Advancements in scatterometer wind processing Ad.Stoffelen@knmi.nl Marcos Portabella Anton Verhoef Jeroen Verspeek Jur Vogelzang scat@knmi.nl
www.knmi.nl/scatterometer Scatterometer work The scatterometer is a satellite radar-instrument which provides a measure of wind speed and direction near the sea surface. We develop scatterometer processing software for operational use in weather and marine forecasting. More information on this is available under the 'Software links on the right hand side of this page. To preview our near real-time products and obtain access to them and our archive of off-line products, please follow the 'Wind Products' links. Our activities are diverse and span Research on new types of scatterometer for future use Development of algorithms for wind retrieval and ice processing Wind product processing, quality control, and monitoring User support Your contribution? We seek beta users for our software and data products in order to get feedback and improve our services. Workshops are planned where users are invited for updating the evolving requirements. Moreover, our developments are supported by a Visiting Scientist scheme, which funds exchange of people between institutes. Topics could include for instance: Geophysical interpretation Inversion or ambiguity removal Data assimilation User support Your suggested contributions are welcomed by us. Acknowledgement Wind Products QuikSCAT 1-km winds (OSI SAF) Operational status QuikSCAT 25-km winds (OSI SAF) Operationtal status ASCAT 25-km winds (OSI SAF) Pre-operational status ERS-2 winds (EARS) Demonstration status Archived wind and stress products Software Wind processing software (NWP SAF) CMOD5: C-band GMF BUFR reader R&D work Activities Publications Projects OSI SAF: Global wind products EARS: Regional wind products CM SAF: Climatologic wind stress products NWP SAF: Wind processing software RFSCAT: Future scatterometer concept
EUMETSAT SAF activities NWP Satellite Application Facility software AWDP available for beta testers (ERS and ASCAT) SDP; beta testers welcome for new version 2D-Var settings and NWP guidance Coastal AWDP ( @25km, later 12.5 km ) OSI Satellite Application Facility data and services ASCAT Cal/Val ASCAT demo 25 km since March 27 (first MetOp L2 product) ASCAT 12.5 km run experimentally at KNMI Coastal product prototype Geophysical modelling and (NOAA hurricane hunter) air campaign SeaWinds update evaluation (updated NOAA stream) Timely EARS data ERS data ASCAT; soon 25-km NH ascending orbits in 35 i.s.o. 1 minutes Climate Mon. SAF scatterometer ocean stress fields climexp.knmi.nl
KNMI ASCAT Level 1b corrections Vertical cut for WVC #42 Level 1b 1 st release Level 1b latest release KNMI total correction ASCAT measurements fit ocean GMF well after correction
Node: all Node: all ASCAT winds Wind speed (m/s) Z.625 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 Wind speed (m/s) ECMWF N=3267229 mx= 7.66 my= 7.64 m(y x)=.2 s(y x)= 1.26 cor_xy=.94 Wind dir (deg) Z.625 27 18 9 9 18 27 36 Wind dir (deg) ECMWF N=279225 mx= 177.72 my= 178.57 m(y x)=.86 s(y x)= 14.94 cor_xy=.99 Very good overall wind statistics U comp. (m/s) Z.625 2 1 1 2 Node: all 2 1 1 2 U comp. (m/s) ECMWF N=3267229 mx=.15 my=.26 m(y x)=.12 s(y x)= 1.45 cor_xy=.98 V comp. (m/s) Z.625 2 1 1 2 Node: all 2 1 1 2 V comp. (m/s) ECMWF N=3267229 mx=.78 my=.73 m(y x)=.5 s(y x)= 1.62 cor_xy=.95
ASCAT L2 calibration ASCAT winds first MetOp-A L2 product Winds within spec ERS compatibility can be achieved New swath parts provide good winds, but CMOD5.5 may be biased After ASCAT L1b calibration, the z correction table should be removed from AWDP and remaining biases incorporated in CMOD6 Further L1b calibration, using 3-transponder data, will not result in L2 wind discontinuities AWDP checks ongoing: Kp s, MLE, P(V) s, etc. Parallel L2 streams for neutral winds (+.2 m/s)
Processing SCAT, SeaWinds, ASCAT Input (σ values) Pre-processing MSS (144) Inversion < 4 solutions Quality Control NWP model 2D Var AR Ambiguity Removal Quality Monitoring Output wind field
SeaWinds Data Processor 1-km 25-km, MSS 4 solutions Full wind PDF
SeaWinds @ 25km, Hurricane Dean, 16 Aug 27 55 W 55 W retrieval of 4 local solutions full wind vector PDF Without MSS With MSS 15 N 15 N 1 N 1 N
NOAA/NASA Median Filter AR Wind direction continuity KNMI 2D-Var AR Balance in rotation and divergence Improved cold front QC better Around rain
ERS scatterometer observes wave train HiRLAM model (and other NWP models) miss the wave train (too smooth) The MSG clouds are aligned with the wave train, but in themselves provide little dynamical information HiRLAM ERS ERS QC Next day a forecast bust occurred for cloud and precipitation in England and the Netherlands
Logarithm Wind Spectral Density [-] W -3 25% wind variance difference k T Half of wind variance k -2 4 times less wind variance k RC 3 km 1. 1 1 1 Wave Number [km] k G
Buoy verification First results ASCAT 25 compares best to ECMWF also ECMWF misses 1,2 m/s w.r.t. ASCAT For SeaWinds, 1km best represents ECMWF winds 6 N ASCAT 25 SD u [m/s] 1.76 16 W 14 W 12 W SD v [m/s] 1.79 1 W 8 W SeaWinds 25 SD u [m/s] 1.84 6 W 4 W 2 W SD v [m/s] 1.83 2 E 4 E SeaWinds 1 SD u [m/s] 6 E 8 E 2.19 1 E 12 E SD v [m/s] 2. 14 E 16 E 7 N 7 N 6 N Scatterometer wind speed (m/s) 25 2 15 1 5 Collocation result - speed (2476 wind vectors) 5 N Collocation result - direction (2176 wind vectors) 5 N 36 4 N 4 N 3 N 3 N Scatterometer wind direction (deg) 2 N 2 N 27 1 N 1 N 1 S 1 S 2 S 2 S 18 3 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 5 S 9 6 S 4 S 6 S 5 1 15 2 25 Buoy wind speed (m/s) 7 S 7 S 9 18 27 36 Buoy wind direction (deg) 16 W 14 W 12 W 1 W 8 W 6 W 4 W 2 W 2 E 4 E 6 E 8 E 1 E 12 E 14 E 16 E
6-hourly ECMWF update ECMWF analysis increments are modest wrt spatial deficit Most mesoscale scatterometer information remains unexploited
6-hourly wind change Ocean forcing is dominated by transient or temporal effects Can eddy-scale ocean forcing be provided at hourly scale? 2D-VAR provides scatterometer analyses; can the increments be advected in time? Topic in MyOcean
EU Marine Core Services through MyOcean : Thematic Assembly Centers (TAC) Space Ground segments In situ Networks TACs Marine Core Services Regional M/F Centers Global M/F Center MCS delivery Users Downstream services TACs will feed the global and regional components of the MCS in observation products for space and in situ data. From observation systems to the service centres. Specific requirements from modelling and data assimilations centers as well as from users and downstream services.
5-km resolution backscatter averaging Wind Vector Cell Hamming filter averaging window Hamming filter ASCAT Level 2 product: 5 km resolution Satellite alongtrack direction Coastline 1 km 25 km 25 km 1 km Satellite acrosstrack direction up to 6 km off the coast to avoid land effects ASCAT Coastal product: 3-4 km resolution 1 km up to 25 km off the coast σ more noisy, so MSS
Way forward NH ascending ASCAT winds will be delivered in 35 minutes Geophysical modelling improvements and (NOAA hurricane hunter) air campaign are ongoing Prototypes on higher resolution ASCAT winds (12.5 km) and for winds nearer to the coast exist KNMI provides a wind product independent of the SeaWinds input (updated NOAA stream) The ASCAT full resolution product is required in NRT ISRO SCAT at 12 LST nicely complements SeaWinds at 6 LST and ASCAT at 9:3 LST for providing temporallyresolved eddy-scale ocean winds Global NRT backscatter (L2A) products would be greatly appreciated from ISRO to aid in a timely exploitation
www.knmi.nl/scatterometer
First ASCAT winds Now the work starts...
Is this noise or geophysical variability? Spectral analysis Triple collocation of buoy, NWP, and scatterometer winds (in progress)
Validation against ECMWF Node: 42 Node: 42 Level 1b demo version KNMI corrected Wind speed (m/s) Z.625 U comp. (m/s) Z.625 Wind speed (m/s) Z.625 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 Wind speed (m/s) ECMWF N= 12783 mx= 7.7 my= 6.45 m(y x)=.62 s(y x)= 1.37 cor_xy=.91 2 2 15 1 1 5 1 Node: 42 Node: 42 2 5 1 15 2 Wind speed (m/s) ECMWF 2 1 1 2 N= 12782 U comp. (m/s) ECMWF mx= 7.8 my= 7.16 m(y x)= N= 12783.8 s(y x)= 1.47 cor_xy= mx=.41.9 my=.49 m(y x)=.9 s(y x)= 1.55 cor_xy=.97 Wind dir (deg) Z.625 V comp. Wind (m/s) dir (deg) Z.625 Z.625 27 18 9 9 18 27 36 Wind dir (deg) ECMWF N= 1588 mx= 17.58 my= 171.24 m(y x)=.66 s(y x)= 17.53 cor_xy=.98 27 2 1 18 9 1 Node: 42 Node: 42 2 9 18 27 36 Wind dir (deg) ECMWF 2 1 1 2 N= 1588 V comp. (m/s) ECMWF mx= 17.24 my= 17.58 m(y x)= N= 12783.34 s(y x)= 16.8 cor_xy= mx=.1.99 my=. m(y x)=.1 s(y x)= 1.74 cor_xy=.93
ASCAT winds Better quality than ERS winds Stable product Files called t for test; flagged as unuseful MLE s not yet normalised to ASCAT noise QC not yet tuned No product monitoring flag yet Winds being added for QC-ed WVCs Much feedback at scat@knmi.nl Thanks! Buoy monitoring in collaboration with ECMWF in progress 12.5 km product under test; MSS needed Coastal product under development Improved geophysical validation Guidance for data assimilation using 2D-Var
User issues Keep ASCAT test status while stable product? ASCAT - ERS continuity absolutely needed? Provide winds in case of flags whenever possible: inversion QC and 2D-VAR spatial check Demo hi-resolution and/or coastal products for distribution? L2 stress product required or only software and guide? Archive data format in BUFR/NetCDF/HDF Accessibility and compatibility of archives at EUMETSAT, PODAAC User requirements MyOcean Wind TAC? : higher level wind products to spatially and temporally contain eddy-scale winds (SAG/OVWST presentation)
.5 ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind Speed ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind Direction Less speed bias Scatt. Model Speed (m/s)..5 1. 1.5 Scatt. Model Wind Direction (deg) 4. 2.. Lower direction SD 2. 1 2 3 4 WVC Number ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind Speed 2. 1 2 3 4 WVC Number ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind Direction WVC speed and direction sensitivities vary Scatt. Model Speed (m/s) 1.4 1.2 Scatt. Model Wind Direction (deg) 2. 18. 16. 14. 12. 1 2 3 4 WVC Number 1. 1 2 3 4 WVC Number
4. 2.. 2. 4. QuikSCAT/ASCAT vs ECMWF Dataset: 1-5 July 27 QuikSCAT vs ECMWF Wind Speed ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind Speed 2. 2. 4. 15. 15. 1. 5. 2.. 2. 5 1 15 2 25 Model Speed (m/s). Scatt. Model Speed (m/s) Number of observations (%) 1. Number of observations (%) Scatt. Model Speed (m/s) 5.. 4. 5 1 15 2 25 Model Speed (m/s)
4. 2.. 2. 4. QuikSCAT/ASCAT vs ECMWF Dataset: 1-5 July 27 QuikSCAT vs ECMWF Wind Speed ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind Speed 2. 2. 4. 15. 15. 1. 5. 2.. 2. 5 1 15 2 25 Scatt. Speed (m/s). Scatt. Model Speed (m/s) Number of observations (%) 1. Number of observations (%) Scatt. Model Speed (m/s) 5.. 4. 5 1 15 2 25 Scatt. Speed (m/s)
QuikSCAT vs ECMWF Wind speed (m/s) Z.625 2 15 1 5 Node: all 5 1 15 2 Wind speed (m/s) ECMWF N=454535 mx= 7.5 my= 7.26 m(y x)=.24 s(y x)= 1.49 cor_xy=.91 Wind dir (deg) Z.625 27 18 9 Node: all 9 18 27 36 Wind dir (deg) ECMWF N=385578 mx= 177.46 my= 177.88 m(y x)=.42 s(y x)= 14.12 cor_xy=.99 U comp. (m/s) Z.625 2 1 1 2 Node: all 2 1 1 2 U comp. (m/s) ECMWF N=454535 mx=.23 my=.13 m(y x)=.1 s(y x)= 1.6 cor_xy=.97 V comp. (m/s) Z.625 2 1 1 2 Node: all 2 1 1 2 V comp. (m/s) ECMWF N=454535 mx=.74 my=.7 m(y x)=.4 s(y x)= 1.58 cor_xy=.96
ASCAT vs ECMWF Wind speed (m/s) Z.625 2 15 1 5 Node: all 5 1 15 2 Wind speed (m/s) ECMWF N=235231 mx= 7.59 my= 7.55 m(y x)=.5 s(y x)= 1.28 cor_xy=.94 Wind dir (deg) Z.625 27 18 9 Node: all 9 18 27 36 Wind dir (deg) ECMWF N=1965456 mx= 177.57 my= 177.86 m(y x)=.29 s(y x)= 15.75 cor_xy=.99 U comp. (m/s) Z.625 2 1 1 2 Node: all 2 1 1 2 U comp. (m/s) ECMWF N=235231 mx=.23 my=.11 m(y x)=.12 s(y x)= 1.52 cor_xy=.97 V comp. (m/s) Z.625 2 1 1 2 Node: all 2 1 1 2 V comp. (m/s) ECMWF N=235231 mx=.75 my=.72 m(y x)=.3 s(y x)= 1.62 cor_xy=.96
OSI SAF Operational Service Architecture (Subsystem 3) Close EPS data via EUMETCast FTP GTS/RMDCN MSG Data via EUMETCast Local NOAA data via HRPT Input Services at KNMI, The Netherlands Satellite data pre-processing SeaWinds NWP model output data GOES-East via GVAR Interactive Tools Visualise final products Product Generation Services Wind Production Centre at KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands Produce Global 1-m Wind Vectors Subsystem 1 at Météo-France, Lannion Local NOAA data via HRPT EPS data via EUMETCast GTS EUMETCast distribution Distribute the data FTP Server Archive and retrieve the data (interim) Web Server Output Services at KNMI, De Bilt Other OSI SAF Subsystem Subsystem 2 at met.no, Norway Product Generation Service (Operational) Input Services (operational) Scheduled by the Kernel (operational) Service Data Delivery and Access (operational)
OSI SAF ASCAT product release schedule Product Coverage Demonstratio n Operational 25 km Global 27 28 12.5 km Global 28 29 Coastal 12.5 km Global 29 211 * Integration of regional EARS products into global OSI SAF products in 28
KNMI SeaWinds experimental 25 km resolution June 8, 26,12: UT www.knmi.nl/ scatterometer
Monitoring of each product 1 st rank MLE Speed bias RMS u&v scat - EC Timeliness NWP SAF integrated monitoring at www.metoffice.gov.u k/research/interpro j /nwpsaf/scatter_re port