Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Sheraton Hotel, February 23 25, 215 Hydraulic Piston Pump Field Trial Kees Veeken, Sjoerd den Daas, Tim Ebare, Erik Riemsma, Bert Lugtmeier (Shell-NAM, NL) David Bolt, Travis Bolt (Cormorant Engineering, USA) Armand Vasseur (BakerHughes, NL)
Contents Business case Pump selection Surface and subsurface equipment Trial setup Trial results and discussion Permanent application Conclusions Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 2
Business Case Onshore gas asset features ~265 wells that will all (eventually) require deliquification Firm deliquification scope consists of combination of compression, velocity string and continuous foam But technical limit requires either pump, gas lift or plunger assisted intermittent gas lift (PAIGL) Gas lift (and PAIGL) can be applied where lift gas is available Other locations can benefit from pump, scope is inversely proportional to cost Currently 5-15 wells qualify for pump, actual numbers will depend on performance and reliability Carried out 2-week manned trial to prove performance Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 3
Pump Selection 25-35 m (8,-12, ft) 9-13 degc (2-27 degf) 55% 3.5, 45% 4.5 tubing 75% 2 m 3 /d (12 bpd) liquid (low CGR, condensed water only) no ESP, energy efficiency not important Need functioning master gate valves no BP or PCP Prefer minimum surface facilities no JP or SRP Selected Cormorant 1.5 action hydraulic piston pump: fits inside 4.5 tubing and delivers 2 m 3 /d from 3 m for 2+ years; very low energy efficiency Production Rate - BPD 1 8 6 4 2 TT SA SRP TC SA 1.5 1 2 3 4 Well Depth 1m DA 5 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 4
1.5 Action Hydraulic Piston Pump 3 OD hydraulic driven piston pump Deployed on 1-1/2 x 7/8 concentric coiled tubing (CCT), annulus contains hydraulic oil, inside contains produced liquid Hydraulic power is applied on both conduits Connector between CCT and pump features shear disconnect and force compensation Feb. 23-25, 215 Pump includes poor boy gas separator at bottom 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 5
Hydraulic Skid Surface System 2x 1 ft container Hydraulic skid delivers hydraulic pressure (up to 2 bar or 29 psi) to both hydraulic oil and produced liquid systems, and records pressures and volumes Water skid contains miniseparator and accumulator, and records gas/condensate level Modified to more stringent EU standards for pressure vessels, pipes and fittings, electronics etc. Water Skid Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 6
Trial Setup Pump installed at 32m (99 ) inside 5.5 completion, equipped with memory P/T gauges Power Hung off on CCT and operated via CCT for 12 days, pumping.5-1. m 3 /d (3-6 bpd) Liquid Gas Produced liquid and gas measured in well test separator, samples taken 5 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 7
Inject 1 m 3 water Inject 1 m 3 water Inject.5 m 3 water Cumulative Liquid (m 3 ) Gas Rate (e3 Nm 3 /d), BHP (bara) Start pumping Gas Production & BHP Gas production increased to 27, Nm 3 /d (95 Mscf/d) compared to normal 12, Nm 3 /d (42 Mscf/d, bubble flow), matched by memory BHP which shows liquid level dropping 7 Liquid Gas BHP 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 1. m 3 /d 3 2 1.5 m 3 /d A B C D 2 1 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 8
CITHP (barg) Pressure Build-Up (PBU) Surface PBU shows full unloading after 5 days pumping 4 PBU 27/5/214 11k PBU 9/8/214 32k PBU 18/8/214 18k PBU 31/8/14 23k 1d DP PBU 1/9/14 23k 2d DP PBU 7/9/14 27k 8d DP PBU 4/9/14 27k 5d DP 35 3 25 2 Liquid Column 15 1 5 25 5 75 1 SI Time (min) Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 9
BS&W, SG, ph/1 (-) Cumulative Liquid (m 3 ) Liquid Sampling B: pump stalls after 4 m 3 (25 bbl) cumulative liquid C: recovers after pumping ~.4 m 3 (2.5 bbl) condensate 1.2 BS&W SG ph/1 Liquid 6 1. 5.8.6 Liquid Column 4 3.4 2.2 A B C D. Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 1 1
BS&W, ph/1 (-) SG (-) Water Sampling Fresh water filling inner CT stagnant brine across bottom of wellbore produced fresh condensed water brine dumped in well 1.2 BS&W ph/1 SG 1.1 1. 1.75.8 1.5.6 1.25.4 1.2 A B C D..95 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 11.975
Hydrocarbon GC Analysis Wellbore contained contaminated (black) stripped condensate, which (temporarily) stalled pump Wellbore contained about 1 L of very fine metal debris probably suspended at interface, which caused (temporary) plugging of pump inlet Condensate 3-Sep-214 6-Sep-214 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 12
Reconstruction of Events B: pump stalls due to hydrocarbon and debris A B C D Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 13
Gas (Sm3) Gas Volume Gas volume produced is minimal and not responsible for pump stalling.5 Expected solution gas.2-.4 Sm 3 /m 3 (1.1-2.2 scf/bbl) Measured solution gas.1 Sm 3 /m 3 (.6 scf/bbl).4.3.2.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Liquid (m3) Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 14
1 36 71 16 141 176 211 246 281 316 351 386 421 456 491 526 561 596 631 666 71 736 771 86 841 876 Pressure (barg) Position (in.), Volume (L) Piston Pump Efficiency Piston displacement calculated from accumulator volume (Volume in chart) close to theoretical optimum 3 Oil Pressure Water Pressure Gas Separator Accumulator 3 25 Pump signature at.5 m 3 /d 9 cycles of 2.5L per hour 25 2 2 15 15 1 1 5 5 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 15
1 14 279 418 557 696 835 974 1113 1252 1391 153 1669 188 1947 286 2225 2364 253 2642 2781 292 359 3198 3337 3476 Pressure (barg) Position (in.), Volume (L) Liquid Volume Pumped Liquid production calculated from accumulator volume (Volume in chart) agrees with well test separator measurement 3 Oil Pressure Water Pressure Gas Separator Accumulator 3 25 25 2 2 15 15 1 1 5 5x 2.5L (.66 gal) = 12.5L (3.3 gal) Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 16 5
1 14 279 418 557 696 835 974 1113 1252 1391 153 1669 188 1947 286 2225 2364 253 2642 2781 292 359 3198 3337 3476 Pressure (barg) Position (in.), Volume (L) Gas Level Position? Vega radar level gauge (Position in chart) should indicate gas level in separator but in this case probably records hydrocarbon level instead 3 25 Oil Pressure Water Pressure Gas Separator Accumulator Dumping hydrocarbon 3 25 2 2 15 15 1 1 5 5 Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 17
Depth (m AHTBF) Flowing Pressure Gradient (FPG) FPG before shows liquid above perfs from loading FPG after shows liquid above perfs from holdup 5 1 15 FPG 3Aug14 25e3Nm3/d 3.9barg 2hrs FTHP~5 bara (73 psia) FPG 11Sep14 21e3Nm3/d 3.6barg BHP (bara) 5 1 15 2 25 Condensed water moves top to bottom Annulus is not dry! 2 25 A D Sign of plugging 3 Min BHP~12 bara (174 psia) Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 18 35
Trial Evaluation Excellent gas separation (and pump deep enough) Excellent surface monitoring of pump performance Excellent surface handling of produced fluid add radar detection of gas level in separator Maximum pumped capacity 1 m 3 /d (6 bpd), probably restricted by partial plugging of pump inlet, sufficient for this well Pump design did not allow unexpected amount of metal debris extend sump Pump design did not allow unexpected amount of (stripped) condensate increase produced liquid pressure Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 19
Permanent Installation Requires spool piece and special CCT hanger (Cameron) to maintain functioning master gate valves Requires SC-SSSV exemption Requires integration in unmanned surface facility and instrumentation Requires minor modifications of well and surface equipment Requires procedures for cutting CCT and connecting CCT to hanger Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 2
Conclusions Hydraulic piston pump trial provided confidence to proceed with permanent installation Pump trial revealed surprising amounts of contaminated stripped condensate and suspended metal debris Pump trial identified modifications required for pump and surface equipment Pump trial was too short to prove reliability Permanent installation will establish reliability and cost prior to deciding on deployment of pumps in other wells Feb. 23-25, 215 215 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop 21
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