Florida Association for Search and Rescue Resource Typing for Search and Rescue and Technical Rescue Resources January 2006 Florida Fire Chiefs Association 880 Airport Road, Suite 110 Ormond Beach, Florida 32174 Phone (386) 676-2744 - Fax (386) 676-5490 www.ffca.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS PURPOSE 3 KEY CONCEPTS OF THE FASAR TYPING POLICY 3 COORDINATION OF FASAR TYPING POLICIES 3 ACTIVATION 3 PERFORMANCE COMPETENCIES 3 PERFORMANCE COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS 4 A. Wilderness Search and Rescue Personnel 4 B. USAR & Tech Rescue Components for Collapse Rescue 5 1. FEMA USAR Task Forces 5 2. Florida Specific USAR Units 5 a) Full USAR Task Force 5 b) Intermediate USAR Task Forces 5 c) Light Task Force 6 C. Air Rescue Personnel 6 D. Technical Rescue Teams 6 7 A. Search and Rescue Area Definitions 7 B. USAR Resource Typing Chart 7 C. Technical Rescue Team Typing 8 D. Surface Water Rescue 8 E. Wilderness Search and Rescue Typing Criteria 9 1. Personnel 9 2. Wilderness Search and Rescue Asset Types 9 ANNEX A USAR & TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM CAPABILITIES AND STAFFING 10 ANNEX B LEVELS OF USAR OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY 14 ANNEX C GENERAL TYPES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 15 ANNEX D MINIMUM TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 16 ANNEX E ADDITIONAL USAR RESOURCES 22 ANNEX F EQUIPMENT LISTS 23 ANNEX G SEARCH AND RESCUE TECHNICIAN, TYPE I 24 ANNEX H SEARCH AND RESCUE TECHNICIAN, TYPE II 26 ANNEX I TYPE III CANINE EVALUATION CRITERIA 29 2 of 36
Purpose The purpose of this document is to define the minimum criteria of the resources needed to mitigate local emergencies that involve: heavy industrial or vehicle extrication, confined spaces, life safety rope rescues, trench/excavation or structural collapse. The Florida Association for Search and Rescue created the Typing Policy to provide for the systematic mobilization, deployment, organization, and management of SAR & Technical Rescue resources throughout Florida, and the Nation, in assisting local agencies in mitigating the effects of emergencies and disaster. Key Concepts of the FASAR Typing Policy The FASAR Typing Policy is directed towards enhancing SAR & Technical Rescue response at the local, county, and state level of government by: 1. Providing a mechanism for the evaluation of non-fire service SAR & Technical Rescue resources in the State of Florida. 2. Providing a mechanism for funding of training and evaluation of SAR & Technical Rescue responders to augment existing resources. 3. Pre-determining resource capabilities at the local, county, and state levels. 4. Integrating non-fire service resources into the planning and response phases of Emergency Management systems at the county and state level. Coordination of FASAR Typing Policies The coordination of the FASAR Typing Policies, including its development, revision, distribution, training and implementation is the responsibility of the Florida Association for Search and Rescue. The FASAR Resource Task Force will oversee this process. The committee will be composed of the following: FASAR Council Members FFCA BOD Liaison DEM Liaison Florida Division of State Fire Marshal Liaison Activation SAR resources are activated via the FFCA Statewide Emergency Response Plan (SERP). Performance Competencies This document meets or exceeds the following performance competency/assessment criteria: A. NFPA 1670 Standards on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents 2004 Edition. * B. NFPA 1006 Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications 2003 Edition. * C. FEMA USAR Response System Marking System for Building, Search and Victim Location. D. ASTM F 1584-95 Standard Practice for Marking Buildings During Disaster Search Operations. E. ASTM F 1633-97 Standard Guide for Techniques in Land Search. 3 of 36
F. ASTM F 1846-98 Standard Practice for Symbols and Markings for Use with Land Search Maps. G. ASTM F1847-98 Standard Guide for Demonstrating Minimum Skills of Search and Rescue Dog and Handlers. H. ASTM F 1848-98 Standard Classification for Search Dog Crew/Teams. I. ASMT F 1879-98 Standard Guide for Demonstrating Obedience and Agility in Search and Rescue Dogs. J. ASTM 1933-99 Standard Classification of Human Search and Rescue Resources. K. California Office of Emergency Services Urban Search and Rescue Operational System Description 1995 Edition. *References NFPA 1500 (safety) Performance Competency Assessment Instruments A. Wilderness Search and Rescue Personnel 1. The NASAR SAR Tech I Evaluation/Certification will be the assessment instrument for Type I resources. 2. NASAR SAR Tech II Evaluation/Certification will be the assessment instrument for Type II resources. 3. NASAR K9 SAR Tech Evaluation/Certification will be the assessment instrument for Type I resources. B. USAR & Technical Rescue Team Components for Collapse Rescue Urban Search and Rescue Teams are capable of conducting search and rescue operations at incidents where technical expertise and equipment are required. These organizational units are designed to provide supervision and control of essential functions at incidents where technical rescue expertise and equipment are required for safe and effective rescue operations. USAR incidents can be caused by a variety of events such as tornadoes, acts of terrorism, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes that cause wide spread damage to a variety of structures and entrap hundreds of people. Technical Rescue incidents can range from transportation accidents with victims, high angle rescue, industrial machinery rescue, trench rescue, and confined space rescue operations involving only a few victims. USAR & Technical Rescue operations are unique in that specialized training and equipment are required to mitigate the incident in the safest and most efficient manner possible. USAR or Technical Rescue incidents may occur that will require rescue operations that exceed an area s identified capability. When the magnitude or type of incident is not commensurate with a capability level, the Incident Commander will have the flexibility to conduct rescue operations in a safe and appropriate manner using existing resources within the scope of their training and equipment until adequate resources can be obtained or the incident is terminated. Due to these unique hazards and the complexity of collapse rescue incidents the Incident Commander may need to request a wide variety and amount of multi-disciplinary resources. USAR & Technical Rescue units have been categorized or typed. Typing is based on an identified operational capability. Four levels of USAR operational capability have been identified to assist Incident Command in requesting appropriate resources for the incident. These levels are based on four general construction categories and related 4 of 36
incidents the rescuer may encounter, and identifies minimum training and equipment required for safe and effective rescue operations in these situations. 1. FEMA USAR Task Forces a) FASAR recognizes that the State of Florida already statutorily identifies FEMA Urban Search and Rescue teams as a search and rescue resource. By virtue of their designation as a FEMA US&R team, team personnel have already met the performance competencies required by FEMA; further, resource typing and call out protocol already exist. 2. Florida Specific USAR Units a) Type I - Full Task Force A State of Florida asset made up of local responders and with the personnel, equipment and training equivalent to a FEMA Task Force. This unit is capable of twenty-four hour operations for a minimum of five days without the need for outside resources. One Full Task Force may be divided into two Intermediate Task Forces. b) Type II - Intermediate Task Force - A State of Florida asset made up of local responders equivalent to half of a Full Task Force. This unit is capable of twelve hour operations for a minimum of five days without the need for outside resources. This resource will provide a scaled down version of a full Task Force and will be able to handle some collapse incidents without the need for additional assistance. Two Intermediate USAR Task Forces can be added together to form the equivalent of a Full Task Force or divided to make two Light Task Forces. c) Type III - Light Task Force - A State of Florida asset made up of local responders equivalent to a third of a Full Task Force. This unit is capable of twelve hour operations for a minimum of five days with logistical assistance from a Type I or II task force. This resource will provide a scaled down version of an Intermediate Task Force and will be able to handle basic collapse incidents with the need for minimal assistance. Two Light Task Forces can be added together to form the equivalent of an Intermediate Task Force. C. Air Rescue Personnel 1. The Civil Air Patrol has been identified by Florida Statute as the air search and rescue resource for the state. 2. CAP has its own resource typing system, as well as its own performance competency evaluation process. 5 of 36
D. Technical Rescue Teams Per NFPA 1670 Chapter 2 1.3 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall establish operational procedures to ensure that technical rescue operations are performed in a safe manner consistent with the identified level of operational capability. In addition, the same techniques used in a rescue operation shall be considered appropriate for training, body recovery, evidence search, and other operations with a level of urgency commensurate with the risk/benefit analysis. a) Type I - Heavy Technical Rescue Team The Heavy Non-USAR Technical Rescue Team represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective technical rescue operations at the technician level. These incidents may involve: heavy, industrial, or vehicle extrication, life safety rope rescue, confined spaces, trench/excavation or structural collapse. b) Type II - Light Technical Rescue Team The Light Non-USAR Technical Rescue Team represents the minimum capability to be competent in safe and effective technical rescue operations at the operations level. These incidents may involve: heavy, industrial, or vehicle extrication, life safety rope rescue, confined spaces, trench/excavation or structural collapse. 6 of 36
Resource Typing A. Search and Rescue Area Definitions Search and rescue is an area specific specialty. The type of area to be searched dictates the kind and type of resource to be utilized. a) Zone A (Urban Area) - Generally areas with high-density population and buildings of light, medium and heavy construction b) Zone B (Interface Area) - Generally the rural interface and intermix. Single family residential areas with light and medium construction c) Zone C (Rural area) - Generally sparsely populated rural areas with residential structures B. USAR Resource Typing Chart Resource USAR TEAMS Florida Type TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III NIMS Typing Type I US&R Task Force Type III US&R Task Force Florida Designation Incident Type Type I Collapse Search and Rescue Team FULL TASK FORCE INTERMEDIATE TASK FORCE LIGHT TASK FORCE Structural collapse, collapse situations including light frame, heavy wall, heavy floor and precast concrete construction Structural collapse, collapse situations including light frame, heavy wall, heavy floor and precast concrete construction Structural collapse, collapse situations including light frame, heavy wall, heavy floor and precast concrete construction Minimum Staffing 70 35 22 Max Time to Initial Response < 1 hr < ½ hr < ½ hr Max Time to Full Response < 6 hrs < 6 hrs < 3 hrs Capable of sustained heavy 24-hour operations; Selfsufficient for first five days sufficient for first five days 12-24 hour operations; Self- Operational Period operations for 18-24 hours; Selfsufficient for 72 hours Response Type Regional, State, Federal Regional, State, Federal Local, Regional, State Training NFPA 1670 Technician: Structural Collapse, Rope Rescue, Confined Space, Vehicle and Machinery, Trench and Excavation; NFPA 1670 *Operations: Water, Wilderness SAR NFPA 1670 Technician: Structural Collapse, Rope Rescue, Confined Space, Vehicle and Machinery, Trench and Excavation; NFPA 1670 *Operations: Water, Wilderness SAR Equipment Enhanced FEMA US&R Cache Partial FEMA US&R Cache *Recommended NFPA 1670 Technician: Structural Collapse, Rope Rescue, Confined Space, Vehicle and Machinery, Trench and Excavation; NFPA 1670 *Operations: Water, Wilderness SAR Intermediate Cache based on mission 7 of 36
The type of resource requested should be driven by the debris description listed in the Annex. a) Annex A: USAR & Technical Rescue Team Capabilities and Staffing b) Annex B: Levels of USAR Operational Capability c) Annex C: General Types of Building Construction d) Annex D: Minimum Training e) Annex E: Additional USAR Resources f) Annex F: Levels of Wilderness Search and Rescue Technicians (SAR Tech s) g) Annex G: Search and Rescue Technician, Type I h) Annex H: Search and Rescue Technician, Type II i) Annex I: Type III Canine Evaluation Criteria C. Technical Rescue Team Typing Resource TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAMS Florida Type TYPE I TYPE II NIMS Typing Type II Collapse Search and Rescue Team Type III Collapse Search and Rescue Team Florida Designation HEAVY TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM LIGHT TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM Incident Type Heavy, Industrial, Vehicle Extrication, Life safety rope rescue, confined space, trench/excavation Structural collapse, collapse situations including light frame, light wall, light floor and unreinforced concrete construction Minimum Staffing 8 6 Max Time to Initial Immediate Immediate Response Max Time to Full Response Operational Period N/A Medium operations for 4-8 hours; Typically require assistance from additional team for sustained operations N/A Light operations for 6-12 hours; Typically require assistance from additional team for sustained 12-hour operations Response Type Local or Regional Local Training NFPA 1670 Technician: Structural Collapse, Rope Rescue, Confined Space, Vehicle and Machinery, Trench and Excavation *Awareness: Water, Wilderness SAR NFPA 1670 Operations: Structural Collapse, Rope Rescue, Confined Space, Vehicle and Machinery, Trench and Excavation; NFPA 1670 *Awareness: Water, Wilderness SAR Equipment Cache based on mission and the USAR caches Basic cache needed for operational level *Recommended D. Surface Water Rescue Team Typing Resource Minimum Components Radio Components Type I Call Type II TYPE III TYPE IV Technician NIMS Typing I II Surf Surf Equipment Rescue Rescue Personnel Team 14 N/A N/A N/A Moving Water Rescue Team Water Rescue Equipment Personnel 14 N/A N/A N/A 8 of 36
E. Wilderness Search and Rescue Typing Criteria 1. Personnel All three resource types must have: Communications training, Medical First Responder, current CPR card (must include adult, child, infant, obstructed airway and adult, child, infant CPR), HazMat Awareness (4 Hours), and OSHA Confined Space Awareness. a) Type III personnel would be those individuals who have acquired some of the deployment criteria, or who have all of them but have not been certified. SAR Technician Criteria Type I Type II Type III Incident Command (I-300) (I 200) (I 200) Demonstrates proficiency in criteria set forth in ASTM F 1633-97, ASTM F 1846-98, and ASTM F 1933-99 by achieving the certification level noted. NASAR SAR Tech I with pack NASAR SAR Tech II with pack SAR Canine Resource Criteria Type I Type II Type III Incident Command (I-300) (I 200) (I 200) Wilderness Zone C Area search less than 140 acres NASAR NASAR Area search greater than 140 acres NASAR Trailing with track less than 12 hours old NASAR NASAR Trailing with track more than 12 hours old NASAR Interface Zone B Collapse less than 2,500 square feet FEMA FEMA NASAR Collapse 2,500 to 5,000 square feet FEMA FEMA Urban Zone A Collapse 2,500 to 5,000 square feet FEMA FEMA Collapse more than 5,000 square feet FEMA 2. Wilderness Search and Rescue Asset Types: Resource Element Type I SAR Unit Crew 5 1 Crew Leader 1 Comm./Nav. 1 Support 1 Canine* 1 Handler* *The terms Canine and Handler are also exchangeable with the terms Equine Unit, ATV Unit, Mantracking Unit. N/A 9 of 36
ANNEX A Operational Concept USAR & TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM CAPABILITIES AND STAFFING A. The primary response contingent will consist of the personnel indicated for the type of resource (see the Typing info above). The appropriate equipment will be responded in accordance with the typing. Regional USAR and Technical Rescue Team Response Staffing A. The participating USAR agencies will maintain the capability of deploying resources depending on the reported magnitude of the incident and the Type of team they support. The inability of any agency to provide their contingent of personnel will be accommodated as possible by the other agencies. The Urban Search and Rescue Response System Field Operations Guide will be referenced for position descriptions. 10 of 36
Light Task Force Type III A Light Task Force deployment for a Collapse Incident will consist of a minimum of 22 personnel capable of working for up to twelve hours. Up to five additional personnel may be included for ground support requirements. A Light Task Force will typically require relief/assistance from an intermediate or full task force for twenty-four hour operations. Task Force Leader Safety Officer Structural Specialist Rescue Team Manager Rescue Officer Rescue Officer Logistics Specialist (2) Rescue Specialist (4) Rescue Specialist (4) Medical Specialist Medical Specialist Tech Search Specialist Tech Search Specialist Canine Search Specialist Canine Search Specialist 1 - Task Force Leader 1 - Safety Officer 1- Medical Team Manager (Doctor on-line) 1 - Rescue Team Manager 2 - Medical Specialists 2 - Logistics Specialists 1 - Structural Specialists 2 - Rescue Officers 8 - Rescue Specialists* 2 - Technical Search Specialists 2 - Canine Search Specialists w/canines (FEMA Basic Minimum Evaluation) *3 of which are HazMat Specialist Qualified 11 of 36
INTERMEDIATE USAR TASK FORCE TYPE II An Intermediate USAR Task Force will consist of a minimum of 35 personnel capable of working for twelve hours. Up to five additional personnel may be included for ground support requirements. Intermediate teams will typically require co-deployment full task force or another intermediate task force for twenty-four hour operations. Task Force Leader (1) Safety Officer (1) Search/Rescue Manager (2) Planning Manager (1) Logistics Manager (1) Medical Team Manager (1) HazMat Manager (1) Canine Search (2) Logistics Specialist (2) SAR Teams (3) Each Team includes the following: SAR Officer (1) Search Specialist (1) Rescue Specialist (3)* Medical Specialist (1) Communications Specialist (1) Ground Support (5) Structures Specialist (2) Heavy Rigging Specialist (1) 1 - Task Force Leader 1 - Safety Officer 1- Medical Team Manager (Doctor) 2 - Search/Rescue Manager 1 - Planning Manager 1 - HazMat Manager 1 - Logistics Manager 1 - Tech Info Specialist 1 - Communications Specialist 1 - Heavy Rigging Specialists 2 - Structural Specialists 3 - Medical Specialists 2 - Logistics Specialists 3 - Rescue Officers 9 - Rescue Specialists* 3 - Technical Search Specialists 2 - Canine Search Specialists w/canines (FEMA Basic Minimum Evaluation) *6 of which are cross trained Rescue/HazMat Specialists 12 of 36
FULL USAR TASK FORCE TYPE I A Task Force Deployment will consist of a minimum of 70 personnel. Up to ten additional personnel may be included for ground support requirements. The staffing for each twelve hour shift of personnel is a minimum of 35 personnel as illustrated below: Safety Officer (1) Task Force Leader (2) Search/Rescue Manager (4) Planning Manager (2) Logistics Manager (2) Medical Team Manager (2) HazMat Manager (2) Canine Search (4) Tech Info Specialist (2) Logistics Specialist (4) HazMat Specialist (6)* SAR Teams (5) Each Team includes the following: SAR Officer (1) Search Specialist (1) Rescue Specialist (3)* Medical Specialist (1) Communications Specialist (2) Ground Support (10) Structures Specialist (4) Heavy Rigging Specialist (2) 2 - Task Force Leader 2 - Safety Officer 2 - Medical Team Manager (Doctor) 4 - Search/Rescue Manager 2 - Planning Manager 2 - HazMat Manager 2 - Logistics Manager 2 - Tech Info Specialist 6 - HazMat Specialist 2 - Communications Specialist 2 - Heavy Rigging Specialists 4 - Structural Specialist 5 - Medical Specialists 4 - Logistics Specialists 5 - Rescue Officers 15 - Rescue Specialists* 5 - Technical Search Specialists 4 - Canine Search Specialists w/canines (FEMA Basic Minimum Evaluation) *10 of which are cross trained Rescue/HazMat Specialists 13 of 36
ANNEX-B 1. URBAN SEARCH AND RESCUE (USAR) A. Full Task Force (Type I) LEVELS OF OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY The full task force level represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective sustained twenty four hour search and rescue operations at structure collapse incidents involving the collapse or failure of reinforced concrete or steel frame construction and Confined Space Rescue operations. The operational period is considered to be 24 hours without support. B. Intermediate Task Force (Type II) This level represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective search and rescue operations at structure collapse incidents. Personnel at this level shall be competent at rescue that involves the collapse or failure of reinforced concrete or steel frame construction. The operational period is considered to be 12 24 hours without support. C. Light Task Force (Type III) This level represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective search and rescue operations at structure collapse incidents. Personnel at this level shall be competent at rescue that involves the collapse or failure of light frame construction. The operational period is considered to be 12 hours without support. 2. TECHNICAL RESCUE A. Heavy Technical Rescue Team (Type I) The Heavy Technical Rescue Team represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective technical rescue operations at the technician level. These incidents may involve: heavy, industrial, or vehicle extrication, life safety rope rescue, confined spaces, trench/excavation or structural collapse. B. Light Technical Rescue Team (Type II) The Light Technical Rescue Team represents the minimum capability to be competent in safe and effective technical rescue operations at the operations level. These incidents may involve: heavy, industrial, or vehicle extrication, life safety rope rescue, confined spaces, trench/excavation or structural collapse. ANNEX-C 14 of 36
GENERAL TYPES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION The construction types and occupancy usage of various structures may require the utilization of a variety of different techniques and materials. The four general construction categories the rescuer will most likely encounter in collapse situations are light frame, heavy wall, heavy floor and pre-cast concrete construction. These four general classifications of construction usually comprise the majority of structures affected by collapse and failure. Light Frame Construction (Type 4) Materials used for construction are generally lightweight and provide a high degree of structural flexibility to applied forces such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, etc. These structures are typically constructed with a skeletal structural frame system of wood or light gage steel components, which provide support to the floor or roof assemblies. Examples of this construction type are wood frame structures used for residential, multiple low rise occupancies and light commercial occupancies up to four stories in height. Light gage steel frame buildings include commercial business and light manufacturing occupancies and facilities. Heavy Wall Construction (Type 3) Materials used for construction are generally heavy and utilize an interdependent structural or monolithic system. These types of materials and their assemblies tend to make the structural system inherently rigid. This construction type is usually built without a skeletal structural frame. It utilizes a heavy wall support and assembly system to provide support for the floors and roof assemblies. Occupancies utilizing tilt-up concrete construction are typically one to three stories in height and consist of multiple monolithic concrete wall panel assemblies. They also use an interdependent girder, column and beam system for providing lateral wall support of floor and roof assemblies. Other examples of this type of construction type include: reinforced and unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings typically of low rise construction, one to six stories in height, of any type of occupancy. Heavy Floor Construction (Type 2) Structures of this type are built utilizing cast-in-place concrete construction consisting of flat slab panel, waffle or two-way concrete slab assemblies. Pre-tensioned or post-tensioned reinforcing steel rebar or cable systems are common components for structural integrity. The vertical structural supports include integrated concrete columns, concrete enclosed or steel frame, which carry the load of all floor and roof assemblies. This type includes heavy timber construction that may use steel rods for reinforcing. Examples of this type of construction Include: offices, schools, apartments, hospitals, parking structures and multi-purpose facilities. Common heights vary from single story to high-rise structures. Pre-cast Construction (Type 1) Structures of this type are built utilizing modular pre-cast concrete components that include floors, walls, columns and other sub-components that are field connected upon placement on site. Individual concrete components utilize imbedded steel reinforcing rods and welded wire mesh for structural Integrity and may have either steel beam, or column or concrete framing systems utilized for the overall structural assembly and building enclosure. These structures rely on single or multi-point connections for floor and wall enclosure assembly and are a safety and operational concern during collapse operations. Examples of this type of construction: commercial, mercantile, office and multi-use or multi-function structures including parking structures and large occupancy facilities. 15 of 36
ANNEX-D MINIMUM TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 1. URBAN SEARCH AND RESCUE (USAR) Heavy USAR Team (Type III) The Heavy USAR Team represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective technical rescue operations at structure collapse, and trench and excavation incidents basic rope rescue, confined space, and vehicle and machinery operations. Personnel shall meet all the Operations level training requirements listed for Light USAR Team resources. In addition, personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at the incidents stated previously. Personnel shall be trained to recognize the unique hazards associated with the structural collapse. Personnel shall have a working knowledge of the resources and procedures for performing technical rescue operations. Personnel shall have a working knowledge of the resources and procedures for performing search operations intended to locate victims who are not readily visible and who are trapped inside and beneath debris of light frame construction. Personnel shall be trained in the procedures for performing access operations intended to reach victims trapped inside and beneath debris associated with light frame construction. Personnel shall be trained in the procedures for performing extrication operations Involving packaging, treating and removing victims trapped inside and beneath debris associated with light frame construction. Training for the Heavy USAR Team will at a minimum include the following: A) Type III resources are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Technician Level in the following areas: Structural Collapse Rope Rescue Confined Space Vehicle and Machinery Trench and Excavation B) It is recommended that Type III resources meet the Operations requirements for the following: Water Wilderness Search and Rescue 16 of 36
Intermediate Task Force (Type II) All personnel shall meet the Operations level training requirements listed for Type 4 resources. In addition, personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at structural collapse incidents Involving the collapse or failure of reinforced and unreinforced masonry (URM), concrete tilt-up and heavy timber construction. A) Type II resources are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Technician Level in the following areas: Structural Collapse Rope Rescue Confined Space Vehicle and Machinery Trench and Excavation B) It is recommended that Type II resources meet the Operations requirements for the following: Water Wilderness Search and Rescue Full Task Force Level (Type I) All personnel shall meet the Operations level training requirements listed for Type IV resources. In addition, personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at structural collapse incidents Involving the collapse or failure of reinforced concrete or steel frame construction and confined space rescue. A) Type I resources are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Technician Level in the following areas: Structural Collapse Rope Rescue Confined Space Vehicle and Machinery Trench and Excavation B) It is recommended that Type I resources meet the Operations requirements for the following: Water Wilderness Search and Rescue 17 of 36
Canine Search Specialist (Handler) All canine personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at structural collapse incidents Involving the collapse or failure of reinforced concrete or steel frame construction and confined space rescue. In addition, all canine personnel are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Awareness Level in the following areas: Structural Collapse Vehicle and Machinery Trench and Excavation K-9 Down Training Rope Rescue Confined Space Water Wilderness Search and Rescue Structural Engineer (Structural Specialists) All USAR Task Forces should strive to have a minimum of three Structural Specialists (StS) per deployable position. Additional structural engineers may be ordered through normal Mutual Aid request procedures. All StS shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at structural collapse incidents Involving the collapse or failure of reinforced concrete or steel frame construction and confined space rescue. All StS shall at minimum be qualified to sit for the State Certification for Structural Engineer and complete the FEMA Structural Specialist Course. In addition, all StS are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Operations Level in the following areas: Structural Collapse Vehicle and Machinery Trench and Excavation Rope Rescue Confined Space In addition, all canine personnel shall meet the Awareness level training requirements listed below: Water Wilderness Search and Rescue Medical Specialist All Medical Specialist personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at structural collapse incidents Involving the collapse or failure of reinforced concrete or steel frame construction and 18 of 36
confined space rescue. Medical Specialists shall meet all of the requirements for the level of team they will deploy with in addition to the following: Type III: USAR Medical Technician Active EMT-P 40 hrs USAR Medical Technician course Safety Officer 16 hrs Trauma (BTLS, PHTLS) 1670 Operations levels excluding water and wilderness Hazmat Operations Level Basic Canine Care incorporate into the 24 hrs Type I & II: USAR Medical Specialist Active EMT-P 40 hr USAR Medical Specialist course (FEMA) 16 hr K-9 down training incorporated into 40 hr course 16 hrs Trauma (BTLS, PHTLS) 1670 Operations levels excluding water and wilderness Hazmat Operations level Include safety officer Include 1 physician for Type II, 2 physicians for Type I 2. TECHNICAL RESCUE Light Technical Rescue Team (Type II) The Light TRT represents the minimum capability to be competent in safe and effective technical rescue operations. Personnel at this level shall be proficient in technical rescue incidents involving minor structural collapse, rope rescue, confined space, and vehicle and machinery operations at the Operations Level. Structural Collapse Rescue operations would include removal of victims from under furniture, appliances, and the surface of a debris pile. Training for the Light TRT will at a minimum include the following: A) Type II resources are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Operations Level in the following areas: Structural Collapse Rope Rescue Confined Space Vehicle and Machinery Trench and Excavation B) It is recommended that Type II resources meet the Awareness requirements for the following: Water Wilderness Search and Rescue 19 of 36
Heavy Technical Rescue Team (Type I) The Heavy TRT Team represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective technical rescue operations at Structural Collapse, Trench/Excavation/Below Grade, Rope Rescue, Confined Space, and Vehicle/Machinery Incidents at the Technician Level. Personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at the incidents stated previously. Personnel shall be trained to recognize the unique hazards associated with the structural collapse. Personnel shall have a working knowledge of the resources and procedures for performing technical rescue operations. Training for the Heavy TRT will at a minimum include the following: A) Heavy Technical Rescue Team resources are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Technician Level in the following areas: - Structural Collapse - Rope Rescue - Confined Space - Vehicle and Machinery - Trench and Excavation B) It is recommended that Type I resources meet the Operations requirements for the following: Water Wilderness Search and Rescue 3. SURFACE WATER RESCUE Surf Can be obtained by attending any ocean rescue program that meets the requirements and competencies of NFPA 1670 and 1006. Technician - Type I Ocean Lifeguard Mechanized Equipment (PWC, RHIB, Boat) 20 of 36
Moving Water Water moving at a rate greater than one knot (1.15 mph). Technician - Type I The Moving Water Rescue Team at the Technician Level represents the minimum capability to conduct safe and effective surface water rescue operations using rope systems. Personnel shall meet all the Operations level training requirements listed for Moving Water Rescue Team at the Operations Level resources. In addition, personnel shall be trained in hazard recognition, equipment use and techniques required to operate safely and effectively at the incidents stated previously. Personnel shall have a working knowledge of the resources and procedures for performing complicated surface water rescue operations using rope systems. Personnel shall have a working knowledge of the resources and procedures for performing search operations intended to locate victims who are not readily visible and who are just beneath the surface. Personnel shall be trained in the procedures for performing extraction operations Involving packaging, treating and removing victims trapped either at the surface or just below the surface. Training at the technician level will at a minimum include the following: Type I resources are required to meet the competencies listed in NFPA 1006, Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications to assure a capability to perform at the NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents Technician Level in the following areas: Surf and Swift Water Rescue Rope Rescue In addition personnel should be competent in the use and operation of Mechanized Equipment (i.e. boat). 21 of 36
ANNEX E ADDITIONAL USAR RESOURCES Urban Search & Rescue Dogs These dogs and handlers are trained to search and find victims in collapsed or failed structures. They are ordered through FFCA Statewide Emergency Response Plan (SERP) request procedures. Minimum acceptable evaluation is the FEMA Basic. Structural Engineer In addition to the Structural Specialists that are part of the USAR Task Forces, Structural Engineers may be available for tasking through local building and public works agencies. Structural engineers may also be requested through normal Mutual Aid request procedures. Heavy Equipment Heavy equipment such as cranes, front end loaders and dump trucks are often needed in large quantities at structure collapse Incidents. They are normally available through local public works departments and private contractors. If additional heavy equipment resources are needed, they are ordered through normal Mutual Aid request procedures. 22 of 36
ANNEX F Equipment Lists The FASAR Equipment Lists (available separately) identify the minimum amount of supplies and equipment needed to provide a safe and acceptable level of service for the mission indicated. These equipment lists were assembled using existing standards and were reviewed by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to assure accuracy and applicability to Florida missions. Agencies referencing these lists should consider them the minimum recommended equipment for these missions. 23 of 36
ANNEX G Search and Rescue Technician, Type I Summary SAR Tech I is process that evaluates knowledge and skills at the Crew Leader level. Upon successful completion of the requirements, a certificate will be issued by NASAR. "This certificate does not constitute a license to practice the skills taught in a training program or to practice the knowledge and performance skills that have been evaluated. This certificate does signify that the person holding the certificate has met the requirements of an established standard of knowledge and performance skills on the date indicated on the certificate." (Taken from the published NASAR SAR TECH. Standards) Evaluations are based on the text "Advanced Search and Rescue Skills" developed and edited by NASAR Staff and Education Committee. Completion of this or any other NASAR sponsored course is not required in order to participate in the evaluation process. It is however required that a candidate be previously certified as a SAR Technician II, and have successfully completed a minimum of a DOT First Responder course, and provide documentation of each of these requirements. Candidates who successfully complete the evaluation process will receive a certificate and a rocker patch from NASAR signifying their certification as SAR Tech I and will be eligible to take the Evaluators Workshop to become a SAR Tech. Evaluator. Certificates are intended within the limits stated above. Examination The Candidate's knowledge of advanced SAR is evaluated by a 120-question written examination covering: SAR ICS Management Small Unit Leadership SAR Fitness SAR Crew Safety SAR Ready Pack Land Navigation and Map Reading Search Tactics for Land Search Search Tactics with K-9 Resources SAR Crew Briefing SAR Crew Debriefing Hazardous Terrain Skills Emergency Improvised Patient Transport SAR Related Stress 24 of 36
The candidate s performance of SAR Skills is evaluated at practical exam stations, which include. 24-Hour Pack: This station demonstrates the ability of the Candidate to posses all the equipment required by the standard and carry it in a SAR worthy pack. Hazardous Terrain Evolution: This demonstrates the ability of the Crew Leader to advance the crew safely across a hazardous area, using rope and knot skills. This station requires the Candidate to use individual skills combined into a single evolution. Improvised Litter: The Candidate demonstrates the ability to construct an improvised litter for moving a victim, using items found in the Crew Leader s and crew s pack. Land Navigation: This station tests the Candidate on adjusting navigation practices for declination, map reading, terrain analysis, and the navigation of a six point course at night within a specific time frame. The course is designed to combine the above skills in a real world scenario. Each course is between 1500 and 2000 meters long. Evaluators Evaluators of the exam are required to be certified as SAR Tech I, and have completed an Evaluator Workshop on the evaluation procedures. An Evaluator in a given area (generally the state) is nominated by the NASAR SAR Tech Program Director to be designated as a SAR Tech. Certification Coordinator for that area and the nomination approved by the NASAR Vice- President for Education. SAR Tech II Coordinators and Evaluators who obtain SAR Tech I status will also be considered as SAR Tech I Coordinators and Evaluators after they have successfully completed an Evaluators Workshop upgrade. Evaluators are supervised by a SAR Tech Certification Coordinator, under the direction of the SAR Tech Program Director at NASAR. Search and Rescue Standards for SAR Personnel, containing full descriptions of the program and each level of certification including the knowledge and performance objectives can be obtained from the NASAR Bookstore. 25 of 36
ANNEX H Search and Rescue Technician, Type II Summary The SAR Technician Program is an evaluation process whereby candidates demonstrate basic SAR competency through written exam and practical demonstration of Search and Rescue skills. Upon successful completion of the requirements, a certificate will be issued by NASAR. "This certificate does not constitute a license to practice the skills taught in a training program or to practice the knowledge and performance skills that have been evaluated. This certificate does signify that the person holding the certificate has met the requirements of an established standard of knowledge and performance skills on the date indicated on the certificate." (Taken from the published NASAR SAR TECH. Standards) SAR Technician standards were formulated by the National Association for Search and Rescue (NASAR) and meet the guidelines published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for search personnel. Evaluations are based on the text "Fundamentals of Search and Rescue" by Donald G. Cooper. Candidates may take the course Introduction to Search and Rescue (ISAR) in preparation for the SAR Tech III evaluation and Fundamentals of Search and Rescue (FUNSAR) for the SAR Tech II evaluation. Completion of these or any other NASAR sponsored courses are not required for the candidate to participate in the evaluation processes, and training may come from any available source the candidate chooses. Candidates may opt to participate in either evaluation process. It is not required that candidates complete a SAR Tech III evaluation prior to completing a SAR Tech II evaluation. Candidates who successfully complete the evaluation process will receive a certificate and patch from NASAR signifying their certification level. Certificates are intended within the limits stated above. Written Examination The 160-question written exam includes questions from the following topics: Incident Command Systems SAR Management SAR resources SAR philosophy Basic Survival, including: SAR clothing Improvising Environmental hazards First Aid Personal Equipment SAR ready packs Search operations Lost person behavior Communications 26 of 36
Handling evidence Practical Examination The candidate's performance of SAR skills is evaluated at practical exam stations involving: Land Navigation: Use of topographic maps and compass. Candidates complete a course over terrain commonly encountered in the operations area in a specified time frame, not to exceed 600 meters. Tracking: Candidates identify and mark a footprint track left by the evaluator and follow the track to its end. 24-hour Pack: Candidates demonstrate the ability to pack the required SAR equipment and supplies efficiently. Rope Skills: Candidates demonstrate the ability to tie 4 knots and a harness with supplied rope and webbing. o Figure Eight on a bight o Figure Eight Bend o Water Knot o Figure Eight Bend around the waist o Improvised Harness for belaying with webbing 27 of 36
ANNEX I Type III Canine Evaluation Criteria Ground Rules The handler is required to follow all Ground Rules. No training aids (balls, food, toys, etc.). A toy reward is allowed on the rubble. No collars or search vest on agility or rubble site. Muzzles are not permitted in any phase of the evaluation process. No short lead, traffic lead, training tab or other weighted object may be attached to the collar at any time. No prong, choke or electronic collars. No practice on any element before the test. The handler must maintain continual control of the canine. Physical abuse of the canine is not acceptable at any time. The handler is responsible for the care and safety of the canine at all times. Safety gear and procedures should be addressed continually. The handler is required to wear the following safety gear on the rubble site: (helmet, gloves, eye protection, long sleeve shirt, long pants, knee protection and safety toe, steel shank boots). Aggression will not be tolerated at any time. All testing teams will complete all five elements unless excused by consensus of the evaluators for reasons of aggression, lack of safety or control, injury, at handler request or for failing two or more of the first four elements. Any accident/injury shall be reported immediately to the IC or their designee. Evaluation Procedures The evaluators shall determine the testing area. It is recommended that a non-testing, Type II certified canine shall pre-test all elements. Rescue and medical capabilities must be readily available. Element Descriptions Element 1 Obedience Rationale: The canine on incident must be under the control of the handler at all times, capable of heeling through crowds and non-aggressive to both people and other canines. The canine, for its safety, must be responsive to an emergency stop command. The long down/wait evaluated the reliability and calmness of the canine when the handler is not in sight. Required Skills: Non-aggressive to stranger 28 of 36
Non-aggressive to canine on Figure 8 Heels through crowd, with turns and changes of pace Emergency Stop Stays on Long Down/Wait for 2 ½ minutes Aggression Testing: Handler ties the canine and leaves it unattended. Handler proceeds to a designated area out of the canine s sight. After a minimum of one (1) minute out of sight, a stranger unties the canine and returns the canine to the handler. A canine search team completes a Figure 8 around two testing team handlers with their canines (post team) on lead, sitting at their side and spaced about eight feet apart. The testing team shall complete the patter, on loose lead, passing within two feet of each of the post teams. During the exercise all three dogs will be evaluated for aggression. Handler Information: The team must perform the following commands as directed while heeling on lead through a group of not less than five (5) milling people. Heeling is defined as the canine maintaining position at either side of the handler so as to be attentive to the handler and under his control at all times. Additional or repetitive commands are acceptable. Right turn Left turn About turn Halt Change of pace (normal, fast, slow) Emergency Stop The dog shall be placed on a stay command 25 yards from the handler and the evaluator. Upon direction from the evaluator, the handler shall call their dog. The handler will then stop the dog when directed by the evaluator. Once the stop command has been given, an immediate change in gait is required and the canine must then come to a stop. The dog may drop, sit, or stand and will be judged by the quickness of its response. The handler may give multiple commands. The dog shall remain stationary until released or recalled by the handler at he direction of the evaluator. Long Down/Wait The canine may be placed next to the handler s pack and at least 5 feet away from any other canine. The lead must be removed from the canine and may not be placed in front of the canine. Upon direction from the evaluator, the handler shall give the canine the wait command and the handler will proceed to a designated area out of the canine s sight. The canine must be under the supervision of a monitor. Time starts when the evaluator states leave the canine. The canine may sit, stand or shift position, but shall not move more than a body length in any direction from where the canine was placed until the handler returns to the canine. After two and one-half (2 ½) minutes, the evaluator will direct the handlers to return to the canines. Handlers may signal the canines to stay, if needed, while returning. The exercise is complete when all handlers 29 of 36