The Effects of Stream Adjacent Logging on Downstream Populations of Coastal Cutthroat Trout

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1 The Effects of Stream Adjacent Logging on Downstream Populations of Coastal Cutthroat Trout. D. S. Bateman 1, R.E. Gresswell 2, Aaron M. Berger 3, D.P. Hockman-Wert 4 and D.W. Leer 1 1 Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University 2 US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, Montana 3 Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems Division, BP D5 New Caledonia 4 U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR

2 Douglas County

3 Thanks to the Crews! Most Photos by David Leer

4 Experimental Design

5 Experimental Timeline: Hinkle Creek Calibration Phase Treatment Phase Study Begins Treatment 1: Log 5 MU (Non-Fish Bearing) Treatment 2: Log 4 MU (Fish Bearing) Study Ends South Fork Treatments

6 Experimental Timeline: Hinkle Creek Calibration Phase Treatment Phase Study Begins Treatment 1: Log 5 MU (Non-Fish Bearing) Treatment 2: Log 4 MU (Fish Bearing) Study Ends South Fork Treatments

7 Currently streams without fish or a domestic water use do not require the retention of a standing tree buffer.

8 Tributary Scale North Fork Hinkle South Fork Hinkle Swim-through PIT tag antenna

9 Tributary Scale North Fork Hinkle South Fork Hinkle Swim-through PIT tag antenna

10 Catchment Scale North Fork Hinkle Swim-through PIT tag antenna South Fork Hinkle

11 Results First Harvest

12 Hinkle Creek Annual Survival of Coastal Cutthroat Trout 0.6 South Fork Hinkle Creek MS North Fork Hinkle Creek MS

13 Mean Density of Age 1+ Cutthroat Trout in Pool Habitats North and South Fork Hinkle Creek: Tributary Scale 6 Age 1+ cutthroat trout (g/m 2 ) NFT pre-treatment NFT post-treatment SFT pre-treatment SFT post-treatment Year

14 Proportion of Cutthroat Trout Displaying a Complex Movement Strategy at the Catchment Scale Proportion of cutthroat trout NFH Pre-treatment NFH Post-treatment SFH Pre-treatment SFH Post-treatment Year

15 Daily Average Proportion of Tagged Cutthtroat Trout Detected Moving by Catchment and Treatment Period 0.03 North Fork Hinkle Proportion of PIT tagged cutthroat trout detected moving South Fork Hinkle Pre-treatment Post-treatment Month

16 Summary Evidence for increased biomass of age 1+ coastal cutthroat trout at the tributary scale Some evidence for increasing proportion of tagged fish exhibiting complex movement strategy and increase low-flow movement in South Fork Hinkle Overall very few detectable changes in habitat or biologic parameters were observed in conjunction with upstream logging

17 Preliminary Results from Second Harvest

18 Trout Response

19 Relative Growth Rate of PIT Tagged Age 1+ Cutthroat Trout in North and South Fork Hinkle Creek 0.30 Pre-treatment Post 1 Post 2 P=0.01 Relative growth rate (mm/mm/yr) NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek Year

20 Mean Fork-length of Age 1+ Coastal Cutthroat Trout by Stream Segment and Treatment Period Mean forklength (mm) N.F. Hinkle S.F. Hinkle Pre-treatment ( ) Post-treatment 1 ( ) Post-treatment 2 ( ) N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S8 Stream segment

21 Mean Fork Lengh Age 1+ Cutthroat in Tributaries North and South Fork Hinkle Creek 130 NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek P= Fork length (mm) Pre-treatment 105 Post 1 Post Year

22 Age 1+ Cutthroat Trout Mean Annual Relative Growth with 95% C.I. NF Hinkle SF Hinkle NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NT1 NT2 NT3 SM1 SM2 SM3 SM4 ST1 ST2 ST3 Segment Mean annual relative growth rate (mm/mm/yr)

23 Mean Fork Length Age 1+ Cutthroat Trout at the Catchment Scale North and South Forks Hinkle Creek 135 Pre-treatment Post 1 Post 2 P= Fork length (mm) NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek Years

24 Mean Fork Length of Age 0 Trout at the Catchment Scale for North and South Fork Hinkle Creek P= Pre-treatment Post 1 Post 2 62 Fork length (mm) NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek Year

25 Mean Fork Length Age 0 Trout Tributary Scale North and South Fork Hinkle Creek 70 P=0.01 Pre-treatment Post 1 Post 2 65 Fork length (mm) NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek Year

26 Mean Condition of Cutthroat Trout by Size Class, Watershed, and Treatment Period with 95% C.I. N.F. Hinkle 3= mm 4= mm 5= > 135mm S.F. Hinkle Pre ( ) Post1 ( ) Post2 ( ) Fulton's k Size class

27 Age 1+ Coastal Cutthroat Trout per Meter from 40 Randomly Selected Watersheds and 11 Years of the North and South Forks of Hinkle Creek 1.4 Fish per meter Random 40 NFH_Pre NFH_Post1 NFH_Post2 SFH_Pre SFH_Post1 SFH_Post Rank

28 Significant differences were related to increases in production (growth and mass).

29 Habitat Response

30

31 Proportion of Fish Bearing Channel Length in Pool Habitat in North and South Fork Hinkle Creek Proportion channel length in pool NF Hinkle SF Hinkle P=0.77 Pre-treatment Post 1 Post Year

32 Proportion of Wetted Channel Area in Pool Habitat North and South Fork Hinkle 0.32 NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek P=0.75 Proportion channel area in pool Pre-treatment Post 1 Post Year

33 Mean Maximum Pool Depth Tributary Scale North and South Fork Hinkle Creek 0.30 NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek P=0.04 Mean maximum depth (m) Pre-treatment Post 1 Post Year

34 Proportion of Wetted Streambed in Boulder Size Substrate North and South Fork Hinkle 0.40 Pre-treatment Post 1 Post 2 P=0.1 Proportion NF Hinkle Creek SF Hinkle Creek Year

35 Summary Treatment 2 Evidence for increased biomass of age-0 trout and all salmonids combined at the catchment scale Evidence for continued elevated biomass of age-1+ coastal cutthroat trout relative to the pretreatment period at the tributary scale but no evidence that biomass increased with treatment 2 Evidence for increase mean length of both Age-1+ cutthroat trout and age-0 trout Evidence of increased relative growth rates from PIT tagged cutthroat trout

36 Summary Treatment 2 Both increases in size and growth have strong spatial component with the increases apparent in the tributaries and upper mainstem. Some evidence indicating that the proportion of tagged fish exhibiting complex movement strategy declined after the second harvest. Again very few detectable changes in habitat or biologic parameters were observed in conjunction with logging adjacent to streams using prescribed buffers.

37 Summary Treatment 2 Post-treatment age 1+ cutthroat trout abundance in South Fork Hinkle appears to be well within the range of those observed in similar streams across western Oregon. At Hinkle Creek, Oregon Forest Practices Rules provided adequate short-term protection from acute negative effects to the resident fish community

38 Questions?

39

40 Age 1+ Cutthroat Trout Biomass by Year from Single-pass Census of Pool Habitats Flynn Creek and Needle Branch Flynn Creek Needle Branch 3.5 Gram/m Year

41 Cumulative Catch in Grams of Age 1+ Cutthroat Trout from Mainstems of Needle Branch and Flynn Creek Needle Branch Cumulative grams Down stream edge of clear cut Flynn Creek Distance (m)

42 Comparision of Single-pass Catch to Population Estimate from Mark-Recapture Adjusted R2 = 0.74 Outliers removed Adjusted R2= Nhat Single-pass catch

43 Comparision of Single-pass Catch to Population Estimate from Mark-Recapture Outliers included, average factor of difference is 1.6 Outliers removed, average factor of difference is 1.5 3x 60 Nhat Single-pass catch

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