B727 Flight Planning Climb page 1. Climb Calculations General In this assignment you will learn how to assess the climb time, fuel burn off (kilograms), and nautical miles covered in the enroute climb from your departure airport. Points to note: Climb time, fuel burn, and distance covered will be greater in the following conditions. Hot ambient temperatures. High aircraft brake release weights (takeoff weight). Higher cruise altitudes. Abbreviations used: BRW is the brakes release weight (Takeoff weight). TopC is the Top of Climb (ie: start of the cruise zone). ETI is the planned estimated elapsed time interval, and is expressed in minutes. Kg is the fuel burnt in kilograms. ANM is the air nautical miles. All B727 manual distances are expressed in air nautical miles. GNM is ground nautical miles. This is the air nautical miles quoted in the planning manual, corrected for average head or tail wind affecting the flight during the climb. In head wind conditions the ANM will be There are 3 climb tables presented in the B727 planning manual. One for ISA conditions (page 2-8), one for ISA+10 (page 2-9), and one for ISA+20 conditions (page 2-10). There are occasions where you will need to practice your interpolation skills, extracting from say the ISA and ISA+10 tables to get data for ISA+7 for example. At times you will need to set out a four-way interpolation because of a BRW that is also between book values. Interpolate very accurately, as rounding up or down on weights or temperatures can cause significant degradation in accuracy. Extraction of climb data No. 1: Data given: BRW 76, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA. Wind NIL Cruise level FL330. Extract from B727 manual page 2-8. ISA Enter BRW Enter cruise level FL330 Climb time 76, 000 kg 21 min/2, 800 kg 130 anm 3 engine fuel burn off (FBO) Air nm in climb. GNM same in nil wind
B727 Flight Planning Climb page 2. Extraction of climb data No. 2: Data given: BRW 80, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA +10. Headwind component 60 kt Cruise level. Extract from B727 manual page 2-9. ISA+10 Enter BRW Enter cruise level Climb time 80, 000 kg 26 min/3, 250 kg 165 anm 3 engine fuel burn off (FBO) Air nm in climb. GNM same in nil wind With a head wind we will cover more air nm than GNM. It is GNM that is of interest to us. A 60 kt headwind component means that if we were in the climb for 60 minutes, the GNM would be 60 nm less than the air distance shown in the manual. We are infact only subjected to this wind for 26 minutes in this case, so the nav computer set-up would be as shown below. Step 1. Set wind component of 60 kt Step 2. Opposite 26 minutes read 26 nm. The ground nautical miles (GNM) covered in the climb would be 139 gnm (ie: 165 ANM - 26 nm). Net climb data is... 26 min/3250 kg/139 GNM
B727 Flight Planning Climb page 3. Extraction of climb data No. 3: Data given: BRW 84, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA +20. TAIL wind component 30 kt Cruise level FL290. Extract from B727 manual page 2-10. ISA+20 Enter BRW Enter cruise level FL290 Climb time 84, 000 kg 39 min/4, 400 kg 254 anm 3 engine fuel burn off (FBO) Air nm in climb. GNM same in nil wind With a TAIL wind we will cover less air nm than GNM. It is GNM that is of interest to us. A 30 kt tailwind component means that if we were in the climb for 60 minutes, the GNM would be 30 nm more than the air distance shown in the manual. We are infact only subjected to this wind for 39 minutes in this case, so the nav computer set-up would be as shown below. Step 1. Set wind component of 30 kt Step 2. Opposite 39 minutes read 19.5 nm. (Say 20 nm) The ground nautical miles (GNM) covered in the climb would be 274 gnm (ie: 254 ANM + 20 nm). Net climb data is... 39 min/4400 kg/274 GNM
B727 Flight Planning Climb page 4. Extraction of climb data No. 4: This time we must interpolate between the ISA page and the ISA+10 page to get data relating to ISA+5. Data given: BRW 72, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA +5. TAIL wind component 50 kt Cruise level FL330. Extract from B727 manual pages 2-8 (ISA) and 2-9 (ISA+10). ISA data ISA+10 data 72, 000 kg ISA+5 72, 000 kg FL290 19 min/2, 500 kg 116 anm 21 min/2, 675 kg 132 anm 23 min/2, 850 kg 148 anm Step 1. Set wind component of 50 kt Step 2. Opposite 21 minutes read 17.5 nm. (Say 18 nm) The ground nautical miles (GNM) covered in the climb would be 150 gnm (ie: 132 ANM + 18 nm). Net climb data is... 21 min/2675 kg/150 GNM
B727 Flight Planning Climb page 5. Extraction of climb data No. 5: This time we must interpolate between the ISA+10 page and the ISA+20 page to get data relating to ISA+15. Data given: BRW 68, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA +15. HEAD wind component 45 kt Cruise level FL350. Extract from B727 manual pages 2-9 (ISA+10) and 2-10 (ISA+20). ISA+10 data ISA+20 data 68, 000 kg ISA+15 68, 000 kg FL350 23 min/2, 750 kg 149 anm 27 min/3, 050 kg 180 anm 31 min/3, 350 kg 211 anm Step 1. Set wind component of 45 kt Step 2. Opposite 27 minutes read 20 nm. The ground nautical miles (GNM) covered in the climb would be 160 gnm (ie: 180 ANM - 20 nm). Net climb data is... 27 min/3050 kg/160 GNM
B727 Flight Planning Climb page 6. Extraction of climb data No. 6: This time we must undertake a four way interpolation. To do this we need 4 sets of data, and we will calculate the data required in the centre of the data sheet. See below! Data given: BRW 78, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA +5. HEAD wind component 24 kt Cruise level. Extract from B727 manual pages 2-8 (ISA) and 2-9 (ISA+10). ISA +10 data ISA data 80, 000 kg 78, 000 kg 76, 000 kg 21 min/2, 850 kg 126 anm 20 min/2700 kg 120 anm 19 min/2, 550 kg 113 anm ISA+5 22.25 min/2900 kg 138 anm 26 min/3, 250 kg 165 anm 24.5 min/3100 kg 156 anm 23 min/2, 950 kg 146 anm Step 1. Set wind component of 24 kt Step 2. Opposite 22.25 minutes read 9 nm. The ground nautical miles (GNM) covered in the climb would be 129 gnm (ie: 138 ANM - 9 nm). Net climb data is... 22.25 min/2900 kg/129 GNM
B727 Flight Planning Climb page 7. Extraction of climb data No. 7: Data given: BRW 75, 000 kg. Average temperature in climb is ISA +8. HEAD wind component 36 kt Cruise level FL280. Extract from B727 manual pages 2-8 (ISA) and 2-9 (ISA+10). 76, 000 kg 75, 000 kg 72, 000 kg FL280 16 min/2, 350 kg 94 anm 15.75 min/2300 kg 15 min/2, 150 kg 86 anm Page 2-8 ISA FL280 ISA+8 18.75 min/2530 kg 112 anm FL280 20 min/2, 650 kg 120 anm 19.5 min/2588 kg 117 anm 18 min/2, 400 kg 108 anm Page 2-9 ISA+10 Step 1. Set wind component of 36 kt Step 2. Opposite 18.75 minutes read 11 nm. The ground nautical miles (GNM) covered in the climb would be 101 gnm (ie: 112 ANM - 11 nm). Net climb data is... 18.75 min/2530 kg/101 GNM Now attempt climb assignments 1 to 6.