Brazil and Olympism Brazil is today a country entirely identified with the Olympic movement, the aim of which she admits is to maintain the essence and meaning of the act which expresses itself in the conservation of a spiritual state defining attitudes and physical as well as moral and intellectual behaviour. Conscious of the truth reflected by the purity of the ideal as defined by Pierre de Coubertin, Brazilian sport aligns itself on the side of the nations which recognise in Olympism a moral power of such magnitude which, far from signifying only a periodical meeting of the youth of the whole world, converts itself into an evangelical action devoted to the permanent strengthening and progressive evolution of the human conscience. Having in its favour the support of an exceptional nature, Brazil affords sport the sense of a reality revealed today by the existence of many hundreds of sports fields and the presence of thousands of youths, participants in arduous competitions, be it at sea, on land, in swimming pools, on courts, fields or tracks. The highly honourable distinction of Minister Raul do Rio Branco as ambassador of the IOC in our country, making available conditions for the formation of an Olympic conscience, brought about the first participation of a delegation at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, where our country aligned itself enthusiastically among the eminent Olympic nations, a position maintained proudly until this date. Comité Olímpico Brasileiro, July 1977 BRAZIL 8,511,965 sq. km. 94,508,554 inhabitants (in September 1970). COMITE OLIMPICO BRASILEIRO (COB) (Brazilian Olympic Committee) Founded (in its final form) on 20th May 1935. Recognised by the IOC in 1935. President in office: Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha*. Secretary General in office: Antonio dos Reis Carneiro*. Address: Avenida Rio Branco, 156-30 andar - salas 3020/3024, 20 000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Telephone: 252-6739 and 221-7988. Cable: Colimpbraz. Role of the COB To teach and uphold the Olympic principles. To collaborate with the sports federations in order to ensure participation of Brazilian sportsmen in the Olympic Games, the Pan-American Games and various international events. To represent national Olympism to the governmental authorities. * See biographical notes. 487
Creation Dr. Arnaldo Guinle Dr. José Ferreira Santos Dr. Antonio Prado, Jr. Although the COB came into existence on 20th May 1935, this date does not signify the true beginning of Brazilian Olympism. Since 1913, the Brazilian Minister in Berne, HE Raul do Rio Branco*, appointed member of the IOC, had endeavoured to create a national Olympic movement and due to his activity, a delegation of twenty-one athletes competed in the 1920 Olympic Games. In 1923, Comte Henri de Baillet- Latour, not yet IOC President but already quite an influential force, undertook a promotional tour of Latin America. Brazil proved an important stage of his journey. On his return he asked his colleagues to elect two new members in Brazil, since when and for a period of 40 years, José Ferreira Santos* and Arnaldo Guinle* faithfully fulfilled their role as ambassadors of the IOC, who presided over the CBD until 1974. Successive Presidents of the COB 1935-1946: Dr. Antonio Prado, Jr.*. 1947-1950: Dr. Arnaldo Guinle*. 1951-1962: Dr. José Ferreira Santos*. 1963 (January-October): Admiral Attila Aché. Since 1963: Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha*. IOC members in Brazil 1. Raul do Rio Branco*, from 1913 to 1938. Olympism. 2. Arnaldo Guinle*, from 1923 to 1961, Until 1932, the responsibilities usually honorary member until his death in falling to the NOC were dealt with by 1963. the Confederaçao Brasileira de Desportos (CBD). In order better to ensure 3. José Ferreira Santos*, from 1923 to 1962, member of the Executive the necessary independence of Olym- Board from 1960 until his death in pism in Brazil, the National Olympic 1962. Committee was founded in 1935, under the direction of Antonio Prado, Jr.*. 4. Antonio Prado, Jr.*, from 1938 to Since then, understanding prevails 1955. between the two organisations to the 5. Jean-Marie Faustin Godefroid Havehad at their heads the IOC members, benefit of all, the more so since they lange*, since 1963. Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha*, 6. Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha*, Vice-President of the IOC, who presides since 1964, member of the Executive over the COB since 1963, and Mr. João Board since 1970, Vice-President of Havelange, President of the Fédération the IOC since 1975. lnternationale de Football Association since 1974 and a respected member of 488 * See biographical notes.
BRAZIL AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES Date of first participation: 1920. At this time, no NOC existed in Brazil, so that the first Olympic delegation from this country was organised by the Confederaçao Brasileira de Desportos under the chairmanship of the IOC member, HE Raul do Rio Branco*. This was the case until 1936. Since 1920 Brazil has been represented at every Olympic Games (except in 1928), but to date no Brazilian has yet participated in the Winter Games. * See biographical notes. 1948 - London: the flag-bearer of the Brazilian delegation is none other than the current Vice-President of the IOC, Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha, who was participating as an athlete in his third Olympiad celebration. Brazilian cities which have applied to stage the Olympic Games Rio de Janeiro, candidate city for the organisation of the Olympic Games celebrating the Xllth Olympiad in 1940 and the XVllth Olympiad in 1960. Rio de Janeiro, candidate city for the organisation of the Equestrian Games in 1956. 489
Representation of Brazil at the Olympic Games from 1920 to 1976¹ 1920 5 1924 8 2 1928 1932 19 18 1936 6 20 8 6 1948 13(6) 4 12 4 6 6 1952 10(3) 3 14 7 6 6 20 3 1956 6 5 12 2 1 2 1960 6(1) 5 12 5 1 4 19 1 1964 1 12 3 1 18 1968 4(3) 2 12 2 3 4 18 1 1972 3 3 12 2 2 5(2) 19 2 1976 9(3) 7 4 1 17 1 ¹ The figures in brackets represent the number of women included in the first figure. x Sport included in the programme but in which no event was contested. ² Demonstration Sport. Not included on the programme. 490
1920 9 7 21 1924 1 11 1928 0 1932 15(1) 5 57(1) 3936 0² 13(3) 3 4 2 62(3) 1948 16(5) 3 8 72(11) 1952 25(2) 4 8 6 112(5) 1956 5 3 4 3 43 1960 16 4 3 5 81(1) 1964 1 15 1 5 57 1968 14 2 7 69 1972 1976 2 3 12(3) 10(4) 4 8 12 13 12 9 91(5) 81(7) Organisation of Games Rio de Janeiro organised the first and Sao Paulo organised the IVth Panonly Latin American Games in 1922, American Games in 1963. as the South American Games Conference decided to put an end to this Porto Alegre organised the World Stucycle on 31st July 1928. dent Games in 1963. 491
The Brazilian Olympic champions Name Christian Name Sport Event Year Birth Death Notes Paraense Guilherme Shooting Revolver, 30 m 1920 1885 1968 3rd in the team event Da Silva Adhemar Ferreira Athletics Triple jump 1952 1927 Da Silva Adhemar Ferreira Athletics Triple jump 1956 1927 Holder of the IOC Mohammed Taher Trophy (see p. 495) 1952 and 1956: Adhemar Ferreira Da Silva 1920 - Antwerp: Lieutenant Guilherme Paraense (first in the individual military revolver) surrounded by his teammates, Afranio Da Costa, Dario Barbosa, Fernando Soledade, Sebastão Wolf and Mario Maurity, with whom he was placed third in the team event. 492
1947 - The Brazilian team, second in the South American water polo championships, with Mr. João Havelange (far right), now IOC member and President of the FIFA. Brazilian Olympic medallists 1920 - Antwerp - First Olympic delegation - First title taken by the marksman Guilherme Paraense. He was also awarded a bronze medal in the team event with Afranio Da Costa (also second in the pistol at 50 m), Dario Barbosa, Mario Maurity and Fernando Soledade. It was then necessary to wait until 1948 for Brazilian sportsmen to appear on the podium, when the basketball team took third place. One of this team, Zenny de Azevedo, was still part of the Brazilian team when it took second place in Rome in 1960, twelve years later. The Brazilian basketball team was again prominent in third place in 1964. Apart from the famous Adhemar Ferreira da Silva, Brazilian triple jump owes much to Nelson Prudencio (second in Mexico, third in Munich) and the present world record holder, João C. de Oliviera (third in Montreal). Among the other Brazilian Olympic medallists are the high jumper José Telles de Conceicao (third in 1952), the swimmers Tetsuo Okamoto (third in the 1500 m in 1952) and Manuel dos Santos (third in the 100 m in 1960), the boxer Servillio Oliveira (third in 1968), the judoka Chiaki lshi (third in 1972) and the team Reinaldo Concard- Peter Finker (third in the Flying Dutchman in 1976 at Kingston). THE BRAZILIANS AND THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONS After Mr. Antonio dos Reis Carneiro*, who was President of the Fédération lnternationale de Basketball from 1960 to 1964, Mr. João Havelange*, who presides over the Fédération Internationale de Football Association since 1974, became the second Brazilian to assume presidency of an IF whose sport is on the Olympic programme. * See biographical notes. 493
PRESENT ORGANISATION OF THE COB The statutes in force, adopted on 25th November 1955, were modified in December 1959 and March 1975. Composition: the COB is made up of the IOC members in Brazil (ex officio) and a representative of each national organisation controlling one of the sports included on the Olympic programme over the whole country. The General Assembly ordinarily meets every four years to elect the President of the Committee, the members of the Executive Committee and the Fiscal Commission. The Executive Committee administers the COB. It is made up of the members of the IOC in Brazil and twenty members. A Vice-President, a Secretary General and a Treasurer are elected from among its members. The Fiscal Commission, consisting of three members, controls the accounts and the use of COB funds. Members of the present Board PT: Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha*, Vice-President of the IOC; VPT: Mr. Edgar do Amaral; SG: Mr. Antonio dos Reis Carneiro*; T: Mr. Paulo Martins Maira; MS: Messrs. Jean-Marie Faustin Godefroid Havelange* (IOC member), Alberto Curi, André Gustavo Richer, Augusto de Oliveira Cordeiro, Carlos Arthur Nuzman, Carlos Osório de Almeida, Anisio Silva Rocha, Anto- * See biographical notes. nio Pires de Castro Filho, Heleno de Barros Nunes, Helio de Araujo Vieira, Hugo de Sá Campello Filho, Jeronymo Baptista Bastos, Vicente Saguas Presas Junior, João Corrêa da Costa, Julio de Sá Bierrenbach, Laudo Natel, Maurício Dantas Torres and Ramiro Tavares Gonçalves; Fiscal Commission: Messrs. Jayme Chacon, Joaquim do Couto Simões and Paulo Rocha. Financing of the COB. The National Council of Sports, a State organisation, assigns the COB a share of the profits from a sports lottery based on the results of professional football matches. This lottery enables assistance to be given to the development of amateur sport and sport for all. Federations affiliated to the COB CBD* Basketball Boxing Equestrian Fencing Judo Shooting Volleyball Yachting Foundation 1933 1941 1941 1927 1969 1947 1956 1934 Affiliation to the NOC IF 1935 1935 1935 1941 1946 1941 1935 1935 1941 1969 1947 1948 1956 1935 1936 * The CBD (Confederaçao Brasileira de Desportos) controls the following eleven Olympic sports: Athletics Rowing Cycling Football Gymnastics Handball Hockey Swimming Modern pentathlon Archery Weightlifting Affiliation to the IF 1924 1931 1935 1923 1951 1954 1962 1914 1944 1971 1946 494
THE COB AND OLYMPISM Olympic day Olympic awards obtained Olympic Diploma of Merit By Alberto Santos Dumont, third holder in 1905, for his feats as an aviation pioneer. Olympic Cup 1949 - By the Fluminense Football Club of Rio de Janeiro, founded by Dr. Arnaldo Guinle*, IOC member, which became one of the most modern clubs in Brazil. Mohammed Taher Trophy 1953 - By Ferreira da Silva, Olympic triple jump champion in 1952 and 1956, for prefering to remain an amateur and turning down a house which a newspaper wanted to give him by public subscription. Olympic day was created in Brazil in 1959. The Olympic Review mentioned at that time: World Olympic day took place in a dignified manner, on 23rd June at Sao Paulo, with the participation of the national federations of the country. lt was the occasion of a brilliant and effective promotion for Olympism and proved a wonderful success. The Gazeta Esportiva, which is the most widely-read Brazilian newspaper, published a special edition in commemoration of this great day. We read among others an article on Olympic day praising the work of Baron de Coubertin and also the work of the IOC. It might be added that the article was signed by the member of the IOC in Brazil, Dr. J. Ferreira Santos. Since then, this day has been commemorated many times. Protection of the Olympic emblems By law no. 6251 of 8th October 1975, the COB was granted sole rights to use the Olympic flag and emblems on the whole of Brazilian territory. International Olympic Academy The COB has never yet participated in the work of the Academy. Publications of the COB The COB has no magazine. Mr. Antonio dos Reis Carneiro receiving the Olympic Order from Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha. It is worth mentioning the sports encyclopedia in two volumes, drawn up by Adolpho Schermann and entitled Os Desportos em Todo O Mundo. This work was recommended in 1955 by the Pan-American Sports Organisation. Also by the same author and published by lrmaos Pongetti (Rio de Janeiro), is a book entitled Evolucao dos Despor- tos Atraves dos Tempos (The Evolu- tion of Sport through the Ages). Olympic Order By Antonio dos Reis Carneiro*, recipient of the bronze medal in 1976, a pillar of Brazilian sports organisation. Brazilian Olympic bibliography 495
SPORT IN BRAZIL Role of the State Law No. 6251, issued on 8th October 1975 by the President of the Republic, defines the general standards of Brazilian sports activity. The National Sports Council regulates sports activity in the entire country on behalf of the federal state. It supervises the distribution of funds from the sports lottery. In each federal state, a regional sports council applies the decisions of the National Sports Council. Other sports governing bodies Apart from the important CBD (Confederaçao Brasileira de Desportos) and the other seven national sports confederations affiliated to the COB, three other sports confederations exist. They are for tennis, motoring and chess. Sport at school Sport is part of the school programme and as such is governed by the Ministry of Culture and Education, through the intermediary of the Department of Physical Education. The Brazilian Student Sports Confederation is in charge of student sports activities. Sports installations According to the Iatest statistics, there are: 22 indoor 50 m swimming pools 25 outdoor 50 m swimming pools 8 stadia for over 30,000 spectators, 6 of which for over 100,000 spectators 656 gymnasia, etc. Sports which draw the biggest crowds Football, basketball, volleyball and swimming. Sports experiencing the greatest development Football, basketball, volleyball and swimming. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Arnaldo Guinle IOC member from 1923 to 1961, honorary member from 1961 until his death in 1963. The founding of the first NOC in Brazil in 1935 was largely due to the efforts of Arnaldo Guinle. This innovator helped in the foundation of the Fluminense Football Club which, under his presidency, became the most modern sports association in Brazil and, as such, received the Olympic Cup awarded by the IOC in 1949. In addition he founded the Rio de Janeiro Yacht Club and introduced the boy scout movement to Brazil. João Havelange (Jean-Marie Faustin Godefroid) IOC member since 1963, President of the Fédération lnternationale de Football Association since 1974. Born on 8th May 1916 in Rio de Janeiro, Bachelor of Laws, lawyer and chairman of numerous companies, the most famous Brazilian sports leader was a natural sportsman: national and South American swimming and water polo champion, he took part in the Olympic Games in 1936 (swimming) and in 1952 (water polo). A member of the Brazilian Olympic Committee since 1956, he presided over the Brazilian Sports Confederation (CBD) from 1958 until his election in 1974 to the presidency of the Fédération lnternationale de Football Association, as a member of which he has shown remarkable energy and personality. 496
Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha Antonio dos Reis Carneiro IOC member in Brazil since 1963, mem- Secretary General of the COB since ber of the Executive Board since 1970, 1951, President of the Fédération Inter- Vice-President since 1975, President of nationale de Basketball from 1960 to the Brazilian Olympic Committee since 1964 after having been its Vice-Presi- 1963. dent since 1948. Born on 19th June Born on 5th June 1909 in Niteroy, in 1899, founder of the first basketball the province of Rio de Janeiro. Officer championship in Rio de Janeiro, President of the first Brazilian Basketball by career and sportsman by inclination: Olympic finalist in the 400 m Federation (1934), the mainspring of hurdles in 1936 (fifth), after having Brazilian Olympism for more than taken part in the 1932 Games,. South twenty-five years, Mr. A. dos Reis Carneiro continues to be one of the most American champion in the 110 m, 200 m and 400 m hurdles, in the 400 m, and active promoters of sport and the in the 4 X 100 m and 4 X 400 m relays, Olympic movement on the South American continent. which won him the Helms Trophy in 1939 for being the most outstanding athlete of the year on the South American continent. A physical education Raul de Rio Branco graduate of Springfield College (USA) and the Royal Institute of Physical IOC member from 1913 to 1938. Education in Stockholm (SWE), he was Brazilian Ambassador in Berne when Director General of the Department of he was elected to the IOC, he had been Physical and Sports Education of the an outstanding footballer before becoming a diplomat but kept a lively interest Province of Sao Paulo. He was President of the Organising Committee for in sport and devoted himself to its the IVth Pan-American Games (1963) development. and several times since 1948 took on the responsibilities of chef de mission of the Brazilian Olympic delegations. Dr. J. Ferreira Santos Antonio Prado, Jr. IOC member from 1938 to 1954. Founder of the Club Atlético Paulistano; the improvement in the technique of football in Brazil and the creation of the national federations of basketball, fencing and tennis are all due to him. He was a great cycling champion when cycling was in its infancy and among other things won the Paris to Deauville race behind motor bike in 1897. One of the promoters of the motor-car in his country, he was the first to accomplish the trip Sao Paulo-Santos (1908) and Sao Paulo-Curritiba (1913) during which Washington Luiz, President of the Republic from 1926 to 1930, was his co-driver. IOC member in Brazil from 1923, member of the Executive Board from 1960 until his death in 1962. President of the Paulista Athletics Association, he was Secretary General of the first Brazilian Olympic delegation at Antwerp in 1920. He was elected member of the IOC in 1923, while presiding over the Sao Paulo Corinthians Sports Club. He practised rowing, swimming and football. For a long time President of the Brazilian Olympic Committee (1951-1962), he presided over the Organising Committee for the IVth Pan-American Games which were to take place a little over a year after his death. 497