COMPARISON OF SOME ANTROPOMETRIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS AND CONTROL GROUP IN KOCAELI Çolak.T.*, Gönener.A**., Bamaç.B.*, Sertbaş.K.**,Taşkıran.Y.**,Özbek.A.*, Bamaç.Y.* Atalı L.*** *Kocaeli University, School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy, Turkey ** Kocaeli Üniversity School of Physical Education and Sport, Turkey ***P.E. and Sport Teacher, Turkey INTRODUCTION It is a high risc factor that people who enter sport activities will have a helth problem or deformity (1).In sport life process there will be some morphological diffrences in bone, muscles, nerves and articulations (2). It is very important to know the morphological structure of human body (3). In our study we have used ice hockey game which is the different type of sport in the world.ice hockey is a fast and furious game. It s well known that adaptational process following athletic training effect muscles, tendons, bones and nerves of the athlete. MATERIAL METHOD Our subjects were 21 males ice hockey players from municipality of İzmit, as well as 21 males who make up the non-active control group which is not involved in regular or organised sports activities.the average age of the sportsmen included in the study was 18,56 ± 1,71 years and average age of the control group was 18,46 ± 1,91 years. These people have all been dealing with ice hockey for at least 5 years.care was taken to ensure that the people were elite and professional sportsmen who had daily training 10 hours a week.we evaluated the goniometric measurements and grip strenght only in the upper extremity in ice hockey.in this study age, height, weight anthropometric measurements (extremity lenghts, assessment of normal joint movements, body mass index, cormique index, upper and lower part index, acromio-iliacus index, hip index and somatotip), compared with the control group. 1
We used dinamometre for measuring hand grip strength. Range of motion was evaluated by standard to measure goniometric technique (4,5,6). We used eloctronic weighbridge ( Tanita 0,01) for weigth measurement, stadiometre for heigth and sitting length, wall scale for fathom length and for the other length measurement we used caliper. Also in amplitude measurement we used caliper and convoluted edge caliper ( 0,2mm acuity). For skin convoloution thickness we used Holtaim Skinfold ( 101mm). The practice field of this study was Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine and Sport Science Research Center. RESULTS : Table Comparison of all values between ice hockey players and controls. Measurement Type Ice Hockey Player s Averages Control Group s Averages Mann-Whitney U test (P) Value Upper Ext. Length (cm). 72,63 73,03 403,500 0,491 Lower Ext. Length (cm). 91,2 91,91 410 0,552 Heigth (cm.) 172,4680 168,7446 401 0,214 Weigth (kg) 61,046 68,640 198 0,041 HandGrip Strength 49,87 35,65 214 0,004 Shoulder Flexion 180 180 450 1,00 Shoulder Hyperex. 57,566 54,166 193,500 0,01 Shoulder Abd. 180 179,83 435 0,317 Shoulder Hyp. Add. 43,33 38,93 228,500 0,00 Shoulder Ext.Rot. 89,93 84,2 188,500 0,00 Shoulder İnt.Rot. 70 64,43 176,500 0,00 Elbow Fleks. 133,16 144,16 152 0,00 Elbow HypEkstan. 0,166 1,033 347,500 0,015 Forearm Supination 84,333 78,333 166 0,00 Forearm Pronation 84,83 78,833 195,500 0,00 Wrist Fleks. 89,73 85,866 173 0,00 Wrist Ekstan. 68,96 60,46 239 0,01 Wrist Rad. Dev. 29,23 27,63 285,500 0,009 2
Wrist Uln.Dev. 20,03 18,8 276,500 0,006 Hip Length 162,3333 161,466 401 0,14 Sitting Heigth 88,4667 89,6 398,89 0,78 Foot Length 26,5619 27,66 410 0,98 Hand Length 19,0714 18,96 387,4 1,00 Biceps.Perimeter 24,1048 20,012 198,97 0,01 Waist Perimeter 69,5048 76,12 204,43 0,003 Calf Perimeter 34,2714 29,78 187 0,00 Knee Perimeter 33,8048 29,67 218,89 0,001 Chest Perimeter 81,9238 76,78 256,62 0,03 Hip Perimeter 89,2048 79,889 201,3 0,007 Abdomen Perimeter 73,6476 78,9821 234 0,04 Shoulder Perimeter 100,8286 91,2348 197,8 0,002 Forearm Perimeter 24,1143 20,12 199,61 0,004 Thigh Perimeter 45,6476 39,46 187,32 0,000 Hand Wrist Perimeter 16,5619 13,62 199,45 0,002 Biacro. 23,4952 20,12 202,43 0,04 Biatroc. 37,2857 34,46 231,46 0,04 Biiliac. 29,7143 26,67 246,65 0,05 Elbow Amp. 26,4762 23,46 219,65 0,03 Knee Amp. 6,6095 6,1004 400,64 0,12 Biceps ST 4,1952 4,9832 301 0,03 Triceps ST 7,7143 8,0123 298 0,02 Suprailiac ST 11,6476 12,4645 287,65 0,02 Supscap. ST 9,0667 10,0678 301 0,03 Calf ST 11,1143 13,3467 300,46 0,02 End 2,7448 2,3448 304 0,06 Mes 2,6986 2,9889 399 1,00 Ect.. 3,7633 3,6123 404 1,00 Fat 13,7329 16,7867 215 0,003 BMI 20,1986 21,2348 398 0,07 3
Acromio. Iliacus Index 71,0622 72,2456 387 0,98 Upper and lower Index 1,0414 1,1234 401 0,078 Cormique Index 50,9795 52,6757 368,89 0,81 Hip Index 15,4326 16,4667 346,7 046 DISCUSSION : Player s musculuskeletal base is important in ice hockey. Training studies have attempted to improve specific components of hockey fitness.ice hockey is a physically demanding sport which probably imposes the highest impact and weight bearing load upon the skeleton and muscles. Our results are in accordance with those of previous studies that have shown the effect of playing ice hockey on player s morphology (7,8). In ice hockey players, it appears that training and playing ice hockey might influence range of motion, body structure and muscle strenght a possitive direction. The observed differences in body structure in ice hockey players can be related to the type of loading the skeleton undergoes playing ice hockey in this study. REFERENCES 1- ERGEN.E: Spor Hekimliği.TTB Spor Hekimliği Kolu Yayınları. Ankara, 1992. 2- OĞUZ.H. Tıbbi Rehabilitasyon.Konya, TURKEY,1995. 3- GÖNENER A. ve ark. Kocaeli Bölgesi Buz Hokeyi Sporcularının Bazı Antropometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, 7. Uluslararsı Sporbilimleri Kongresi, Antalya, 2002 4- CARROLL.R. : Tennis Elbow : Incidence in Local League Players Brit.J.Sports.Med. 15(4):250-256, 1981. 5- KULUND.D.N., MCCUE.F.C., ROCKWELL.DA., GİECK.J.H.: Tennis Injuries: Prevention and Treatment, a Review. Am.J.Sports.Med. 7:249-53, 1979. 4
6- HASÇELİK.Z.: Spor Sakatlıkları Nasıl Engellenebilir?. T.C. Başbakanlık Gençlik ve Spor Genel Müdürlüğü Eğitim Dairesi Başkanlığı. Ankara, 1990. 7- GROGER A., OETTL GM., TUSKER F.: Antropometry And Muscle Force Measuremant of German Male National Junior Hockey Players. Sportverletz Sportschaden. Dec.15(4):87-91,2001. 8- AGRE JC, CASAL DC, LEON AS, MCNALLY, BAXTER TL, SERFASS RC. Professional Ice Hockey Players : Physiologic, Anthropometric and Musculoskeletal Characteristics. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Mar. 69 (3pt1) : 188-92,1988. 5