Ronald Bockius (ed.) Between the Seas

Transcription

1 Ronald Bockius (ed.) Between the Seas

2 RGZM TAGUNGEN Band 3

3 Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Forschungsinstitut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Ronald Bockius (ed.) BETWEEN THE SEAS TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE IN NAUTICAL TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BOAT AND SHIP ARCHAEOLOGY MAINZ 2006 ISBSA 11 Hosted by Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Forschungsbereich Antike Schiffahrt, Mainz With support from Gesellschaft der Freunde des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 2009

4 Redaktion: Ronald Bockius, Martin Schönfelder (RGZM); Antony Brown Satz: Manfred Albert (RGZM); Michael Braun (Daten shop Wiesbaden) Bildbearbeitung: Manfred Albert; Katja Hölzl; Ulrike Kessel (RGZM) Umschlaggestaltung: Reinhard Köster (RGZM) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über abrufbar. ISBN ISSN Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begrün deten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nach drucks, der Entnahme von Abbildungen, der Funk- und Fernsehsen dung, der Wiedergabe auf photomechanischem (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) oder ähnlichem Wege und der Speicherung in Datenverarbei - tungs anlagen, Ton- und Bild trägern bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vor be halten. Die Vergü tungs ansprüche des 54, Abs. 2, UrhG. werden durch die Verwer tungs gesellschaft Wort wahrgenommen. Herstellung: Druck- und Verlagsservice Volz, Budenheim Printed in Germany.

5 Published in honour of Ole Crumlin-Pedersen

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7 CONTENTS Ronald Bockius Preface XIII Jerzy Litwin Tribute to a Founding Member of the International Symposia on Boat and Ship Archaeology XV History of ISBSA XIX List of Contributors XXI Abbreviations XXV NEWS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN Chiara Zazzaro Nautical Evidence from the Pharaonic Site of Marsa/Wadi Gawasis Report on Two Parts of a Steering Oar/Rudder Cheryl Ward Evidence for Ancient Egyptian Seafaring Yaacov Kahanov Hadas Mor Dor 2001/1: Updated Information and the Retrieval of a Section of the Shipwreck Ofra Barkai The Tantura F Shipwreck Deborah Cvikel Dor 2002/2 Shipwreck: the Construction of a Late Ottoman Period Vessel Alessio Canalini The Logonovo Wreck near Ferrara New Evidences by the Use of Modern Methodology of Archaeological Research NEWS FROM THE NORTHERN SEAS Morten Sylvester The Haugvik Boat a Pre-Roman Iron Age Boat Find from Northern Norway Lena Lisdotter Börjesson Viking Age Navigation on Trial Estimates of Course and Distance VII

8 Mike Belasus Two Recent Finds of Medieval Shipwrecks in the North of Germany Jens Auer Rex Bangerter Francis Mallon The Wreck of an Elizabethan Merchantman from the Thames a Preliminary Fieldwork Report Tomasz Bednarz Gdańsk Wreck, W-27 an Example of an 18 th Century Dutch Merchantman INLAND NEWS Stefanie Klooß Harald Lübke The Terminal Mesolithic and Early Neolithic Logboats of Stralsund-Mischwasserspeicher Evidence of Early Waterborne Transport on the German Southern Baltic Coast Rosemarie Leineweber Harald Lübke The Logboat of Lake Arendsee New Evidence of Inland Watercrafts in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany Jason Rogers Documenting Dugouts from Bohemia and Moravia, Czech Republic Timm Weski Logboats and Local Boats in Bavaria, Germany a Summary of Current Research Irena Radić Rossi Dugouts of Croatia INLAND NAVIGATION AND ITS VESSELS Katrin Thier Paddling, Rowing and Steering in Word and Deed Prehistory of a Word Marc Guyon Éric Rieth The Gallo-Roman Wrecks from Lyon, Parc Saint Georges (France) New Archaeological Data on Ancient Inland»Bottom-Based Shipbuilding« Béat Arnold A Gallo-Roman Naval Building Yard at Avenches/En Chaplix Waldemar Ossowski The Origins of Flat-Bottomed River Craft on the Odra and Vistula Catchments Petr Sorokin Flat-Bottomed Boats from North-Western Russia VIII

9 Darina L. Tully The Traditional Boats and Fisheries of the Waterford Estuary, Ireland Lawrence E. Babits The Periauger an Example of Adapting an European Boat Type to the North Carolina Sounds: a Reconstruction RESEARCH METHODS Wilfried Stecher Dimensions of Ancient Bigships: Can Modern Ship Theory Help to Solve this Enigma? Frédéric Guibal Patrice Pomey Ancient Shipwrecks, Naval Architecture and Dendrochronology in the Western Mediterranean Ufuk Kocabaş Çamaltı Burnu I Shipwreck: the Anchors Aoife Daly The Chronology of Cogs and their Timber Origin Carlo Beltrame The Excavation of the Brig Mercure of the Regno Italico (1812) Why to Investigate a Military Vessel from the Beginning of the 19th Century? INTERACTION INLAND-SEA Robert Van de Noort To Travel is More Important Than to Arrive: Seafaring between Britain and the Continent in the 2 nd Millennium B.C Patrice Pomey A New Approach to Mediterranean Nautical Archaeology: Harbour, River and River-Sea Boats Luc Long Sabrina Marlier Michel Rival The Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer 24 (SM24) Shipwreck (France, A.D ): a Sea-River Cargo Vessel with Stitched Frames Giulia Boetto New Archaeological Evidence of the Horeia-Type Vessels: the Roman Napoli C Shipwreck from Naples (Italy) and the Boats of Toulon (France) compared Olaf Höckmann Models of Bow-Transom Boats from Roman Egypt IX

10 Luc Long Michel Rival Sabrina Marlier The Gallo-Roman Wreck Arles-Rhône 3: a Flat-Bottomed Riverboat in the Rhône River, in Arles (France) a Preliminary Report Patricia Sibella John Atkin Ports and Navigation in the Gironde Estuary (France) from Antiquity to Middle Ages: Brion, the Reysson Marsh and the Gironde Estuary Aleydis Van de Moortel The Utrecht Type: Adaptation of an Inland Boatbuilding Tradition to Urbanization and Growing Maritime Contacts in Medieval Northern Europe Aleydis Van de Moortel The Utrecht Ship Type: an Expanded Logboat Tradition in its Historical Context H. Reinder Reinders The Sailing Route from Uffelte to Utrecht Thomas Förster Dutch-German Trading Relationships in the Baltic Sea between the 14 th to 18 th Centuries Maik-Jens Springmann The Ships of the Crusaders the Exchange of Nautical Expertise between the Mediterranean and the Baltic in the Middle Ages SHIP CONSTRUCTION Bart Boon Eelco van Rietbergen Aspects of the Analysis of Structure and Strength of Pre-Historic Watercraft Ole Crumlin-Pedersen Plank Boat a Problematic Term for Prehistoric Vessels? Archaeological Evidence for the Impact of Logboat Techniques on the Concepts of Early Built Boats Hanus Jensen Full-Scale Reconstruction of Expanded Boats from the Iron Age Ronald Bockius Markings and Pegs: Clues to Ancient Ship Architecture? George Indruszewski The Origin of the Clinker Hull Construction a Technological Intercourse of European Dimension Iwona Pomian Jerzy Litwin Attempt at Evaluating the Scientific Value of the P-2 Boat Originating from the Early Middle Ages X

11 Jan Bill From Nordic to North European Application of Multiple Correspondence Analysis in the Study of Changes in Danish Shipbuilding A.D Seán McGrail Renaissance and Romano-Celtic Ship Design and Shipbuilding Methods Compared Damian Goodburn A Newly Discovered Lost Tradition of River Barge Building on the Thames (16 th to 18 th Centuries) Paul Bloesch A Glimpse of the Shipwright s Secret: Some Evidence from the Barque du Léman Daniela Gräf Boat Mills in Europe from Early Medieval to Modern Times Lucy Blue Collin Palmer The Country Boats of the Ganges Delta an Ethnographic Study of Inland Navigation Julian Whitewright Tracing Technology: the Material Culture of Maritime Technology in the Ancient Mediterranean and Contemporary Indian Ocean Henrik Pohl From the Kattumaram to the Fibre-Teppa Changes in Boatbuilding Traditions on India s East Coast PLATES 1-6 XI

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13 PREFACE The 11 th meeting of the International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology took place in Mainz from the 25 th to 29 th of September Hosted by the research branch for Ancient Navigation of the Römisch- Germa ni sches Zentralmuseum (RGZM), some 120 scholars, students and interested guests attended the con ference, which for the first time in its history was held at a continental inland location far away from the sea. The participants, 25% of which came from southern Europe, the Near East and overseas joined this meeting to contribute in different ways to the theme»between the Seas Transfer and Exchange in Nautical Technology«. Interrupted by a one day long ship excursion passing through the romantic Middle Rhine valley, more than 50 papers were given, and a smaller number of poster presentations were displayed in the rooms of the baroque style palace of the local electoral bishops. The participants came together at reception and evening events hosted in the Museum of Ancient Navigation in front of scenes of late Roman Mainz wrecks and their full-scale replicas displayed there, side by side with ship models and ancient monu - ments related to Roman shipping and navy activities. The congress was organized by the Museum of Ancient Navigation (Museum für Antike Schiffahrt). This is a rather young institution, established by the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in 1994, initially to take care of conservation, analysis and display of the Mainz ship finds; secondly, as a permanent scientific commission to carry out research in the fields of ancient shipbuilding and navigation in concert with Old World archaeology. Due to the small number of scholarly and technical personnel, preparation and realization of ISBSA 11 needed the assistance of the general institute RGZM, along with its administrative, technical and editorial facilities. The fact that the local organization team was rather short-handed, meant that the steering committee consisting of former IBSA hosts lent support, assistance and considerable ex - perience in organizing the conference. Due to the fact that during the vote for the host of the 11 th meeting in 2003, Mainz seemed to many people to be a curious place to conduct a congress on boat and ship archaeology, the steering committee kept a strict eye on all on-going activities, but nevertheless bearing in mind the topical conditions and options. The ideas on a conference theme related to the meeting place and its possible attractions were discussed very carefully. It was agreed to focus such aspects, which are also reflected by the scholarly interest of the Mainz institute and its exhibition: on the one hand, problems of development, transfer, alterations and exchange of shipbuilding in the sense of skill, technical capabilities and ship architecture, not at least the interaction of human mobility, culture and tradition as a pioneer of progress; on the other hand, special interest should to be paid to inland navigation, river vessels and their classification, inland waterways and waterfront struc - tures as well, on which the location of the conference could paint a vivid picture. To link inland navigation with seafaring and to present a platform for subjects frequently discussed at ISBSA, the Mainz meeting was considered to respect a wider perspective, not least to include newly discovered material. Papers given over seven sessions in 2006, are published in this volume together with a selection of articles based on poster presentations. Some articles considerably exceed the size standard defined by the ISBSA publication guidelines. The editor decided also to accept longer papers where they were particularly per - tinent to the subject; in certain cases he inspired authors to enlarge their manuscripts availing a better understanding of the topic. The symposium was funded largely by the fees of the participants and a grant received from the Gesell - schaft der Freunde des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, to which the organizers are much indebt - ed. From the same society another generous grant was most gratefully received to print this volume. Last XIII

14 but not least, we are obliged to the organising committee and advisory panel established by previous ISBSA secretaries, colleagues and friends, Patrice Pomey (Tatihou 1994), Jerzy Litwin (Gdańsk 1997), Carlo Bel - trame (Venice 2000), Fred Hocker and Anton Englert (Roskilde 2003) for their abundant assistance. Particular gratitude is due to Anton Englert and Else Snitker who may be mentioned instead of all those being busy behind the scene. They acted as the very lives and souls of the enterprise; both more than once catched the helm to steer the boat into calm waters. Mainz, August 2007 Ronald Bockius XIV