Country report - India NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY 07/10/2010 XXVI DBCP meeting 28 September 2010
Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Trichy 2
FOCUS 1/5 of world population 50 % living along the coast UN HABITAT 2008 6 Mega Coastal cities Unique Coral reef, mangroves, Sea Gras ecosystem Climate Change Bangladesh, Maldives Himalayan Glaciers Tsunami, Cyclones, Delayed Monsoons, Unprecedented Rain Flash Floods, Sea Level Rise 60 % Oil Tanker Traffic Fishing: Artesian, Mechanized
Coastal Population and ocean observations Region is characterized by very low per capita income 1.3 billion people approx which is 22 per cent (more than one-fifth) of the world's total population. Nearly half of the world's poorest people live in this region. The excessive population burden puts serious pressures on the limited natural resources causing adverse impacts on the environment GDP -Agriculture Monsoon
Scientific interest Climate change Monsoon MJO CTCZ Equatorial current Tsunami has brought more focus 3-D structure of MJO (Rui and Wang (1990)
Indian Ocean Observation Programme Moored buoys INCOIS Argo profiling floats 16 India and 14 more others proposed 51 in one year 69 floats are active out of 184 floats deployed NIO Drifting Buoys 23 deployed 25 SVP B drifters to be deployed to study monthly climatology of surface currents on 2 x 2 grid Expendable Bathythermographs (XBTs) 567 XBT and 141 XCTD profiles Current meter arrays 7 equatorial are operational Proposed to enhance to 9 ADCP moorings Deployed in 6 locations in eastern Indian coast 6
Indian Nation Centre for Ocean Information Centre Tsunami warning system Tide gauge network Seismic stations Ocean State Forecast Wave data HF radar GIS maps Satellite data Weather forecast Capacity building OOS Indian Government yearly budget 60 million USD Ship time 5 million USD IOGOOS Collaboration MoES & NOAA RAMA India Indonesia South Asian Seas Programme UNEP India, Bangladesh, Pakistan Maldives Sri Lanka 7
India Moored buoy Programme 1997 2010 BUOY TYPE DURATION DEPLOYMENT RETRIEVAL TOTAL OPERATIONS TSUNAMI BUOY 2005 2010 71 35 106 MOORED BUOY DEEP SEA SURFACE 1997 2010 306 177 483 MOORED BUOY DEEP SEA SUBSURFACE approx MOORED COASTAL (WAVE, CURRENT) approx 1986 2010 252 230 482 1984 2010 200 180 380 GRAND TOTAL 1451 COLLOBORATION WITH NOAA, WHOI usa & GERMANY
AD 2 15 0 N 69 0 E Significant finding Stored data Surface sensors recorded continuous measurements. Though the buoy stopped transmission in November 2009, measurements were recorded in the DAS. Wind direction plot clearly shows the reversal of winds from south west monsoon to north east monsoon AD02 Wind Direction Plot Wind Direction (deg) 360 270 180 90 0 31.05.09 17.06.09 06.07.09 25.07.09 12.08.09 29.08.09 15.09.09 02.10.09 20.10.09 06.11.09 23.11.09 10.12.09 27.12.09 13.01.10 31.01.10 17.02.10 06.03.10 23.03.10 Date 07/10/2010
12 buoy net work activity ROAD MAP Proposed to establish by March 2011 2 OMNI buoy (Ocean Moored buoy Network in Indian ocean) 10 Met Ocean Buoy OMNI Fugrooceanor 14 million NOK Additional 25 million NOK by 2011 Excluding ship time NIOT MET OCEAN BUOYS Budget 2010-2011 RAMA BUOY NETWRK 10
Cruise Plan from October 2010 to November 2010 Cruise Plan from April 2011 to March 2012
OOS- WORKING BUOY NETWORK by October 2010 by January 2011 by March 2011
PRESENT BOUY BD06 Parameter Reporting Range Sample Interval Total System Accuracy Air Pressure 990 to 1020 hpa 3hr ±0.1 hpa Air Temperature 10 to 38 C 3hr ±0.3 C Wind Direction 0 to 360 deg 3hr ±1 deg Wind speed 0 to 40 m/s 3hr ±0.3 m/s Wind gust 0 to 40 m/s 3hr CM_SST 15 to 35 C 3hr ±0.16 C Humidity 30 to 100% 3hr ±1% Current speed 0.01 to 600 cm/s 3hr ±1 cm/s Current Direction 0 to 359 deg 3hr ±5 deg
OMNI BOUY NETWORK Fugro Oceanor Parameter Reporting Range Reporting Resolution Sample Interval Sample Period Total System Accurac Wind Speed 1 20m/s 0.2 m/s 3hr. 10 min ±0.3 m/s Wind Direction 0 355 deg 1.4 deg 3hr. 10 min 5 8 deg Air Pressure 800 1100 hpa 0.1hPa 3hr. 90 sec. 0.01% Air Temperature 14 32 C 0.01 C 3hr. 10 sec ±0.2 C Rainfall 0 50mm 0.2 mm/hr 3hr. 15 min ±0.4 mm/hr Relative Humidity 0 100% 3hr. 10 min Ocean Current profile Single point 0 256 cm/s 0 600 cm/s 0.1 cm/s Dir: 2.5 deg 3hr. 10 sec(on every hour basis) ±5 cm/s Downwelling long wave radiation Downwelling short wave radiation Sea Temperature & Conductivity with press. sensor 200 W/m 2 0.1/0.2 W/m 2 3 hr. ±0.1% 200 1000 W/m 2 0.4 W/m 2 3hr. ±0.1% 5 to 35 C 0 70S/m Directional wave spectra ±15m 2 30 sec T: 0.002 C C: 0.0003 ms/cm P:0.1% Heave, Pitch and roll 3 hr. 10 seconds 3 hr. 17.5 min (<10 cm accuracy)
Coral Reef buoy MPA March 2011 Arctic buoy end 2011 Reference station
Challenges 16
Shipping traffic oil tankers Deep sea fishing Reduced coastal fishing resources Enhanced deep sea fishing Tuna gill nets, trawl nets, long voyage vessels Interest region for many countries for fishing Well equipped fishing vessels Port developments
Vandalism
Buoy Vandalism DBCP has prepared a document on VANDALISM WMO has taken up this issue to UN General Assembly in order to preserve the integrity of monitoring systems that are so essential to preserving life and property in coastal communities around the world. calls upon [UN] Member States to take appropriate steps under their national law to prohibit damage of or interference with ocean and coastal observing systems, institute incentives to reward those who supply information that supports enforcement of such prohibitions, develop procedures to facilitate retrieval of non-functioning ocean and coastal observing systems, and educate local communities. Discussed during a side meeting during UNICPOLAS New York May 2009 Request to consider to forward this message to FAO and IMO
Where do we go Data : Priority programme Most expensive data Moored buoy Once tested and deployed no guarantee on performance What is life time System tested in lab may fail at sea Dynamics: Any surface buoy is subjected to wave dynamics Shiiping/fishing : chances of getting tampered/disturbed by passing vessels 20
Suggestions Instrumentation sensors, CPU Black box Product Standardization IEEE Requirement is low volume product How do we bring standardization Community of best Practices Discussed during MB task meeting on 28 Sept Thanks to Bill & Jon Suggestion to evolve a model to develop risk factor map with sites of shipping route, trawling, drift nets, spawning ground Surveillance Camera? Economics on moored buoy data? 21
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION dr.r.venkatesan@gmail.com