INTERSECTION CRASH COUNTERMEASURES ALL SEVERE INTERSECTION (include gap CRASHES High Friction Surface Treatment - Intersection Markings - advanced acceptance and intersection approaches to intersections to warning (including signs, flashing Signal/Optimize Timing - consider crash frequency in driver reduce stopping time beacons, transverse rumble strips) all-red phase, longer yellow education curriculum) Lighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements Pavement Marking Improvements (include gap acceptance and intersection crash frequency for programs targeting older adult drivers) Turn Bay and Acceleration Lanes - high speed rural roads Grade Separation Turning Restrictions - prohibit right on red and permissive left turns Convert free flow turn lanes (i.e. slip lanes) to angled turn lanes that require a stop/yield Sign Improvements (include gap acceptance and intersection crash frequency for programs targeting young adult drivers) Education - Engineers (driveway regulations in relation to intersections; coordinate with city, county, and state engineers) Speed Monitoring Trailer Enforcement EMS - emergency vehicle signal preemption Consider treatments that increase safety for pedestrians and bicyclists that relate to the roadway, intersection, markings, signs, signals, education, and enforcement (10% of severe intersection crashes involve a person walking or bicycling) https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/ https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/other_topics/09example_intpln/ https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/systemic/
BICYCLIST CRASH COUNTERMEASURES DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD, Pavement Marking Improvements (rules of SIGNALIZED Intersection Markings - driver-focused the road, share the road) Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet) Turning Restrictions Sign Improvements - driver focused Education - Bicyclist (active lighting, rider conspicuity) DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD, NON-SIGNALIZED Curb Radii Reduction (quick, lowcost option: paint + flex posts) School Zone Improvements Enforcement Lighting Improvements Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Sight Distance Improvements Signal/Optimize Timing Raised Intersection Pavement Marking Improvements (rules of - driver-focused the road, share the road) Sign Improvements - driverfocused Education - Bicyclist (active lighting, rider conspicuity) Intersection Markings Reduce Number of Lanes (road Curb Radii Reduction (quick, lowcost diet) option: paint + flex posts) Lighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements School Zone Improvements Enforcement Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Raised Intersection Install Signal/ Optimize Timing Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB) (mid-block, trail) Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (midblock, trail) www.pedbikesafe.org/ www.cmfclearinghouse.org/ www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
BICYCLIST CRASH COUNTERMEASURES BICYCLIST FAILURE TO YIELD, SIGNALIZED BICYCLIST FAILURE TO YIELD, NON-SIGNALIZED Intersection Markings Pavement Marking Improvements - bicyclist-focused Reduce Number of Lanes (road Curb Radii Reduction (quick, lowcost Sign Improvements - bicyclist- diet) option: paint + flex posts) focused Lighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements School Zone Improvements Enforcement Signal/Optimize Timing - "green Median/Crossing Island Raised Intersection wave" Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Bicycle Activated Signal Bicycle Signal Head Education - Bicyclist (rules of the road) Education - Bicyclist (rules of the road) Intersection Markings Pavement Marking Improvements Reduce Number of Lanes (road Curb Radii Reduction (quick, lowcost Sign Improvements - bicyclist diet) option: paint + flex posts) focused Lighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements School Zone Improvements Enforcement DISTRACTED DRIVING/BICYCLING Median/Crossing Island Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Mini Traffic Circles Raised Intersection Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB) (mid-block, trail) Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (midblock, trail) Education - Bicyclist Enforcement www.pedbikesafe.org/ www.cmfclearinghouse.org/ www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
PEDESTRIAN CRASH COUNTERMEASURES DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD, SIGNALIZED Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning signs, advance yield markings) Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint Education - Pedestrian (SRTS, child training, Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet) + flex posts) Signal/Optimize Timing conspicuity) Shoulder/Bike Lane Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Signal/Timing Enforcement (speed, stop) Paving Treatments Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI) Speed Monitoring Trailer Raised Median Raised Pedestrian Crossing Advanced Stop Lines School Zone Improvement Lighting Right Turn on Red Restriction Parking Restrictions Near Intersections Left Turn Phase DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD, NON-SIGNALIZED Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet) Shoulder / Bike Lane Paving Treatments Intersection Median Barrier Modify Skewed Intersections Pedestrian Accommodations at Complex Interchanges Curb Ramp Overpass/Underpass Roundabout Puffin Crossing (passive pedestrian detection to allow more crossing time for older adults and people with disabilities) Sign Improvement - driver-focused Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning sign, advance yield markings) Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Advanced Stop/Yield Lines Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option: Education - Pedestrian (SRTS, child training, conspicuity) paint + flex posts) Sign Improvement - driver-focused Enforcement (speed, stop) Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Hybrid Beach (HAWK) Speed Monitoring Trailer Raised Median Raised Pedestrian Crossing Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) School Zone Improvement Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Lighting Pedestrian Street Choker/Chicane/Gateway (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts, or consider incorporating green street treatments) Mini Circle Temporary Traffic Calming Installations Landscape Parking Restrictions Near Intersections Intersection Median Barrier Modify Skewed Intersections Pedestrian Accommodations at Complex Interchanges Curb Ramp Overpass/Underpass Roundabout Intersection Median Barrier www.pedbikesafe.org/ www.cmfclearinghouse.org/ www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
PEDESTRIAN CRASH COUNTERMEASURES PEDESTRIAN FAILURE TO YIELD, SIGNALIZED Education - Pedestrian (distraction, Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning sign, advance yield markings) impairment, SRTS, child training, conspicuity) Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint (yield to pedestrians in Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet) + flex posts) Signal/Optimize Timing marked and unmarked crosswalks) Shoulder/Bike Lane Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Signal/Timing Enforcement (pedestrians crossing roadway) Paving Treatments Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI) Raised Median Raised Pedestrian Crossing Advanced Stop Lines Lighting Puffin Crossing (passive pedestrian detection to allow more crossing time for older adults and people with disabilities) Overpass/Underpass Sign Improvement - pedestrian-focused PEDESTRIAN FAILURE TO Education - Pedestrian (distraction, YIELD, NON-SIGNALIZED Street Furniture Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning sign, advance yield markings) impairment, SRTS, child training, conspicuity) Diverter Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Advanced Stop/Yield Lines (yield to pedestrians in marked and unmarked crosswalks) Full or Partial Street Closure Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Sign Improvement - pedestrian-focused Enforcement (pedestrians crossing roadway) Choker/Chicane/Gateway (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts, or consider incorporating green street treatments) Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost option: paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (HAWK) DISTRACTED DRIVING/WALKING Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Raised Pedestrian Crossing Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) Temporary Traffic Calming Installations Lighting Parking Restrictions Overpass/Underpass Sign Improvement Education - Pedestrian (distraction, impairment, SRTS, child training, conspicuity) Law Enforcement www.pedbikesafe.org/ www.cmfclearinghouse.org/ www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
DISTRACTED DRIVING CRASH COUNTERMEASURES CRASH TYPE ENGINEERING ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION / OUTREACH NIGHTTIME, DROWSINESS Shoulder, edge line, and centerline rumble strips, wider and brighter striping Increase patrol at nighttime Employer programs DISTRACTED PASSENGERS - TEEN, OLDER ADULTS, NEW DRIVERS Street lighting Improve infrastructure and roadways to reduce the number and severity of crashes (wide edge lines, crosswalks, signage reflectors, markings) Use Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) grants -STEP-WAVE and STEP-COMP Grants Graduated driver licensing (GDL) for new drivers Awareness and public information campaigns Employer programs- Safety apps for company vehicles and employee vehicles Increase enforcement of existing laws Screening and testing of elderly drivers and restrictions Awareness and public information campaigns Peer-to-peer education campaigns HAND-HELD CELL PHONE USE WHILE DRIVING (TEXTING, SENDING EMAILS, TALKING, ETC.) Educate the consumers, parents, and the public with age-specific messages, disseminate laws Peer to Peer campaigns for teens Increase enforcement of existing laws Use Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) grants -STEP-WAVE and STEP-COMP Grants Re-education and periodic updates for elderly drivers Employer programs Safety apps for company vehicles and employee vehicles Encourage using technologies such as cell phone blockers, cell phone disabling devices, voice-totext etc. to eliminate using cell phones, other mobile devices and texting while driving Identify and disseminate model distracted driving policies Awareness and public information campaigns Conduct education on the risks of distracted driving using evidence-based strategies to create a culture of traffic safety Promote insurance and other incentives for safe driving
SPEEDING CRASH COUNTERMEASURES CRASH TYPE PLANNING / ENGINEERING LAW / ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION / OUTREACH SPEEDING, AND SPEEDING IN WORK ZONES Traffic calming measures Deterrence through regular traffic law enforcement Institute a regionwide speed-management outreach initiative Publicized enforcement periods Personal communications and messages through signs, flyers, community outreach Reduce number of lanes (road diet) Aggressive driving laws Roadside messages Turn bay lanes Increase penalties Speed monitoring trailer Entrance and exit ramps Different types and levels of penalties for violations of laws Pre-tested campaign messages to the target audience Advance warnings (signs, markings, rumble Collaborate with law enforcement on the use Leverage data for targeted messaging to strips) of crash data for targeted enforcement groups and geographies Encourage cities to implement temporary demonstration of safe design speed projects in various land use contexts Disseminate Vision Zero information as related to speeding, and encourage cities to adopt a Vision Zero policy and program Targeted speed limit considering below instead of 85 th percentile speed (NACTO Guidelines, ITE Urban Thoroughfares report): Road design Vulnerable users Traffic operations Work zones Land use and Context Encourage company policies with speed regulatory system for commercial vehicles
DWI CRASH COUNTERMEASURES CRASH TYPE DWI CRASHES - DRIVING UNDER INFLUENCE (ALCOHOL AND DRUG), RECIDIVISM LAW / ENFORCEMENT Continue using Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) grants -STEP-WAVE DWI OFFENDER TREATMENT, MONITORING, CONTROL PREVENTION EDUCATION / OUTREACH Encourage programs for alcohol problem assessment and treatment Use a data driven approach to optimize areas Monitor repeating offenders Enforce Administrative License Revocation or Suspension (ALR/ALS) Increase penalties for test refusal, high Blood Alcohol Content (BAC), repeated offenses etc. Enforce restrictions on license (courses, interlock ignition license and suspension, etc.) Control and monitor alcohol sales Increase alcohol taxes and restrictions on consumption Provide and promote alternative transportation options such as taxi, bus, rail etc. Create local task forces to identify local actions Mass media campaigns to inform people about dangers of driving while impaired Educate young drivers through classroom, news media, advertisements Develop and maintain data to identify correlations between impaired driving incidents and Alcohol Beverage Control licensing data by road type, corridor, county and region Educate the police, community leaders, public, and traffic safety partners on the role of regular traffic enforcement Publicize and enforce laws prohibiting alcoholimpaired driving Increase high visibility patrols Dedicated DWI courts Limitations on diversion and plea agreements Court monitoring programs for citizens to monitor court activities Develop training for prosecutors and regular patrol officers Promote trip planning through apps and technology Partner with community groups to develop a comprehensive action plan Demonstrate to all road users the magnitude of the impact of impaired driving crashes Educate medical professionals to inform patients of the effects of medications