Measures to Influence transport Demand to Achieve Sustainability POLIS Working Group Environment and Health 14 th October 2008 - Paris How are your travelling? Travel Diary in Cork Cork County Council
Overview of presentation Cork location Transport Strategy Rail Project MIDAS Cork Methodology Travel Survey Requirements Cork Travel Diary Quantum Study Area Results Trip Rates Trip Distribution Trip Types Mode Share Understanding Travel Choice Walking/Cycling/Train/Bus/Multi Person Trips Analysing the Market Categories/ Attitude Questions Soft Transport Measures Conclusion - Lessons learned
Cork - Location
Transport Strategy for Metropolitan Cork Monard/Rathpeacon P&R Northern Ring Road Blarney Realignment of N8 at Watergrasshill P&R Glounthaune Carrigtwohill Re-open Railway Midleton P&R Ballincollig Bypass Ballincollig Kent St. Interchange P&R P&R South Ring Road Upgrade Existing Railway Cobh Upgrade of N28 to Ringaskiddy Green Routes Ringaskiddy P&R Carrigaline
MIDAS Cork Methodology Establish Strong Stakeholder group Focus on Rail Corridor East of Cork Comprehensive Travel Survey Development of Soft Measures Suite Implementation Evaluation and Conclusions
Travel Survey Requirements As a baseline for monitoring changes over time, particularly the impact of opening the Cork to Midleton railway line; To give a general picture of travel patterns, to inform the Council s transport and land use development policy; To underpin an assessment of the potential scale of the market for energy-efficient transport from each of these zones; To suggest how soft measures can best be targeted so as to increase the energy efficiency of transport in this corridor.
MIDAS Cork Travel Diary
Travel Diary Quantum 38,000 diaries distributed Publicity Campaign: Radio adverts for 1 week Press notices Editorial coverage in National Newspaper Promotional e-mails to major employers Registration: Website, postal or SMS 1092 registrations 634 completed diaries 60% of completions online prizes offered
Study Area
Travel Diary Results Trip Rates 4 longest trips on each of 7 days recorded Max no. of trips = 28 634 respondents 5.2% gave details of full trips 1.3% gave no trip details Mean = 17.1 one way trips per week
Trip Distribution 60 50 40 Frequ ency 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Trips recorded
Trip Types Trip types divided into three categories In study corridor 52% of trips In City area 39% of trips In East Cork Area 9% of trips 9/10 respondents commuted within corridor each day Types of respondent identified: we can draw comparisons
Trips between city destinations 14% 1% 6% 5% 3% 0% Trips in corridor 0% 0% 26% 2% 6% 4% 12% 45% 25% East Cork trips Bike Bus Car - unspecified Car 1-person Car 2+persons Other Train Walk 51% 2% 0% 5% 0% 1% 20% 34% 38%
Mode Share Car Trips: 92% in East Cork 88% in Corridor 76% in City Single-occupant cars have the largest share of the market Train has significant share of market (6%) in corridor only. Outside of rail corridor, next highest mode share is walking. Bus use is highest for trips within the city area and lowest for trips entirely within East Cork.
Understanding Travel Choices Walking Walking is the most sustainable mode No. of walking trips drops off > 30 mins 30 mins walking at 5 kph = 2.5 km 120 100 80 Freque ncy 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Minutes
Walking Isochrones map showing 30 minute walk from Kent railway station
Cycling Only 18 out of 634 respondents (2.8%) made any trips at all where the main mode was bicycle Average of one return journey each Cycling is for recreational use only Cycling had a 3.8% share of station access trips this may have potential
Train Within these specific markets, the rail share of total travel is as follows: Between Cobh/Glounthaune and city centre: 42.9% Between Cobh/Glounthaune and rest of city: 10.8% Between rest of East Cork and city centre: 6.3% Between Cobh town, Cobh rural & Glounthaune: 5.4% A high proportion of rail users are walking from the station to their ultimate destination. Access/egress modes for rail journeys Bus 60 16% Car/Other 87 24% Both 11 3% Neither 212 57% TOTAL 370 100%
Bus Spatial distribution of bus trips by car ownership Bus mode share by car ownership Bus mode share by journey purpose Bus mode share is highest for trips: to school and college - 8.4% other trips - 2% Bus use falls by a factor of ten as people become sole-use car owners.
Multi Person Trips 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 frequency 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 2 3 occupancy Increasing average occupancy may be an effective way of improving energy efficiency. Attracting even a small percentage of these travellers to more energyefficient means of travel will have a significant impact. Targeting work trips should be a high priority. 4 5+ COLLEGE WORK HOME LEISURE BUSINESS / OTHER SCHOOL purpose
Analysing the Market Traveller Categories Group # Label Defining characteristic Number of responden ts in group % of market 0 Non-travellers No trips recorded in survey week 6 0.9% 1 PT regulars At least 6 bus or train trips recorded in survey week 55 8.7% 2 PT occasionals 1-5 bus or train trips recorded in survey week 55 8.7% 3 Car mixers No PT use, but make some non-car trips 74 11.7% 4 softcore All recorded trips are by car, but have used bus or train within the last month 5 hardcore All recorded trips by car; no bus or train use in last month 6 semiresponsive All recorded by trips by car; no data on attitudes or last PT use 161 25.4% 247 39.0% 29 4.6% 7 bikers No car or PT trips recorded 7 1.1% TOTAL 634 100% Development of Soft Transport Measures requires a good understanding of the target market
Analysing the Market Attitude Questions Attitudes to Private Car Attitudes to Public Transport Attitudes to Slow Modes Analysis of attitudes by traveller category What people say does not seem to match up with what they do. The role of soft measures is not to change attitudes; it is to convert theoretical willingness into actual change of behaviour.
Soft Measures within MIDAS Measure 1 Information Brochure Measure 2 Walking Route to Rail Station Measure 3 Poster Campaign Measure 4 Promotion Day
Soft Measures within MIDAS Measure 1: Information Brochure First joint publication between stakeholders Copies distributed throughout East Cork Available in libraries and key employment centres Highlights bus/rail and airport connectivity Bus/Rail timetable and fare information Promotes energy efficient transport options
Soft Measures within MIDAS Information Brochure
Soft Measures within MIDAS Information Brochure
Soft Measures within MIDAS Measure 2: Walking to Bus/Rail Station 30 min walk time within the City centre Consultants survey identified route options in city Sign designs to show walking times and direction Good cooperation between City and County
Soft Measures within MIDAS Route Options
Soft Measures within MIDAS Measure 3: Poster Campaign Targeted at car commuters in rail catchments Identify suitable poster locations Professional design of posters Promotes energy efficient transport options Distribution of 12 posters around high employment areas
Soft Measures within MIDAS Posters (Roll Up and Pop Up)
Soft Measures within MIDAS Measure 4: Promotion Day Highlight soft measures identified Promote soft measure of project Raise awareness of sustainable travel Highlight energy issues associated with transport in study area
Soft Measures within MIDAS
Soft Measures within MIDAS Lessons Learned Inter agency stakeholder Steering Group very important Web based travel diary very successful tool Implementation of soft measures by single agency Field visits are essential learning measure Soft measures should accompany opening of railway line Increased public awareness of energy efficiency in public transport measures Midas project has enhanced the integration of land use and transportation policy and plans