Long term iosolis experiments: Nitrogen n Orgni Mtter Crig Cogger, Any Bry, n Liz Myhre WSU Puyllup
Tll fesue experiment 1993-2011 Puyllup, Wshington 2 Biosolis tretments: ewtere lss A ke n lss A ry prout Biosolis pplitions 1993-2002 Resiul mesurements 2003-2010
Fiel Experiment Biosolis pplie to surfe Grss hrveste t 30-45 y intervls uring growing seson Forge yiel, N onentrtion n N uptke mesure. Plnt ville N lulte
Biosolis pplition 1993-2002 3, 6, n 9 ry ton//yr (~ 250, 500, n 750 l N/re/yr) Inorgni N tretment (360 l//yr) Zero-N tretment Biosolis pplitions split over 3 tes/yr, inorgni N split over 5-6 tes/yr
Resiul N phse 1993 2002: Biosolis pplie Totl pplition: 67, 134, n 201 Mg/h 2003 2011: All plots reeive 180 l inorgni N/re/yr, split over 6 tes. No iosolis pplie
Biosolis pplitions le to long-term yiel inrese uring resiul perio Forge yiel, Mg h -1 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Applition e Resiul Zero-N Inorgni N Biosoli Low Biosoli Meium Biosoli High 94-98 99-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 2012 fw3 forge yiel 20jun12
Apprent N reovery lso showe long-term inrese Apprent N reovery, kg/h 400 300 200 100 0 Applition Resiul Inorgni N Biosoli Low Biosoli Meium Biosoli High 94-98 99-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 2012 fw3 s 3
Post-hrvest soil nitrte-n 1994-2008 0 to 30 m epth Soil nitrte, NO 3 -N kg h -1 40 30 20 10 0 NS ** ** *** *** *** * ** *** ** Biosoli Low Biosoli Meium Biosoli High Inorgni Chek *** NS NS NS 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 08 Yer 2012 fw3 soil nitrte 20jun12
Cumultive N remove in grss hrvest Men of oth iosolis soures Biosolis Inorgni N % of N pplie 1993-2002 40 67 2003-2010 11 5 Totl 51 72
Fte of N pplie in iosolis n inorgni N, 1993-2010 Grss uptke 1993-2010 Soil N 2011 Cumultive fll nitrte 1993-2008 Unounte Biosolis N Applie 1993-2002 Inorgni N Applie1993-2002
Soil ron ws higher in iosolis tretments 9 yers fter the finl iosolis pplitions. 50 2002 2011 Soil ron, mg/kg 40 30 20 10 Biosolis low Biosolis meium Biosolis high Inorgni N Zero-N 0 0-8 m 8-15 m 15-30 m 0-8 m 8-15 m 15-30 m Depth, m fw3 soil P ulk ens t 20ug12.JNB
Bulk ensity ws lower in the iosolis tretments t the en of the pplition perio, ut not 9 yers lter. 1.4 Soil ulk ensity, g/ml 1.2 1.0 0.8 Biosolis low Biosolis meium Biosolis high Inorgni N Zero-N 0.6 2003 2011 Yer
C n N umultion in soil s % of iosolis C n N pplie Tll fesue: Applie for 10 yers, mesure 9 yers fter finl pplition. N inrese = 20% of totl N pplie C inrese = 29% of totl C pplie
Bry-1 P remins high 9 yers fter finl iosolis pplitions. 700 Soil Bry-1 P, mg/kg 600 500 400 300 200 100 Biosolis low Biosolis meium Biosolis high Inorgni N Zero-N exessive 0 0-8 m 8-15 m 15-30 m 30-60 m 60-90 m Depth, m
No tren in lef tissue Zn onentrtions ws seen over time Forge grss zin onentrtion, mg/kg 60 50 40 30 20 6 t iosolis /yr Inorgni N 10 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Yer forge zin 16ug12
Long-term ryln whet-fllow experiment Dougls County, WA 1994-present Alternting winter whet n fllow Biosolis pplie every 4 th yer, rop hrveste every 2 yers
Long-term ryln whet-fllow experiment Biosolis rtes: 2, 3, 4.5 ry tons/ eh pplition Inorgni N 50 l/ eh rop Zero-N ontrol Totl iosolis pplie 1994 2010: 22, 34, n 50 Mg h -1
Mesurements Grin yiel Grin protein Test weight Soil N Soil C Bulk ensity, enzymes, nutrients, tre elements
Grin yiel 1996-2012 5000 4000 2DTBS 3DTBS 4.5DTBS Inorgni N Zero-N Grin Yiel, l/ 3000 2000 1000 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Yer
Yiels verge over the first rop n seon rop following iosolis pplition Grin yiel, l/ 4000 3000 2000 2t/ iosolis 3 t/ iosolis 4.5 t/ iosolis Inorgni N Zero-N 1000 0 1994-2010 men First rop men Seon rop men
High iosolis rtes inrese grin protein 14 12 2t/ iosolis 3 t/ iosolis 4.5 t/ iosolis Inorgni N Zero-N Grin protien, perent 10 8 6 4 2 0 1994-2010 men First rop men Seon rop men
Agronomi pplitions of iosolis inrese soil C in the upper 4 inhes of soil Totl C, mg/kg 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 2t/ iosolis 3 t/ iosolis 4.5 t/ iosolis Inorgni N Zero-N 0.6 0.4 0-4 4-8 8-12 Depth, Inhes
Soil N showe similr trens to soil C Totl N, mg/kg 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 2t/ iosolis 3 t/ iosolis 4.5 t/ iosolis Inorgni N Zero-N 0.06 0-4 4-8 8-12 Depth, Inhes
C n N umultion in soil s % of iosolis C n N pplie Whet: Applie every 4 th yer sine 1994 N inrese = 33% of totl N pplie C inrese = 65% of totl C pplie
Olsen P inrese in throughout the upper 12 inhes of the iosolis plots. Soil P, mg/kg 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0-4 4-8 8-12 Depth, Inhes 2t/ iosolis 3 t/ iosolis 4.5 t/ iosolis Inorgni N Zero-N
Soil ph ws < 6 in the upper 4 inhes of ll fertilize tretments Soil ph 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 2t/ iosolis 3 t/ iosolis 4.5 t/ iosolis Inorgni N Zero-N 0-4 4-8 8-12 Depth, Inhes
Summry Repete iosolis pplitions proue signifint long-term inreses in soil C n N n plnt ville N. Storge of C in soil n replement of fertilizer N help mitigte greenhouse gs emissions s well s improve rop proutivity n profitility. Tre element levels inrese in soil n forge, ut remine in enefiil rnges. Phosphorus is the element most likely to limit repete iosolis pplitions.