An American Profile: The United States and Its People

An American Profile: The United States and Its People 1 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 1 12/16/8 11:1:32 PM

An American Profile: The United States and Its People 3 Table 1 Population, Percentage Change, and Racial Composition for the United States, 179 26 Census 179 18 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 19 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 2 26 Population of United States 3,929,214 5,38,483 7,239,881 9,638,453 12,866,2 17,69,453 23,191,876 31,443,321 39,818,449 5,189,29 62,979,766 76,212,168 92,228,496 16,21,537 123,22,624 132,164,569 151,325,798 179,323,175 23,32,31 226,542,199 248,718,32 281,424,63 31,55,316 Increase over Preceding Census Racial Composition, Percent Distribution* Number Percentage White Black Latino Asian 1,379,269 1,931,398 2,398,572 3,227,567 4,23,433 6,122,423 8,251,445 8,375,128 1,37,76 12,79,557 13,232,42 16,16,328 13,793,41 17,181,87 8,961,945 19,161,229 27,997,377 23,978,856 23,24,168 22,176,13 32,76,31 2,8,713 35.1 36.4 33.1 33.5 32.7 35.9 35.6 26.6 26. 25.5 21. 21. 15. 16.2 7.3 14.5 18.5 13.4 11.4 9.8 13.1 6.7 8.7 81.1 81. 81.6 81.9 83.2 84.3 85.6 86.2 86.5 87.5 87.9 88.9 89.7 89.8 89.8 89.5 88.6 87.6 85.9 83.9 81. 8.1 19.3 18.9 19. 18.4 18.1 16.8 15.7 14.1 13.5 13.1 11.9 11.6 1.7 9.9 9.7 9.8 1. 1.5 11.1 11.8 12.1 12.7 12.8 4.5 6.4 9. 12.5 14.8.1.2.2.2.3.3.3.4.4.4.5.7 1.5 2.9 3.8 4.4 * Not every racial group included (e.g., no Native Americans). Persons of Latino origin may be of any race. Data for 198, 199, 2, and 26 add up to more than 1% because those who identify themselves as Latino could still be counted as White. First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. (Sources: Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, updated by relevant Statistical Abstract of the United States.) Figure 1 Population Density and Distribution, 179 2 % Urban* % Rural Population per square mile 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 94.9 5.1 93.9 92.8 92.8 91.2 89.2 6.1 7.2 7.2 8.8 1.8 84.7 15.3 8.2 19.8 75.1 24.9 71.8 28.2 64.9 35.1 6.3 39.7 54.3 45.7 48.8 51.2 43.8 43.5 56.2 56.5 36. 64. 3.1 69.9 26.5 26.3 73.5 73.7 179 18 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 19 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 2 * The Bureau of the Census defines urban as communities of 2,5 or more inhabitants. First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. (Sources: Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, updated by relevant Statistical Abstract of the United States.) 24.8 75.2 21. 79. 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 3 12/16/8 11:1:32 PM

4 An American Profile: The United States and Its People Figure 2 Changing Characteristics of the U.S. Population Birthrates per thousand women ages 15 44 35 Globally, 28 3 13.7 Rate 25 2 12.7 22.2 7.9 15 1 19 192 194 196 198 2 8 2. 1.7 Median age of population (years) 4 Globally, 28 3 33.6 39.2 Age 25.1 2 43.8 26. 1 182 185 19 195 8 2 39.9 Household size Average number of household members 6 5 4 3 2 1 179 185 188 191 194 197 9 28 Globally, 28 3.5 2.4 5.3 2.6 4.3 2.3 (Sources: B. R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics, 4th ed. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 23; The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 28 ed. London: Profile Books Ltd., 27; CIA World Factbook; Historical Statistics of the United States; and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 4 12/16/8 11:1:32 PM

An American Profile: The United States and Its People 5 Life expectancy at birth 8 Globally, 28 7 73.2 Age 6 5 8.9 69.3 82.1 4 3 19 192 194 196 198 2 8 75.8 75.9 Infant mortality 15 Globally, 28 Per 1, live births 12 9 6 3 Total White Black 21.2 3.4 32.3 2.8 19 192 193 195 197 199 2 28 4.9 Median age at first marriage 3 28 Age 26 24 Male 22 Female 2 189 191 193 195 197 199 2 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 5 12/16/8 11:1:32 PM

6 An American Profile: The United States and Its People Figure 3 Energy Use Energy Sources Among Countries Natural Gas 5.32%, 196.19% Oil 3.55% 36.47%, 24 Oil 1.3% 5.4% 1.53% 3.24% 54.47% 79.5%, 196, 24 Oil 9.18%.9% Oil 17.6% 32.21% 26.37% 27.45% 5.65% 22.79% 8.78%, 24, 24 2.55% 9.48% 12.69% Oil 5.39% 69.5% Oil 31.6% 38.85% 1.66% 11.25% 4.1% 2.27% 1.6%, 196 Oil 15.4%, 25 2.35% Oil 1.25% 34.6% 81.9% 4.59% 1.25% (Source: The World Bank.) 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 6 12/16/8 11:1:32 PM

An American Profile: The United States and Its People 7 United States, 196 United States, 25 Oil 6.42% Oil 3.35%.7% Natural Gas 21.14% 53.91% 19.61% 17.64% 5.4% 18.44% 6.54% Energy Consumption Among Countries 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, United States 1, kwh per capita 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 196 1964 1968 1972 1976 198 1984 1988 1992 1996 2 24 24 22 CO 2 Emissions Among Countries 2 18 United States Metric tons per capita 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 196 1964 1968 1972 1976 198 1984 1988 1992 1996 2 23 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 7 12/16/8 11:1:32 PM

8 An American Profile: The United States and Its People Figure 4 Characteristics of the U.S. Labor Force, 19 27 Total labor force (age 16 or over, employed and unemployed seeking work) 16 Gender composition of labor force, 19 27 (percentage of men and women in civilian labor force) 1 Top three occupational categories (rank based on total numbers) for workers age 14 and older Millions of persons 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 187 19 193 196 199 27 Percentage 75 5 25 Men Women 19 192 194 196 198 2 7 farm manual* white collar service Rank 1 2 3 19 192 194 196 198 27 *Manual workers = operators, fabricators, and laborers plus precision production, craft, and repair. White-collar workers = managerial and professional plus technical, sales, and administrative support. (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics, relevant years.) Figure 5 Leading Economic Sectors (various years) Construction 7.9 Mining 1.4 1849 Percentage of value 1899 added contributed Construction 12.6 Manufacturing 32.1 Agriculture 59.3 Mining 4.6 Agriculture 33.3 Manufacturing 49.3 Government 8.7 Agriculture 7.6 Trade 18.7 1949 Agriculture.9 26 Communication 1.6 Mining 1.9 Services Utilities 2. Government 8.9 Transportation 5.7 Transportation 2.8 11.7 Communication 4.4 Manufacturing 28. Construction 4.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate 1.8 Mining 3.2 Construction 4.9 Manufacturing 12.2 Trade 12.6 Services 25.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate 21. Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States, Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Bureau of Economic Analysis.) 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 8 12/16/8 11:1:33 PM

An American Profile: The United States and Its People 9 Figure 6 Gross Domestic Product Per Capita by Country, 28 United States United Kingdom $1,7 $73 $7,18 $36,83 $35,39 $35,15 $41,64 (Source: The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 28 ed. London: Profile Books Ltd., 27.) Figure 7 Comparative Tax Burdens (percentage of gross domestic product paid as taxes in major industrial countries, 26) Sweden Belgium Italy Netherlands 39.5% United Kingdom 37.4% Germany 35.7% United States 28.2% 27.4% 44.8% 44.5% 42.7% 5.1% (Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.) Figure 8 The Federal Budget Dollar and How It Is Spent, by Major Category 196 198 26 Health.9 Education 1.1 Interest 7.5 Income Security* National Defense 49 Other 21.7 Health 1 Education 5.4 Interest 11.2 19.8 National Income Defense Security* 23.1 33.9 Other 16.4 Other 8.8 Interest 8.5 National Defense 19.7 Education 4.5 Health 21.9 Income Security* 36.6 *Includes Social Security payments to the elderly and disabled, unemployment compensation, and welfare. Note the shifting emphasis in the budget from defense spending to health and income security, and to interest payments on the national debt. (Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 9 12/16/8 11:1:33 PM

1 An American Profile: The United States and Its People Figure 9 The U.S. Balance of Trade, 19 26 Billions of dollars 1 19.55 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 22 24.19 2.95.78 1.4 1.42 4.89 2.6 26 Status of the balance of trade 1 2 3 4 5 6 25.5 111.4 96.9 165.83 191. 248.22 454.69 58. 669.58 7 8 838.27 9 (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) Figure 1 Tariff Levies on Dutiable Imports, 1821 25 (ratio of duties to value of dutiable imports) Percentage 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 1828 Tariff of Abominations Compromise Tariff, 1833 Tariff of 1842 Walker Tariff, 1846 Tariff of 1857 Morrill Tariff, 1861 McKinley Tariff, 189 Wilson-Gorman Tariff, 1894 Dingley Tariff, 1897 Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 199 Underwood Tariff, 1913 Emergency Tariff, 1921 Fordney-McCumber Tariff, 1922 Smoot-Hawley Tariff, 193 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 1934 General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade, 1947 1962 Trade Expansion Act Kennedy Round, 1967 Trade Reform Act, 1974 Trade & Tariff Act, 1984 North American Free Trade Agreement, 1993 3 2 1 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 19 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 2 5 (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States, Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and United States International Trade Commission.) 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 1 12/16/8 11:1:33 PM

An American Profile: The United States and Its People 11 Figure 11 Gross Domestic Product in Current and Chained 2 Dollars* 14, 13, 12, 11, 1, U.S. dollars (in billions) 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Chained 2 dollars Current dollars 1, 193 1935 194 1945 195 1955 196 1965 197 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 * Chained dollars based on U.S. Department of Commerce measure for expressing real dollars adjusted to inflation. Uses year 2 as base year. (Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) 153641_EM_AmPro.indd 11 12/16/8 11:1:33 PM