Rules for Determining Significant Figures. AP Chemistry U01L05
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1 Rules for Determining Significant Figures AP Chemistry U01L05
2 Objectives: 1. identify the number of significant figures expressed in measurements. 2. round measurements to specified numbers of significant figures. 3. express solutions to calculations with the correct number of significant figures.
3
4 Significant Figures Any quantity less than 1 must have a leading zero.
5 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 1. All nonzero digits are significant. Ex. measurement: 125 g 3 significant figures Ex. measurement: 2 m 1 significant figure
6 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 2. Zeros between nonzero digits are significant. Ex. measurement: 101 g 3 significant figures Ex. Measurement: 1005 ml 4 significant figures
7 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 3. For numbers <1 and >-1: A zero to the left of a decimal point is not significant. This zero is referred to as a leading zero. Ex. measurement: 0.1 kg 1 significant figure Ex. measurement: 0.25 km 2 significant figures
8 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 4.A Zeros To the right of a nonzero digit but to the left of an understood decimal point are not significant. Ex. measurement: 100 g 1 significant figure Ex. measurement: 10 ml 1 significant figure
9 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 4.B Zeros To the right of a nonzero digit but to the left of an expressed decimal point are significant. Ex. measurement: 100. g 3 significant figures Ex. measurement: 10. m 2 significant figures
10 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 5. For numbers <1 and >-1: Zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the left of a nonzero digit are not significant. These zeros are referred to as placeholder zeros. Ex. measurement: 0.01 kg 1 significant figure Ex. measurement: L 1 significant figure
11 Rules for Determining Significant Figures 6. All zeros to the right of a decimal point and a nonzero digit are significant. Ex. measurement: 1.0 g 2 significant figures Ex. measurement: 1.00 g 3 significant figures Ex. measurement: g 4 significant figures
12 Significant Figures and Calculations
13 Objectives: 1. express the results of calculations involving multiplication or division with the appropriate number of significant figures. 2. express the results of calculations involving multiplication or division with the appropriate number of significant figures. 3. round measurements and results of calculations to a specified number of significant figures.
14 Pg. 16 text
15 Pg. 16 text
16 Multiplication and Division The number of significant figures expressed in the final answer is the same as the least precise measurement used in the calculation.
17 Example 1 Multiplication and Division Calculate the density of a sample of liquid substance with a mass of 5.00 g and a volume of 2.5 ml.
18 Addition and Subtraction The result has the same number of decimal places as the least precise measurement in the calculation.
19 Rules for Rounding In a series of calculations, always carry extra digits to the final result, then round the final answer. Determine at what decimal place the final answer is to be rounded. If the digit immediately to the right is 4 or less the preceding digit stays the same. If the digit immediately to the right is 5 or greater the preceding digit is increased by 1.
20 Example 1 Addition and Subtraction Add the following masses g 10.0 g g
21 Example 1 Rounding Round each of the following measurements to 3 significant figures g/cm g/cm 3
22 Homework 1. Read textbook section U01L05A1 pg #29-32, 35, 36 (33 points)
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