OFFSHORE WIND: A CRASH COURSE
OFFSHORE WIND: DEFINED
OFFSHORE WIND: Construction of wind farms in bodies of water to generate electricity from wind. Unlike the typical usage of the term offshore in the marine industry, offshore wind power includes inshore water areas such as lakes, fjords and sheltered coastal areas, utilizing traditional fixed-bottom wind turbine technologies, as well as deeper-water areas utilizing floating wind turbines. THE US National Renewable Energy Laboratory has further defined offshore wind power based on its siting in terms water depth to include shallow water, transitional water and deep water offshore wind power.
OFFSHORE WIND: HISTORY
CAPE WIND NJ LEG DE PROJECT DE PROJECT DE PROJECT DOE DEMO PROJECTS ROUND 1 MD LEGISLATION THE NETWORKS FIRST IPF HOSTING THE NETWORK IS FOUNDED 2017 MA LEGISLATION DOE DEMO ROUND 2 THE NETWORK EXPANDS SCOPE BEYOND MD COP 21 & WHITE HOUSE SUMMIT 2001 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 BLOCK ISLAND
OFFSHORE WIND: FIXED FOUNDATION FARMS
THERE ARE OVER 50 EUROPE S LEADERS EUROPEAN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS BELGIUM DENMARK FINLAND BE DK FI RESULTING IN 3,813MW GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS DE IE NL OPERATING CAPACITY NORWAY SWEDEN NO SE UK UNITED KINGDOM
TOP 5 HIGHEST CAPACITY OSW FARMS EUROPE: London Array / UK 630MW Gemini Wind Farm / Netherlands 600MW Greater Gabbard / UK 504MW Anholt / Denmark 400MW BARD Offshore 1 / Germany 400MW 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
OFFSHORE WIND: ECONOMICS & BENEFITS
ECONOMICALLY 32% since reduction in energy costs for offshore wind 2012 VIABLE (SOLUTIONS) Improving wind performance models, including how design conditions and the wind resource are influenced by the presence of other wind farms. Reducing the weight of turbine materials 5.5 kwh Offshore wind prices continue to decrease. In Europe, the purchase price is as low as 5.5 / kwh Eliminating problematic gearboxes Turbine load-mitigation controls and strategies Turbine and rotor designs to minimize hurricane and typhoon damage 13 kwh Maryland offshore wind price Economic modeling and optimization of costs of the overall wind farm system, including installation, operations, and maintenance Service methodologies, remote monitoring, and diagnostics
ONE OFFSHORE WIND PROJECT CREATES 1,000+ construction jobs AND 4-6GW SUPPORTS A NORTHEAST REGIONAL PIPELINE CREATING 75,000 new jobs
OFFSHORE WIND: TECHNICAL DETAILS
1 12 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 ANEMOMETER NACELLE GEAR BOX 11 4 5 BRAKE BLADE 10 6 ROTOR 9 6 7 TOWER 8 8 9 POWER CABLE YAW MOTOR 7 10 11 YAW DRIVE GENERATOR 12 CONTROLLER PARTS OF A WIND TURBINE
OFFSHORE TURBINES REQUIRE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BASES FOR STABILITY, ACCORDING TO THE DEPTH OF WATER. TO DATE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS EXIST: MONOPILE A monopile (single column) base, six meters in diameter, is used in waters up to 30 meters deep TRIPOD Tripod suction caisson structures, in water 20-80m deep JACKET Conventional steel jacket structures, as used in the oil and gas industry, in water 20-80m deep. Floating wind turbines are being developed for deeper water SUCTION Tripod suction caisson structures, in water 20-80m deep GRAVITY Gravity Base Structures, for use at exposed sites in water 20 80 m deep
FLOATING BASE CONCEPTS Ballast stabilized sparbuoy with catenary mooring drag embedded anchors Mooring line stabilized tension leg platform with suction pile anchors Buoyancy stabilized barge with catenary mooring lines
OFFSHORE WIND: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
BENEFITS CONCERNS CO 2 H 2 O REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION & WITHDRAWAL The risk of seabirds being struck by wind turbine blades or being displaced from critical habitats The underwater noise associated with the installation process of driving monopile turbines into the seabed SO 2 NO x PM The physical presence of offshore wind farms altering the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance REDUCED SULFUR DIOXIDE REDUCED NITROGEN DIOXIDE REDUCED PARTICULATE MATTER 2.5 The potential disruption of the nearfield and farfield marine environment from large offshore wind projects