Accepted Manuscript. Divisions, Departments, and the 2018 Red Sox Baseball Team: Qualities of Leadership that Lead to Success

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1 Accepted Manuscript Divisions, Departments, and the 2018 Red Sox Baseball Team: Qualities of Leadership that Lead to Success Joseph S. Alpert MD Editor in ChiefThe American Journal of Medicine PII: S (18) DOI: Reference: AJM To appear in: The American Journal of Medicine Please cite this article as: Joseph S. Alpert MD Editor in ChiefThe American Journal of Medicine, Divisions, Departments, and the 2018 Red Sox Baseball Team: Qualities of Leadership that Lead to Success, The American Journal of Medicine (2018), doi: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

2 Divisions, Departments, and the 2018 Red Sox Baseball Team: Qualities of Leadership that Lead to Success Joseph S. Alpert, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Editor in Chief, The American Journal of Medicine Funding: None COI: None Authorship: The author is solely responsible for the content of this manuscript. I am a converted Red Sox baseball fan. I grew up in New Haven, Connecticut and was an ardent New York Yankees fan growing up. However, during my many years living in Massachusetts, as well as having numerous contacts with players for the Red Sox at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, I became a convert to the local religion, The Boston Red Sox, as well as a frequent visitor to their cathedral, Fenway Park. The 2018 Red Sox team had a spectacular season ending with crushing victories on their way to the World Series Championship. Sports writers have had a field day commenting upon the cohesiveness of the team under the superb leadership of Alex Cora. The media commentators have waxed poetic about Cora s ability to lead, inspire, and support his assembly of highly talented players. While listening to the many positive comments about this year s remarkable Red Sox team and their efficient cohesiveness, I was struck by the similarity between professional baseball teams and medical center departments of medicine and/or

3 subspecialty divisions. Both are staffed by extraordinarily talented individuals who continually strive for excellence in their respective positions. Both units require supportive, responsive, and intelligent leadership which understands the special qualities of each member of their team and seeks to enable the best possible performance by these individuals. Baseball players have special skills related to their position on the field of play and their place in the batting order. Some players are superb defensively while others have remarkable batting abilities. In order for the team to excel, each player has to strive for excellence while at the same time working closely with other team members. The same dictum holds true for Departments of Medicine and/or subspecialty divisions. The individuals comprising these units each have special skills, possibly multiple skills, but each member has to work efficiently and smoothly with the other team personnel. And, of course, there has to be a clear-sighted, enthusiastic, and supportive leader with a strong sense of fairness directing the medicine unit. If the members of this unit sense that the leader is playing favorites, team morale deteriorates. During my long career in academic medicine, I have served under a number of outstanding section chiefs of cardiology and chairpersons of medicine. I cannot comment on the success of my own periods of section and department leadership because of obvious personal bias. However, it was always clear to me when a section or department was being run efficiently and with evident success, just as it was not hard to distinguish units that were poorly run with resultant stress and inefficiency. Indeed, working in a section or department with poor leadership was an unpleasant experience with loss of enthusiasm and collegiality in the unit. Ultimately, work quality in these distressed units was not optimal and personal interactions among team members could become acerbic. What are the leadership qualities that distinguish a successful section or department head from those leaders lacking those inherent or learned abilities? My college roommate and long-term friend, David Gergen, has written a book that describes his close personal study of the leadership characteristics of the four US presidents under whom he served. 1 Gergen s keen observations led him to postulate that the following qualities distinguish a good leader from a poor one: personal character, idealism, political skill, and organizational strength. He notes

4 that many believe leaders are born, not made. It certainly appears that many of the best of the past century had leadership in their bones. But each of them gained enormously by studying and drawing upon the experiences of others. Training and understanding of the past have been indispensable to the preparation of most leaders. 1 My experience in medicine supports David s conclusions. Some of the leaders that I have worked under clearly had charismatic leadership qualities. They were idealistic, politically savvy, and scrupulously honest and fair. These individuals produced units with enthusiastic and efficient team members. Other leaders with whom I have worked lacked charismatic personality traits but were able to develop into effective chairpersons through study or coaching. A number of organizations offer effective leadership courses, for example, the excellent departmental leadership course offered each year by the American Association of Internal Medicine (AAIM) comprised, in part, of chairs of medicine in the US and Canada 2. In conclusion I believe strongly that excellent leadership qualities definitely determine how well professional baseball teams and medical units function. Some managers/chairpersons are born leaders while others have to make a conscious, strenuous effort to attain the necessary skills. As noted above, for those individuals not intrinsically charismatic, there are a variety of routes that can lead to a successful career as a leader such as the AAIM course mentioned above. As always, I welcome or written comments to any of my editorials at jalpert@shc.arizona.edu or on our blog at amjmed.org.

5 Bibliography 1. Gergen, D: Eyewitness to Power The Essence of Leadership Nixon to Clinton. 2000, Touchstone, Rockefeller Center, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York. Copyright, David Gergen. 2. Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine homepage: Accessed