37 th Gas-Lift Workshop Houston, Texas, USA February 3 7, 2014 How does an unstable GLV affect the producing zones? Frode Hveding Vice President Reservoir 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 1
Agenda Description of a new intervention service Z-System Fiber optics conveyed safely within a semi-stiff Carbon Rod Measuring principle Operation principle Applications Principle of GLV operation How can distributed measurements help? Tuning of production Unstable GLV any effect on production? 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 2
Fiber optic High Resolution Sensing DTS Distributed Temperature Sensing DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing Point sensors (calibrated) Pressure Temperature Vibration 4 x Single- and 2 x multimode optical fibres Feb. 4 8, 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 3 ft Bull nose with Pressure, Temperature & Vibration placed at the end of 6 km long Carbon Rod
All the well All the time Real Time Feb. 4 8, 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop
Applications of fiber optic intervention Leak detection Flow allocation Overburden integrity Fracturing / Stimulation Restrictions Flow pattern diagnostic Flow behind casing Microseismic Gas Lift Optimization Vertical Seismic Profiling Real time flow and production understanding 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 5
Gas lift valve principle 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 7
What are we measuring Distributed Temperature Sensing Gas flow through narrow orifice Cooling Joule Thomson effect the rate of change of temperature with respect to pressure μ JT = T P H = V C p αt 1 μ JT = Joule-Thomson coefficient H = constant enthalpy V = Volume of Gas C p = Heat capacity α = Coefficient of thermal expansion 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 8
Gas lift valve Well 1 Temperature Acoustic Filter: 10 4000 Hz 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 9
Gas lift valve Well 1 Temperature Acoustic Filter: 3800 4000 Hz 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 10
Gas lift valve Well 2 Temperature Acoustic Filter: 200 400 Hz 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 12
Gas lift valve Well 2 Temperature Acoustic Filter: 400 600 Hz 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 13
Gas lift valve differences Well 1 Orifice size 0.28in Injection rate 105.000 m 3 /d Well 2 Orifice size 0.25in Injection rate 74.000 m 3 /d 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 14
Gas rate vs amplitude & frequency SPE 3999 - McKinley et.al (1973) 5 psi/in 300 psi/in 40 psi/in 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 15
Slugging GLV Effect on Reservoir? Cyclic production 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop
Starting up gas injection - DTS Feb. 4 8. 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 17
Starting up gas injection - DAS Feb. 4 8. 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 18
Stabilized? Feb. 4 8. 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 19
How does the GLV behave? Feb. 4 8. 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 20
Unstable conditions from where? Feb. 4 8. 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 21
Flow regime consideration Tune the GLV in order to: Determine optimal gas injection rate & orifice size for highest liquid rate Ensure we have the correct flow regime in addition to highest possible liquid rate Understand if the pressure drop is sufficient for the lift required Distributed measurements are important to fully understand the actual effect 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 22
ALL the well, ALL the time in REAL TIME Tune injection rate until stable production Improve GLV strategy Implement this method for ESP Gas Lift valve 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 23
Summary Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) are important tools for real time tuning with its capability of seeing «All the well All the time» in real time Important to ensure a safe and easy method to deploy fiber optics as an intervention service Tuning of the parameters to observe improvements is now possible: Zonal contribution Flow regime determination Pressure drop and pressure regime analysis 2014 Gas-Lift Workshop 24
Thank you!
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