CASUALTY REVIEW 27-29 Working together to reduce casualties 3
CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 2 INTRODUCTION: CASUALTY REDUCTION TARGETS 3 3 COLLISION AND CASUALTY TRENDS 4 4 KILLED AND SERIOUSLY INJURED (KSI) CASUALTY REDUCTION 6 4.1 KSI targets and yearly figures 6 4.2 KSI casualties by user type 7 5 CHILD CASUALTY REDUCTION 8 5.1 KSI child casualties 8 5.2 Total child casualties 9 5.3 Child casualties as a percentage of Somerset total 1 5.4 Child casualties by age 11 5.5 Child casualties by user type 12 6 SLIGHT CASUALTIES 13 6.1 Slight casualty targets and yearly figures 13 6.2 Slight casualties by user type 14 7 KSI CASUALTIES 16-24 AGE GROUP 15 7.1 16-24 age group KSI and yearly figures 15 7.2 16-24 age group casualties by severity 16 7.3 16-24 age group casualties by user type 17 8 RURAL AND URBAN CASUALTIES 18 8.1 Rural and Urban casualties by severity 19 8.2 Rural and Urban casualties by user type 2 9 ALL CASUALTIES 21 9.1 All casualties by speed limit 21 9.2 All casualties by road class 22 9.3 All casualties by age group 23 9.4 All casualties by district 24 9.5 Older drivers 26 APPENDIX 28 SOMERSET ROAD SAFETY PARTNERSHIP 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 The Somerset Road Safety Partnership is tasked with reducing collisions and casualties on the county s roads in line with targets set out in the Local Transport Plan 26-211 and among at risk groups including children, young drivers and motorcyclists. This review is updated annually to provide a rolling three-year report, charting progress towards those targets and highlighting trends. The analysis of the figures for 29 shows although the total number of collisions and casualties on Somerset roads in 29 went down by nine per cent, deaths and serious injuries rose the total number of casualties in 29 was 219, compared with 2228 the previous year. However, there were 34 deaths, five higher than in 28, and serious injuries went up from 245 to 27 the total of 34 killed or seriously injured (KSI) casualties in 29 was 34 above the target figure a significant contributory factor was the rise in KSI casualties on trunk roads the M5, A33 and A36 which went up from 23 in 28 to 37 last year a total of 26 people were killed or seriously injured on the motorway within the county boundaries, up from nine in 28 analysis shows an exceptionally high number of KSI casualties (15) occurred in July, August and September, 24 per cent higher than the average for this quarter in the previous three years slight casualties continue to fall with the 29 total of 1715 being 12 per cent below that for 28, and well within the target figure the total number of children (-15 years) injured on Somerset roads in 29 was 155, a fall of 46 casualties (23 per cent) from the previous year the number of fatalities in the 16-24 year age group fell by 25 per cent in 29 when compared with the figures for 28, and slight casualties in this age group fell by five per cent there were 57 KSI injuries in the Powered Two Wheeler category, a reduction of 13 casualties when compared to 28 the percentage of KSI casualties resulting from collisions involving drivers aged 6 and over has increased and an educational package is being designed to make older drivers aware of the problems and give advice. 2 For more information about the Somerset Road Safety Partnership and its casualty reduction programmes, please visit our website www.roadsafetysomerset.org.uk
INTRODUCTION: CASUALTY REDUCTION TARGETS 2 The Somerset Road Safety Partnership was formed in 26 to bring together the extensive experience and expertise from a number of organisations to drive down casualty rates, create safer communities and improve the quality of life for all residents and visitors to Somerset. The partners include Somerset County Council, Devon & Somerset Fire & Rescue Service, NHS Trusts, Highways Agency, Avon and Somerset Constabulary and Safecam (Safety Camera Partnership). It is a key objective of the Partnership to reduce casualty rates in line with agreed targets. After a review of the Government targets, the Local Transport Plan 26-211 identified the following targets for Somerset: 1 A 35 per cent reduction in the number of people killed and seriously injured (KSI) on the county s roads compared to the 1994-98 baseline. 2 A 5 per cent reduction in child KSI casualties. 3 The maintenance of slight casualty figures at the 21-24 baseline average. The acquisition and analysis of road casualty data is at the core of the Partnership s operations, highlighting at risk groups of road users, locations with high collision rates and monitoring the effectiveness of casualty reduction campaigns. This report provides an analysis of the casualty statistics for the period 27 to 29, with particular reference to the target groups, and shows progress towards the key objectives set by the Partnership and in the Local Transport Plans. 3
3 COLLISION AND CASUALTY TRENDS 27-29 3.1 COLLISIONS % CHANGE 28 TO 29 FATAL 37 28 33 18% SERIOUS 219 212 217 2% SLIGHT 1499 132 1164-12% 1755 156 1414-9% COLLISIONS 2 15 1755 156 1414 1 5 Although the total number of collisions in Somerset fell during 29, those resulting in deaths or serious injuries went up. The number of injury collisions in 29 was nine per cent less than in 28 and 19 per cent lower than in 27. However, the number of collisions in which people were killed or seriously injured (KSI) increased by four per cent when compared with 28. The number of collisions in which there were multiple KSI casualties doubled from 12 to 24 in 29. 4 In 28 collisions resulting in two or more KSI casualties made up 12 per cent of the total KSI casualties for the year. In 29 that figure rose to 21 per cent.
3.2 CASUALTIES % CHANGE 28 TO 29 FATAL 39 29 34 17% SERIOUS 262 245 27 1% SLIGHT 2178 1954 1715-12% 2479 2228 219-9% CASUALTIES 3 25 2 2479 2228 219 15 1 5 The number of injury collisions in 29 was 9% less than in 28 There were 34 deaths on Somerset roads in 29, an increase of 17 per cent compared to the previous year. Serious injuries also went up from 245 to 27, a rise of ten per cent. But the total number of people injured on Somerset roads dropped by nine per cent from 2,228 in 28 to 219 in 29. Slight casualties decreased by 12 per cent in 29. 5
4 KILLED AND SERIOUSLY INJURED (KSI) CASUALTY REDUCTION The M5, A33 and A36 roads in Somerset are the responsibility of the Highways Agency. Twelve per cent of the KSI casualties within the county boundaries during 29 occurred on these three trunk roads. These figures have been included in the Somerset statistics. 4.1 KSI CASUALTY REDUCTION 25 26 27 28 29 21 ACTUAL 344 325 31 274 34 - YEARLY TARGET 345 336 314 292 27 247 KSI CASUALTIES 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 25 ACTUAL 26 21 YEARLY TARGET The biggest rise of KSI casualties occurred from July September After a steady decline in the previous four years, the number of KSI casualties increased in 29 and was 11 per cent above the figure for 28 and one per cent above the total in 27. The 29 target for KSI casualties was 27; the actual number of KSI casualties was 34 above this figure. A contributory factor was the steep rise in the number of KSI casualties on trunk roads the M5, A33 and A36. A total of 37 people were killed or seriously injured on trunk roads in Somerset in 29 compared with 23 in the previous year. Of these KSI casualties, 26 occurred on the motorway, up from nine in 28. A breakdown of the KSI figures by date shows the biggest rise occurred in the third quarter of the year (July, August and September). 6 In the three years 26-28, the average number of KSI casualties in these three summer months was 85. In 29 it rose to 15 an increase of 24 per cent.
4.2 KSI CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE 27 28 29 FATAL KSI FATAL KSI FATAL KSI PEDESTRIANS 6 47 2 33 5 42 PEDAL CYCLES 1 16 1 18 1 22 POWERED 2 WHEELERS 1 72 12 7 6 57 CARS/TAXIS 18 153 14 138 19 17 GOODS VEHICLES 2 5 12 2 8 OTHER MOTOR VEHICLES 1 5 3 1 5 OTHER NON MOTOR VEHICLES 1 3 39 31 29 274 34 34 KSI CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 PEDESTRIANS PEDAL CYCLES POWERED 2 WHEELERS CARS/TAXIS GOODS VEHICLES OTHER MOTOR VEHICLES OTHER NON MOTOR VEHICLES The number of motorcyclists/moped riders and passengers killed and seriously injured in the county in 29 fell by 19 per cent compared to 28, with deaths down by 5 per cent. There were 17 KSI casualties in cars/taxis in 29, a rise of 32 on the previous year. Cyclists and pedestrian KSI casualties also rose slightly in 29, by 22 per cent and 27 per cent respectively. 7
CHILD CASUALTY REDUCTION 5 In order to meet the target of a 5 per cent reduction, the number of children killed and seriously injured on Somerset s roads will have to come down to 16 or fewer by the end of 21. The low numbers of casualties in this category means that some fluctuation is inevitable. 5.1 KILLED AND SERIOUSLY INJURED (KSI) CHILD CASUALTIES 27 28 29 FATAL 2 SERIOUS 28 8 21 28 8 23 KSI CHILD CASUALTIES 3 25 28 2 23 15 1 In 29 there were 23 child KSI casualties, of which two were fatalities 5 8 In 29 there were 23 child KSI casualties of which two were fatalities. One of the deaths occurred on the M5 motorway which is a trunk road. The 29 figure is 15 higher than in 28 but five less than in 27. However, the 28 total was uncharacteristically low when compared with the average of 25 child KSI casualties a year for the previous five years. 8
5.2 CHILD CASUALTIES 27 28 29 KSI 28 8 23 SLIGHT 154 193 132 182 21 155 CHILD CASUALTIES 2 154 193 15 132 1 5 28 23 8 SLIGHT KSI The total number of child casualties in 29 was the lowest for at least 15 years, with the figure of 155 being 24 below the average for the period of this review. Slight casualties decreased by 32 per cent when compared with 28 9
5.3 CHILD CASUALTIES AS PERCENTAGE OF SOMERSET CASUALTIES 27 28 29 CHILD 182 21 155 SOMERSET 2479 2228 219 CHILD CASUALTIES 7% 9% 8% CHILD CASUALTIES AS PERCENTAGE OF SOMERSET CASUALTIES 12% 1% 93 91 92 8% 6% 4% 2% % 7 9 8 OTHER AGE GROUPS CHILD CASUALTIES In 29 child casualties made up eight per cent of the total casualties in Somerset. This was a decrease of one per cent when compared to the percentage for 28. 1
5.4 CHILD CASUALTIES BY AGE % CHANGE 28 TO 29 Casualties in the 12-15 age group went up by 7% in 29-3 YEARS 1 17 13-24% 4-7 YEARS 39 42 28-33% 8-11 YEARS 53 67 34-49% 12-15 YEARS 8 75 8 7% 182 21 155-23% CHILD CASUALTIES BY AGE 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-3 YEARS 4-7 YEARS 8-11 YEARS 12-15 YEARS Analysis shows there was an increase in the number of 12 to15 year olds injured on the county s roads in 29. Casualties in all the other age groups fell by an average of 35 per cent. 11
5.5 CHILD CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE % CHANGE 28 TO 29 PEDESTRIANS 5 49 36-27% PEDAL CYCLISTS 32 24 25 4% CARS & TAXIS 93 112 89-21% OTHER USERS 7 16 5-69% 182 21 155-23% CHILD CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE 12 1 8 6 4 There was a 27% fall in child pedestrian casualties in 29 2 PEDESTRIANS PEDAL CYCLISTS CARS & TAXIS OTHER USERS The number of children injured while travelling as car passengers fell by 21 per cent in 29. There was also a 27 per cent fall in child pedestrian casualties in 29 compared with the previous year. But the number of child cyclists injured on the roads rose by four per cent in 29 compared with 28, although the total was 22 per cent lower than in 27. 12
SLIGHT CASUALTIES 6 6.1 SLIGHT CASUALTIES - TARGETS AND YEARLY FIGURES 21-24 BASELINE ACTUAL 219 2178 1954 1715 YEARLY TARGET 219 219 219 219 SLIGHT CASUALTIES 25 2 15 1 5 ACTUAL YEARLY TARGET The number of slight casualties has continued to fall over the past two years, and the total of 1715 in 29 was 475 below the target figure. Slight casualties were down 12 per cent on 28 and 21 per cent on 27. 13
6.2 SLIGHT CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE % CHANGE 28 TO 29 PEDESTRIANS 134 125 119-5% PEDAL CYCLISTS 122 95 111 17% POWERED 2 WHEELERS 18 144 96-33% CARS/TAXIS 1621 1466 1321-1% GOODS VEHICLES 59 73 4-45% OTHER MOTOR VEHICLES 56 49 25-49% OTHER NON MOTOR VEHICLES 6 2 3 5% 2178 1954 1715-12% SLIGHT CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE 18 16 14 12 1 8 The number of cyclists slightly injured in 29 rose by 17% 6 4 2 PEDESTRIANS PEDAL CYCLISTS POWERED 2 WHEELERS CARS/TAXIS GOODS VEHICLES OTHER MOTOR VEHICLES OTHER NON MOTOR VEHICLES In 29 the number of Powered Two Wheeler users sustaining slight injuries on Somerset roads fell by 33 per cent when compared with 28 and by 47 per cent when compared with 27. There were also falls in slight injuries among pedestrians, down five per cent, and car/taxi drivers and passengers which went down by ten per cent However, the number of cyclists with slight injuries rose by 17 per cent in 29. 14
KSI CASUALTIES 16-24 AGE GROUP 7 7.1 KSI CASUALTIES 16-24 YEARS 27 28 29 CASUALTIES 9 71 84 KSI CASUALTIES 16-24 YEARS 1 8 9 84 6 71 4 2 The number of KSI injuries in the 16-24 year age group showed an increase of 18 per cent in 29 when compared with 28, but a decrease of seven per cent compared with 27. 15
7.2 16-24 AGE GROUP CASUALTIES BY SEVERITY Fatalities in the 16-24 age group fell by 25% in 29 FATAL SERIOUS % CHANGE 28 TO 29 11 8 6-25% 79 63 78 24% KSI 9 71 84 18% SLIGHT 616 551 526-5% 76 622 61-2% % OF SOMERSET 28% 28% 3% - 16-24 AGE GROUP CASUALTIES BY SEVERITY 7 6 5 616 551 526 4 3 2 1 11 8 6 79 63 78 FATAL SERIOUS SLIGHT There was a reduction of 25 per cent in the number of fatalities in the 16-24 year age group in 29, although serious injuries rose by 24 per cent. Slight injuries decreased by five per cent when compared with 28, and by 15 per cent compared with 27. 16
7.3 CASUALTIES 16-24 AGE GROUP BY USER TYPE % CHANGE 28 TO 29 PEDESTRIANS 39 27 26-4% PEDAL CYCLISTS 17 23 17-26% POWERED 2 WHEELERS 9 89 69-22% CARS/TAXIS 538 466 487 5% OTHER USERS 22 17 11-35% 76 622 61-2% CASUALTIES 16-24 AGE GROUP BY USER TYPE 6 5 4 3 2 1 PEDESTRIANS PEDAL CYCLISTS POWERED 2 WHEELERS CARS/TAXIS OTHER USERS The figures for 29 show a reduction of 22 per cent in the number of Powered Two Wheeler casualties in the 16-24 year age group. Pedal cyclist casualties in this age group also fell by 26 per cent in 29 compared with the previous year. The number of 16-24 year old casualties who were car/taxi drivers or passengers rose from 466 in 28 to 487 in 29, an increase of five per cent. In 29 there were four per cent fewer 16-24 year old pedestrian casualties. 17
RURAL AND URBAN CASUALTIES 8 8.1 RURAL AND URBAN CASUALTIES BY SEVERITY RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN KSI 175 126 159 115 195 19 SLIGHT 1113 165 146 98 856 859 1288 1191 125 123 151 968 18
CASUALTIES ON RURAL ROADS 12 1 1113 146 8 856 6 4 2 175 159 195 KSI SLIGHT CASUALTIES ON URBAN ROADS 12 1 165 8 98 859 6 4 2 126 115 19 KSI SLIGHT Casualties on urban roads fell in 29 On rural roads, the number of KSI casualties decreased from 175 in 27 to 159 in 28 (nine per cent) but then rose to 195 in 29 (an increase of 23 per cent). Casualties on urban roads decreased by nine per cent from 27 to 28 and decreased again by five per cent from 28 to 29. Slight casualties fell on both rural and urban roads from 27 to 28 and again from 28 to 29. The decrease over the past three years was 23 per cent on rural routes and 19 per cent on urban roads. 19
8.2 RURAL AND URBAN CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE 27 28 29 RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN PEDESTRIANS 23 158 13 145 18 143 PEDAL CYCLISTS 17 121 22 91 24 19 POWERED 2 WHEELERS 111 141 86 128 6 93 CARS/TAXIS 172 72 989 615 896 595 GOODS VEHICLES 43 21 7 15 37 11 OTHER USERS 22 48 25 29 16 17 1288 1191 125 123 151 968 RURAL AND URBAN CASUALTIES BY USER TYPE 12 1 8 6 4 2 RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN PEDESTRIANS PEDAL CYCLISTS POWERED 2 WHEELERS CARS/TAXIS GOODS OTHER USERS 2
ALL CASUALTIES 9 9.1 ALL CASUALTIES BY SPEED LIMIT SPEED 27 % OF 28 % OF 29 % OF % CHANGE 28 TO 29 2 44 2% 42 2% 28 1% -33% 3 946 38% 83 37% 779 39% -6% 4 21 8% 149 7% 161 8% +8% 5 147 6% 141 6% 113 6% -2% 6 934 38% 911 41% 771 38% -15% 7 27 8% 155 7% 167 8% +8% 2479 1% 2228 1% 219 1% -9% SPEED LIMITS IN WHICH CASUALTIES OCCURRED ALL CASUALTIES BY SPEED LIMIT 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Casualties on roads with a 7mph speed limit went up by 8% in 29 The number of casualties resulting from collisions in 3mph speed limits fell by six per cent from 28 to 29. There were also reductions in the number of casualties in 5 and 6mph zones of 2 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. However, casualties on roads with a 7mph speed limit went up by eight per cent in 29. Just over three-quarters of all casualties in Somerset result from collisions on roads with 3mph or 6mph speed limits. During the last three years, the average percentage of Somerset casualties that occurred in 3mph speed limits was 38 per cent and the average percentage in 6mph speed limits was 39 per cent. 21
9.2 ALL CASUALTIES BY ROAD CLASS ROAD CLASS 27 % OF 28 % OF 29 % OF % CHANGE 28 TO 29 M 167 7% 15 5% 128 6% +22% A 1265 51% 1146 51% 132 51% -1% B 269 11% 237 11% 229 11% -3% U 778 31% 74 33% 63 31% -15% 2479 1% 2228 1% 219 1% -9% ALL CASUALTIES BY ROAD CLASS 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 MOTORWAYS A ROADS B ROADS UNCLASSIFIED ROAD CLASS CASUALTIES BY ROAD CLASS SHOWING AVERAGE FOR 27-29 MOTORWAY 6% B ROADS 11% UNCLASSIFIED ROADS 32% A ROADS 51% Most casualties in Somerset are the result of collisions occurring on A class roads. In 29, 51 per cent of casualties occurred on A roads, the same as in 27 and 28. Although in 29 there was a decrease of ten per cent in the number of collisions occurring on A roads when compared with 28. Casualties on unclassified roads in 29 fell by 15 per cent from the 28 figure of 74. In 28 there were 15 casualties from collisions on the Motorway. This figure rose by 22 per cent in 29. 22
9.3 ALL CASUALTIES BY AGE GROUP Casualties in all age groups under 6 went down in 29 27 28 29-15 182 21 155 16-24 76 662 61 25-59 125 142 887 6+ 37 274 288 UNKNOWN 79 89 79 2479 2228 219 ALL CASUALTIES BY AGE GROUP 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-15 16-24 25-59 6+ UNKNOWN When the number of casualties in each age group was calculated as a percentage of the total number of casualties in Somerset in 29, the results were - Children (-15 years) 8% Youths (16-24 years) 3% Adults (25-59 years) 44% 6+ years 14% Unknown age 4% While there were reductions in the numbers of casualties in the child, youth and adult age groups, there was a slight increase in the number of casualties in the 6 plus age group. 23
9.4 ALL CASUALTIES BY DISTRICT 27 28 29 KSI SLIGHT KSI SLIGHT KSI SLIGHT MENDIP 6 415 475 57 48 465 62 375 437 SEDGEMOOR 66 514 58 52 389 441 95 384 479 TAUNTON DEANE 52 439 491 51 48 459 39 341 38 WEST SOMERSET 36 151 187 21 144 165 26 132 158 SOUTH SOMERSET 87 659 746 93 65 698 82 483 565 31 2178 2479 274 1954 2228 34 1715 219 ALL CASUALTIES BY DISTRICT 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Four of the Somerset districts saw a fall in road casualties in 29 MENDIP SEDGEMOOR TAUNTON DEANE WEST SOMERSET SOUTH SOMERSET During the period under review, there was a decrease in the number of casualties in each of the districts year on year, with the exception of Sedgemoor, where the number of casualties rose by seven per cent in 29, although still well below the figure for 27. 24
DISTRICT S AS PERCENTAGE OF SOMERSET AVERAGE MENDIP 19% 21% 22% 21% SEDGEMOOR 23% 2% 24% 22% TAUNTON DEANE 2% 21% 19% 2% WEST SOMERSET 8% 7% 8% 8% SOUTH SOMERSET 3% 31% 28% 3% 1% 1% 1% - PERCENTAGE OF CASUALTIES IN EACH SOMERSET DISTRICT: AVERAGE OF PERIOD 27-29 SOUTH SOMERSET 29% WEST SOMERSET 8% MENDIP 21% TAUNTON DEANE 2% SEDGEMOOR 22% 25
9.5 OLDER DRIVERS In September 29 the Department for Transport carried out a study Collisions Involving Older Drivers. (see Appendix) A similar study of collisions involving older drivers was carried out in Somerset and produced the following results: CASUALTIES FROM COLLISIONS INVOLVING 6+ DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF CASUALTIES 27 28 29 CASUALTIES FROM 6+ DRIVER COLLISIONS 567 548 57 ALL CASUALTIES CASUALTIES FROM 6+ DRIVER COLLISIONS AS % OF CASUALTIES 2479 2228 219 23% 25% 25% CASUALTIES FROM COLLISIONS INVOLVING 6+ DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF CASUALTIES 3% 25% 2% 23 25 25 15% 1% 5% % 26
KSI CASUALTIES FROM COLLISIONS INVOLVING 6+ DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF KSI CASUALTIES 27 28 29 KSI CASUALTIES FROM 6+ DRIVER COLLISIONS 57 61 91 ALL KSI CASUALTIES KSI CASUALTIES FROM 6+ DRIVER COLLISIONS AS % OF KSI CASUALTIES 31 274 34 19% 22% 3% KSI CASUALTIES FROM COLLISIONS INVOLVING 6+ DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF KSI CASUALTIES 3% 3 25% 2% 22 15% 19 1% 5% % The number of KSI casualties involving drivers over 6 has increased This analysis shows that the number of KSI casualties that result from collisions involving drivers aged 6 or over has increased when considered as a percentage of the total KSI casualties for the year. The Special Projects Team from the Road Safety Partnership is working on an educational package which will make older drivers aware of the problems brought on by advancing age and will give advice on how standards of driving may be maintained. 27
APPENDIX COLLISIONS INVOLVING OLDER DRIVERS DfT: Road Safety Research Report 19: Collisions Involving Older Drivers: An In-Depth Study The report states that drivers under 7 years of age appear to be no more likely to cause a crash than to be the victim of another driver s carelessness, but that blameworthiness increased with driver age. It found that the most frequent class of crash caused by drivers over 6 years of age was right of way crashes. The most frequent failures observed involved visual search errors when turning right onto a more major road. A study by Hakamies-Blomqvist and Peters in 2 found that merging decisions at intersections showed no age difference in accuracy but the elderly needed 5 per cent more time to decide. Rabbit et al in 1996 compared driving instructors observations of older driver behaviour and found some skills to be more difficult for older people, such as vigilance, speed and distance judgements and co-ordination. A study by Clarke et al in 24 found that in motorcycle crashes looked but did not see errors appeared to affect older at fault drivers more than younger ones. Other studies found that 5 per cent of older-driver crashes occurred at intersections, compared with 21 per cent of crashes involving middle aged drivers and that there was strong over representation in crashes resulting from older drivers attempting to turn across oncoming vehicles. A review on slow post-turn decision manoeuvring concluded that older drivers sometimes tended to take more time to accelerate and complete their manoeuvre. 28
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