English Bay Lakes Salmon Enhancement Progress Report 2013

Transcription

1 English Bay Lakes Salmon Enhancement Progress Report 2013 Prepared by: Caroline Cherry, Hatchery Operations Coordinator January Revision This year's operation of the English Bay Lakes Salmon Enhancement Project was made possible through enhancement taxes paid by the commercial fishermen in Area H, Cook Inlet and associated waters, through the harvest and sale of surplus fish and through an Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund grant received from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Project Number 44717).

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3 DISCLAIMER The Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association (CIAA) conducts salmon enhancement and restoration projects in area H, Cook Inlet and associated waters. As an integral part of these projects a variety of monitoring and evaluation studies are conducted. The following progress report is a synopsis of the monitoring and evaluation studies conducted for the English Bay Lake salmon enhancement project. The purpose of the progress report is to provide a vehicle to distribute the information produced by the monitoring and evaluation studies. Data collected each year are presented with a summary of the information previously collected for comparative purposes. These reports are intended to provide a general description of project activity and are not an exhaustive evaluation of any restoration or enhancement project. The information presented in this report has not undergone an extensive review. As reviews are completed, the information may be updated and presented in later progress reports. CIAA maintains a strong policy of equal employment opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment. We hire, train, promote, and compensate employees without regard for race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, disability or citizenship, as well as other classifications protected by applicable federal, state or local laws. Our equal employment opportunity philosophy applies to all aspects of employment with CIAA including recruiting, hiring, training, transfer, promotion, job benefits, pay, dismissal and educational assistance. iii

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5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The 2013 English Bay Lakes smolt migration, fry release, adult count, and gamete collection was conducted by the Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association in cooperation with the Nanwalek Village Council. Appreciation is extended to the full-time and seasonal staff at English Bay Lakes and Trail Lakes Hatchery. Appreciation is also extended to the Nanwalek Village Council and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for their continued support. v

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7 TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... v TABLE OF CONTENTS... vii LIST OF FIGURES...ix LIST OF TABLES...ix ABSTRACT... 1 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE... 3 PROJECT AREA... 5 METHODS... 9 Environmental Conditions... 9 Smolt Enumeration... 9 Smolt Characteristics and Enhanced Contribution Adult Escapement Gamete Collection, Incubation and Rearing - Sockeye Fish Transport and Stocking RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Environmental Conditions Smolt Enumeration - Sockeye Adult Escapement - Sockeye RECOMMENDATIONS LITERATURE CITED APPENDICES vii

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9 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. General location of English Bay Lakes System... 5 Figure 2. Bathymetric overview of Second Lake... 6 Figure 3. Bathymetric overview of Third Lake... 7 Figure 3. The English Bay Lakes smolt traps Figure 4. The English Bay Lakes adult weir LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Environmental conditions observed at English Bay Lakes, Table 2. English Bay Lakes sockeye smolt characteristics Table 3. English Bay Lakes adult sockeye characteristics Table 4. English Bay Lake egg collection activities BY Table 5. English Bay Lakes fry-to-smolt survival Table 6. Marine Survival for English Bay Lakes ix

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11 ABSTRACT The English Bay Lakes (EBL) sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) enhancement project has been operating for over twenty years and has been modified several times. This project consists of an eggtake from the EBL system, the incubation and rearing of the resultant fry/smolts and their release back to the EBL system, Port Graham Bay and Tutka Bay Lagoon. Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association (CIAA) began assisting with the project in 2004, when eggs from the EBL system were transferred to Trail Lakes Hatchery (TLH) for incubation and rearing. In 2010, the EBL sockeye enhancement project was formally transferred from the Port Graham Hatchery to Trail Lakes Hatchery. In 2012, CIAA also took over the project to enumerate and characterize the smolt and adult sockeye migrations. In 2013, CIAA was awarded an Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund grant (AKSSF 44717) for the smolt and adult migrations. All hatchery activities (incubation, rearing, stocking and gamete collections) were funded solely using CIAA monies. In 2013, 211,000 sockeye salmon fall fry brood year 2012 (BY12) were released into Second Lake (EBL system). At the time of release, the sockeye fall fry averaged 2.7 grams. All released fry were of English Bay Lake origin and were the progeny from non-enhanced (wild) parents as determined by otolith collection during the 2012 eggtake. Smolt migration monitoring began on 08 May and continued daily until 05 July. During this time, a total of 113,905 sockeye smolts were counted through the traps. In addition to the sockeye salmon smolts, 10,877 coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch), 69,000 pink salmon fry (Oncorhynchus gorbusha), 1,143 Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and 94 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migrated from the lake. Based on otolith marks (n=557), 41.3% ( 3.9%) of the emigrating sockeye smolts were of hatchery origin. An estimated 74.3% (± 3.7%) smolts were age 1 and 25.7% (± 3.7%) were age 2. The average length and weight of the age 1 sockeye smolt was 68 mm ( 0.7) and 2.5 g ( 1.3) respectively. The age 2 sockeye smolt were 76 mm (± 3.8) and 4.1 g (± 0.6). 1

12 Adult migration monitoring began on 27 May and continued daily until 26 July. A total of 12,657 adult sockeye returned to English Bay Lakes in Based on otolith analysis (n=245), the returning sockeye salmon were age 1.2 (9.0%), age 1.3 (57.6%), age 2.2 (13.9%) and age 2.3 (19.5%). Between 05 September and 21 September, five separate eggtakes occurred. A total of 2,120,000 sockeye salmon eggs were collected and shipped to TLH where they were fertilized using a delayed fertilization technique. Approximately 1,904,000 (89.8%) eggs survived to the eyed stage. Only those eggs determined to be from non-enhanced parents will be reared to the fall fry stage and released into English Bay Second Lake in October The remaining eggs will be for stocking at Tutka Bay Lagoon (smolts) and Lower Cook Inlet lakes as spring fry. 2

13 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE English Bay Lakes (EBL) is located on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula near the community of Nanwalek, Alaska. The English Bay Lakes system is a chain of five small lakes with a total surface area of approximately 200 hectares. The sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) enhancement project has been operating for over twenty years and has been modified several times. Currently this project consists of an eggtake from the EBL system, the incubation and rearing of the resulting fry/smolt and their release back to the EBL system, Port Graham Bay and Tutka Bay Lagoon. Starting in 2012, Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association (CIAA) took over the operation to enumerate and characterize the smolt and adult migrations. In 2013, CIAA was awarded an Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund grant (AKSSF 44717) for funding the smolt and adult migration components. All hatchery activities (incubation, rearing, stocking and gamete collection) were funded solely using CIAA monies. 3

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15 PROJECT AREA English Bay Lakes is located on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula near the community of Nanwalek, Alaska (Figure 1). It is a system comprised of a chain of five small lakes with a total surface area of approximately 200 hectares. Second and Third lakes are the two primary salmon producers. Figure 1. General location of English Bay Lakes System 5

16 Second Lake has a surface area of 0.70 x 10 6 m 2 (150 acres), a mean lake depth of 10.9 m, a maximum depth of 25.9 m and a total volume of 7.6 x 10 6 m 3 (Figure 2). Third Lake, drains into Second Lake, has a surface area of 0.72 m x 10 6 m 2 (166 acres), a mean lake depth of 14.7 m, a maximum depth of 29 m, and a total volume of 10.6 x 10 6 m 3 (Figure 3). The hydraulic residence time is approximately 15 days for Second Lake and 35 days for Third Lake. Total annual outflow of Second Lake is more than 20 times greater than its volume and for Third Lake the outflow is nearly 10 times its volume (Edmundson et al. 1992). Figure 2. Bathymetric overview of Second Lake 6

17 Figure 3. Bathymetric overview of Third Lake 7

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19 METHODS In general, English Bay Lake salmon egg take, hatchery incubation, fry rearing, smolt enumeration and adult escapement monitoring follow procedures recommended by ADF&G. Environmental Conditions Daily observations completed at 5:00 P.M. throughout the summer field season, included percent cloud cover, precipitation to the nearest millimeter, and stage height. Air and water temperature were recorded every four hours using a Hobo data logger. All recordings in a 24 hour period were averaged to provide a daily average air and water temperature. Smolt Enumeration To enumerate the smolt migration, two smolt traps were temporarily placed in English Bay River approximately 0.29 miles downstream of First Lake. Each smolt trap consisted of a modified net with nylon mesh leads and a double compartment live box. Each trap connected to each other and covered the entire width of the river, so that all migrating smolts had to go through either one of the traps (Figure 3). For smolt enumeration, fish migrating downstream were directed by the net into a live box where they were captured, temporarily held, identified to species, counted and released downstream. Total counts of smolts migrating from the lake system were made until the migration of fish exceeded 2,000 to 3,000 fish per hour. When this occurred, a 10% sub-sampling procedure was used to enumerate the migrating smolts. To enumerate migrating smolts with the 10% sub-sampling procedure, the counting period was divided into 20 minute intervals. During each 20 minute interval, migrating fish were directed into the live-box for two minutes and then counted. During the remaining 18 minutes, migrating smolts were passed through the weir structure uncounted. The two-minute smolt count was 9

20 multiplied by 10 to estimate the number of smolts migrating during the twenty minute interval. Figure 3. The English Bay Lakes smolt traps. Assuming the two minute sub-sampling intervals were randomly distributed throughout subsampling 1 and smolt moved through the weir randomly, the total smolt migration was estimated as follows: If: T c = T s = T = y = n = number of fish counted with the total count procedure, number of fish counted with the 10% sub-sampling procedure, the total smolt migration, the number of fish counted in each two minute subsampling interval, the number of two minute sub-sampling intervals sampled, 1 Predetermined randomly selected 2 minute sub-sampling intervals assured random distribution within each 20 minute period. 10

21 and N = the number of possible two minute sub-sampling intervals, Then: and the variance is, And: T T T v 2 2 Ts N N n / N yi y / n n % for T 2 v T C I The variance about the estimated smolt migration, T, is equal to the variance about T s, because T c is a total count with 0 variance. s c s s Smolt Characteristics and Enhanced Contribution To evaluate the success of the enhancement project, staff collected a sample of sockeye smolts migrating to determine age, weight, and length characteristics of the population as well as the number of hatchery and naturally produced smolt. All fish released by CIAA have been thermally marked 2. In 2013, the smolt collected for measurement, age determination, and otolith removal were sampled in proportion to the daily smolt migration. This was accomplished by collecting every 200 th sockeye smolt that passed through the smolt trap. The numbering sequence began when the first fish passed through the trap and continued consecutively until the smolt migration was complete. Age, weight and length measurements were collected from 575 sockeye smolt (0.5%). Each smolt collected for evaluation was first measured to the nearest millimeter for fork length 3 and weighed to the nearest 0.1 gram. Otoliths were removed and placed in a labeled one dram vial filled with a 10% ethanol solution. At the CIAA office, each otolith was checked for a 2 The otolith mark is a hatchery induced thermal band produced by controlled temperature changes during incubation. 3 Standard fork length was measured from the tip of the snout to the fork of the tail. 11

22 hatchery mark following procedures described by Glick and Shields (1993). Otoliths were also used for aging. Sockeye smolt characteristics, the proportion of enhanced sockeye smolt and the proportion of age 1 and 2 sockeye smolt in the migrating population, were estimated with the following notations and formulas provided by ADF&G. If: N total number of migrating smolts, N h number of smolts in stratum h, N N h, n total number of smolts sampled, n h number of smolts sampled in stratum h, n n h, a total number of enhanced smolts sampled, a h number of enhanced smolts sampled in stratum h, a a h, ph ah / nh, The proportion of enhanced smolts in stratum h, q h 1 p, The proportion of wild smolts in stratum h, h c i number of age i smolts sampled, c hi number of age i smolts sampled in stratum h, ci c, hi lhi chi / nhi, The proportion of age i smolts in stratum h, m hi 1 l, The proportion of other than age i smolts in stratum h, hi f n / N, The sampling fraction (assumed equal in all strata), W N / N, The stratum weight, and, h h y the weight or length of the smolt. Then the proportion of enhanced smolts, P, was estimated as: P a / n v P 1 f 1 / n Wh phqh ; ; with a variance of which, under proportional allocation, is like the usual simple random sample estimate. The total number of enhanced smolts, A, was also estimated as: A N a / n NP ; 12

23 with a variance of: v A ˆ 2 N 1 f 1/ n W p q N v Pˆ 2 h h h. Since samples sizes were fairly large and P was not extreme, the normal approximation, without a correction for continuity, could be used to develop the relative error. Thus, the 95% confidence interval estimate for P and A is: and, the relative error is: 196 and A 1.96 v Aˆ P. v P ˆ ; and R. E.. v A A R. E.. v P P The proportion of age i smolt in the smolt migration was also estimated as: L i c i ; with a variance of v( L f W l m n 1 ) ( 1 ) h n and, the total number of age i smolts was estimated as: i h hi hi C N( L ) ; with a variance of v( C ) N 2 v( L ). i i Confidence interval (95%) estimates for age-class proportion and abundance, assuming 2 age-classes, are: 2 24 v Li and C. v ( C ) i i L. ( ) i i Mean weight or length of age i smolt was also estimated as: y i with an approximate variance estimate of: h c i j y hij ; i ; 2 1 Nh ( 1 f ) v( yi ) h C 2 n ( n 1) i h h j chi ( y y ) c ( 1 )( y y ) 2 2 hij hi hi nh hi i. The confidence interval (95%) estimate for the mean weight and length is: y i 196. v( y ). i 13

24 Adult Escapement To enumerate and collect adult sockeye salmon returning to the English Bay Lakes, a counting weir was temporarily installed. The weir was constructed of 1.9 cm galvanized pipe and 7.6 cm aluminum channel spaced 2.54 cm apart (Figure 4). Figure 4. The English Bay Lakes adult weir. Field personnel visually identified by species and counted the adult fish as they ascended English Bay River. By removing one or two pickets, fish were permitted to pass through the weir. Initially counts were made at least twice a day. As the number of adult fish passing through the weir increased, counts were made more frequently. 14

25 In addition to the enumeration of the adult sockeye salmon escapement, the sex, age and standard fork length of the returning population was also assessed by collecting a sample in proportion to the daily migration. This was accomplished by collecting every 50 th adult sockeye that passed through the weir. The numbering sequence began when the first fish passed through the weir and continued consecutively until the adult migration was complete. The sex of each adult sockeye salmon was visually determined and the standard fork length measured to the nearest millimeter. For age and hatchery contribution, field personnel removed the otoliths and placed them into labeled one dram vials filled with 10% ethanol solution. Each otolith was checked for a hatchery mark and aged following procedures described by Glick and Shields (1993). All adult sockeye salmon sacrificed for otolith collection were donated to the Nanwalek Village. The proportion of enhanced adult sockeye were estimated using the following notations and formulae. If: N = total number of migrating adults, n = total number of migrating adults sampled, a = total number of enhanced migrating adults, p = the proportion of enhanced migrating adults. Then the proportion of enhanced adults, P, was estimated as: P a / n ; with a variance of v P ( a / n)(1 a / n)/ n 1 ˆ The total number of enhanced adults, A, was also estimated as: A N a / n NP v Aˆ v Pˆ N. ; with a variance of: 2 Thus the 95% confidence interval estimate for A ˆ 1.96 v Aˆ 15

26 A total of 253 otoliths were collected of which 247 could be read. Gamete Collection, Incubation and Rearing - Sockeye Five eggtakes in total were completed. The first eggtake was directed to the back-stocking program at Second Lake while the remaining four eggtakes were for other stocking programs in the Lower Cook Inlet. Male and female adult sockeye salmon from the spawning areas were killed and stripped of their gametes. For the first eggtake in which resulting progeny would be used for back-stocking Second Lake (non-enhanced fish), each contributing parent was numbered and the mating crosses recorded. The gametes were shipped to TLH for fertilization, incubation and rearing. In addition to removing the gametes, staff also collected the otoliths from both the male and female parents. At TLH, each mating cross was recorded and the fertilized eggs were placed into heath stacks until they reach the eyed stage. Otoliths were ground, polished and read. Any hatchery crossed pairings were removed from the EBL back-stocking program at the eyed stage and placed into production for stocking at Tutka Bay Lagoon (smolt) or Lower Cook Inlet lakes as spring fry. Only those crossings in which both parents were determined to be wild (non-enhanced), were kept for back-stocking into Second Lake as fall fry. All other eggtakes followed the same procedures except mating crosses were not tracked (bulk incubation) and otoliths were not collected. Fish Transport and Stocking Approximately, 139,000 eggs from BY12 were excess to the back-stocking program or were from enhanced fish and designated for the Tutka smolt program. For stocking, all fry were transported by truck from TLH to Trail Lakes in oxygenated transport tanks where they were 16

27 transferred to oxygenated tanks located in a fixed wing aircraft. Fry were flown to Second Lake where they were released. Smolts will be released at Tutka Bay Lagoon in the spring of

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29 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Environmental Conditions The environmental conditions recorded in 2013 are presented in Appendix 1. Between 08 May and 26 July, the average air temperature was 9.9 o C (± 3.5 o C) while water temperature averaged 10.4 o C (± 3.5 o C) (Table 1). Average stage height was 1.71 ft (± 0.66 ft). Table 1. Environmental conditions observed at English Bay Lakes, No. of Days <50% >50% Days Temperature (C) Total Cloud Cloud 100% Meas. Precip Air Water Year Days Clear Cover Cover Overcast Rain Precip (mm) Avg Range Avg Range (3-20) 7.6 (2-12) (2-20) 10.4 (5-16) Rain days are counted as days with measurable precipitation and 100% overcast is measured as those days indicated as 100% overcast with or without measurable precipation. Smolt Enumeration - Sockeye Enumeration of Bear Lake sockeye smolt occurred between 10 May and 05 July. A total of 113,905 sockeye smolt migrated from English Bay Lakes in 2013 (Appendix 2). The 10% subsampling procedure was not used. In addition to the sockeye salmon smolt, 10,877 coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch), 69,000 pink salmon fry (Oncorhynchus gorbusha), 1,143 Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and 94 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migrated from the lake. A total of 575 sockeye smolt otoliths were collected of which 557 were readable. Otolith samples were collected from every 200 th sockeye smolt that went through the trap (0.5%). Of the migrating smolts, 74.3% (± 3.7%) were age 1 and 25.7% (± 3.7%) were age 2. The age 1 smolts averaged 68 mm ( 0.7 mm) in length and 2.5 g ( 1.3 g) in weight. The age 2 smolts averaged 76 mm (± 3.8 mm) in length and 4.1 g (± 0.55 g) in weight (Table 2). Based on the presence of hatchery induced thermal marks in the otoliths of 557 smolt, it was estimated that 41.3% ( 3.9%) of the sockeye smolt were of hatchery origin (Table 2). 19

30 Table 2. English Bay Lakes sockeye smolt characteristics. Age Composition Average Length (mm) Average Weight (g) % No. Year Number 95%CI Hatch. 95%CI Wild % CI % CI % CI % CI CI 2.0 CI CI 2.0 CI 2012* 113, ,600 98,200 3,900 15,200 3, , ,900 84,700 4,200 29,200 4, Avg. 113, ,300 91,450 4,100 22,200 4, Total 227, ,900 44, Average Length rounded to nearest mm, Average Weight rouinded to nearset 0.1 g. All other figures have been rounded to nearest 100 fish. *Care should be taken in interpreting results in 2012 as the sampling was not proportional to the daily migrations. Adult Escapement - Sockeye Adult sockeye salmon began arriving at the weir on 27 May 2013 and continued to migrate until 26 July 2013 (Appendix 3). During this time, 12,657 adults were captured and counted at the weir (Table 3). Otolith samples were collected from every 50 th fish that passed through the weir (2%). A total of 253 otolith samples were collected of which 244 could be read. The returning major age groups for adult sockeye included ages 1.2 (9.0%), 1.3 (57.6%), 2.2 (13.9%), 2.3 and 2.3 (19.5%). A summary of mean age and length, by age class, for adult sockeye salmon escapement to English Bay Lakes for 2013 is presented in Appendix 4. Table 3. English Bay Lakes adult sockeye characteristics. Weir Sockeye Salmon Retun Age Composition Year Total , , , , , , , ,756 2, Avg 8, , , , % of Avg 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.1% 0.0% 53.7% 0.00% 11.6% 21.3% 0.00% 0.0% Based on the presence of thermal marks, it was estimated that 7.0% (± 4.3%) of the adults were of hatchery origin. Furthermore, of the 889 fish which were determined to be of enhanced origin, brood year contribution was determined to be as follows: BY07 = 17.7%; BY08 = 0.0% and BY09 = 82.4%. Of the 11,768 fish which were determined to come from natural production, 20

31 the brood year contribution was determined to be as follows: BY07 = 19.6%; BY08 = 76.4% and BY09 = 4.0%. Hatchery Activities Stocking In 2013, 211,000 sockeye fall fry (BY12; 2,4H) were released into English Bay Lake. These fish will migrate in 2014/2015 as smolts. At the time of release, the sockeye fry averaged 2.7 g. Eggtake On 05 September, 2013, a total of 509,000 sockeye salmon eggs were collected. A total of 384 broodfish were used providing an average fecundity of 2,653 eggs/female. A total of 192 females and 192 males were crossed at 1:1 ratio. All 384 broodfish were sampled for otoliths. Of the 384 otoliths, 1 fish (0.3%) was determined to have a thermal mark (enhanced fish) while the remaining 383 (99.7%) did not. Once the eggs reached the eyed stage, those crosses which were a) identified with a thermal mark, b) could not be read and c) age determination indicated that they were jacks, were removed from the English Bay Lakes back-stocking group and moved into general production (with the exception of the jacks which were culled) for stocking at either Tutka Bay Lagoon (smolts) or Lower Cook Inlet lakes (spring fry). Sockeye eggs were also collected on four other occasions for Tutka Bay Lagoon and Lower Cook Inlet lakes stocking programs. An additional 1,611,000 eggs were collected. Including the broodfish used for back-stocking a total of 1,753 adult salmon were used (includes broodstock, mortalities and inviable). Overall average fecundity was 2,500 eggs/female. Overall survival to the eyed stage was 89.8%. Table 4 provides an overview of egg collection activities for enhancement at English Bay Lakes since brood year

32 Table 4. English Bay Lake egg collection activities BY Sockeye Brood Brood Green Eyed Year Stock Eggs Eggs % , , , , ,023 1,113,000 1,013, ,100 2,504,876 2,204, , , ,661 2,120,000 1,904, Total 6,986,898 6,201,859 Ave 973, , Fry-to-Smolt Survival Migrating smolts in 2013 were stocked either as fry in 2011 (BY10 - Age 2) and 2012 (BY11 - Age 1). Based on age classification from otoliths, the fry-to-smolt survival for each brood year of fry stocking can be determined. Total smolt migration count (count plus fish sampled for otolith and mortalities) was used to determine fry-to-smolt survival. While the fry stocked from BY09 are no longer part of the smolt migration, insufficient data in previous years (pre-2012) makes the data set incomplete. Currently, BY10 is estimated at a 15.2% fry-to-smolt survival while BY11 is at 16.4%. Both brood years are incomplete with additional smolts from these year classes expected to migrate in 2014/2015. This information is summarized in Table 5. Table 5. English Bay Lakes fry-to-smolt survival Sockeye Brood No. Fry Size No. Hatch. % Hatch. Year Escap. Stocked (g) Smolt Smolt Survival 2007 ND 246, ND a ND 202, ,196 2, % 2010 * ND 203, ,477 30, % 2011 * ND 213, ,400 34, % 2012 * 3, , * 10,904 Ave 1 3, , ,691 22, % a Age 1 smolts cannot be determined due to insufficient data. This year class is incomplete * indicates incomplete brood year. 22

33 Marine Survival Based on information collected from migrating sockeye smolt and returning sockeye adults (total return), it is possible to provide an estimate of the survival of hatchery fish in the marine environment. BY09 is at 2.1% smolt-to-adult survival but this data set is incomplete due to insufficient data for smolt migration. This information is summarize below in Table 6. Table 6. Marine Survival for English Bay Lakes Marine Survivial BY (%) 2009 ND AVE 0.0 Red and italics are incomplete. 23

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35 RECOMMENDATIONS Monitoring of smolt and adult migration should continue thereby providing sufficient data to determine the performance of both enhanced and naturally produced fish in the English Bay Lakes system. Based on the last two years of data ( ), the size of the sockeye smolt at migration is equal to or less than the size at stocking. This would seem to indicate that food source is a limiting factor in salmon production or fish are not feeding during the winter months. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the fall fry stocking into Second Lake are of the highest quality to ensure their survival over the winter period. 25

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37 LITERATURE CITED CIAA (2013). English Bay Lakes Adult Enumeration Procedures Manual. CIAA (2013). English Bay Lakes Smolt Enumeration Procedures Manual. Edmundson, J.A., Kyle, G.B. and Balland, T. (1992). Rearing Capacity, Escapement Level, and Potential for Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Enhancement in English Bay Lakes. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Fisheries Rehabilitation, Enhancement and Development Number 120. Glick, W., and Shields, P (1993). Juvenile Salmonid Otolith Extraction and Preparation Techniques for Microscopic Examination. Soldotna: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries Management and Development. 27

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39 APPENDICES 29

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41 Appendix 1. English Bay Lakes Environmental Conditions Date Sky Precip. (mm) Upper Gauge (ft) Water Temp (oc) Air Temp (oc) Date Sky Precip. (mm) Upper Gauge (ft) Water Temp (oc) 1-May 1-Jun May 2-Jun May 3-Jun May 4-Jun May 5-Jun May 6-Jun May 7-Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Jun May Air Temp (oc) Sky Conditions 1 = clear 2 = less than 50% cloud cover 3 = more than 50% cloud cover 4 = 100% overcast 5 = rain 31

42 Appendix 1 (continued). English Bay Lakes Environmental Conditions Date Sky Precip. (mm) Upper Gauge (ft) Water Temp (oc) Air Temp (oc) 1-Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul 28-Jul 29-Jul 30-Jul 31-Jul Sky Conditions 1 = clear 2 = less than 50% cloud cover 3 = more than 50% cloud cover 4 = 100% overcast 5 = rain 32

43 Appendix 2. English Bay Lakes Smolt Migration Sockeye Coho Dolly Varden Rainbow Trout Date Daily Otoliths Cumm % Smpl Daily Cumm Daily Cumm Daily Cumm 01-May May May May May May May May May May % May % May % May % May % May % May % May , % May , % May , % May , % May , % May , % 128 1, May , % 93 1, May , % 156 1, May 2, , % 331 1, May 3, , % 388 2, May 3, , % 255 2, May 4, , % 365 2, , May 6, , % 461 3, , May 7, , % 464 3, , May 9, , % 512 4, , Jun 7, , % 437 4, , Jun 7, , % 429 4, , Jun 3, , % 352 5, , Jun 2, , % 416 5, , Jun 2, , % 380 6, , Jun 3, , % 403 6, , Jun 2, , % 320 6, , Jun 3, , % 395 7, , Jun 4, , % 382 7, , Jun 3, , % 368 7, , Jun 2, , % 347 8, , Jun 2, , % 292 8, , Jun 2, , % 180 8, , Jun 2, , % 196 9, , Jun 1, , % 215 9, , Jun 2, , % 186 9, , Jun 1, , % 141 9, , Jun 1, , % 116 9, , Jun 1, , % 90 9, , Jun 1, , % 141 9, , Jun , % , , Jun 1, , % 96 10, , Jun , % 76 10, , Jun , % 92 10, , Jun , % 81 10, , Jun , % 58 10, , Jun , % 49 10, , Jun , % 77 10, , Jun , % 44 10, , Jun , % 40 10, , Jul , % 44 10, , Jul , % 57 10, , Jul , % 48 10, , Jul , % 43 10, , Jul , % 49 10, , Totals 113, , % 10,877 10,877 1,143 1,

44 Appendix 3. English Bay Lakes Adult Sockeye Salmon Migration. Lake Escapement Daily Cumm. Date Sockeye Otoliths % sampled Total Total 21-May May May May May May May % May May % May % May % Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun % Jun % Jun % Jun % Jun % Jun % Jun % 340 1, Jun % 198 1, Jun % 206 1, Jun % 205 1, Jun % 65 1, Jun % 16 1, Jun % 32 2, Jun % 50 2, Jun 0 0 2, Jun % 36 2, Jun % 755 2, Jun % 1,212 4, Jun % 1,518 5, Jun % 812 6, Jun % 762 7, Jul % 632 7, Jul % 926 8, Jul % 223 8, Jul % 215 9, Jul % 204 9, Jul % 213 9, Jul % 204 9, Jul % 203 9, Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul % , Jul , Jul % 56 12, Jul , Jul % 23 12, Jul % 16 12, Jul % 13 12, Jul % 9 12, Jul % 6 12, Jul 0 12, Jul 0 12, Jul 0 12, Jul 0 12, Jul 0 12,657 Total 12, % 12,657 12,657 34

45 Appendix 4. English Bay Lakes 2013 Adult Sockeye Age and Sex Characteristics Sample Period: May 27 - July 26 Age Total Males (No.) , ,085 5,993 Percent 0.0% 6.9% 66.4% 0.0% 8.6% 18.1% 47.3% Sample Size Total Sample Size 122 Mean Length (mm) Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Weight (kg) Std. Deviation Std. Error Females (No.) , ,240 1,395 6,509 Percent 0.0% 9.5% 50.0% 0.0% 19.0% 21.4% 51.4% Sample Size Total Sample Size 128 Mean Length (mm) Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Weight (kg) Std. Deviation Std. Error Both Sexes (No.) 0 1,137 7, ,756 2,480 12,657 Percent 0.0% 9.0% 57.6% 0.0% 13.9% 19.6% 100.0% Sample Size Total Sample Size 250 Mean Length (mm) Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Weight (kg) Std. Deviation Std. Error Total means for males, females and both sexes are generated from the total sample size 35

46 Appendix 5. English Bay Lakes 2013 Sockeye Smolt Hourly Counts Sum of SockeyeTime Date 12 AM 1 AM 2 AM 3 AM 4 AM 5 AM 6 AM 7 AM 8 AM 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM 12 PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM 11 PM Grand Total 5/10/ /11/ /12/ /13/ /14/ /15/ /16/ /17/ /18/ /19/ /20/ /21/ /22/ /23/ /24/ /25/ ,195 5/26/ ,188 5/27/ ,670 5/28/ ,980 5/29/ , ,594 5/30/ ,612 5/31/ ,205 6/1/ , ,992 6/2/ ,423 6/3/ ,258 6/4/ ,977 6/5/ ,664 6/6/ ,406 6/7/ ,435 6/8/ ,573 6/9/ ,911 6/10/ ,834 6/11/ ,355 6/12/ ,651 6/13/ ,745 6/14/ ,609 6/15/ ,783 6/16/ ,038 6/17/ ,309 6/18/ ,163 6/19/ ,107 6/20/ ,450 6/21/ /22/ ,105 6/23/ /24/ /25/ /26/ /27/ /28/ /29/ /30/ /1/ /2/ /3/ /4/ /5/ Grand Total 6,774 9,280 7,399 6,129 5,299 4,038 4,528 5,625 5,742 4,856 4,511 3,837 3,685 4,130 5,078 4,404 4,040 3,625 3,615 2,830 2,858 3,462 3,527 4, ,905 36

47 21-May 26-May 31-May 5-Jun 10-Jun 15-Jun 20-Jun 25-Jun 30-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 15-Jul 20-Jul 25-Jul 30-Jul 11-May 17-May 23-May 29-May 4-Jun 10-Jun 16-Jun 22-Jun 28-Jun 4-Jul Sockeye Smolts Sockeye Adults Appendix 6 - English Bay Lakes 2013 Project Updates Stocking & Misc. Activities Egg Take Crew on-site: 8-May Dates: 5-Sep to 21-Sep Ice-out: NA No. of broodstock used*: 1753 Crew off-site: 26-Jul Green eggs: 2,120,000 Fry stocking: 24-Oct 211, g Fecundity: 2,518 Eyed eggs: 1,904,000 Smolt Migration Dates: 10-May to 5-Jul % Survival 89.8% Sockeyes: 113,905 Percent age 1: 84, % Adult Migration Percent age 2: 29, % Dates: 27-May to 26-Jul Percent age 3: 0 0.0% Total return: 16,820 Percent hatchery: 47, % Subsistence Harvest 3, % Dolly Varden: 1,143 Lake: 12, % Mortalities 0 Hatchery broodstock: 1,753 Lake broodstock: 10,904 *Includes mortalities and inviables 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 English Bay Lakes ,000 12,000 10,000 8, English Bay Lakes 40,000 6,000 20, ,000 4,000 2,