Communication of bicyclists with car drivers and safety critical events

Transcription

1 Communication of bicyclists with car drivers and safety critical events Christine Chaloupka-Risser Elisabeth Füssl Bicyclists face a high accident risk Safety: 138,400 pedestrians & cyclists killed in EU % of all road deaths across EU (pedestrians: 21%, cyclists: 8%) Slower decrease rate of deaths of unprotected road users than for motor vehicleusers(etsc 2015) : vehicle occupants: 53% pedestrians: 41%, cyclists: 37% Cycling is an increasingly popular alternative transport mode, but there are many cycling fatalities over the past decade (IRTAD) How can traffic safety for bicyclists be enhanced?

2 Main focus According to findings of studiestillnowcyclesafety policies should pay close attention to Speed reduction of motorists Harmonization of speed of different road users Intersection design - key design principles: visibility predictability support of ability to communicate Topics of the presentation Austrian research project BIKEALYZE naturalistic riding study in the cities of Vienna and Salzburg Theoretical framework: definition of safety critical events role of communication Data will be gained by mobile eye tracking GPS-based motion data, acceleration and steering direction video

3 BIKEALYZE- naturalistic cycling study Aim better understanding of critical situations and communication processes between bicyclists and car drivers and their effects Results: Identify and evaluate safety-critical events in relation to cycling infrastructure. Hypothesis: Infrastructure influences: willingness and predictions for communication between all road users: e. g. intersection design should enhance the visibility of cyclists. Partners Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbh FactumChaloupka& RisserOG PlanSinn Büro für Planung und Kommunikation GmbH PRISMA solutions EDV-Dienstleistungen GmbH Universität Salzburg, Interfakultärer Fachbereich für Geoinformatik Z_GIS FinancedbytheAustrianMinistryof Transportation In theframeof Mobilityof thefuture

4 Theoretical framework Safety critical events Safety criticsl events in traffic Arisein theframeof coactionof betweenpersonsand environment Occurmainlybychance Contain aspects of both safety and comfort: a) subjective feeling of safety: fear of accidents (related to man) b) usability problems(related to infrastructure)

5 Comfort and safety Comfort = positive emotional reaction because of exterior conditions/conditions of the environment Influencing factors of comfort = satisfaction of: Physiological needs: enoughspaceand light, surface of pavement? Needs of safety: sufficientsubjectivesafety, time to cross an intersection before turning cars etc.? Cognitive needs: sufficient support for orientation and communication? Understand where to go? Aesthetical needs: pleasent design? Dirt/ ice etc. Distinction objective/subjective!! It is necessary to distinquish between Perception of personsregardingsafetyand accessibilityand Objective situation: dataaboutaccidents/safety, accessibility etc. Bothlevelsdo notnecessarilymatch(e.g. everydayriders, children, parents with children, elderly etc.) Have to be considered and surveyed seperately with different qualitative & quantitative methods

6 Problematic communication Objective and subjective problematic situations: Car drivershonkingthehorn to getcyclistsout of their way = sign for disrespect Cycleinfrastructure(and view) obstructedby(parked) cars& generally non-observance by vehicle drivers Beingpressedbycardrivers Necessity to compensate ruthlessness of vehicle drivers Feeling of being inferior and underprivileged in relation to car drivers. less comfortable Source: Austrian Science Fund (Project n P G22) Interaction between cyclists and car drivers ; in depth interview data. September April 2015 Communication what for? Communication is essential in traffic in order to inform other road users To coordinate actions. To give feedback Understand others needs Necessary precondition: The other person must be perceived

7 Our focus Registrationof communicationaspects, methods Relations betweeninfrastructureand communication Cyclists equipped with specific tools provide naturalistic riding data Thetools: seebelow Equipped bicycle & rider

8 Equipped bicycle and rider Smart-phones forgps & Gyro-data, route-tracking GoPro Camera TobiiSmart Eye Tracking Glasses First Results from Pre-Tests Video- and eye tracking based

9 #1 Interaction no motorists DefinedAreasof Interest(AOI) Infrastructur e pavement, bridge Other cyclist Ped Where to go Infrastructure, pavement Mapping of dynamic AOIs(cyclist and pedestrian) within a more or less static scenery and low traffic speed; infrastructure = hardware #1 Interaction Gaze-Plot Gaze-Plots show the direction of eye movements and gaze time Total ridingand gazingtime sumof all gazeswithin4,44 sec

10 #1 Interaction Heat-Map r1 #2 Intersection with motorists Defined Areas of Interest Infrastructure Zebra #2 Infrastructure Traffic light Traffic Infrastructure Zebra #1 Where to go At intersectionselementsof infrastructure(zebracrossingsand trafficlights) = elementsfororientationand decisionwhereto rideon and high speed traffic

11 Folie 20 r1 ralf;

12 #2 Intersection Gaze-Plot Total ridingand gazingtime sumof all gazeswithin1,92 sec Gazesmainlyto theleftsideand themiddlepatof theroad #2 Intersection Heat-Map

13 Examples of discomfort and unsafety safety critical events infrastructure used for purpose other than intended infrastructure too narrow and used for purpose other than intended Support for orientation(?) Bad practice Where to go? Good practice If orientation absorbes too much time and energy no time for communication with other road users safety critical event

14 Results useful for Car drivers training Training of bicycle riders Recommendations for the design of bicycle infrastructure Input for road safety awareness campaigns Target groups: organizations and persons concerned with cycling infrastructure planning as well as cyclists interest groups (NGOs). lillibeth2.files.wordpress.com Thank you for your attention! 谢谢