TURKISH CERAMIC INDUSTRY & RAW MATERIALS in TURKEY Bayram ALTINTOP Turkish Ceramics, Glass and Cement Raw Materials Manufacturers Association
LADİES AND GENTLEMAN WELCOME
Turkish Ceramic Industry In the field of sanitary-ware, our country has become Europe s largest producer and exporter. The Turkish ceramic industry employs totally 246,000 people in the field of production, design, sales and marketing. 1
In 2015, the established capacity of ceramic tiles reached to 411 million m2, production is 320 million m2 and the export is 77 million m2. The established capacity of sanitary ware production is 23 million pcs, production is 20 million pcs. and export is 8 million pcs. 2
RAW MATERIAL DEMANDS OF TURKISH CERAMIC INDUSTRY 3
CERAMIC TILES (Floor and wall tiles, granite tile) Ceramic Tiles Raw Materials Amount (tons/year) Clay 2.048.000 Feldspars, aplite, pegmatite etc. 1.792.000 Kaolin 768.000 Quartz, quartz sand 512.000 2015 4
SANITARY WARE Sanitary Ware Raw Materials Amounts(ton/year) Clay 96.000 Kaolin 75.000 Feldspar 90.000 Quartz, quartz sand 39.000 2015 5
USAGE OF RAW MATERIALS IN TURKISH CERAMICS 6
CLAY The clay reserves of Turkey, especially for ceramic and refractory productions are estimated to be nearly 200 million tons. Nearly half of these reserves are not very efficient to use in ceramic industry for today. But we believe, these inefficient clays will be used after continuous R&D studies, thus will be very necessarily used for the sector. 7
IMPORTANCE Of CLAY-SAND BASIN in İSTANBUL-ŞİLE REGION 8
Approximately 90% of the 200 million tons of clay reserve is included in Şile-Istanbul region for ceramic industry. Nearly half of these reserves are not very efficient to use in ceramic industry for today. But we believe, these inefficient clays will be used after continuous R&D studies, thus will be very necessarily used for the sector. No significant clay deposits have been found up to now except Şile-İstanbul Basin. 9
1000 tons 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0,000 EXPORTED CLAY AMOUNT 89,650 90,723 90,376 76,855 78,327 80,301 61,976 49,653 46,988 49,744 49,761 47,834 46,412 39,234 21,472 19,670 12,195 12,226 14,173 16,601 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1000 tons 1.200,000 1.000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0,000 374,785 421,773471,518 294,484 166,505 216,157 89,650 CUMULATIVE EXPORTED CLAY AMOUNT 562,241 624,217673,977 841,123853,349867,522884,123903,793 761,045807,457828,929 721,811 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 994,169 10
1000 tons 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0,000 67,305 78,485 71,521 31,729 146,387 76,597 IMPORTED CLAY AMOUNT 156,993 278,249 321,117 375,096 394,669 461,692 468,709 241,805 328,669 444,955 430,224 298,715 431,148 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 320,262 1000 tons 6.000,000 5.000,000 4.000,000 3.000,000 2.000,000 1.000,000 0,000 CUMULATIVE IMPORTED CLAY AMOUNT 5.104,065 5.424,328 4.374,203 4.672,917 3.943,979 2.928,551 3.170,356 3.499,024 2.459,841 1.998,150 1.603,480 31,729 99,034177,520249,040 395,428 472,025 629,018 907,267 1.228,384 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 11
KAOLİN Kaolin reserves of Turkey are estimated to be nearly 89 million tons, composed of %15-37 Al 2 O 3 content. 12
1000 tons 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 EXPORTED KAOLINE AMOUNT 249 241 213 223 211 185 173 172 141 151 150 126 129 138 109 110 116 83 90 54 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1000 tons 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0 CUMULATIVE EXPORTED KAOLINE AMOUNT 3.064 2.914 2.799 2.708 2.598 2.515 2.323 2.377 2.194 2.068 1.883 1.711 1.470 1.222 1.048 838 614 401 250 141 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 13
1000 tons 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0,000 IMPORTED KAOLINE AMOUNT [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER][DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] [DEĞER] 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1000 tons 3.000,000 2.500,000 2.000,000 1.500,000 1.000,000 500,000 0,000 55,495 CUMULATIVE IMPORTED KAOLINE AMOUNT 1.109,941 584,675 472,701 843,445 418,791 662,663 524,561 [DEĞER] 112,752 390,710402,683 429,371 290,203 178,909 1.380,725 1.871,746 1.654,209 2.141,034 2.539,778 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 14
QUARTZ, SİLİCA SAND It is produced over 4 million tons/year from Şile region and is refined by the following processes of washing, enriching and grading. Sand reserves of Turkey for the industries such as ceramic, casting, construction etc. are estimated to be nearly more than 100 million tons in İstanbul Şile Region. 15
1000 tons 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0,000 EXPORTED QUARTZ AMOUNT 450,766 475,452502,200 359,382 393,127 295,986 195,132 27,798 32,673 16,562 16,375 22,510 31,795 37,07234,475 62,674 40,96845,91844,72536,952 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1000 tons 3.500,000 3.000,000 2.500,000 2.000,000 1.500,000 1.000,000 500,000 0,000 CUMULATIVE EXPORTED QUARTZ AMOUNT 937,875 641,889 24,058 56,731 73,292 89,668112,178143,973181,045215,520 278,194 319,161365,079409,804446,756 1.297,256 1.690,383 2.141,149 2.616,601 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 3.118,801 16
1000 tons 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 IMPORTED QUARZ AMOUNT 638,001 532,169 427,575 393,051 360,231 347,578 282,136 312,937 174,896 168,948 213,632 225,031 230,257 147,602 188,543 733,191 697,861 100,000 0,000 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1000 tons 7.000,000 6.000,000 5.000,000 4.000,000 3.000,000 2.000,000 1.000,000 0,000 0,613 CUMULATIVE IMPORTED QUARZ AMOUNT 838,481 986,0821.174,6261.456,761 608,223 383,193 169,560 2.162,749 2.522,9792.870,557 1.769,698 3.830,302 3.402,726 4.468,303 5.201,494 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 5.899,355 17
FELDSPAR Feldspar reserves in Turkey are estimated to be 330 million tons (visible & potential). Important feldspar reserves are located in Aydın/Çine and Muğla/Milas the southwest of Turkey. Most of the feldspar is produced by the private sector and 75% of the production is exported. Feldspar exports started in 1990 and it reached approximately to 70 million tons in June 2016. 18
EXPORTED FELDSPAR AMOUNT million tons 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0,770 0,950 1,283 1,800 2,114 1,356 2,351 3,028 3,972 3,827 4,599 4,639 4,459 2,888 3,727 3,962 4,082 4,097 4,559 5,151 2,972 0,000 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 million tons 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0,000 0,770 1,720 10,624 13,65217,624 6,917 8,273 3,003 4,803 CUMULATİVE EXPORTED FELDSPAR AMOUNT 35,148 38,03641,763 30,689 26,050 21,451 45,725 49,80753,904 63,614 66,586 58,463 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 19
High quality K-Feldspars are importing from India, Egypt and Spain due to insufficient reserves of Turkey. 70,000 IMPORT FELDSPAR AMOUNT 65,406 60,000 1000 tons 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0,000 46,323 47,361 44,159 40,733 40,739 39,953 39,582 41,695 35,053 26,977 28,594 28,171 18,035 18,840 19,803 10,108 7,546 5,269 0,633 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1000 tons 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0,000 CUMULATIVE IMPORTED FELDSPAR AMOUNT 279,164 307,758335,929 232,842 188,683 10,108 17,655 35,690 36,323 55,163 74,965 107,211 147,944 80,234 539,573 458,296 497,878 375,881 410,935 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20 604,979
From the quarries, removal of the large amount of feldspar ore and its transportation to plants, stock areas and port, leads to environmental problems. The environmental rules are so strict in Turkey that as even the quarries are being stopped. 21
In local markets, 25 million tons of feldspar is consumed. Totally 95 million tons of feldspar excavated without overburden. 22
The mining of the elongated feldspar veins due to its geological formation require to open deeper(100-150 mt. depth) quarries, to remove huge overburden excavation forming mountains. 23
In order to produce the feldspar sustainably, the mining companies have to consider the facts about the production, enriching, logistics, and mining quarry rehabilitation by obeying the quality, environmental and safety rules. For that reasons from now on, the importer companies should co-operate with the companies that are producing the feldspar by this sensitivity 24
In addition, miners have to reforest the clearance land and deliver to the Ministry of Environment Forestry and Urbanization 25
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