Survey of Agriculture Systems Animal Science
Define Terms Animal Science The science of animal growth, care, and management. Animal Welfare Line of thinking that proposed that animals should be treated well and that their comfort and well-being should be considered in their production.
Define Terms Animal Rights Line of thinking that proposed that animals have the same rights as people. Breed A group of animals having similar physical characteristics that are passed on to their offspring. Gestation Length of pregnancy.
Define Terms Lactation Period of time when mammals are producing milk. Monogastric A simple-stomached animal. Literally means one stomach. Parturition The process of giving birth.
Define Terms Polled Genetically without horns. Ruminant any animal having a multiple compartment stomach and being capable of digesting roughages.
Different Categories of Animals Beef: Dairy: Sheep:
Swine: Goats: Poultry:
Aquaculture: Equine: Small Animal: Wildlife:
Products from Animals Bone for bone china Horn and Bone handles for carving sets. Hides and Skins for leather goods. Gelatin for marshmallows & camera film. Lanolin for cosmetics. Medicines; hormones, insulin, epinephrine, cortisone, and surgical sutures.
Products from Animals Animal fats for soap and feed. Wool for clothing. Camel s hair (actually cattle ears) for artists brushes. Cutting oils and other special industrial lubricants. Curled hair for upholstery. Leather for fine furniture.
Products from Animals
Products from Animals Beef Cattle Beef, Veal Sheep Lamb, Mutton Pigs Pork Dairy Cattle Milk Goats Chevon Poultry- Turkey, Chicken, Eggs Fish
Digestive Systems Ruminant An animal that has a stomach with more than one compartment. -Examples: Cattle, Sheep, Goats Monogastric A simple stomached animal. - Examples: Horses, Pigs, Chickens
Sexual Classification Cattle Bovine Species name for cattle Bull Adult Male Cow Adult Female Heifer Young Female Steer Castrated Male Calf - Newborn
Sexual Classification
Sexual Classification Swine Boar Adult Male Sow Adult Female Gilt Young Female Barrow Castrated Male Piglet - Newborn
Sexual Classification
Sexual Classification Sheep Ram Adult Male Ewe Adult Female Ewe Lamb Young Female Wether Castrated Male Lamb - Newborn
Sexual Classification
Sexual Classification Goats Buck Adult Male Doe Female Wether Castrated Male Kid - Newborn
Sexual Classification
Sexual Classification Horse Stallion Adult Male Mare Adult Female Filly Young Female Colt Young Male Gelding Castrated Male Foal - Newborn
Sexual Classification
Sexual Classification Chicken Rooster or Cock Adult Male Hen Adult Female Pullet Young Female Cockerels Young Male Chick Newborn Broiler 4-6 lbs and 4-7 weeks old.
Gestation and Characteristics of Livestock Gestation - Length of pregnancy. Cow: 283-285 Days Sow: 112-114 Days Ewe:145-150 Days Nanny:145-150 Days Mare: 335-340 Days
Angus Classification: English Breed Color: Black Polled Maternal Breed
Brahman Classification: American Breed Color: Grey and Red Horned Excellent for Crossbreeding
Charolais Classification: Exotic Breed Color: White Polled and Horned Carcass Merit
Hereford Classification: English Color: White Face and Underline with red body. Horned and Polled Maternal breed
Holstein Classification: Dairy Color: Black and White Highest Total lbs. of Milk
Yorkshire Color: White with erect ears Maternal Breed
Hampshire Color: Black with unbroken white belt with erect ears. Hardy, Vigor, leanness
American Landrace Color: White with a long body and drooping ears. Known for their admirable meatiness and trim carcass.
Duroc Color: Red with large drooping ears. Fast and efficient growth, reproductive efficiency, cleanness, and meatiness. Large, rugged size. Original Name: Jersey Red
Suffolk Color: White body with black head, legs, and feet. Medium Wool Type
Hampshire Color: White body with black head with wool cap, legs, and feet. Rapid growth and efficient feed conversion
Boer White body with red along upper neck and face. #1 meat type goat breed
Nubian Classification: Dairy Produces greater lbs. of milk.
Clydesdale
Quarter Horse The early improvement in the Quarter Horse-so called because of its great speed at one quarter of a mile. Most popular all around work horse.
Beef Cattle Operations Cow/Calf Operation Purebred or Commercial. Stocker operation Buys weaned calves, grows and prepares them for the feedlot between 400lbs-800lbs.
Beef Cattle Operations Finishing Operation Feedlot feeding cattle between 900lbs-1200lbs. Elite Purebred Operation Registered breed of cattle that produce purebred bulls for commercial operations and replacement heifers
Swine Operations Farrow Operation Sow operation in which baby pigs are raised and sold as feeder pigs. Grower/Finisher Operation Buys feeder pigs and feeds them to market weight and sells them to packer. Farrow to Finish Raises, Feeds and Sells market hogs without the middle man.
Swine Operations
Sheep Operation Wool and Meat Operations
Goat Operation Dairy Goat produces milk Meat Goat produces meat
Poultry Operation Laying Operation produce eggs. Broiler Operation produce meat; breast, legs, thighs, and quarters. Broiler weigh 4-7lbs., 6-7 weeks old and are used for meat.
Other Careers in Animal Science Veterinarian: Large and small animal doctors. Animal Nutritionist: Experts in understanding the chemical make-up of foods and how it will affect the animals growth & behavior. Animal Trainer: Could range from small to large animals. Responsible for the training and caring for animals.