Why is inflation pressure so important in bicycle tires?

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2 Why is inflation pressure so important in bicycle tires? Load Capacity Rolling Resistance Tire Wear Suspension Only tires with sufficient inflation pressure can bear the weight of a bicycle. The following applies for the road: The higher the inflation pressure the lower the rolling resistance of the tire. The susceptibility to punctures is also lower with high pressure. If the inflation pressure is continuously too low, premature tire wear is the result. Cracking of the sidewall is the typical consequence. Abrasion is also unnecessarily high. On the other hand, an under-inflated tire absorbs road shocks better. Wide tires are generally used at low pressure. The larger air volume is advantageous in that it absorbs road bumps and holes, but does not suffer from higher rolling resistance, less puncture protection or low tire wear. Sidewall wear Constant use at 1.5 bar Constant use at 4.5 bar How often should tire pressures be checked? Control Pressure gauge Track Pump Filling Station The inflation pressure should be checked and adjusted at least once a month. Even the best tubes constantly lose pressure as, contrary to car tires, the pressure required in bicycle tires is much higher and wall thickness much thinner. A pressure loss of 1 bar per month can be viewed as normal, but pressure loss will be much faster with high inflation pressures and much slower with low inflation pressures. When using latex tubes, it is best to check and adjust the inflation pressure before every ride. Use a pressure gauge to monitor the inflation pressure. The widespread thumb-test method is very inaccurate, as all tires will feel identically hard from a pressure of 2 bar up. The thumb test is completely insufficient for Marathon Plus tires due to the special puncture belt. Our air gauge Airmax is suitable as a testing instrument. With the correct valve or a small adapter, inflation pressures can be tested and adjusted at a gas station. The purchase of a track pump with an air gauge is recommended for all active cyclists. Inflation pressure check with the Airmax Pro. 30 Inflation Pressure

3 What is the correct pressure for my tire? Tire Inflation pressurewidth Recommendation: 20 mm 9,0 bar 130 psi 23 mm 8,0 bar 115 psi 25 mm 7,0 bar 100 psi 28 mm 6,0 bar 85 psi 30 mm 5,5 bar 80 psi 32 mm 5,0 bar 70 psi 35 mm 4,5 bar 65 psi 37 mm 4,5 bar 65 psi 40 mm 4,0 bar 55 psi 42 mm 4,0 bar 55 psi 44 mm 3,5 bar 50 psi 47 mm 3,5 bar 50 psi 50 mm 3,0 bar 45 psi 54 mm 2,5 bar 35 psi 57 mm 2,2 bar 32 psi 60 mm 2,0 bar 30 psi It is impossible to make a general recommendation on inflation pressure for a specific bicycle or a particular tire. The right inflation pressure depends mainly on the load exerted on the tire. This weight is mainly influenced by the weight of the rider and any luggage. Contrary to a car, the vehicle weight is only a minor part of the total weight. In addition there is a great diversity of individual preferences with regards to low rolling resistance or suspension comfort. The permitted inflation pressure range is marked on the tire sidewall. The higher the inflation pressure, the lower the rolling resistance, the tire wear and the less likelihood of a puncture. The lower the inflation pressure, the higher are the comfort and grip that the tires provide. The list of inflation pressure recommendations on the right can only provide a very general guide. The recommendations are for an average rider weighing about 75 kg. If the rider is heavier or carries luggage, a higher inflation pressure should be used. For each additional kilogram that the tire must carry (bike, rider, luggage), the inflation pressure should be increased by approx. 1%. It is recommended that higher inflation pressures are used on very small diameter tires such as recumbants and folding bikes. Lighter weight riders or riders who prefer a smooth or more comfortable ride can accordingly choose a lower inflation pressure, but the actual tire pressures should never be higher or lower than the maximum and minimum inflation pressures marked on the tire sidewall. Weight Tire width Individual preferences Recommended inflation pressure That s how it should look. The tire is hardly deformed under the weight of the rider. That s how it shouldn't look. The inflation pressure is far too low here. Inflation Pressure 31

4 How is a bicycle tire fitted? Fitting instructions An appropriate rim tape must completely and securely cover all spoke holes (fig. 1). Observe any rotation direction markings on the tire sidewall. Fit one side of the tire onto the rim. Slightly inflate the tube until it is round. Fit the valve through the valve hole in the rim. Place the tube into the tire (fig. 2). Never use sharp fitting tools (fig. 3). Starting opposite the valve mount the other tire side onto the rim. Ensure the tube is not pinched between the rim and the tire (fig. 4). The valve should be in an upright position (fig. 5). Center the tire before inflating it to the required pressure. Adjust the inflation pressure using a pressure gauge, e.g. the Schwalbe Airmax Pro pressure gauge. The permitted inflation pressure range is marked on the tire sidewall. Check the tire pressure at least once per month with an air gauge (fig. 6). 26 Fitting

5 Why is it sometimes so difficult to fit a tire? Fitting difficulties often arise when the diameters of the rim and the tire do not match perfectly. Rims may have a tolerance in diameter of +/- 0,5 mm. In addition, the height of the rim flank also may have a tolerance of +/- 0,5 mm. This adds up to a complete tolerance of +/- 1,55 in the outside diameter, or of +/- 4,7 mm in the outer circumference. This corresponds to a maximum possible circumferential difference of 9.4 mm between the largest and the smallest rim. Fitting difficulties Manufacturing tolerances ETRTO tolerances of crotchet type rims: D1 Bead Seat diameter ±0,5 mm G Rim flank height ±0,5 mm D2 Rim outer diameter, D1 + 2 x G = ±1,5 mm U Rim Circumference, D2 π = ±4,71 mm A tire must fit on both extremes. Because a safe fit must be ensured even on the smallest permissible rim diameter, the proper centering of the tire on the largest permissible rim can prove quite difficult. The circumferential tolerance of Schwalbe tires is ± 1 mm. The Marathon Plus has proven to be extremely difficult to fit, particularly in the very narrow version. Through the rigidity of the tire, the tire slips repeatedly from the drop-center and it is extremely hard to pull the last piece of the tire over the rim flange. A third hand, holding the tire tight in the drop-center on the opposite side, is very helpful here. Instead of a third hand, a zip tie or an old pedal strap can help keep the tire firmly in the drop-center during fitting. Marathon Plus A zip tie as the helping third hand. What can be done, if the tire cannot be centered? Rim line When the rim diameter is at maximum tolerance and the tire diameter is at minimum, it is difficult to get the tire beads onto the rim bead seat. Solution: Slightly over-inflate the tire for a short time, or put soapy water onto the tire beads to make them slip into place more easily. Our assembly fluid, Easy Fit, can be easily applied to the tire by use of the sponge applicator and without using extra tools or dirtying fingers. When inflating, the tire bead then glides easily into the right position on the rim. After approx. 10 minutes the liquid evaporates completely. When the rim diameter is at minimum and the tire diameter at maximum, the tire cannot be seated properly regardless of the tire pressure. This situation can generally be addressed by centring the tire by hand at low inflation pressure. Move the tire until the rim line is parallel to the rim all around the tire. Fitting aids Easy Fit Easy Fit with practical sponge applicator. Fitting 27

6 When is a tire worn out? Tread Sidewall Inflation Pressure In bicycle tires the tread is far less important than for instance in car tires. So using a tire with a worn out tread is less of a problem, that is of course with the exception of MTB tires. When the puncture protection belt or the carcass threads can be seen through the tread the tire has reached its wear limit and must be replaced. Because puncture resistance also depends on the thickness of the tread layer it may be useful to replace the tire sooner. The sidewalls of tires often fail before the tread is worn out. In most cases, this premature failure is due to prolonged use of the tire with insufficient pressure. Checking and adjusting the inflation pressure at least once a month with a pressure gauge is most important. Tread is worn out. Rubber is still present. This tire can still be ridden. The puncture protection layer can be seen. The tire must be changed urgently. What mileage can be achieved with various tires? Mileage It is difficult to answer this question, as mileage is influenced greatly by tire pressure, load, road surface, temperature and the rider. For example, when used in hot weather with a heavy load and on rough asphalt, a tire wears much faster. As a general guide, you can expect a tire mileage of 2000 to 5000 km from Schwalbe standard tires. The tires of the Marathon family usually last between 6000 and km. With the light Marathon Racer and Marathon Supreme, the performance is a little lower (approx to 9000 km). The Marathon R is outstanding with its extremely high mileage of approx to km. No useful mileage data is possible for MTB tires because the influence of riding style is too dominant. Our racing bike tires Stelvio and Ultremo last from 3000 to 7000 km. Marathon R. The bicycle tire with the highest mileage 20 Tire Wear

7 Why do many tires wear prematurely? Fatigue Cracks Unfortunately, many tires do not reach the possible mileage because they are continually riden at inflation pressures that are too low. Insufficient inflation pressure means the tire cannot bear heavy loads. The tire flank must deform excessively when running. The tire can only stand this kind of treatment for a limited time. At some point the sidewall is overburdened and will fail. Tire Wear Fatigue Cracks Aging Cracks Aging Cracks Fig. 1 shows the typical fatigue cracks which arise from low inflation pressure. A few large cracks in the upper area of the sidewall. Compared to this, normal aging cracks are rather small and distributed evenly across the whole sidewall (due to old age and/or poor rubber compound). These pictures also show clear symptoms of continued riding with insufficient inflation pressure. Typical abrasion: The tire is not bald in the center but on the left and right sides. Typical walk traces in the tire and on the tube. How long can a tire be stored? Schwalbe tires can be stored for up to 5 years without a problem. If possible, they should be stored in a cool, dry and, most importantly, a dark place. When stored properly, even longer storage times may be possible. If fitted on a rim, tires should always be inflated or the bicycle should be hung up for storage. A bicycle left on flat tires for an extended period of time may damage the sidewalls of the tire. Storage Tire Wear 21

8 What does a rim tape do? The rim tape protects the tube from mechanical damage by spoke ends, metal burrs and holes in the rim. Which rim tape should I use? Hollow section rim High pressure rim tape Rubber rim tape Fabric rim tape An appropriate rim tape must completely and securely cover all spoke holes. Hollow section rims require the use of special rim tapes such as Schwalbe High Pressure or Schwalbe High Pressure fabric rim tape. Rubber rim tapes are not suitable for hollow section rims, because the inflated tube pushes them into the holes. The rim tape must cover the entire rim well. If the rim tape is narrower than the rim well it can slide and expose the spoke holes. On the following page we have recommended the optimum rim tape size for the most common rims on the market. Alternatively, an adhesive, fabric rim tape can be used on all rims. Slipping cannot occur due to the heat resistant glue. The 19mm wide tape should definitely be used for racing bicycle rims (13C, 14C). The 15mm tape is recommended for the various hollow section and straight sided cycle rims, which are often used on MTB and trekking bikes. The complete rim well is covered. The rim tape cannot move. A rubber rim tape presses into the hole of a hollow section rim. The rim tape is too narrow and does not cover the rim well. SCHWALBE fabric rim tape. 32 Rim Tape

9 Which tire fits which rim? Rim width The inner diameter of the tire must match the rim bead seat diameter. For instance, a tire size fits on a 622 x 19C rim. The inner diameter of the tire corresponds to the rim bead seat diameter of 622 mm. Furthermore, the tire width must match the rim width. The following table shows possible combinations of tire widths and rim widths according to ETRTO. Tire/ Rim Combination Rim dimensions Bead seat diameter Rim width Bead seat - Diameter Since 2006, the combination of extra wide tires and narrow 17C and 19C rims is officially approved by ETRTO. This just caught up with reality, because this combination has already been an every day occurance in MTBs and Balloonbikes for many years and has not caused any problems. Often the use of a wider rim is useful because it brings additional stability to the tire. The tire pressure can be reduced slightly before the stability becomes spongy. Wide tires/ Narrow rims Rim width (mm) 13C 15C 17C 19C 21C 23C 25C 27C 29C Tire width (mm) What is the exact circumference of my tire? In order to accurately program a bicycle computer, it is generally necessary to enter the exact tire circumference. The tire circumference varies depending on the rim, the tire pressure, and the load on the tire. For these reasons, it is not possible to list an exact tire circumference. In order to accurately program a bicycle computer, we recommend a simple rolling test with the rider on the bicycle. Tire circumference Bicycle computer The approximate tire circumferences for the most common sizes are listed in the table below. Inch ETRTO Approximate Tire circumference mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Inch ETRTO Approximate Tire circumference mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Inch ETRTO Approximate Tire circumference mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Tire Dimensions

10 How can a puncture be prevented? Puncture protection belt Correct inflation pressure Tire Check Internal Safety Tube + Rim Tape Puncture protection Tape The best and most important protection against punctures is a high quality tire with a good puncture belt. Maintain the correct inflation pressure. If the inflation pressure is too low, the risk of punctures is substantially higher. Check and correct the inflation pressure at least once a month with a pressure gauge. It also helps to check the tire for embedded foreign objects and to remove them. Replace worn tires. The best protection belt will not serve any purpose if internal safety is not observed. Only purchase quality tubes. The rim tape is also important. The rim tape protects the tube from mechanical damage from spoke ends, metal burrs and holes in the rim. An appropriate rim tape must completely and securely cover all spoke holes. Puncture protection tapes can be inserted between the tire and tube at fitting. They protect from punctures but are not without problems because lying between the tire and the tube, they cause unnecessary friction. Therefore, we do not offer protection tapes separately. It is better if the protection belt is incorporated into the tire. Tried and tested for more than 20 years. The Marathon with puncture protection belt Schwalbe High Pressure Rim Tape Which is the best puncture protection belt? Marathon Plus Flat-less Marathon Supreme High Density Guard The safest bicycle tire for most purposes is our flat-less tire Marathon Plus. The SmartGuard belt, made out of highly elastic special rubber, is approx. 5mm thick. The decisive advantage of SmartGuard is its effectiveness against objects that become lodged in the tread, that are rolled over at each turn of the wheel and will eventually penetrate virtually any protection belt. This is where the advantage of SmartGuard comes into effect. A thumbtack, for example, is embedded in the rubber without causing any damage. The new High Density Guard works on a different principle of functionality. Using a patented weaving technology, an extremely close-meshed and dense fabric is produced. This belt is incredibly hard to puncture. No other bicycle tire features such a similar dense fabric. With the High Density Guard, it is now possible for the first time to effectively protect very light tires from punctures. The Marathon Supreme weighs only half that of the Marathon Plus. The Ultremo racing tire weighs in at only 195 g. Both technologies are patented. A puncture can never be completely avoided. You are very well protected against the typical puncture demons like shards and granular material with the Marathon Plus. Marathon Supreme. Light and Safe 18 Puncture Protection

11 Assembly and safety instructions for Valid: Quill-stem with angle adjustment Before use please read the following assembly and safety instructions carefully. Keep them in a safe place and pass them on to the next owner if necessary. c e d Assembly Basic technical knowledge is required for the assembly of this product. If you do not have this knowledge, please use the services of a specialist bicycle dealer. Check that the external diameter of the stem shaft fits the internal diameter of the steer tube. There are 2 different sizes: with 1" steer tube: internal diameter 22.2 mm and with 1 1/8" steer tube: internal diameter 25.4 mm. The external diameter of the stem shaft must fit the internal diameter of the steer tube. You should also check the thread length of the fork, which for safety reasons must not be greater than 35 mm. Before assembly the shaft should always be treated with waterresistant grease, because otherwise corrosion could make later adjustment difficult. Now insert the stem into the steer tube and adjust it so that it is aligned with the front wheel. For safety reasons the stem shaft should be inserted at least 65 mm deep into the steer tube. Now tighten the tube clamping screws c evenly to the tightness values indicated there. If no tightness value is specified the following values apply: M Nm / M Nm. Before assembly check that the handlebars and the stem are compatible. Also check that the difference in diameter between the clamping area of the handlebars and the handlebar clamping section d is no greater than +0.2 mm. For safety reasons you should not combine the stem with carbon handlebars risk of breakage! Make sure that the clamping areas are clean and free from grease! Now place the clamping section of the handlebars centrally into the handlebar clamping section d of the stem and tighten it slightly. To adjust the angle of the stem you release the angle clamp screw e with the appropriate hexagonal key. Next you release wedge clamp screw f with the appropriate hexagonal key and release the wedge clamp. After youhaveadaptedthestemto your individual requirements you tighten wedge clamp screw f to the indicated tightness value. If no tightness valueis indicatedthefollowingvalues will apply: M Nm / M Nm / M Nm. Please make sure that the two sets of indentation correctly. Next you tighten pivot screw e to a tightness value of Nm. Next set the grip or handlebar position to your individual requirements. Now tighten the handlebar clamping screw g and then handlebar clamping screw i to the tightness values indicated there. If no tightness value is specified the following values apply: M5 6-8 Nm / M Nm / M Nm / M Nm. For safety reasons the max. tightness value of 16 Nm must not be exceeded. Safety instructions f g i The tightness of the bolts must be checked after approx. 500 km and once more during the regular service intervals (with once a year as a minimum). This stem is not suitable for mountain biking or competitions. The heavy demands could lead to breakage. To prevent the risk of a fall or accident the stem must always be replaced if it has been damaged. Do not attach any additional equipment such as a child's seat or luggage rack to the stem. This could lead to excessive strain on the stem and cause breakage. Guarantee The guaranteeis subject to the applicable regulations. Any claims under the guarantee should be submitted through a specialist bicycle dealer.

12 Assembly and safety instructions for Valid: Ahead stem Thank you for deciding to buy your new stem from our company. Before use please read the following assembly and safety instructions carefully. Keep them in a safe place and pass them on to the next owner if necessary. Assembly Basic technical knowledge is required for the assembly of this product. If you do not have this knowledge, please use the services of a specialist bicycle dealer. Check that the internal diameter of the Ahead stem clamp (28.6 mm) fits the external diameter of the steer tube. There are 2 different sizes: with 1" steer tube: external diameter 25.4 mm and with 1 1/8" steer tube: external diameter 28.6 mm. The internal diameter of the stem clamp must fit the external diameter of the steer tube. Now place the stem on the steer tube and adjust it so that it is aligned with the front wheel. For safety reasons the stem should not be combined with a carbon steer tube risk of breakage! For safety reasons the steer tube can be max. 2 mm shorter than the stem clamp. Now tighten the two steer clamping screws c lightly with a hexagonal key. Before assembly check that the handlebars and the stem are compatible. Also check that the difference in diameter between the clamping area of the handlebars and the handlebar clamping section d is no greater than mm. For safety reasons you should not combine any aluminium handlebars with a steel stem (material mix), there is risk of breakage! For safety reasons you should not combine the stem with carbon handlebars risk of breakage! Make sure that the clamping areas are clean and free from grease! Now place the clamping section of the handlebars centrally into the handlebar clamping section d of the stem. Next set the handlebar position to your individual requirements. Now tighten the handlebar clamping screws e on the stem evenly and crosswise to the tightness values indicated there. If no tightness value is specified the following value apply: M5 6-8 Nm / M Nm / M Nm / M Nm. For safety reasons the max. tightness value of 16 Nm must not be exceeded. Next you fit the plug and the screw and adjust the play on the head set. For this purpose you should follow the manufacturer's instructions. After you have adjusted the play on the head set, you tighten the steer clamping screws c on the stem to the tightness values indicated there. If no tightness value is specified the following value apply: M5 6-8 Nm / M Nm / M Nm / M Nm. c Safety instructions The tightness of the bolts must be checked after approx. 500 km and once more during the regular service intervals (with once a year as a minimum). These ergotec stems are not suitable for mountain biking or competitions. The heavy demands could lead to breakage. To prevent the risk of a fall or accident the stem must always be replaced if it has been damaged. Guarantee d The guarantee is subject to the applicable regulations. Any claims under the guarantee should be submitted through a specialist bicycle dealer. e

13 Assembly and safety instructions for Valid: Grips Before use please read the following assembly and safety instructions carefully. Keep them in a safe place and pass them on to the next owner if necessary. Assembly Basic technical knowledge is required for the assembly of this product. If you do not have this knowledge, please use the services of a specialist bicycle dealer. e c Check that the grips and the handlebars are compatible. Make sure that the assembly areas are completely free from grease. Push the grips c onto the ends of the handlebars in such a way that the wider contact surface d is on the outside and against the direction of travel. Now you adapt the contact surface to your personal requirements. Next you tighten the grip clamping screws e with a 2.5 mm hexagonal key to a tightness value of 2.0 Nm. Now close the two apertures on the handlebars with plugs f. f e d Safety instructions The tightness must be checked after approx. 500 km and once more during the regular service intervals (with once a year as a minimum). Toavoidanyrisk of afall or accident, thegrips must always be replaced if they have been damaged. Guarantee The guarantee is subject to the applicable regulations. Any claims under the guarantee should be submitted through a specialist bicycle dealer.

14 Assembly and safety instructions for Valid: Seat Post Before use please read the following assembly and safety instructions carefully. Keep them in a safe place and pass them on to the next owner if necessary. Assembly Basic technical knowledge is required for the assembly of this product. If you do not have this knowledge, please use the services of a specialist bicycle dealer. Before assembly you should check that the external diameter of the seat post fits the internal diameter of the seat base tubing. The end of the tubing of the frame's seat base must be free from burrs, otherwise there is a risk of breakage! If the clamping area of the seat base is larger, you can adjust the diameter with a suitable seat post sleeve (min. length 80 mm). For safety reasons we recommend the use of original Humpert seat post sleeves. These can be ordered from a specialist bicycle dealer. Before mounting the seat post the clamping area of the frame's seat base must always be treated with water-resistant grease, because corrosion could later make it difficult to adjust the seat height. Now insert the seat post into the frame's seat base tubing. For safety reasons the seat post must be inserted into the tubing of the frame's seat base to the mark, unless the bicycle manufacturer prescribes a greater depth of insertion. To fix the seat post in the frame you tighten the seat post clamping screw or the quick action mechanism to the tightness value specified by the bicycle manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer's instructions. Before you assemble the saddle please check that the seat post and the saddle are compatible. Now place the frame of the saddle in the guide slots of the saddle block and tighten it slightly. Now adjust the position of the saddle to your individual requirements. Now tighten the two screw nut(s) c of the saddle clamp a hexagonal key to a tightness value of M5 6-8 Nm / M Nm/ M Nm / M Nm / M Nm. For safety reasons the max. tightness value of 23 Nm must not be exceeded. c c c Safety instructions The tightness of the bolts must be checked after approx. 500 km and once more during the regular service intervals (with once a year as a minimum). No additional weights such as child seats, luggage racks or trailers should be attached to the seat post. Excessive loading can cause the seat post to break. For reasons of material fatigue aluminium seat posts must be replaced after 10,000 km or 3 years at the latest. To prevent the risk of a fall or accident the seat post must always be replaced if it has been damaged. Guarantee The guaranteeis subject to the applicable regulations. Any claims under the guarantee should be submitted through a specialist bicycle dealer.

15 General Safety Information To avoid serious WARNING injuries: Improper use of your bicycle's brake system may result in a loss of control or an accident, which could lead to a severe injury. Because each bicycle may handle differently, be sure to learn the proper braking technique (including brake lever pressure and bicycle control characteristics) for your bicycle. Consult your bicycle dealer and the bicycle's owners manual, and practice your riding and braking technique. Brakes designed for use as rear brakes should not be used as front brakes. Obtain and read the service instructions carefully prior to installing the parts. Loose, worn, or damaged parts may cause serious injury to the rider. We strongly recommend only using genuine Shimano replacement parts. Be careful not to allow any oil or grease to get onto the brake shoes. If any oil or grease do get on the shoes, you should replace the shoes, otherwise the brakes may not work correctly. Check the brake cable for rust and fraying, and replace the cable immediately if any such problems are found. If this is not done, the brakes may not work correctly. Always make sure that the front and rear brakes are working correctly before you ride the bicycle. The required braking distance will be longer during wet weather. Reduce your speed and apply the brakes early and gently. If the road surface is wet, the tires will skid more easily. If the tires skid, you may fall off the bicycle. To avoid this, reduce your speed and apply the brakes early and gently. Read these Technical Service Instructions carefully, and keep them in a safe place for later reference. To avoid serious CAUTION injuries: The power modulator is a device that makes it easier to control braking by increasing the cable stroke at the brake lever within a certain constant range of braking force. If the effective operating range of the power modulator will be exceeded, the lever stroke and the brake will operate as a normal V-BRAKE brake (sensitive and powerful). In that case, the brakes may operate more powerfully than intended and may cause the wheel to lock up. Therefore it is essential that you fully understand and test the performance of the power modulator before use. The power modulator is not equipped with a function to prevent the wheel from locking up. Braking force at wheel Braking Performance Comparison w/o power modulator Effective operating range of the power modulator w/ power modulator Cable stroke at brake lever (kg) Shimano BR-M432 / BR-M422 Safety Information To avoid serious WARNING injuries: Use the ST-EF60 (2-finger brake levers) / BL-M421 V-BRAKE brake compatible levers with BR-M432 / BR-M422 V-BRAKE brakes. If using the ST-EF60 (4-finger brake levers) brake levers, use the SM-PM40 power modulator with the V-BRAKE brakes. If the power modulator is not used, it may cause excessive braking force to be applied when the brake lever is operated, which in turn could result in dangerous accidents. The ST-EF60 (4-finger brake levers) brake levers are equipped with a mode switching mechanism to make them compatible with V-BRAKE brakes with power modulator and cantilever brakes and roller brakes. If the incorrect mode is selected it may cause either excessive or insufficient braking force to occur, which could result in dangerous accidents. Be sure to select the mode in accordance with the instructions given in the table below. Mode position V position V V R C C The V indicates the mode position for compatibility with V-BRAKE brakes with power modulator. R C/R position V V R C C The C indicates the mode position for compatibility with cantilever brakes. The R indicates the mode position for compatibility with roller brakes. R Applicable brake V-BRAKE brakes (BR-M432 / BR-M422) with SM-PM40 power modulator attached Cantilever brakes Roller brakes Note If the brake shoes have worn down until the grooves are no longer visible, they should be replaced. Parts are not guaranteed against natural wear or deterioration resulting from normal use. For maximum performance we highly recommend Shimano lubricants and maintenance products. For any questions regarding methods of handling or maintenance, please contact the place of purchase. Technical Service Instructions Brake lever Brake System In order to realize the best performance, we recommend that the following combination be used. V-BRAKE brake Brake cable ST-EF60 (2-finger) / BL-M421 / ST-M360 BR-M432 BR-M422 BR-M432 BR-M422 with SM-PM40 SI-8DV0B-001 ST-EF60 (4-finger) BR-M432 BR-M422 with SM-PM40 Installation of the brake lever Use a 5 mm Allen key to install the brake lever. Use a handlebar grip with a maximum outer diameter of 32 mm. Tightening torque: 6 8 N m {52 69 in. lbs.} Installation of the V-BRAKE brake 1. Insert the stopper pin of the brake body into the center spring hole in the frame mounting boss, and then secure the brake body to the frame with the link fixing bolt. Tightening torque: 5 7 N m {43 61 in. lbs.} 5 mm Allen key 5 mm Allen key Link fixing bolt Spring hole Stopper pin

16 L R 2. While holding the shoe against the rim, adjust the amount of shoe protrusion by changing over the washer B (thick or thin) so that dimension A is kept at 32 mm or more. (This also applies if the SM-PM40 power modulator is being used.) 5. Adjust the balance with the spring tension adjustment screws mm or more BR-M432 Spring tension adjustment screw Spring tension adjustment screw mm 1 mm Washer B (thick) Washer B (thin) Shoe fixing nut 6. Depress the brake lever about 10 times as far as the grip and check that everything is operating correctly and that the shoe clearance is correct before using the brakes. Depress about 10 times Washer A Washer A Shoe fixing link Washer Replacement of the cartridge shoe (BR-M432) 3. While holding the shoe against the rim, tighten the shoe fixing nut. 1. Remove the shoe fixing pin, and then slide the shoe along the groove to remove it from the shoe holder. Shoe fixing pin Shoe 5 mm Allen key 2. There are two different types of shoe and shoe holder to be used in the left and right positions respectively. Slide the new shoes into the grooves on the shoe holders while taking note of the correct directions and pin hole positions. 1 mm Tightening torque: 6 8 N m {52 69 in. lbs.} For the left Same at front and rear Front Shoe For the right Same at front and rear Front Shoe Shoe holder Shoe holder 4. Pass the inner cable through the inner cable lead, and after setting so that the total of the clearances between the left and right shoes and the rim is 2 mm, tighten the cable fixing bolt. Inner cable lead Tightening torque: 6 8 N m {52 69 in. lbs.} 5 mm Allen key Shoe fixing pin FORWARD Shoe insertion direction 3. Insertion of shoe fixing pin is very critical to keep shoe properly fixed in place. FORWARD Shoe fixing pin One Holland, Irvine, California 92618, U.S.A. Phone: B C B + C = 2 mm Industrieweg 24, 8071 CT Nunspeet, The Netherlands Phone: Oimatsu-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka , Japan Please note: specifications are subject to change for improvement without notice. (English) Dec by Shimano Inc. BC IZM Printed in Malaysia.

17 SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS Front Drive System Before use, read these instructions carefully, and follow them for correct use. SI-F920A In order to realize the best performance, we recommend that the following combination be used. Series Rapidfire Plus Outer casing Front derailleur Front chainwheel Bottom bracket Chain Bottom bracket cable guide ALIVIO ST-MC20 / SL-MC20 SP40 FD-MC18-S / FD-MC18-SE FC-MC19 / FC-MC20 BB-LP28 / BB-LP28-E CN-IG51/CN-IG31 SM-SP17 / SM-BT17 / SM-SP18 / SM-BT18 WARNING Use neutral detergent to clean the chain. Do not use alkali-based or acid based detergent such as rust cleaners as it may result in damage and/or failure of the chain. Use the reinforced connecting pin only for connecting the narrow type of chain. There are two different types of reinforced connecting pin available. Be sure to check the table below before selecting which pin to use. If connecting pins other than reinforced connecting pins are used, or if a reinforced connecting pin or tool which is not suitable for the type of chain is used, sufficient connection force may not be obtained, which could cause the chain to break or fall off. Chain 9-speed super narrow chain such as CN-7701 / CN-HG93 8- / 7- / 6-speed narrow chain such as CN-HG50 / CN-IG51 Reinforced connecting pin 6.5mm 7.1mm If it is necessary to adjust the length of the chain due to a change in the number of sprocket teeth, make the cut at some other place than the place where the chain has been joined using a reinforced connecting pin or an end pin. The chain will be damaged if it is cut at a place where it has been joined with a reinforced connecting pin or an end pin. End Pin Chain tool TL-CN31/TL-CN22 TL-CN31/TL-CN22 and TL-CN30/TL-CN21 Obtain, read and carefully service instructions when installing parts. A loose, worn, or damaged parts may cause injury to the rider. We strongly recommend that only genuine Shimano replacement parts be used. Silver Black DURA-ACE Link Pin Reinforced Connecting Pin Specifications Front Derailleur Model number Normal type Top route type Front chainwheel tooth difference Min. difference between top and intermediate Front derailleur installation band diameter Stroke (A-A') Chainstay angle (a ) Applicable chain line Installation band diameters: S (28.6 mm), M (31.8 mm), L (34.9 mm) Chainwheel Model number Chainwheel tooth combination Bolt circle diameter Crank arm length Pedal thread dimensions FD-MC18-S S S 20T 10T FC-MC20 104mm / 64mm FD-MC18-SE S S 20T 10T S, M, L S, M S, M 63-66, Stroke 47.5mm, 50.0mm A' A 42T-32T-22T 170 mm, 175 mm Chainstay angle FC-MC19 Riveted BC 9/16" 20 T.P.I. (English thread) L mm Bottom Bracket Model number Stamped marking Spindle length Chain line Thread dimensions MM mm 47.5 mm BC 1.37" 24 T.P.I. (68mm) BB-LP28-E LL mm 50.0mm BC 1.37" 24 T.P.I. (73m) M T.P.I. (70mm) MM mm 47.5 mm BB-LP28 LL mm 50.0 mm BC 1.37" 24 T.P.I. (68, 73 mm) M T.P.I. (70mm)

18 Installation of the Front Derailleur, Bottom Bracket and Front Chainwheel <FD-MC18-SE> Use the special tools (TL-UN65 and TL-UN74-S) to install the bottom bracket and the front derailleur so that they face as shown in the illustration. Install the adapter, and then use an 8 mm Allen key to install the front chainwheel. Front Derailleur Front Chainwheel Installation of the chainrings Be sure to use the following combination for the tooth configuration. M (FC-MC20) Position so that, when looking from the rear side, the M- 3 marks come to the positions as shown in the illustration, and so that the chaindrop prevention pin is directly behind the crank arm. Marks Crank arm Projecting parts Chain-drop prevention pin <FD-MC18-S> Adapter Install using the special tool TL-UN74-S. First install the main body, then the adapter. Bottom Bracket Adapter / bottom bracket tightening torque: Nm { in. lbs.} Front chainwheel tightening torque: Nm { in. lbs.} The features of the SIS will not be obtained if the chainrings are installed in the incorrect position, or if a chainring with a mark other than M- 3 is being combined. Therefore, be sure to install them in the correct position. Chain length Add 2 links (with the chain on both the largest sprocket and the largest chainring) Largest sprocket Chain Largest chainring Adapter Adapter / bottom bracket tightening torque: Nm { in. lbs.} Use an 8 mm Allen key to install the front chainwheel. Main body Checking the chain connection For IG, chains, insert the chain gauge (TL-CN24) into the inner link which is next to the chain connecting pin to check that the inner link width is correct. Check that the connecting pin pro-trudes past the outer link by the same amount on both sides, and that the amount of 2.38mm protrusion is 0.2 mm or more. Connecting pin 1=2.38mm TL-CN24 SHIMANO JAPAN CHAIN GAUGE Chain gauge TL-CN24 8 mm Allen key (TL-WR38) A, B Q 0.2mm A B Inner link Securely tighten Connecting pin 1=2.38mm TL-CN24 SHIMANO JAPAN CHAIN GAUGE 1=2.38mm TL-CN24 SHIMANO JAPAN CHAIN GAUGE Front chainwheel tightening torque: Nm { in. lbs.} Outer link Correct Incorrect Adjust and then install the front derailleur as shown in the illustration. Do not remove the Pro-Set alignment block at this time. Gear teeth should come within this range Pro-Set gauge Pro-Set alignment block Installation of the brake lever Use a handlebar grip with a maximum outer diameter of 32 mm. ST-MC20 Tightening torque : 6-8 Nm {53-69 in. lbs.} 1 mm mm 5 mm Allen key The level section of the chain guide outer plate should be directly above and parallel to the largest chainring. Secure using a 5 mm Allen key. Tightening torque: 5-7 Nm {44-60 in. lbs.} Chainwheel (largest chainring) Chain guide SL-MC20 5 mm Allen key 3 1 SL-MC20 Tightening torque : 5 Nm {44 in. lbs.} Install the brake lever in a position where it will not obstruct brake operation. Do not use in a combination which causes brake operation to be obstructed.

19 SIS adjustment Be sure to follow the sequence described below. 1. Low adjustment First remove the Pro-Set alignment block. Next, set so that the clearance between the chain guide inner plate and the chain is mm. Chain position Largest sprocket Smallest chainring Pro-Set alignment block Chain guide inner plate Chain A B B A Low adjustment screw Note: Pass the cable through as shown in the illustration. Wire fixing bolt Cut off any unnecessary cable, attach an end cup and hook it onto the pin. 5 mm allen key After taking up the initial slack in the cable, re-secure to the front derailleur as shown in the illustration. Pin Tightening torque: 5-7 Nm {44-60 in. lbs.} Normal type Top route type 2. Connecting and securing the inner cable Operate lever (B) two times or more, and check on the indicator that the lever is at the lowest position. Then remove the inner hole cover and connect the inner cable. Lever (B) 3 1 Pull Pull Tightening torque: 5-7 Nm {44-60 in. lbs.} Install the inner hole cover by turning it as shown in the illustration until it stops. Do not turn it any further than this, otherwise it may damage the screw thread. Tightening torque: Nm {3-4 in. lbs.} Inner hole cover Inner cable Inner hole cover 3. Top adjustment Set so that the clearance between the chain guide outer plate and the chain is mm. Chain position Smallest sprocket Largest chainring Chain B A B A Top adjustment screw Chain guide outer plate Inserting the inner cable Insert the inner cable into the outer casing from the end with the marking on it. Apply grease from the end with the marking in order to maintain cable operating efficiency. Marking Cutting the outer casing When cutting the outer casing, cut the opposite end to the end with the marking. After cutting the outer casing, make the end round so that the inside of the hole has a uniform diameter. 4. Adjustment of the intermediate chainring When carrying out adjustment, set the chain to the largest sprocket, and at the front, set the chain to the intermediate chainring. Adjust using the outer casing adjustment barrel so that the clearance between the chain guide inner plate and the chain is mm. B Chain guide inner plate A Attach the same outer end cap to the cut end of the outer casing. Chain position Chain Largest sprocket Intermediate chainring Outer end cap Outer casing adjustment barrel

20 5. Troubleshooting chart After completion of steps 1-4, move the shifting lever to check the shifting. (This also applies if shifting becomes difficult during use.) If the chain falls to the crank side. If shifting is difficult from the intermediate chainring to the largest chainring. If shifting is difficult from the intermediate chainring to the smallest chainring. If there is interference between the chain and the front derailleur inner plate at the largest chainring. If there is interference between the chain and the front derailleur outer plate at the largest chainring. If the intermediate chainring is skipped when shifting from the largest chainring. If there is interference between the chain and front derailleur inner plate when the rear sprocket is shifted to the largest sprocket when the chainwheel is at the intermediate chainring position. If the chain falls to the bottom bracket side. Tighten the top adjustment screw clockwise (about 1/4 turn). Loosen the top adjustment screw counterclockwise (about 1/8 turn). Loosen the low adjustment screw counterclockwise (about 1/4 turn). Tighten the top adjustment screw clockwise (about 1/8 turn). Loosen the top adjustment screw counterclockwise (about 1/8 turn). Loosen the outer casing adjustment barrel counterclockwise (1 or 2 turns). Tighten the outer casing adjustment barrel clockwise (1 or 2 turns). Tighten the low adjustment screw clockwise (about 1/2 turn). CAUTION Be sure to use only the Shimano IG chain with the IG front chainwheel. The HG or UG type of chain cannot be used. Note Apply grease to the bottom bracket before installing it. For smooth operation, use the specified outer casing and the bottom bracket cable guide. This front derailleur is for triple front chainwheel use only. It cannot be used with the double front chainwheel, as the shifting points do not match. Outer casing holders When installing the top route type, choose a frame that has three outer casing holders as shown in the illustration at right. Use an outer casing which still has some length to spare even when the handlebars are turned all the way to both sides. Furthermore, check that the shifting lever does not touch the bicycle frame when the handlebars are turned all the way. Grease the inner cable and the inside of the outer casing before use to ensure that they slide properly. Operation of the levers related to gear shifting should be made only when the front chainwheel is turning. For maximum performance we highly recommend Shimano lubricants and maintenance products. For any questions regarding methods of handling or maintenance, please contact the place of purchase. Gear shifting operation Both lever (A) and lever (B) always return to the initial position when they are released after shifting. When operating one of the levers, always be sure to turn the crank arm at the same time. To shift from a small chainring to a larger chainring When lever (A) is pressed once, there is a shift of one step from a small chainring to a larger chainring. Example: from intermediate chainring to Lever (A) initial position largest chainring. To shift from a large chainring to a smaller chainring When lever (B) is pressed once, there is a shift of one step from a large chainring to a smaller chainring. Example: from largest chainring to intermediate chainring. Lever (B)

21 - SI-6NMRA General Safety Information Technical Service Instructions SI-6NMRA-002 WARNING Maintenance interval depends on the usage and riding circumstances. Clean regularly the chain with an appropriate chaincleaner. Never use alkali based or acid based solvents such as rust cleaners. If those solvent be used chain might break and cause serious injury. Check that the wheels are fastened securely before riding the bicycle. If the wheels are loose in any way, they may come off the bicycle and serious injury may result. Use the reinforced connecting pin only for connecting the narrow type of chain. There are two different types of reinforced connecting pins available. Be sure to check the table below before selecting which pin to use. If connecting pins other than reinforced connecting pins are used, or if a reinforced connecting pin or tool which is not suitable for the type of chain is used, sufficient connection force may not be obtained, which could cause the chain to break or fall off. Chain 9-speed super narrow chain such as CN-7701 / CN-HG93 8- / 7- / 6-speed narrow chain such as CN-HG50 / CN-HG40 Reinforced connecting pin 6.5mm 7.1mm If it is necessary to adjust the length of the chain due to a Reinforced Connecting Pin change in the number of sprocket teeth, make the cut at some other place than the place where the chain has been joined using a reinforced connecting pin or an end pin. The chain will be damaged if it is cut at a place where it has End Pin Link Pin been joined with a reinforced connecting pin or an end pin. Check that the tension of the chain is correct and that the chain is not damaged. If the tension is too weak or the chain is damaged, the chain should be replaced. If this is not done, the chain may break and cause serious injury. Obtain and read the service instructions carefully prior to installing the parts. Loose, worn or damaged parts may cause the bicycle to fall over and serious injury may occur as a result. We strongly recommend only using genuine Shimano replacement parts. Obtain and read the service instructions carefully prior to installing the parts. If adjustments are not carried out correctly, the chain may come off and this may cause you to fall off the bicycle which could result in serious injury. Read these Technical Service Instructions carefully, and keep them in a safe place for later reference. Note If gear shifting operations do not feel smooth, wash the derailleur and lubricate all moving parts. If the amount of looseness in the links is so great that adjustment is not possible, you should replace the derailleur. You should periodically clean the derailleur and lubricate all moving parts (mechanism and pulleys). If gear shifting adjustment cannot be carried out, check the degree of parallelism at the rear end of the bicycle. Also check if the cable is lubricated and if the outer casing is too long or too short. If you hear abnormal noise as a result of looseness in a pulley, you should replace the pulley. If the wheel becomes stiff and difficult to turn, you should lubricate it with grease. Do not apply any oil to the inside of the hub, otherwise the grease will come out. You should periodically wash the sprockets in a neutral detergent and then lubricate them again. In addition, cleaning the chain with neutral detergent and lubricating it can be a effective way of extending the useful life of the sprockets and the chain. If the chain keeps coming off the sprockets during use, replace the sprockets and the chain. Always be sure to use the sprocket set bearing the same group marks. Never use in combination with a sprocket bearing a different group mark. Use a frame with internal cable routing is strongly discouraged as it has tendencies to impair the SIS shifting function due to its high cable resistance. Use an outer casing which still has some length to spare even when the handlebars are turned all the way to both sides. Furthermore, check that the shifting lever does not touch the bicycle frame when the handlebars are turned all the way. Grease the inner cable and the inside of the outer casing before use to ensure that they slide properly. Operation of the levers related to gear shifting should be made only when the front chainwheel is turning. Parts are not guaranteed against natural wear or deterioration resulting from normal use. For maximum performance we highly recommend Shimano lubricants and maintenance products. For any questions regarding methods of installation, adjustment, maintenance or operation, please contact a professional bicycle dealer. Silver Black Chain tool TL-CN32 / TL-CN27 TL-CN32 / TL-CN27 Group marks C ag -18T HYPERGLI DE SHIMANO ag-15t ag -13T Series Rapidfire Plus Outer casing Rear derailleur Type Freehub Gears Cassette sprocket Chain Bottom bracket guide Model number Rear Drive System In order to realize the best performance, we recommend that the following combination be used. Specifications Rear Derailleur Model number Type Total capacity Largest sprocket Smallest sprocket Front chainwheel tooth difference Applicable front chainwheel (chainring tooth configuration) Cassette sprocket tooth combination CS-HG40-8I CS-HG30-I Sprockets Gear shifting operation Group name an aw ao ac ST-EF60-8R FH-RM30-8 Altus SP40 RD-M310 Smart Cage ST-EF60-7R FH-RM CS-HG40-8I CS-HG30-I CN-HG50 / CN-HG40 SM-SP18 / SM-BT18 RD-M310 Smart Cage 43T 34T 11T 20T FC-M341 / M311 ( T / T) FC-M341-8 / M311-8 ( T) Tooth combination 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 26, 30T 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32T 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 26, 34T 00, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 28T Both lever (A) and lever (B) always return to the initial position when they are released after shifting. When operating one of the levers, always be sure to turn the crank arm at the same time. To shift from a small sprocket to a larger sprocket (Lever A) To shift one step only, press lever (A) to the (1) position. To shift two steps at one time, press to the (2) position. To shift from a large sprocket to a smaller sprocket (Lever B) Press lever (B) once to shift one step from a larger to a smaller sprocket. Lever (A) initial position 1 2 Lever (B) This service instruction explains how to use and maintain the Shimano bicycle parts which have been used on your new bicycle. For any questions regarding your bicycle or other matters which are not related to Shimano parts, please contact the place of purchase or the bicycle manufacturer. Installation of the rear derailleur When installing, be careful that deformation is not caused by the B-tension adjustment screw coming into contact with the dropout tab. 5 mm Allen key Bracket spindle tightening torque: 8-10 N m {70-86 in. lbs.} One Holland, Irvine, California 92618, U.S.A. Phone: B-tension adjustment screw Industrieweg 24, 8071 CT Nunspeet, The Netherlands Phone: Oimatsu-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka , Japan * Service Instructions in further languages are available at : Please note: specifications are subject to change for improvement without notice. (English) Sep by Shimano Inc. BC IZM Printed in Singapore. Dropout tab