Polychaeta collected by U. D. Gaikwad at Ratnagiri, south of Bombay

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1 Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 52: With 4 figures June 1973 Polychaeta collected by U. D. Gaikwad at Ratnagiri, south of Bombay J. H. DAY University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa Accepted for publication May 1972 A collection of polychaete worms, obtained by Mr U. D. Gaikwad from sandy and rocky shores near the Ratnagiri Marine Biological Station which is some 240 km south of Bombay, included 50 species. Among them were seven new species namely: Intoshella indica, Hotolepidella rnaculata, Lepidasthenia tubicoh, Nereis (Nereis) gaikwdi, Polydora gaikwadi, Cirrntulus indicus, and Sabelluria simplex. The remaining species belong to the Indo-west Pacific fauna but several have not previously been recorded from India itself. Glycera decipiens Marenzeller, Dorvillea matsushimaensis (Okuda & Yamada) and Mesochaetopterus japonicus Fujuwara, known only from Japan, have been re-described. Nicolea gracilibranchis Grube is shown to be a synonym of the widely distributed N. wnustula (Montagu) and Terebella yappensis Okuda, originally described as a variety of T. ehrenbergi, is raised to species rank. CONTENTS Introduction Systematic section References INTRODUCTION I wish to thank Mr U. D. Gaikwad of the Ratnagiri Marine Biological Research Station for sending me an interesting collection of Polychaeta from Ratnagiri. Ratnagiri is about 240 km south of Bombay and the whole collection of 83 samples was made in the intertidal zone at nearby localities between 1968 and Further details of the collection data are given under each species. A few of the vials were broken in transit but the rest of the collection was excellently preserved and included 50 species of polychaetes including seven new species and a number of new records for India. Fauvel (1953) reviewed earlier studies of Polychaeta from India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma, Malaya and adjacent seas and gave keys, short descriptions and figures for all the recorded species. Since that date the main studies have been those of Dr P. H. D. H. de Silva and Dr T. G. Pillai in Ceylon. Indeed, more is known about the Polychaeta of Ceylon than of the whole Indian mainland so that many new species undoubtedly await description. Nevertheless it is well known that the marine fauna is merely part of the vast Indo-west Pacific fauna 337

2 338 J. H. DAY extending from the Red Sea and South Africa to Japan, the South Pacific Islands and northern New Zealand. It is thus possible to find descriptions of Indian species in the works of many well-known authorities dealing with distant localities in this vast region. By way of example, Mesochaetopterus japonicus and Terebella yappensis, here recorded from India for the first time are known only from Japan and the Caroline Islands. The types of the new species have been donated to the British Museum of Natural History. SYSTEMATIC SECTION Family Polynoidae Harmothoe dictyophora (Grube, 1878).Harmothoe dictyophora. Willey, 1905: 251, pl. 1, figs 14-16; Fauvel, 1953: 44, fig. 20 a,b,m; Day, 1967: 65, fig. 1.8.m-r. Records. One specimen from algae on mud, Mirkar wada, 5/4/69. Distribution. Tropical Indo-west Pacific from the Red Sea and South Africa to the Philippine Islands. Paralepidonotus ampulliferus (Grube, 1878) Lepidonotus ampulliferus. Gravier, 1901: 214, pl. 7, figs Harmothoe ampullifera. Fauvel, 1953: 43, fig. 18 d: de Silva, 1965; 538, fig. 1; Pillai, 1965: 117, fig. 3D-G, fig. 4A, B. Paralepidonotus arnpulliferus. Day, 1967: 47, fig. 1.4.a-f. Records. One specimen among shells, Mirkar wada, 16/1/69. Distribution. Tropical Indo-west Pacific from the Red Sea to Moqambique and the Philippine Islands. Paralepidonotus indicus (Potts, 1910) Lagisca indica Potts, 1910: 338, pl. 19, fig. 13, pl. 21, figs Harmothoe indica. Fauvel, 1953: 47, fig. 20 h-k. Paralepidonotus indicus. Day, 1967: 48, fig. 1.4.g-k. Records. One specimen from muddy stones, Mirkar wada, 6/4/69. Distribution. Maldive Is., Mocambique, Solomon Is. Intoshella indica sp. nov. (Fig. 1A-F) Holotype. BM(NH) ZB Description. One specimen was obtained. The body is depressed, 25 mm long by 3.5 mm for 39 segments. It is pale grey-brown in alcohol, with a darker median stripe where the dorsum is exposed between the elytra. The prostomium (Fig. 1B) is hexagonal, slightly broader than long, with the median antenna inserted terminally and the laterals arising from a lower level. The ceratophores of the antennae are stout and swollen and their ceratostyles short and tapered with a few minute papillae.

3 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 3 39 Figure 1. fntoshe//u indicu sp. nov.: A, elytron; B, head; C, notoseta; D, superior neuroseta; E, middle neuroseta; F, posterior view of parapodium. Ho/o/epide//u rnuculotu sp. nov.: G, elytron; H, notoseta; I, neuroseta; J, head; K, posterior view of parapodium. There are 16 pairs of elytra extending over the whole length of the body and inserted on segments 2, 4, 5... and alternate segments to 23 and thereafter on every third segment 26, 29, 32, 35. Individual elytra (Fig. 1A) are broadly oval with a smooth surface and no marginal papillae; the colour is grey with a darker central spot and a pale crescentic area. The parapodia (Fig. 1F) bear fairly long dorsal cirri mounted on dark, swollen cirrophores. The notopodium is well developed with numerous fine setae and the neuropodium has a prominent bilobed presetal projection and a low postsetal lip. The ventral cirrus is small and pyriform. There are no ventral lamellae.

4 3 40 J. H. DAY The notosetae (Fig. 1C) are finer than the neurosetae: they are microscopically serrated along the length of the blade and end in hairlike tips. The neurosetae are of two types; a few superior ones (Fig. 1D) have long slender spinulose blades ending in fine tips; the middle and inferior ones are all similar with relatively short straight blades (Fig. 1E) with two or three serrations and then a long naked portion ending in a pointed tip without any sign of a secondary tooth. Remarks. It is difficult to decide the generic position of this species. It agrees with Gattyuna McIntosh and Hurtmania Pettibone in the number of segments, the insertion of the antennae and the fine notosetae and stouter, unidentate neurosetae but it has 16 not 15 pairs of elytra and it lacks prostomial peaks. Zntoshella Darboux is generally similar but the described species have pairs of elytra. Malmgrenia is also related but it has stout notosetae and 15 pairs of elytra. It has thus been assigned to Zntoshella with considerable hesitation. Records. One specimen from muddy stones; Mirkar wada 7/4/69. Hololepidella maculata sp. nov. (Fig. 1G-K) Holotype. BM(NH) ZB Description. One broken specimen was obtained. The body is slender, measuring 25 by 3 mm for 53 segments. There is a well developed colour pattern with three broken dark bars on each segment, a dark streak on the upper surface of each cirrophore and a dark spot in the centre of each elytron. The prostomium (Fig. 1 J) is hexagonal and swollen with very large eyes, the anterior pair being at the very front of the prostomium or either side of the median antenna and above the lateral antennae. There are no prostomial peaks. The median antenna is missing but its cirrophore is terminal in origin. The lateral antennae are very small and their short cirrophores, which are just visible from above, are obviously ventral in origin. There are 24 pairs of elytra inserted on setigers 2, 4, 5, 7 and alternate segments to setiger 23 and then on setiger 26 and every third segment to setiger 41 and finally on alternate segments 43, 45, 47, 49, 51 and 53. Individual elytra (Fig. 1G) are delicate, large enough to cover most of the dorsum, oval in outline with merely a few scattered microtubercles but no marginal papillae. The dorsal cirri are mounted on long, dark cirrophores and their slender tips extend beyond the neurosetae. The parapodia (Fig. 1K) consists of a small notopodium and a stout neuropodium with a triangular presetal lobe and a low, rounded postsetal lip. The ventral cirri are long and tapered. There are no papillae on the ventrum or the sides of the parapodia. A fair number of notosetae are present on all setigerous segments; each one (Fig. 1H) is a hairlike capillary with faint, widely spaced serrations. The neurosetae (Fig. 11) are stouter than the notosetae but still slender and tranyyarent; the unusual feature is that the blades are not tapered and the tips are so blunt as to appear knobbed at first sight. High magnification reveals that the whole length of the blade is finely spinulose and the blunt end is obscurely bidentate.

5 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 341 Remarks. Pettibone (1 969) has reviewed the genus Hololepidella Willey and other closely related genera. H. maculata agrees with the genus as emended with the exception that the notosetae are more slender than the neurosetae. It differs from H. commensalis Willey and H. nigropunctata (Horst) in lacking prostomial peaks and having the anterior pair of eyes not lateral but on the anterior margin of the prostomium. H. venosa (Grobe) has only 18 pairs of elytra and again the anterior pairs of eyes are lateral. As noted above the neurosetae of H. maculata are characteristic. Records. One specimen from the tube of Mesochaetopterus japonicus buried in mud near Mandui Jetty, 7/6/69. Lepidonotus jacksoni (Kinberg, 1858) Lepidonotusjacksoni. Fauvel, 1953: 34, fig. 13 k-m, Day, 1967: 80. Notes. This species is characterized by having elytra with a well developed fringe of long papillae on the lateral margin and with the surface beset with bluntly conical tubercles. The tubercles vary in size and ornamentation; those near the elytron centre are larger and covered with granules while those nearer the margins are smaller and often spinulose like crowns. The neurosetae are mainly bidentate but the secondary tooth is always small and tends to disappear on the inferiormost setae. Records. Two specimens from loose rocks covered with algae, Mirkar wada, 7 I Distribution. Indo-west Pacific from East Africa and Madagascar to Australia and New Zealand. Lepidasthenia tubicola sp. nov. (Fig. 2A-E) Holotype. BM(NH) ZB Paratype. BM(NH) ZB Description. The holotype is a complete specimen measuring 35 by 4 mm for 55 segments. The colour is pale grey with speckled palps, mottled grey elytra and conspicuous black bands on the antennae and dorsal cirri. The prostomium (Fig. 2C) is longer than broad with all three antennae terminal in origin. The median antenna is twice the length of the prostomium and has a dark band preceding the subterminal swelling and filiform tip. The laterals are similar but shorter, the palps are considerably longer and between them there is a large rounded facial tubercle under the antennae. The body is rather slender and hardly tapered posteriorly. It is covered along its whole length by 28 pairs of elytra which are large enough to meet in the mid-dorsal line. As usual they are inserted on segments 2, 4, 5 and alternate segments over most of the body but a few are irregularly arranged near the posterior end. Individual elytra (Fig. 2E) are tough, asymmetrically pear-shaped in outline and mottled grey with a darker spot over the elytrophore and a paler area behind this. The margins are smooth but the surface bears numerous weakly chitinized ovoid microtubercles. The dorsal cirri are mounted on short swollen cirrophores and the cirrostyles, which resemble the antennae, extend

6 342 J. H. DAY G Figure 2. Lepidasthenia tubicola sp. nov.: A. notoseta; B, neuroseta; C, head; D, posterior view of parapodium; E, elytron. Nereis (Nereb) gaikwodi sp. nov.: F, G, dorsal and ventral views of proboscis; H, anterior end; I, anterior foot; J, notopodial falciger from posterior foot; K, neuropodial falciger. beyond the neurosetae. The parapodia (Fig. 2D) bear well developed notopodia and a fine notosetae on all body segments. The neuropodia are wrinkled and presumably extensible; they end in equal presetal and postsetal lips which are unusual in that they bear a row of short papillae. The ventral cirri are fairly short and tapered but there are no rows or tufts of papillae on the sides of the parapodia or ventrum apart from the well developed nephridial papillae which appear in the 8th segment. The notosetae (Fig. 2A) are fine tapering capillaries which are strongly serrated to their hairlike tips. The neurosetae (Fig. 2B) are all stout even on the anterior feet and although some are thickened on posterior feet none can be

7 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 343 described as giant setae. All have stout curved blades with two to four rows of stumpy spinules at the base and long curved unidentate tips. Remarks. This species which is assigned to the genus Lepidasthenia with hesitation, has some resemblances to Halosydnoides pilosa (Horst) as described by Monro (1934); the setae are similar but H. pilosa has marginal fringes on the elytra. Lepidasthenia minikoensis very briefly described by Potts (1910: 344) has similar elytra and neurosetae but it lacks notosetae and no mention is made of papillae at the apices of the neuropodia. Records. Three specimens from Terebellid tubes, Mirkar wada, 17/3/69. Family Amphinomidae Eurythoe complanata (Pallas, 1766) Eurythoe complanata. Fauvel, 1953: 83, fig. 38 b-m; Day, 1967: 128 fig. 3.2.a-h. Records. Six specimens from loose stones on sand, Mirkar wada, 27/9/68 and 8/4/69. Distribution. All tropical seas. Family Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce (Anaitides) madeirensis Langerhans, 1880 Phyllodoce (Anaitides) madeirensis. Fauvel, 1923: 150, fig. 23 d-h; Day, 1967: 145, fig. 5.2.d-g. Records. One specimen among algae, Mirkar wada, 27/1/70. Family Syllidae Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 Syllis gracilis. Fauvel, 1923: 259, fig. 96 f-i. Syllis (Syllis) gracilis. Fauvel, 1953: 147, fig. 73 f-i; Day, 1967: 241, fig m-p. Records. Two specimens from algae, Mirkar wada, 8111/68. Distribution. Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas. Trypanosyllis zebra (Grube, 1860) Trypanosyllis zebra. Fauvel, 1923: 269, fig. 101 a-e; 1953: 157, fig. 79 a-d; Day, 1967: 256, fig a-b. Records. One specimen from mud, Kalbadevi, 7/3/70. Distribution. Warm and tropical Atlantic; Mediterranean; Indo-west Pacific; South Africa. Family Hesionidae Hesione splendida Savigny, Hesione pantherina. Fauvel, 1923: 233, fig. 87, 1953: 104, fig. 49. Hesione splendida. Day, 1967: 228, fig a-c.

8 344 J. H. DAY Records. Two specimens from loose stones on sand, 28/8/69, and /68. Distribution. France to Senegal; Mediterranean; Red Sea; tropical Indo-west Pacific. Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866 Leocrates claparedii. Fauvel, 1923: 237, fig. 88 i-n; 1953: 106, fig. 50 c-g; Wesenberg-Lund, 1949: 271, fig. 10; Day, 1967: 230, fig g-k; Leocrates chinensis. Imajima and Hartman, 1964a: 82. Records. Three specimens among shells, Mirkar wada, 26/8/69. Distribution. Senegal; Mediterranean; Red Sea and Indo-west Pacific from the Persian Gulf to South Africa and Japan to the South Pacific. Family Nereidae Nereis (Nereis) gaikwadi sp. nov. (Fig. 2F-K) Holotype. BM(NH) ZB Paratypes. BM(NH) ZB Description. The holotype is 18 mm long by 1.0 mm for 58 segments. The colour pattern is faint on the holotype but defined on the paratypes and includes intense brown bars on the prostomium, a rough rectangle on the peristome and two brown bars on the first few setigers but only two lateral spots on later segments. The head (Fig. 2H) has rather long antennae, large palps and slender tentacular cirri which tend to develop annulations near their ends; the longest reaches setiger 4. The proboscis (Fig. 2F-G) has conical black paragnaths on all areas; group I = 1; I1 = 2-3 oblique rows of about 15; 111 = an oval area of about 15; IV = a wedge of about 20 points, V = 1; VI = a close-set group of 5-6; VII + VIII = a broad band of points 4-5 deep. Anterior feet (Fig. 21) have two subequal notopodial lobes and a slightly longer dorsal cirrus. The neuropodial lobes do not possess any unusual features for the setigerous lobe lacks presetal or postsetal projections and the ventral cirrus is normal. Posterior feet are very similar to the anterior ones although all lobes are more pointed. Anterior notosetae are all homograph spinigers with rather short blades, but in posterior notopodia there are one or two homogomph falcigers (Fig. 2J) with short curved blades bearing a single small tooth. The neurosetae of all segments include the usual homogomph and heterogomph spinigers and an inferior group of heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 2K) with the hooked tip of the blade attached back by a small tendon. Remarks. This species is named in honour of Mr Gaikwad who collected it. The distinctive feature is the structure of the notopodial falcigers. Not many species of Nereis possess toothed blades on the homogomph falcigers and when teeth occur, there are usually two or three large ones as in Nereis (Nereis) jacksoni and Nereis (Nereisl falcaria both of which, moreover, have a single row of paragnaths on areas VII and VIII. Nereis (Nereid persica is closer, but here again there are two to three large teeth on the homogomph falciger and area V lacks paragnaths.

9 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 345 Records. Two specimens from algae, Mirkar wada, 3/3/69; five specimens from rock crevices, Bhatkar wada, 29/9/68. Perinereis nigropunctata (Horst, 1889) Perinereis majori Southern, 1921: 595, pl. 23, fig. 10, text figs 7, 8. Perinereis nigropunctata. Fauvel, 1953: 210, fig. 107 b-f; Day, 1967: 337, fig r-v. Records. One heteronereid under a Zounthus colony on rock, Mirkar wada, 3/3/69; one heteronereid from shells, Bhatkar wada, 15/3/69; six specimens from rock crevices, Bhatkar wada, 4/10/68 and 17/3/69; one juvenile from algae on rocks in front of Ratnagiri lighthouse, 13/1/70; one specimen from rock crevices, Jackey Mirya, 811 1/68. Distribution. Red Sea and tropical Indo-west Pacific from Mogambique to Indonesia. Perinereis cultrifera Grube, 1840 Perinereis cultrifera. Fauvel, 1923: 352, fig. 137; 1953; 206, fig. 106a-I; Day, 1967: 337, fig q. Notes. According to Fauvel, (1953: 208) this specimen, which has 2 paragnaths on group I and 3 paragnaths on group V, should be referred to P. cultrifera var. typicu. Records. One specimen under stones, Mirya bander, 27/9/68. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic from the North Sea to Senegal; Mediterranean; South Africa and tropical Indo-west Pacific. Perinereis nuntia brevicirris (Grube, 1857) Perinereis nuntia var. brevicirris. Fauvel, 1953: 214, fig. 109 a-b. Records. One specimen in a rock crevice, Mirkar wada, 27/9/68. Distribution. Indo-west Pacific from the Red Sea to Japan and New Caledonia. Pseudonereis variegata (Grube, 1857) Pseudonereis gallapagensis. Fauvel, : 3 15, fig a-c. Pseudonereis variegata. Day, 1967: 331, fig a-f. Records. One juvenile from muddy rocks, Bhatkar wada, 5/4/69. Distribution. Circumtropical and temperate seas in Southern Hemisphere. Family Glyceridae Glycera decipiens Marenzeller, 1879 (Fig. 3A-E) Glycera decipiens Marenzeller, 1879: 32, pl. 6, fig. 3: Imajima & Hartman, 1964a: 162. Glycera goesi. Izuka, 1912: 238, pl. 24, figs 1-2 (partim).

10 346 J. H. DAY Figure 3. Glycera decipiens: A, jaw support; B, types of proboscideal papillae; C, anterior end; D, posterior view of anterior foot; E, posterior View of posterior foot. Dorvillea marsushimaensis: F, Ieft maxilla and details of inner and outer tooth-plates; G, anterior end; H. notoseta; I, neuroseta; J, parapodium. Polydora gaikwadi sp. nov.: K, hook from setiger 5; L, hooded hook from middle foot; M, anterior end; N, pygidium. Parheferomastus tenuis: 0, thoracic hook; P, abdominal hook from setiger 40.

11 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 347 Description. Only a single specimen, 62 mm long with 125 segments was collected. The body is slender and tapered at both ends. The prostomium (Fig. 3C) is conical and tapered with about 10 poorly marked rings and 4 small terminal antennae. The proboscis is covered with two types of papillae (Fig. 3B) including a few oval compressed forms and numerous long conical forms without annulations. The jaw supports are similar to those of C. rouxi with the short prong completely united to the longer prong by a dark area (Fig. 3A). Branchiae start about the 20th foot as a single digitiform, retractile filament arising from the anterior face of the parapodium. Anterior feet (Fig. 3D) have tapered presetal lobes without any sign of a basal constriction, the superior one being slightly longer than the inferior. The two postsetal lobes are shorter than the presetal ones, the superior one being longer and pointed, and the inferior one short and rounded. The dorsal cirrus is barrel-shaped, and the ventral cirrus tapered. Posterior feet (Fig. 3E) are similar to anterior feet except that the inferior presetal lobe now exceeds the presetal lobe and the ventral cirrus is better developed. Remarks. This species has been described and figured because there are some discrepancies in earlier descriptions. Marenzeller 's original description is clear but his pl. 6, fig. 3 shows the gill arising from the posterior face of the parapodial trunk. The key in Imajima & Hartman is clear but the description is confused. G. decipiens is close to G. rouxi but differs in having the inferior postsetal lobe always rounded, never pointed, even in posterior feet. Further, the conical proboscideal papillae are more elongated. G. chirori Izuka is very close; the postsetal lobes of the parapodia are similar but the presetal lobes have basal constrictions. Records. One specimen from muddy sand, Mirya bander, 16/2/69. Distribution. G. decipiens is known from Japan and China; I believe this to be the first record from the Indian Ocean. Family Eunicidae Subfamily Eunicinae Lysidice ninetta collaris (Grube, 1870) Lysidice collaris. Gravier, 1900: 272, pl. 14, figs 93-95, text figs Fauvel, 1953: 248, fig. 124 a-g. Day, 1967: 402, fig a-f. Lysidice ninetta collaris. Day, 1972 (in press). Records. Four specimens in sandy rock crevices, Mirkar wada, 7/4/69 and Jackey Mirya, 16/1/69; one juvenile from shells, Mirkar wada, 15/10/68. Distribution. North Carolina; Red Sea and tropical Indo-west Pacific. Eunice antennata (Savigny, 1820) Eunice antennata. Fauvel, 1953: 240, fig. 118f-q; Day, 1967: 384, fig k-q. Records. Two specimens from muddy sand and shells, Bhatkar wada, 31/3/69 and Mirya bander, 18/6/69. Distribution. Circumtropical; South Africa.

12 348 J. H. DAY Eunice (Palolo) siciliensis Grube, 1840 Eunice siciliensis. Fauvel, 1923: 405, fig. 159 e-m; 1953: 241, fig. 121 e-m. Eunice (Palolo) siciliensis. Day, 1967: 382, fig a-f. Records. Tubes covered with leaves and shell fragments; three specimens from muddy sand, Maudui Jetty, 25/8/69 and muddy sand, Mirya Bay, 16/2/69; under soft rocks, Mirkar wada, 10/10/68. Distribution. Warm and tropical Atlantic; Mediterranean; Indo-west Pacific. Marphysa macintoshi Crossland, 1903 Marphysa mucintoshi Crossland, 1903: 137, pl. 14, figs 3-6; text fig. 12; Fauvel, 1953: 246; Day, 1967: 396, fig a-e. Remarks. This species has unidentate acicular setae in contrast to M. sanguinea which has bidentate acicular setae. Records. One specimen in sand under loose stones, Jackey Mirya, 16/4/70. Distribution. Warm and tropical Indian Ocean from the.red Sea to South Africa, Madagascar and Ceylon. Subfamily Onuphidinae Diopatra cuprea cuprea (Bosc, 1802) Diopatra cuprea. Hartman, 1944: 54, pl. 1, figs 9-14; de Silva, 1965: 548, fig. 6. Diopatra cuprea cuprea. Day, 1967: 417, fig a-d. Notes. It is probable that many records of Diopatra neapolitana from the tropical Indian Ocean really refer to Diopatra cuprea. Records. Three specimens from shelly sand, Jackey Mirya, 16/2/69 and Bhatkal wada, 17/3/69; two specimens from black mud, Mandui Jetty, 3/1/69. Distribution. Warm and tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Subfamily Lumbrinerinae Lumbrineris heteropoda Marenzeller, 1879 Lumbriconereis heteropoda. Crossland, 1924: 4, text figs 1-7; Fauvel, 1953: 268, fig. 135 g-h; Gallardo, 1968: 83, pl. 30, fig. 9-11, PI. 31, figs 1-4. Records. One specimen under stones, Mirkar wada, 7/10/68; two specimens from muddy sand, Mirya bander, 11/10/70 and 27/9/68. Distribution. Indo-west Pacific from Red Sea to Natal and southern Japan. Subfamily Dorvilleinae Dorvillea matsushimaensis (Okuda & Yamada, 1954) (Fig. 3F-J) Stuurocephalus matsushimaensis Okuda & Yamada, 1954: 187, text fig. 6. Dorvillea matsushimaensis. Imajima & Hartman, 1964a: 269. Description. Two specimens were obtained, the longer measuring 22 mm for 70 segments. The prostomium (Fig. 3G) is rounded and there is no sign of an

13 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 349 occipital lobe. The anterior pair of eyes is much larger than the posterior pair but they are partly hidden at the base of the antennae. The latter are half as long as the peristome is broad and have 6-8 annulations. The palps are stouter than the antennae and wrinkled along the anterior margin so that the small terminal joint is poorly defined. The mandibles are black and approximately H-shaped with the cutting edges irregularly serrated. The maxillae (Fig. 3F), consist of two closely apposed rows of tooth-plates on each side united posteriorly to a small median support so as to form a V-shaped structure on the roof of the pharynx. Each row consists of 16 large separate tooth plates followed by about 15 smaller teeth mounted on a bar which joins the median support. The inner and outer rows of tooth plates are similar but not identical, the outer plates bearing a major tooth and 4 pairs of minor denticles while each of the inner plates has a major tooth and three pairs of denticles. There is no dorsal cirrus on the first foot but all subsequent feet (Fig. 3J) have a short dorsal cirrus mounted on a longer cirrostyle which arises from the parapodial base and is supported by a fine internal aciculum. The setigerous lobes of all feet terminate in superior presetal and postsetal lips between which the superior setae arise and a single inferior lobe from which the compound setae arise. The ventral cirri are short and digitiform. The superior setae (Fig. 3H) are capillaries with tapering flattened blades which are microscopically serrated on one side and are tipped with two minute teeth; when viewed edge-on the whole seta appears hairlike. There are no forked setae. The inferior falcigerous setae (Fig. 3 I) have heterogomph bidentate blades with a delicate terminal guard. Records. Two specimens from rock crevices, Mirkar wada, 27/9/68. Remarks. These two specimens agree with most of the characters given by Okuda & Yamada in their description of D. matsushimaensis apart from the maxillae. These are difficult to observe and allowances must be made for differences in detail. However, the individual tooth plates differ markedly in shape and the number of tooth plates in each row is less, i.e. 16 as against 23 for the upper (outer) plates and 15 as against 40 for the lower (inner) plates. Another allied species is Dorvillea australiensis (McIntosh) as redescribed by Benham (1915: 209, pl. 41, figs 58-66). D. australiensis is considerably larger (75 mm) and is said to have three rows of maxillary plates. D. angolana (Augener, 1918) is also close bur has only 3-4 joints to the antennae. Dis tri bu tio n. J apan. Family Spionidae Polydora gaikwadi sp. nov. (Fig. 3K-P) Holotype. BM(NH) ZB The material consists of one well-preserved specimen chosen as the holotype and three partly dried and broken paratypes. All are from gastropod shells. The holotype is colourless in alcohol and measured 23 mm for 65 segments. The prostomium (Fig. 3M) is broad and rounded in front with a slight median notch but could not be described as bilobed. It tapers posteriorly between the palps where it bears a large median tentacle but no eyes could be seen. A

14 350 J. H. DAY narrow grooved ridge extends back from the prostomium to the anterior margin of setiger 5. The peristome is broad and partly fused to setiger 1 which is small and bears a small notopodium but no notosetae. Setigers 2, 3, and 4 have well developed parapodia though it was noted that the neuropodial lobe of setiger 4 was smaller than those of setigers 1-3. Setiger 5 is almost twice as long as setiger 4 and slightly broader but bears no parapodial projections, merely a crescentic row of about 5 stout hooks alternating with small hastate setae. There are no bundles of setae either dorsal or ventral to the hooks. Setiger 6 is similar to setiger 4 but has no neuropodial lamella. Setiger 7 bears the first pair of branchiae which are small but thereafter the branchiae increase in length and continue to the end of the body. The pygidium (Fig. 3N) is poorly developed but is essentially funnel-shaped and notched dorsally between flaring lips. As noted above, there are no notosetae on setiger 1 but all subsequent segments except setiger 5 bear a tuft of narrow winged notosetae, there being no specialized notosetae on posterior segments. Similar winged capillaries are present on the neuropodia of setigers 1 to 4 and 6 to 11. Hooded hooks (Fig. 3L) appear in the neuropodia from setiger 12 and number about 6-8 per row. The burrowing hooks on setiger 5 number about five and are arranged in a single arc. Each hook (Fig. 3K) is unidentate and quite plain apart from a small and obscure lateral ff ange. Remarks. This species is named in honour of Mr U. D. Gaikwad who collected the specimens. The distinctive feature of P. guikwudi is the fact that the hooded hooks first appear on setiger 12 whereas they appear on setiger 7 on most other species. Other notable features are the presence of a median tentacle, the absence of eyes, the grooved ridge extending to setiger 5, the lack of specialized posterior notosetae and the small pygidial funnel. P. maculutu Day has hooded hooks from setiger 9 but it also has two median tentacles in tandem. P. commensalis Andrews living in gastropod shells with hermit crabs on the coasts of North America is closely related. As described by Blake (1971: 17, fig. ll), it also has the hooded hooks appearing far back on setiger and a lateral flange on the 5th hooks. However, it has no median tentacle on the prostomium and no posterior ridge or caruncle ; the flange on the enlarged 5th hooks is well developed, branchiae start on setiger 6 and the anus is surrounded by papillae. P. elugantissimu Blake & Woodwich, 1971 from shells of hermit crabs in California is also similar. It differs in having a deeply bilobed prostomium without a median tentacle, notosetae or setiger; and a four-lobed pygidium. Records. Four specimens from gastropod shells on white sand at Mirkar wada, Family Chaetopterid ae Chaetopterus variopedatus (Renier, 1804) Chaetopterus variopedatus. Fauvel, 1927: 77, fig. 26 a-n, 1953: 337, fig. 175 a-n; Day, 1967: 529, fig a-g. Records. Three specimens from intertidal mud among rocks, one from Bhatkar wada, 15/2/69; one from Mirkar wada, 11/11/68 and one from Mirya Bay, 8/11/68. Distribution. Cosmopolitan.

15 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 351 Mesochaetopterus japonicus Fujuwara, Mesochaetopterus japonicus. Okuda, 1935: 101, fig. 12; Imajima & Hartman, 1964b: 292. Diagnosis. Length up to 230mm with 9 anterior segments, 3 middle segments and 33 posterior segments. Prostomium poorly defined; no eyes. About 13 enlarged brown cutting setae in setiger 4 with flattened shafts and an obliquely truncate tip. First middle segment shorter than second and with a shorter triangular notopodium and the neuropodial ridge undivided. Second middle segment long with a large triangular notopodium and the neuropodial ridge divided like those of all subsequent segments. A baggy branchial vesicle posterolateral to a cupule or cupshaped organ preceding the parapodium. Notopodium digitiform and only slightly longer than notopodia of subsequent segments in posterior region. A median ciliated dorsal groove extending from prostomium along whole length of body, widening to form a cupule anterior to notopodia of middle segment 3 and broadening behind the notopodia to form a canoe-shaped organ. Remarks. The beautifully preserved specimens agree very well with Okuda s description. M. japonicus from the Indo-west Pacific region is close to M. taylori Potts from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States. The two species agree in size, colour and segmental arrangement. The main difference is that in M. japonicus the notopodia of the second segment of the middle region are much larger than the notopodia of the first and third segments while M. taylori lacks the canoe-shaped organ on the third segment of the middle region and has instead a second cupule at the posterior end of this segment. Barnes (1965: 230) reports that M. taylori forms two mucus bags when feeding. The other common species of Mesochaetopterus is M. Sagittarius (Claparkde) which Bhaud (1969) has shown to be conspecific with M. minutus Potts. The latter has been reported from many localities in the Indo-west Pacific. M. Sagittarius is a small species about 20 mm long; it is gregarious and has only two segments and one cupule in the middle region. Records. Three specimens from mud among intertidal rocks at Bhatkar wada, 15/2/69; one specimen from a sandy beach at Mandui jetty, 16/1/69. Distribution. Japan. Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparkde, 1870 Phyllochaetopterus socialis. Fauvel, 1927: 84, fig. 30 a-1, 1953: 339, fig. 176 a-1; Day, 1967: 525, fig. 22.l.h-r. Records. Two specimens from sand and shells, Mirkar wada, 3/1/69. Distribution. Temperate and tropical Atlantic; Mediterranean; Indian Ocean. Spiochaetopterus costarum (Claparkde, 1870) Tetepsavus costarum. Fauvel, 1927: 82, fig. 28 a-h. Spiochaetopterus costarum. Day, 1967: 528. Records. Two specimens under rocks covered with Zoanthus at Mirkar wada, 7/4/69.

16 352 J. H. DAY Distribution. Warm and tropical Atlantic; Mediterranean; Madagascar; Japan; Eastern Pacific. Family Cirratulidae Cirriformia filigera (Delle Chiaje, 1825) Audouiniafiligera. Fauvel, 1927: 92, fig. 32 h-m, 1953: 331, fig. 173 h-1. Cirriformia filigera. Day, 1967: 518, fig p-q. Records. Fourteen specimens from rocks covered with algae, Mirkar wada, 8/11/68 and 11/11/68. Cirratulus indicus sp. nov. (Fig. 4A-B) Holotype. BM(NH) ZB The material consists of three specimens; the holotype is a slender rounded worm 120 mm long by 1.2 mm wide with about 700 segments. It is dark purplish-brown in alcohol. The two paratypes are similar. The prostomium (Fig. 4B) is bluntly conical without visible eye-spots. The long, irregularly annulated peristome is partly fused with the prostomium and extends back over the dorsal part of the first few setigerous segments giving rise to numerous tentacular cirri above setigers 7 to 11, or 8 to 13. There are two oval patches of about 12 tentacular cirri with a distinct gap between right and left groups. The long, twisted cirri are as dark as the body; individual tentacles are grooved on one side and much stouter than the branchial filaments, being about half as stout as the length of the segments from which they arise. There is no sign of branchial filaments, or scars to indicate that they were present on setigers 1-6, i.e. anterior to the tentacular filaments so that they appear on the same segment as bears the first tentacular cirri. Later branchial filaments on middle segments (Fig. 4A) arise closer above the notosetae than the interval between the notosetae and neurosetae. No branchial filaments were found on the posterior half of the body. There are no parapodial prominences and the setae arise directly from the body wall, but their origin becomes more ventral from the middle of the body onwards. All setae in both the notopodia and neuropodia are long fine capillaries and even under high power no trace of spinulation could be seen. Remarks. C. indicus is closely allied to C. chrysoderma in colour, slenderness of body and lack of acicular setae. However it differs from the latter species in that the tentacles are more numerous and arise above setigers 7 to 11 (or 8 to 13) and not above setigers 4 to 7. Records. Three specimens found under rocks covered with algae at Mirkar wada, 11/11/68. Acrocirrus sp. The material consists of two specimens. The smaller is complete and measures 5 by 0.2 mm for 43 segments and the larger is broken and measures 5.2 mm for 30 segments. Both are black in alcohol. All appendages are missing although there are scars to indicate the origin of the palps on the head and 3 or possibly 4 pairs of branchial filaments on the first few segments. There is a pair

17 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 35 3 Figure 4. Chutulus indicus sp. nov.: A, T/S middle segment; B, anterior end. Subelloria simplex sp. nov.: C, dorsal view of operculum and anterior end; D, D', D2, palea of outer row with stages of splitting and wear; E, palea of middle row; F, palea of innermost row; G, uncinus. Nicolea venustula: H, I, edge-on and profile views of thoracic uncinus. Terebella yappensis: J, K, edge-on and profile views of thoracic uncinus; L, longer form of notoseta; M, shorter form of notoseta. of large indefinite eyes on the prostomium and a few minute digitiform papillae on the anterior segments. The neurosetae are 2-3 compound and falcigerous setae with strongly hooked and unidentate blades bearing a delicate guard on one side of the apex. The specimens are too small and incomplete for specific identification. The colouration and most of the recognizable characters suggest A. validus Marenzeller from Japan but the serrations on the notosetae are wider apart than those illustrated by Okuda (1934: fig. 9 e). No species of Acrocirrus has been recorded from India. Family Flabelligeridae Flagelligera affinis Sars, 1029 Flubelligeru affinis. Fauvel, 1927: 113, fig. 40 a-f; Day, 1967: 655, fig a-f. 24

18 354 J. H. DAY Records, One specimen under loose, muddy stones, Mirkar wada, 8/9/69. Distribution. Arctic, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Bering Sea to northern Japan. Pherusa parmata (Grube, 1878) Stylarioides parmatus Grube, 1878: 199, pl. 11, fig. 1; Fauvel, 1953: 346, fig. 179 b. Y Pherusa parmatu. Imajima & Hartman, 1964b: 303; Day, 1967: 658, fig a-c. Remarks. In Day (1967), I described the hooks as appearing in the neuropodia from setigers 6 or 7 and the cephalic hood as having a single marginal row of 15 branchial filaments on either side of the cephalic ridge. These are juvenile characters. In adults of 50 mm from the Ratnagiri collection, the hooks appear in the neuropodium of setiger 9 as illustrated by Grube s pl. 11, fig. 1 and the expanded cephalic hood bears about series each with 4-6 branchial filaments on its inner surface. Records. Three specimens from muddy rocks at Mirkar wada, 11/11/68. Distribution. Indo-west Pacific from Natal to Japan and New Zealand. Family Opheliidae Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin, 1839) Polyophthalmus pictus. Fauvel, 1927: 137, fig. 48 I-n; 1953: 360, fig ; Imajima & Hartman, 1964b: 309; Day, 1967: 579, fig k-m. Records. Five juveniles amongst algae on intertidal rocks, Jackey mirya, 6/9/70. Distribution. All warm and tropical seas. Family Arenicolidae Arenicola brasiliensis Nonato, 1958 Arenicola cristata var. brasiliensis Nonato, 1958: 2, pl. 1, figs 1, 3-6. Arenicola caroledna Wells, 1961; 10, pls 1-4; 1962: 340, pl. 1. Arenicola brasiliensis. Gaikwad, 1971 : 17 = (notes). Remarks. Wells (1962) reports that A. caroledna is a synonym of A. brasiliensis. He further states that it is very closely related to A. bombayensis Kewalramani et al. A. brasiliensis has 6 pairs of nephridia on setigers 5-10 and the nephridiopores open as plain clefts. A. bombayensis has 7 pairs of nephridia on setigers 5 to 11 and the nephridiopores are fully hooded. Records. One specimen from the sandy beach at Mirkar wada, 3/4/69. Distribution. Warm and tropical shores on both sides of the Americas; Suez; tropical Indo-Pacific from Japan to Australia. Family Capitellidae Parheteromastus tenuis Monro, 1937 Parheteromastus tenuis Monro, 1937: 536, fig. 2 d-e; Fauvel, 1953: 369, fig. 194 c-f.

19 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 355 Description. The body is slender, up to 50 mm long by 1.0 mm for more than 120 segments. It is pale brown in alcohol. The prostomium is bluntly conical with very indistinct eye-spots and the pharynx is papillose. The achaetous peristome is followed by four setigerous segments bearing winged capillaries in both rami. The wings of the capillaries are broad basally but taper rapidly to slender tips. All subsequent segments bear hooded hooks and it is difficult to decide where the thorax ends and the abdomen starts, for there is little difference in the length of the segments and there are no gills or parapodial prominences on the abdomen. However, the anterior segments are slightly stouter and more muscular and the hooks of the anterior segments have long hoods (Fig. 30) while the posterior segments have short hoods (Fig. 3P). On this basis there are 11 thoracic setigers (i.e. 4 with winged capillaries and 7 with hooded hooks). The hook-rows on both thorax and abdomen are all short and well separated although the two notopodial rows are closer together than the neuropodial rows. As far as I am aware this is the first record of this species since the original discovery in Burma. As Pillai (1961: 30) has remarked, it is close to his species Heteromustus deductus from Ceylon but the latter has only 10 thoracic setigers. Records. One specimen from a mud sample, Katbadeir, 24/9/68. Distribution. Burma. Family Sabellariidae Sabelluria chandraae de Silva, 1961 Sabelluria chandraae de Silva, 1961: 188, text fig. 12. Remarks. There are a pair of slender acicular spires at the dorsal junction of the opercular lobes, paleae in the outer row, in the middle row and the same number in the inner row. The outer paleae are rectangular and end in 7 to 9 short teeth with the central one bifid and this bifid tooth may bear a small serrated spine on a few dorsal paleae. The paleae of the middle row are alternately long, erect and end in an outwardly directed hook or short, depressed and triangular. The inner paleae are boat-shaped with the pointed ends directed towards the centre of the operculum. These specimens agree well with de Silva s description and figures. Records. Six specimens from densely aggregated sandy tubes attached to low tide rocks and associated with hydroids and zoanthids, Mirkar wada, /69. Distribution. Ceylon. Sabellaria simplex sp. nov. (Fig. 4C-G) Syntypes. BM(NH) ZB Description. The type material includes eight specimens without tubes. Seven of the specimens are partly dried and distorted and the single well-preserved specimen has been damaged and most of the outer paleae are broken. For this reason no holotype was selected. All the syntypes are small with an average length of 7 to 9 mm with 2 thoracic, 3 parathoracic and 24 abdominal segments preceding the short

20 356 J. H. DAY achaetous tail. The two opercular lobes are completely fused and there are no acicular spines at the junction. The operculum (Fig. 4C) is an oval concave disk directed forwards at a small angle to the axis of the body; it is encircled by soft triangular papillae, and is completely covered with delicate, translucent paleae. The outer series consists of about 20 paleae on each side; an individual palea has a long shaft and an approximately rectangular blade (Fig. 4D,D, D2 ) which, when undamaged, ends in a pointed apex but is often split or broken so that the end may be raggedly truncate. The middle series consists of about shoe-shaped paleae (Fig. 4E) lying flat and partly overlapping one another. The inner series consists of 8-9 overlapping paleae on each side. Each is essentially similar in shape to one of the middle series but only half the size and more rounded in outline (Fig. 4F). The mouth is surrounded by 7 rows of buccal cirri on each side, a pair of grooved palps and cushion-shaped lips. There is no median tentacle. The body provides no unusual features except that the uncini (Fig. 4G) are very small with only 5 teeth preceding the basal lobe. Remarks. All the well known species of Sabellaria have the outer row of paleae tipped with teeth and often a serrated median spine so that the simple form of the outer paleae of S. simplex is unusual and presumably primitive. Records. Eight specimens from gregarious sandy tubes densely covering rocks at Jackey Mirya and Mirkar wada, 6/6/69. Family Terebellidae Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) Lanice conchilega. Fauvel, 1927: 255, fig. 88 a-h; Day, 1967: 743, fig r. Records. One specimen from the sandy shore near Mandui Jetty, 31/1/69. Distribution. Temperate and tropical east Atlantic; Mediterranean; Indian Ocean; southern California. Loimia medusa (Savigny, 1820) Loimiu medusa. Fauvel, 1953: 416, fig. 218 a-f; Imajima & Hartman, 1964b: 339; Day, 1967: 743, fig a-e. Records. Six specimens under loose stones in muddy sand, Mirkar wada, 27/9/68, 3/1/69,6/6/69, 22/11/69. Distribution. All warm and tropical seas. Nicolea venustula (Montagu, 18 18) (Fig. 4H, I) Terebella gracilibranchis. Grube, 1878: 230, pl. 20, fig. 6. Nicolea gracilibranchis. Marenzeller, 1884: 11, pl. 2; Hessle, 1917: 173;.Fauvel, 1936: 81; Fauvel, 1953: 430, fig. 220 d; Imajima & Hartman, 1964b: 341. Nicolea venustula. Hessle, 1917: 171; Fauvel, 1927: 260, fig. 90 a-f. Nicolea venustula venustula. Day, 1967: 735, fig i-j.

21 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 357 Remarks. N. gracilibranchis, often recorded from the Indo-west Pacific, has long been regarded as distinct from the widely distributed N. venustula. This is disputed below. Both species have two pairs of branched gills with the first pair larger than the second; 3 nephridial papillae on segments 3,6, and 7 the second two much larger than the first; 17 segments with smooth-bladed notosetae; between 14 and 17 ventral pads, and uncini with two arcs of denticles above the main fang. In Grube s original description of N. gracilibranchis from the Philippine Islands, he stressed that the branchial trunks are slender and the branches are very fine; however his illustration (pl. 12, fig. 6) does not show a convincing difference from N. venustula. He does not describe or figure the uncini. Marenzeller remarks that N. gracilibranchis and N. venustula are very close and he describes and figures a lateral view of an uncinus of the former species saying that it shows two or rarely three teeth above the main fang. Hessle describes N. gracilibranchis as having richly branched gills with very fine terminal twigs but he makes no mention of the branchial trunk. He states that the uncini have 2-3 large teeth above the main fang and behind these one or a few small ones but he gives no figure. Hessle also describes N. venustula; he does not remark on any special features of the gills but describes the uncini as having 3 4 larger teeth above the main fang and some small ones behind them but again he gives no figure. It would thus appear that in both species there are two arcs of denticles above the main fang which appear as two to three teeth in lateral view. Fauvel (1953) when describing N. gracilibranchis from India and Ceylon states that the uncini are bidentate above the main fang. This error is presumably derived from Marenzeller s figure of the uncinus in lateral view. Imajima & Hartman (1 964b) go further and state that the thoracic uncini have two teeth in tandem above the main fang and that uncini in the abdomen have 3 apical teeth. These workers make no remarks about the slenderness of the gills and indeed these soft structures are liable to be affected by the method of fixation. In the four specimens from Ratnagiri, the gills appear no finer than those of N. venustula. The thoracic uncini (Fig. 4H, I) all have a closeset cap of denticles above the main fang with 2-4 larger teeth in the first arc and 1-5 smaller denticles forming an irregular second arc above and behind the first. The formula can thus be expressed as: MF: 24: 1-5. There is no significant difference between the uncini of these Indian specimens and those of N. venustula from South Africa illustrated by Day, (1967, fig h,i). In brief, N. gracilibranchis is a synonym of N. venustula. Records. Four specimens under stones covered with algae, Bhatkal wada, 15/3/69. Distribution. Cosmopolitan. Terebella yappensis Okuda, 1937 (Fig. 4J-L) Terebella ehrenbergi var. yappensis Okuda, 1937: 303, figs 48,49. Terebella ehrenbergi. de Silva, 1965: 22, fig. 9B, C (non Grube). Description. The body is tapered, up to 25 mm long for 80 segments and uniformly pale in alcohol. The tentacular lobe bears numerous tentacles and

22 3 58 J. H. DAY small, rather indistinct eye-spots. There are no lateral lobes on the first few segments. Five specimens have branchiae on segments 2, 3 and 5 and two specimens have branchiae on segments 2, 3 and 4. The first gill is larger than the others, the second gill smaller and more lateral, the third more medial and bushy. Nephridial papillae are always visible on segment 3 between the first and second branchial trunks, usually visible on segment 6 and sometimes visible on segments 4, 5, 7 and 8 as well. Notosetae are present from segment 4 to the 11th or 20th segment before the pygidium. Ventral pads are broad and well marked on 12 to 14 segments, then narrowed and indistinct on a further 4 to 10 segments. Notosetae are of two lengths in each bundle, both having very narrow wings well down on the sides of the shafts and long spinulose tips which become more obviously spiral on posterior segments. The longer form (Fig. 4L) has the whole tip finely spinulose, the basal spinules being as fine as the more distal ones. The shorter form (Fig. 4M) has a stout, slightly curved spur or boss at the commencement of the spinulose tip followed by coarse and then progressively finer spinules. Rows of uncini commence on segment 5 (setiger 2); the first few rows of uncini are in a single series but later rows, from about the 13th setiger, are in alternate series. Individual uncini (Fig. 4J,K) have two closely integrated arcs of denticles above the main fang. The first row has 1, 2, 3 or 4 (usually 3) larger teeth, and the second row 3-5 smaller teeth. Dental formula: MF: 1-4: 3-5. Remarks. Both Okuda (1937) and de Silva (1965) note that the third pair of gills is on setiger 2 (segment 5) and figure the shorter form of notosetae with a stout tooth or spur at the beginning of the spinulose tip. In T. ehrenbergi as described by Marenzeller (1884), Gravier (1906), Hessle (1917), Fauvel (1953) and Day (1967) the third pair of gills is on setiger 1 (segment 4) and the notosetae lack the basal spur. Gravier s text fig. 384 shows the shorter form of notosetae with the shaft head apparently forked and a striated membrane joining the prongs and continuous with the spiral tip; such an impression can be obtained by viewing the spirally twisted top from certain angles. Terebella gorgonae Monro (1933: 1070, fig. 18A-D) from Panama has a similar segmental arrangement of gills, Leprea inversa Willey, (1905) from Ceylon is said to have the third gill on segment 6 or 7 and Terebella hiata Treadwell has the gills on segments 2, 5 and 8. Records. Ten specimens under stones covered with algae, Bhalkal wada, 15/3/69. Distribution. Ceylon and the Caroline Islands (Pacific). Lysilla pambanensis Fauvel, 1928 Lysilla pambanensis Fauvel, 1953: 435, fig. 226 i-1. Diagnosis. Tentacular lobe large and frilly with numerous highly contractile tentacles. No branchiae. Body swollen anteriorly, long and coiled posteriorly. Midventral pads narrow; ventrolateral surface of anterior thorax papillose and glandular. Twenty segments with smooth, narrow-winged notopodial capillaries. Uncini entirely absent. Nephridial papillae below notopodia of setigers 1-3. Records. One specimen under stones covered with foraminifera, Mirkar wada, 19/11/60. Distribution. Rameswaram.

23 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 3 59 Family Sabellidae Branchiomma serratibranchis (Grube, 1878) Sabella (Dasychone) serratibranchis Grube, 1878: 262, pl. 14, fig. 7. Dasychone serratibranchis. Fauvel, 1953: 442 (non fig. 234 i). Branchiomma serratibranchis. Day, 1967: 768, fig j-1. Remarks. This species is characterized by the fact that the stylodes on the branchial radioles are small triangular serrations at intervals on the radiolar flanges. Fauvel s fig. 234 i is inaccurate for its shows the stylodes too large and too close together. Grube s fig. 7 b shows stylodes at intervals corresponding to 8 pinnules. Records. One specimen from the sandy shore of Mirkar wada, 7/4/69. Distribution. Indo-west Pacific from Natal to Japan and New Zealand. Jasmineira elegans Saint-Joseph, 1894 Jasmineira elegans. Fauvel, 1927: 330, fig. 114 k-r; IBy, 1967: 780, fig s. Jasmineira caducibranchiata Willey, 1905: 3 12, pl. 7, figs ; Fauvel, 1953: 451, fig. 238 m-n; Gallardo, 1968: 131, pl. 59, figs 1-3. Diagnosis. Body tapered, about 20mm long and colourless apart from a whitish ring encircling setiger 2. Branchial crown formed of well developed radioles bearing pinnules and a mid-ventral group of about 8 small radioles without pinnules. Large radioles with normally tapering tips and often broken at a point of weakness near the base. Collar with a shallow mid-ventral notch and fused to lower lip. Thoracic notosetae include winged capillaries and paleae. Thoracic uncini with long shafts and a crest of denticles above the rostrum. Abdominal uncini S-shaped. Pygidium often with a small caudal filament in juveniles. Remarks. I can find nothing to distinguish these Indian specimens from the widespread J. elegans and believe that J. ~adiicibran~~iata is a synonym. Records. Nine specimens from algae, Bhatkal wada, 17/3/69 and one specimen from the sandy shore at Mirkar wada, 16/1/69. Distribution. Atlantic and Indo-west Pacific. Family Serpulidae Pomatostegus stellatus (Abildgaard, 1789) Pomatostegus stellatus. Okuda, 1937: 309, figs 56-58; Fauvel, 1953: 465, fig. 248 a. Records, One specimen on rock, Bhatkar wada, 4/10/68. Distribu tion. Circumtropical. REFERENCES AUGENER, H., Polychaeta. In W. Michaelsen (Ed.) Beitruge zur Kenntnis des Meeresfuunu West-A fnkas. 2: Hamburg. BARNES,-R. D., Tube builyding and feeding in Chaetopterid polychaetes. Biol. Bull., 129(2): BENHAM. W. B., Report on the polychaeta obtained by the F. 1. S. Endeavour on the coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. Part 1. Commonweulth of Australia, Fisheries, 3(4):

24 360 J. H. DAY BHAUD, M., Evolution des populations meroplanktoniques de larves de Mesochaetopterus sagittarius (Claparkde, 1870) B Nosy-Be, Madagascar. Vie Milieu (B), 20(1B): BLAKE, J. A,, Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America, (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithson. Contr. Zoof., 75: BLAKE, J. A. & WOODWICH, K. H., New species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the coast of California. Bull. Soc. Calif Acad. Sci, 70(2): CROSSLAND. C., Polychaeta of tropical East Africa, the Red Sea and Cape Verde Islands, collected by Cyril Crossland and of the Maldive Archipelago collected by Professor Stanley Gardiner, MA., F.R.S. The Lumbriconereidae and Stauroceph$idae. Proc. ZOOZ. SOC. Lond., I 924: DAY, J. H., A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 1. Errantia, Part 2. Sedentaria, 878 pp. London: British Museum (Nat. Hist.). DAY, J. H., in press. New Polychaeta from Beaufort with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. Bull. U.S. Fish DE SILVA, P. H. D. H., Contribution to the knowledge of the polychaete fauna of Ceylon. (Part 1). Spolia zeylan., 29(2): DE SILVA, P. H. D. H., New species and records of Polychaeta from Ceylon. Proc. zool. Soe. Lond., 144(4): FAUVEL, P., Polychktes errantes. Faune Fr., 5: FAUVEL, P., Polychktes scdentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelida, Myzostomaires. Faune Fr., 16: FAUVEL, P., Annklidespolychktes du Japon. Mem. CON. Sci. Kyoto Univ. (B/, 12(1): FAWEL, P., Annelida Polychaeta. In R. B. Seymour-Sewell (Ed.), The fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya, 507 pp. Allahabad. GAIKWAD, U. D., Occurrence of Arenicola brasiliensis Nonato in Ratnagiri. Curr. Sci., 40(3): 17. GALLARDO, V. A, Polychaeta from the bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. NAGA Rep., 4(3): GRAVIER, C., Contribution i! 1 Ctude des AnnCIides polychktes de la Mer Rouge. Nouv. Archs Mus. Hist. nut. Paris (4). 2: GRAVIER, C., Contribution B I Ctude des AnnClides polychetesde la Mer Rouge. Nouu. ArchsMus. Hist. nut., Paris (4). 3: GRAVIER, C., Contribution i! l ktude des Annklides polychttes de la Mer Rouge. Now. Archs Mus. Hist. nu?., Paris (4/, 8: GRUBE, A. E., Annulata Semperiana. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Anneliden-fauna der Philippinen nach dem von Herrn Prof. Semper mitgebrachten Sammlungen. Mem. Acad. Sci. St Petersburg, 25: HESSLE, C., Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zool. Bidr. Upps., 5: IMAJIMA, M. & HARTMAN, O., 1964a. The polychaetous annelids of Japan. Part 1. Occ. Pap. Allan Hancock Fdn, 26: IMAJIMA, M. & HARTMAN, O., 1964b. The polychaetous annelids of Japan. Part 2. Occ. Pap. Afan Hancock Fdn. 26: IZUKA, A,, The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan. J. CON. Sci. imp. Uniu. Tokyo, 30(2): MARENZELLER, E. VON, Siidjapanische Anneliden. I. Denkschr. Akud. Wiss., Wien, (Math.-nu?. KI.), 41(2): MARENZELLER, E. VON, Siidjapanische Anneliden. 11. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss., Wien, (Matk-nat. KI.), 49: MONRO, C. C. A,, The Polychaeta Sedentaria collected by Dr C. Crossland at Colbn in the Panama region and the Galapagos Islands during the expedition of the S.Y. St. George. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1933(4): MONRO, C. C. A,, On a collection of Polychaeta from the coast of China. Ann. Mag. nut. Hist. (10). 13: MONRO, C. C. A,, On two new polychaetes from the Indian Ocean. Ann. Mag. nut. His?., (lo), 19: NONATO, E., Sabre duas Arenicolas da Brasileira. Contr. fnst. oceanogr., SzIo PQU~O, 3: 1-6. OKUDA, S., The polychaete genus Acrocirrus from Japanese waters. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Uniu., (6). 2: OKUDA, S., Chaetopterids from Japanese waters. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., (61, 4: OKUDA, S., Polychaetous annelids from the Palau Islands and adjacent waters, the South Sea Islands. Bull. biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 7(12): OKUDA, S. & YAMADA, M., Polychaetous annelids from Matsushima Bay. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., (6). 12: PETTIBONE, M. H., The genera Polyeunoa McIntosh, Hololepidella Willey and three new genera (Polychaeta, Polynoidae). Proc. Bid. Soc. Washington, 82: PILLAI, T. G., Annelida Polychaeta of Tambolagam Lake, Ceylon. Ceylon J. Sci. (Bio1.J. 41): 1-40.

25 POLYCHAETA COLLECTED BY U. D. GAIKWAD 361 PILLAI, T. G., Annelida Polychaeta from the Philippines and Indonesia. Ceylon J. Sci. (Ed.), 5(2): POTTS, F. A,, Polychaeta of the Indian Ocean. Pt. 2. The Palmyridae, Aphroditidae, Polynoidae, Acoetidae and Sigalionidae. Trans. Linn. SOC. Lond., 16: SOUTHERN, R., Polychaeta of Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Mem. Indian Mu$., 5: WELLS, G. P., A new lugworm from Woods Hole hitherto included in Arenicola crisrata (Polychaeta). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.. 137(1): WELLS, G. P., The warm water lugworms of the world. (Arenicolidae: Polychaeta). Proc. zool. SOC. Lond., 138(3): WESENBERG-LUND, E., Polychaetes of the Iranian Gulf. Dan. scient. Invest. Iran, 4: WILLEY, A,, Report on the Polychaeta collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon in Suppl. Rep. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fish., 4: