Japan s Floating Offshore Wind Projects An Overview Annette Bossler Main(e) International Consulting LLC Bremen, ME USA
Japan s Wind Resources Onshore and Offshore Source: Japan FEPC Onshore wind potential too far from load centers Offshore wind potential close to load centers is in deep water 3
Floating Offshore Wind Foundations Global Overview: Currently nearly 30 projects in various stages of development worldwide Currently 5 full scale, operating pilot plants 2009 Statoil Hywind (Norway) Siemens 2.3MW turbine 2011 Principle Power Windfloat (Portugal) Vestas 2MW turbine 2013 Toda Corporation Spar (Japan) Hitachi / JSW 2MW turbine 2013 Mitsui Semisubmersible (Japan) Hitachi 2MW turbine 2013 Japan Marine United Spar (Japan) Hitachi 66kV substation (the world s first floating substation) In 2013 Japan took the global lead in installed and commissioned floating offshore wind 4
Full Scale Floating Spar off Kabashima Island, Kyushu, Japan (commissioned October 2013) Full Scale October 2013 ½ Scale 2012 1/10 - Scale 2009 Full Scale: 2MW downwind turbine with 80m rotor diameter Total spar length 172m Total weight incl. Turbine 3,400 t Steel with pre-stressed concrete Steel chain mooring, 3 points, catenary, attached to drag anchors Image Source: Kyoto University 5
Full Scale Pilot Project: Fukushima Floating Pilot Project Foundation Type Spec Turbine Type Technology Provide Advanced Spar 25 MVA, 66kV Substation IHI Marine United (Foundation); Hitachi (Substation) Semisubmersible 2MW Downwind Turbine Mitsui (Foundation), Hitachi (Turbine) Semisubmersible 7MW Upwind Turbine, hydraulic Advanced Spar 7MW Upwind Turbine, hydraulic Mitsubishi (Foundation & Turbine) IHI Marine United (Foundation), Mitsubishi (Turbine) Phase I I 2 2 Completed Completed Source: Marubeni Press Release Project management by Marubeni Funded by Japanese Government Potentially the largest floating pilot project Interconnect in Fukushima First hydraulic offshore turbine to be used with floating foundations Water depth 100-200 meter Average wind speed 7 m/s at hub height 20km offshore 6
Fukushima Floating Pilot Project Interconnect Source: Fukushima FORWARD Consortium 7
Full Scale Semisubmersible by Mitsui off Fukushima (commissioned November 2013) Image Sources: Sankei Media, Asahi Shimbun, Fukushima FORWARD Consortium 8
Mitsui Semisubmersible Mitsui has developed 2 floating foundations: a TLP and a Semisubmersible The Semisubmersible was built as part of the Fukushima project Fabrication at Mitsui s Chiba yard Design for use with a 2MW turbine Width 58 m Total column length 32 m of which 16 mwill be submerged Hub height 60 m Blade length ca. 40 m Rotor diameter ca. 80 m Cut out wind speed 25 m/s Cut in wind speed 13 m/s RPM 11.1 19.6 9
Full Scale Floating Spar by Japan Marine United off Fukushima (commissioned Nov. 2013) Image Sources: Sankei Media, Tokyo University 10
Japan Marine United (formerly IHI) Advanced Spar Fabrication at yard in Yokohama Tower height 88.8 m Hub height 105 meter Rotor diameter 167 m Spar length 60 m Connection tower and foundation height 12 m 11
Mitsubishi Semisubmersible (Fukushima Phase 2 to be commissioned in 2015) Semisub to be deployed with Mitsubishi s new 7MW hydraulic offshore turbine Hub height 105 m Rotor diameter 167 m Cut in wind speed 15 m/s Cut out wind speed 21 m/s RPM 10.3 Source: Mitsubishi 12
Summary and Outlook: Floating offshore wind is a global market Japan aims to become the global leader in floating offshore wind The Japanese government has been spending ca. $200 Million p.a. over the past years on floating offshore R&D as well as pilot projects Japan views floating offshore wind as a major opportunity for their shipyards The Fukushima project is using nearly 100% Japanese supply chain except the drag anchors which were imported from the Netherlands Japan lacks experience, resources and infrastructure for offshore wind O&M Longer term the market is likely to open up for foreign players Japan like other countries needs the development of standards such as fatigue of structures and mooring systems etc. Local communities, especially fishing communities need to be involved. The Japanese fishing industry is very powerful The Japanese government is developing navigational standards with regards to offshore wind as Japan transports many domestic goods by coastal vessel. Environmental impact has to be monitored 13
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