PSIA-RM Development Pathway - Alpine Skiing Standards

Highlighted Skills PSIA-RM Development Pathway - Alpine Skiing Standards Fundamental Mechanics relative to the Skills Concept Pressure Control Rotational Control Edge Control Fore/Aft : Control the relationship of the Center of Mass to the base of to direct pressure along the length of the skis. Ski to Ski: Control pressure from ski to ski and direct pressure toward the. Overall Magnitude: Regulate the magnitude of pressure created through ski/snow interaction. Control the skis rotation (turning, pivoting, steering) with leg rotation, separate from the upper body. Control the angle of the ski to the snow through a combination of inclination and angulation. Skills - Highlighted In this section, candidates will demonstrate their ability to highlight Pressure Control, Rotary, or Edging skills within the context of a specific task. The tasks themselves are designed to highlight the desired skill. Each task should be used to assist the candidate in developing mastery of each of the components of the Skills Concept. Specific qualities of each tasks are outlined below. LEVEL I LEVEL II LEVEL III Level III candidates should be able to demonstrate accuracy of highlighted skill in any task. Highlighted skills are listed under each task Sideslips Linked Hockey Slips Linked Pivot Slips Rotational/Edge Control -Skis tip the same amount Rotational/ Pressure Control -Skis are turned 90 degrees into fall line, then turning stops Rotational/Pressure Control -Skis are turned simultaneously at a consistent rate Linked Backside Pivot Slips Rotational/Pressure Control -Skis are turned simultaneously at a consistent rate -Skis maintain parallel relationship -Uphill ski is ahead of downhill ski -Skis slip at a consistent rate -Skis straight run in line fall line then are turned 90 degrees out of fall line to complete 180 degree rotation -Pivot points are under center of each ski -Pivot points are under center of each ski -Pressure is directed toward the center of the skis -Pivot points are under center of each ski -Tails are turned downhill at -Pressure is directed toward the center of the skis -Pressure is directed toward the center of the skis -Slip is perpendicular to fall line

Highlighted Skills Tactics Body Performance Tactics Highlighted Skills Body Performance -Legs rotated under a stable pelvis and upper-body from feet and legs (angulation) -U/L Separation along with Flexion/Extension helps direct pressure toward dowhnill foot while slipping. -Pressure is directed towards the downhill foot while slipping -U/L Separation along with Flexion/Extension helps direct pressure toward dowhnill foot while -May slipping. be asked to demonstrate using extension, retration (flextion), or a combination (if used for PC) -Skis slip in fall line -Corridor is less than one cat -Pressure is directed towards the downhill foot while -Corridor slipping is less than one track cat track -Groomed blue -Groomed blue -Groomed or bumped. Varying pitches Guided Uphill Arc Straight Run to Hockey Stop Hop Turns Rotational/Edge Control Rotational/Pressure Control Rotational/Pressure Control -Skis turn the same amount -Skis run flat in fall line -Skis leave the ground at the same time -Turning comes from legs and upper body -Skier's rotation is "backside" -Pressure is directed towards the downhill foot while slipping -Corridor is less than one cat track Pivot Slip Leapers Rotational/Pressure Control -Skis slip at a constant rate through takeoff, at, and after landing -Skis turn progressively -Skis tip the same amount -Skis tip at the same time and rate -Skis bend from center throughout -Skis maintain a roughly parallel relationship through take off, rotation and landing -Both skis leave the ground at the same time -Skis rotate 90 degrees in the air -Skis tip progressively -Skis bend from center -Skis turn at same time and same rate until perpendicular to fall line -Pivot point is under the foot -Skis land in the Fall line -Skis are rotated 90 degrees on the ground in the same direction to complete 180 degree pivot -Tipping movements are continuous through arc Tipping movements come from feet and legs (angulation) -Joints flex roughly proportionately to keep center of mass over base of -Rotary movements come from legs under a stable pelvis and upper body from feet and legs (angulation) -Pressure is directed towards the downhill foot while slipping -Flexion extension movements are progressive and keep center of mass over base of -D.I.R.T changes relative to and slope of hill so that matching is natural -Extension movements are timed with release -U/L body separation and Flexion movements at finish phase facilitate balance towards the outside foot -Blocking pole plant may assist leg rotation -Legs realign to the pelvis through takeoff, legs continue to turn against pelvis after landing -Extension movements come from legs; intensity and rate facilitate take off -Flexion movements facilitate a controlled landing -Upper body remains stable during takeoff and landing -Blue -Groomed blue -fore/aft travel of the skis is minimal -Corridor is less than one cat track

Highlighted Skills Highlighted Skills Tactics Body Performance Carved Up Hill Arc Rail Road Track Turns One Foot Rail Road Tracks Switch Rail Road Tracks Edge/Pressure Control Edge/Pressure Control Edge/Pressure Control Edge/Pressure Control -Skis track two lines in snow in an arc -Tails follow tips to create carved ski performance -Tails follow tips to create carved ski performance -Tips follow tails to create carved ski performance -Skis tip for the same duration, rate, and time -Skis tip progressively -Skis bend from center from feet and legs -Tipping movements are continuous through arc -Joints flexed roughly proportionately to maintain center of mass over base of -Blue -Tracks are linked in both direction -Track is linked in both directions -Skis stay the same distance -Lifted ski remains apart relatively level to snow -Skis flatten and tip at the -Ski Tips Progressively same rate, time, and for same duration -Tipping movements are progressive -Corridor is fall line oriented, maximum of one cat track wide from feet and legs (primarily angulation) -Tipping movements are progressive -Tipping movements come from feet and legs (primarily angulation) -Corridor is fall line oriented, maximum of one cat track wide -Track is linked in both directions -Skis stay the same distance apart -Skis flatten and tip at the same rate, time, and for same duration -Corridor is fall line oriented, maximum of one cat track wide -May be groomed or variable -No pole touch is present -Green -Green Step Turn into the Fall Line -Green Skating Crab Walk Whitepass Turn Pressure/Rotational Control Edge/Pressure Control Edge/Pressure Control Pressure/Edge Control -Inside ski moves in direction of turn to create divergence -Outside ski is stepped to parallel -Maneuver starts perpendicular to fall line and finishes parallel to fall line -Ski is lifted parallel to the ground in each step from feet and legs (primarily angulation) movements are progressive and keep center of mass over base of -Pressure (and balance) moves from to - Ski pressured before being tipped to edge - Ski moves forward on to edge movements are progressive and keep center of mass over base of A Dynamic task with constant motion - NOT an edge-lock. -Inside ski is lifted in the finish phase and remains lifted at as it becomes the -Inside ski is relatively flat -Ski that is off the snow is relatively level to the snow without the tip or tail touching to assist in the turn -Outside ski is actively tipped to the inside edge Outside tail follows tip to create carved ski performance Outside ski progressively flattens as it travels closer to the inside ski from feet and legs (primarily angulation) -Over shoulder viewing can be over either shoulder at any time (one shoulder viewing is okay) -New is placed on the ground and pressured in the shaping phase -Transition (Finish/Initiation) is on one ski

Body Performance Highlighted Skills Highlighted Skills Tactics Body Performance -Skis are pressured from center when on the ground -Joints flex roughly proportionately to keep center of mass over base of -Angulation and flexion/extension movements directs pressure to the outside foot - Tipping movement come from the legs inder a stable upper body -Both knees, hips and ankles at are flexed -Outside foot is placed away from the body and outside leg is tipped inward -Ski(s) turn at a consistent rate through all three phases -Pressure is directed towards the through finish phase and remains balanced on the same ski through -Rotary movements come from legs under a stable pelvis and upper body -Weight moves from foot to foot through independent (differential) flexion of the legs - Both Ankles remain flexed throughout task - Extension of the outside (weighted) leg creates propulsion, flexion of the inside leg aids in movement to the. -Outside leg is most extended when ski is on highest edge angle -Outside leg is flexed as edge is decreased -CM tracks approximately 1 meter width sideways. (may be altered to accommodate task) -Outside leg is extended through shaping to direct pressure toward the outside ski -Gentle green -Tempo of movement from ski to ski and forward movement is consistant throughout -Cat track, beginner slope, or similar -Corridor is approximately one cat track wide -Green -Performance may be skidded or carved depending on and Outside Ski J-Turn Outside Ski Turn Outside Ski Turn Rotational/Pressure Control Pressure control Pressure control -Skis slide straight down the fall line -Outside ski is pressured through all turn phases -Outside ski is pressured through all turn phases -Skis turn at same time and rate -Outside ski leaves brushed track in snow -Outside ski leaves brushed track in snow -Skis continue to turn until they come to a stop -New inside ski is lifted during -New inside ski is lifted prior to edge change -Inside skii, excluding the ski tip, is lifted off snow after turning begins -Pressure is directed towards the through differential flexion of the legs under a stable upper body after turning begins -Inside ski, excluding the ski tip, is off snow from mid through mid completion -Flexion/extension of the outside leg, along with movements of UB shifts CM and directs pressure towards outside foot -Flexion of inside leg lifts foot off the snow -Inside ski is off snow through all turn phases -Inside ski is roughly parallel to snow surface -U/L body separation and Flexion/extension of outside leg/hip directs pressure and blanace towards the outside foot -Flexion of inside leg lifts foot off the snow

Highlighted Skiils Tactics Body Performance Tactics Highlighted Skills Body Performance -Very low angle beginner movements are progressive and keep center of mass over base of Rotational and edge control movements originate in the legs under a stable pelvis and upper body movements are progressive and keep center of mass over base of Rotational and edge control movements originate in the legs under a stable pelvis and upper body -Gentle green Straight Run in the Fall Line -Gentle green or flat blue -Gentle green or flat blue Pressure/Edge Control -Skis bend near center -Skis start and remain parallel -Skis remain flat, edges unengaged -Skis bend to the same degree -Joints flex proportionally to maintain COM over base of -Legs and upper body show no rotation -Feet remain consistent width -Equal leg length allows a 50/50 weight distribution -Easiest green groomed

Tactics Basic Blended Skills Body Performance Skills - Basic Blended In this section candidates will demonstrate their ability to demonstrate skill-to-skill relationships that create blended ski performances at slower s. Each 'blend' is designed to highlight the interrelationship of the three skills. When practicing or demonstrating candidates should focus on how the skills compliment each other to produce the desired result. LEVEL III LEVEL I LEVEL II Level III candidates should be able to demonstrate accuracy of highlighted skill in any task. Highlighted skills are listed under each task Wedge Turn Basic Parallel Short Radius Basic Parallel in Bumps Basic Parallel - Edge Change with Flexion -Ski tips are turned towards each other and skis are displaced slightly to create wedge relationship -Skis leave brushed tracks -Skis remain same distance apart -Skis remain in contact with snow -Skis tip and turn same amount through turn -Skis leave brushed, round tracks -Skis remain same distance apart -Skis bend from center -Skis tip and turn at same time and rate -Turn shape controls -Skis tip and turn at same time and rate -Both edges release at -Tips move downhill at - Skis leave a brushed, round track. -Pressure is directed toward -Skis turn at the same rate throughout the turn -Joints flex roughly proportionately to maintain center of mass over base of -Tipping comes from ankles and legs plus slight displacement of skis Legs are turned towards eachother and maintain consistent relationship througout turning -Pressure is directed toward -Legs turn consistently under a stable upper body from legs and are at the same rate/time -Both legs rotate at same rate -Pressure is directed toward -Flex and extension movements keep center of mass centered over base of fore/aft and laterally movements promote ski/snow contact -Tipping movements promote skidded platform -Subtle fore/aft adjustments -Legs turn consistently under keeps center of mass centered a stable upper body and promote appropriate over base of upper/lower body separation -Green -Pole plant is functional -Pole plant is complementary -Turn shape controls -Turn shape controls -Line choice promotes reasonably short turns and slow -Green or blue -Round bumped, pitch may vary -Subtle fore/aft adjustments keeps CM centered over base of -Knees and hips are most flexed at edge change from legs and are at the same rate/time - CM moves with, and only slightly inside tracks of skis -Pole plant is functional -Very similar ski performance, turn shape and size as Basic Parallel -Green or blue

Tactics Body Performance Basic Blended Skills Wedge Christie Wedge Christie Javelin Turns Stem Christie -Skis bend from center -Skis bend from center -Outside ski is pressured through all turn phases -Both edges released at -Tips move downhill at -Both edges released at -Tips move downhill at -Inside ski is lifted prior to the middle of shaping phase (before the fall line) -Forebody of steers under forbody of lifted inside ski through end of shaping and finish phases -Skis are pressured from center - New is turned and displaced to a converging relationship. - New outside/uphill ski is tipped to inside edge, while old downhill ski maintains inside edge. -Wedge is formed above the fall-line -Outside ski turns faster to fallline to create wedge -Outside ski leaves -Pressure and is transferred brushed track in the snow to following converging stem, -Skis are matched to parallel after the fall-line -Inside ski turns faster from fallline to create parallel relationship - Both skis turned and tipped same rate from matching, leaving brushed tracks -Joints flex roughly proportionately to maintain center of mass over base of -Subtle fore/aft and vertical adjustments keeps center of mass centered over base of -Angulation and flexion/extension movements directs pressure to the outside foot -Subtle fore/aft and vertical adjustments keeps center of mass centered over base of -Tipping comes from ankles and legs plus slight displacement of skis -Passive partial weight transfer due to forces in turn through the shaping phase -Outside leg rotates -Tipping movements are under a stable pelvis and sequential at, and upperbody at a consistent simultainius from fall-line rate throughout all turn through completion phases -Rotary movements come from legs under stable pelvis -Tipping and turning come from legs and are blended to guide skis onto edge -Inside foot and leg are aligned with the direction of the pelvis and upper body while the foot is lifted -Turing is sequential at, and simultanius after matching through completion -Upper and lower body separation is present through end of shaping and finish phases - U/L Seperation along with flexion/extension movements aid placing CM and directing pressure to -Turn shape controls -Turn shape controls -Turn shape controls - skis maintain contact with snow at all times -Green Terrain -Green Terrain -Green or easy blue -Green or blue

Basic Blended Skills Tactics Body Performance Basic Parallel in Ungroomed Terrain -Skis leave brushed tracks -Skis remain same distance apart -Skis tip and turn at same time and rate -Pressure is directed toward -Legs turn consistently under a stable upper body Short Basic Parallel -Skis leave brushed tracks -Skis remain same distance apart -Skis tip at same time and rate -Skis turn at same time and rate -Pole swing is functional -Legs turn at a consistent rate Reverse Javelin Turn -Pressure is shifted to prior to edge change and remains directed toward the outside ski through all turn phases -New inside ski is lifted when pressure is shifted to new -Inside ski tip is pointed roughy towards the shaping phase of the new turn -Tail of inside ski crosses tail of -Outside ski leaves brushed track in the snow -Angulation and flexion/extension movements directs pressure to the outside foot from legs and are at the same rate/time -Tipping movements come from legs and are at the same rate/time -Outside leg rotates under a stable pelvis and upperbody at a consistent rate throughout all turn phases -Both legs rotate at same rate -Subtle fore/aft adjustments keeps center of mass centered over base of -Inside foot and leg are aligned with the direction of the pelvis and upper body while the foot is lifted -Subtle fore/aft adjustments keeps center of mass centered over base of -Flexion of inside leg lifts foot off the snow -Pole plant is functional -Turn shape controls -Blue ungroomed -Corridor is aproximately one cat track wide -Turn shape controls -Green or easy blue

Applied Skills Body Performance Skills - Applied In this section candidates will demonstrate their ability to adapt skill-to-skill relationships and create blended ski performances for a tactical situation involving increased and challenges. Each task is designed to challenge interrelationship of the three skills from a tactical or perspective. When practicing or demonstrating these tasks candidates should focus on adjusting intent, line, and DIRT to maintain a complementary relationship between the skills. LEVEL III LEVEL I Basic Parallel on Groomed Terrain -Skis turn from center -Skis tip at same rate and time in most turns LEVEL II Dynamic Medium Radius Medium Turns Dynamic Short Radius -Skis change edges simultaneously at start of turn Level III candidates should be able to demonstrate accuracy of highlighted skill in any task. Highlighted skills are listed under each task -Same as Dynamic Medium plus -Skis bend most in shaping phase -Ski performance is carved as possible in shaping phase given, conditions, and ski design -Skis turn at same rate and time in most turns -Tipping is increased in shaping phase -Skis leave two lines in snow during shaping phase of turn -Skis send center of mass across the hill at least one meter -Outside ski bends more than the inside ski before the fall line in most turns -Skis begin to flatten in finish phase -Skis turn primarily by being tipped and bent -Skis remain same width apart -Both skis tip same amount throughout turn -Any rotation of the skis present is progressive -Skis are tipped before turned -Parallel skis with similar edge angles -Both skis engaged and bent in shaping phase -Joints flexed roughly proportionately to maintain center of mass over base of -Subtle fore/aft adjustments -Subtle fore/aft keeps center of mass centered adjustments keeps over base of center of mass centered over base of -Fore/aft pressure control is managed through proportional flex/extend of all joints -Functional stance width allows leg rotation -Tipping movements at originate in legs -Body moves forward at -Both legs rotate under the pelvis similar rate and time -Leg rotation is the primary rotary mechanism -Some inclination occurs during end of and shaping phase -Skis edged using lower legs AND inclination from a combination of inclination and angulation -Tipping movements originate in legs in most turns -Pressure is directed to before the fall line -Inclination decreases in finish phase -Legs rotate under stable pelvis and upper body -Inclination begins in phase -Inclination is increased in shaping phase -Active flexion/extension movements absorb/manage pressure and release -Inclination decreases in finish phase -Legs rotate under stable pelvis and upper body

Tactics Applied Skills Body Performance Tactics -Pole plant is functional -Pole plant is present -Pole plant is complementary -Turn shape controls -Groomed blue -Groomed, green, blue, or black -Groomed blue Terrain -Turn shape is consistent and controls Variable Terrain and Variable Terrain Variable Terrain Skiing Conditions Skiing -Skis turn from center -Skis maintain contact with the -Skis maintain contact snow when appropriate with the snow when appropriate -Skis tip at same rate and time in most turns -Skis turn at same rate and time in most turns -Functional stance width allows leg rotation -Skis bend from center in majority of turns -Skis tip simultaneously commensurate with -Skis twist from the center at the same time and rate movements allow absorption -Skis bend from center in majority of turns -Skis twist from the center at the same time and rate to match variations -Skis tip and release simultaneously commensurate with and allow the tips to move into the fall line -Flexion movements facilitate absorption and release at when appropriate -Center of mass is roughly centered over base of -Center of mass remains centered over base of -Extension movements allow shaping -Turning movements are -The duration, intensity predominantly from legs progressive, appropriate to the and rate of rotation are varied to accommodate high and fall line skiing -Consistent tempo (1 turn/sec ) -Turn shape and line controls -Groomed, green, blue, or black Short Swing Turns -Ski performance is steered through all phases creating a short, round turn shape -Tipping and turning are blended throughout all phases -Parallel skis with similar edge angles -Both skis engaged and bent in shaping phase -Fore/aft pressure control is managed through proportional flex/extend of all joints -Both legs rotate at a similar rate and time promarily from angulation allows for adequate pressure control -Tipping movements originate in leg under a stable upper body -The duration, intensity, and rate of tipping movements are varied -Tipping movements originate in lower leg under a stable upper body -Active flexion/extension movements absorb/manage pressure and -CoM takes a release direct path down the fall line -Turn shape controls -Pole plant is functional -Pole plant is complementary -Consistent tempo (1 turn/sec or less ) -Pole plant is present -Various turn sizes are present -Various turn sizes are present -Turn shape and line controls -May be small bumps or slightly rumpled snow -Ungroomed black -Ungroomed black or double black -Groomed, green, blue, or black -Turn shape and line controls

Tactics Applied Skills Applied Skills Body Performance Tactics Body Performance Bumps Performance Bumps Large Radius Bumps -Skis maintain contact with the -Skis maintain contact - Skis maintain contact with snow when appropriate with the snow when snow where appropriate -Skis bend from center in -Skis bend from center in -Skis bend from center in majority of turns majority of turns majority of turns. -Pivot point in roughly under -Pivot point in roughly - Pivot Point is roughly center of skis turn at the same under center of foot and under center, and Skis turn time and rate skis turn at the same time and rate to match variations at roughly same rate to create a relatively round turn. -Skis tip simultaneously commensurate with movements allow absorption -Center of mass remains centered over base of -Turning movements are progressive and appropriate to -Tipping movements originate in lower leg under a stable -Skis tip and release simultaneously commensurate with and allow the tips to move into the fall line -Flexion movements facilitate absorption and release at -Extension movements allow shaping -The duration, intensity and rate of rotation are varied to accommodate high and fall line skiing -The duration, intensity and rate of tipping movements are varied to accommodate high and fall line skiing - Skis tip and release simultaneously commensurate with and allow the tips to move into the fall line -Flexion/Extension movements aid in managing pressure in response to changes in. -The duration, intensity and rate of rotation are fairly consistent, shaping a relatively round turn, depending on demands of. -Tipping Movements come from a combination of angulation and inclination relative to desired degree of edge angles in skis. -Pole plant is functional -Turn shape and line controls -Pole plant is complementary -Turn shape and line controls - Pole swing aids in moving CM forward and across skis -Turn size and shape will vary based on conditions and demands of. -Blue or black bumps Dynamic Short Radius -Black or double black bumps -Blue-Black to Black, moderately formed bumps. -Skis remain same distance apart -Skis tip at same time and rate -Skis turn at same time and rate -Pole swing is functional -Legs turn at a consistent rate from legs and are at the same rate/time -Subtle fore/aft adjustments keeps center of mass centered over base of -Corridor is aproximately one cat track wide -Turn shape controls - Groomed blue