The VRUITS project: ITS applications for VRUs Johan Scholliers, VTT
Project Background ITS systems have facilitated the decrease of fatalities in the EU. ITS development has mainly been vehicle-centric VRU fatalities have not decreased in the same level as other road users: Fatalities among car occupants were reduced by 50% between 2000 and 2012, whereas decreases were only 34% for pedestrians, 31% for cyclists and 17% for motorcyclists (IRTAD, 2014). The VRU has to be an active, integrated element in the ITS, addressing safety, mobility and travel comfort of VRUs 3
VRUITS Main Objectives 1. Assess societal impacts of selected ITS, and provide recommendations for policy and industry regarding ITS in order to improve the safety and mobility of VRUs; 2. Provide evidence basedrecommendedpracticesonhowvrucanbe integrated in Intelligent Transport Systems and on how HMI designs can be adapted to meet the needs of VRUs, and test these recommendations in field trials 4
Project Main Facts Duration: 1.4.2013 31.3.2016 Consortium: Associated Members: Ertico, ECF, FEMA, ACEM, Finnish Transport Agency, Rijkswaterstaat,, Finnish Transport Safety Agency, City of Helmond, City of Valladolid, Psychological University Berlin, University of Maine, CERTH/HIT This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 321586 5
Most critical scenarios Data sources: CARE, national databases (UK,SE,SP,FI), in depth studies (SafetyNet, Pendant, MAIDS) Pedestrians Pedestrian crossing the road at mid block Vehicle pulling out into the path of oncoming VRU Cyclists & PTWs At junctions: Vehicle turning into VRU s path 6
ITS applications selected for assessment
Co-operative systems assessed by VRUITS (1/2) VRU beacon system: VRU has tag that broadcast data. The vehicle driver is warned about potential collisions PTW oncoming Vehicle Information System PTW riders and cars exchange messages and are warned of potential collisions Bicycle to vehicle communications: Cyclists and cars exchange messages and are warned of potential collisions 8
Co-operative systems assessed by VRUITS (2/2) Green wave for cyclists: System provides speed advice to cyclists Intersection safety: Road side unit detects VRUs and warns road users 9
Safety Results by VRU group, % reduction of all road fatalities, EU-28 (100% penetration) BSD* 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Pedestrians Cyclists Mopedists Motorcyclists BSD B2V CAL GWC IVB IPT Blind Spot Detection Bicycle to Vehicle Crossing Adaptive Lighting Green Wave for Cyclists Info. Bike Vacancy Intelligent Pedestrian Traffic Signal Intersection Safety INS Pedestrian Detection+ Emergency Braking PTW to Vehicle PCDS+EBR PTW2V VBS VRU Beacon System 10
CBA Results medium scenario 2030 Cost Efficiency Effectiveness NPV of Benefits Benefit Cost (BC) ratio <1 (1 3) >3 < 500 M IVB, BSD* GWC B2V, CAL > 500 M PCDS+EBR, BSD VBS, IPT, PCDS+EBR* INS, PTW2V 11
VRUITS Trials: Helmond Intersection Safety with Cooperative AEB VRU detects cyclists and PTWs and send data to car; car assesses risk; warns both driver and sends message to cyclist, car brakes automatically. Cyclist is warned (haptic & visual) 12
Alternatives for integration of VRUs in C-ITS VRU Pedestrian (Remote worker, ) Wheelchairs. Bicyclist (normal, e bike, high speed) PTW (moped, motorcycle, L type vehicle) Animals Device Only transmitting (beacon) Only receiving Both transmitting and receiving Not equipped Integration Integrated in VRU vehicle Tethered Sensors in VRU vehicle Communication in smartphone Nomadic Dedicated device Smartphone app 13
Functional architecture 14
Recommendations regarding integration of VRUs (1/2) Standardisation of communication technologies and interfaces Taking into account VRU devices restrictions, as e.g. power consumption, limited range, sensor accuracy Work ongoing in TR 103 300 Research on reliable low latency wireless communications based on ITS G5 and cellular technologies (LTE/5G) for VRU applications Research and incentives for integration of C ITS in VRU vehicles Research on integration of C ITS in smart phones Adaptation of channels and congestion control rules for dense urban scenarios Research on improving location accuracy of VRU devices (<0.5 m). 15
Recommendations regarding integration of VRUs (2/2) Standardised procedures for assuring both the privacy of VRUs and the security of the messages transmitted by the VRUs Start with local infrastructure related implementations which can reach a critical mass of VRU users Addition of VRU related elements in maps. Promote Bluetooth LE, integrated in most smartphones, as tool for improving mobility, especially of users with special needs Support standardisation of Cooperative Observation Service More research on use cases and road user behaviour of VRUs to improve risk assessment 16
For more information www.vruits.eu Coordinator: Johan Scholliers, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, johan.scholliers@vtt.fi 17