P O L I S H J O U R N A L OF ENTOMOLOG Y

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1 P O L I S H J O U R N A L OF ENTOMOLOG Y P O L S K I E P I S M O E N T O M O L O G I C Z N E VOL. 82: 3-11 Gdańsk 31 March 2013 DOI: /v Comments on the genus Neoclides UVAROV, 1940 with the description of a new species (Phasmatodea: Diapheromerinae: Necrosciinae) JOACHIM BRESSEEL Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautier Street 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, joachimbresseel@gmail.com ABSTRACT. A new species of Neoclides UVAROV, 1940; Neoclides heitzmanni sp. n. is described and illustrated from the adult female and egg. It is the first time that an egg of the genus is described and illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for Neoclides simyra (WESTWOOD, 1859), and Neoclides rivalis (REDTENBACHER, 1908) stat. rev. comb. n., which is hereby removed from the synonymy with Neoclides simyra (WESTWOOD, 1859). Both lectotypes are illustrated. The distribution range of the genus is extended to southern Vietnam. The record of Neoclides magistralis from Peninsular Malaysia is clearly an error and represents an undescribed species. KEY WORDS: stick insect, Phasmida, Philippines, Vietnam, Borneo, Mindanao, wings. INTRODUCTION In the present paper, a new species Neoclides heitzmanni sp. n. is described. During the work performed to compare the new specimen with other Neoclides taxa it became clear that two Bornean species had been erroneously synonymized. GÜNTHER (1932) synonymized Neocles rivalis REDTENBACHER, 1908 with WESTWOOD S (1859) Creoxylus simyra. UVAROV (1940) replaced Neocles STÅL, 1875 with Neoclides as Neocles was already being used as a generic name for Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae. In fact, Neoclides rivalis (REDTENBACHER 1908) differs from Neoclides simyra (WESTWOOD, 1859) in several aspects. For example, the body length of N. rivalis males is 40 mm versus 55 mm for males of N. simyra (REDTENBACHER, 1908). Also the wing length differs considerably between the males of the two species. The wings of N. rivalis only reach halfway along tergite V, whereas those of N. simyra extend to the apex of tergite VI (plate 2, Figs 1-5). Furthermore,

2 4 Polish Journal of Entomology 82 (1) all the material of N. rivalis was collected from Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, whereas N. simyra seems to be restricted to the Sarawak region. Lectotypes are therefore designated here for Neoclides simyra (WESTWOOD, 1859) and Neoclides rivalis (REDTENBACHER, 1908) stat. rev. comb. n. (plate 3, Figs 1-5, plate 4, Figs 2, 3). The unique female type of Necroscia hipponoe WESTWOOD, 1859 was also synonymized with N. simyra by GÜNTHER (1932), but it is not taken into consideration here as there is no direct proof that this specimen really does represent a female of N. simyra. Further material is needed to confirm this synonymy. It is finally to be noted that during a recent collecting trip to southern Vietnam, the author collected a juvenile stick-insect specimen (Vietnam, Dong Nai Biosphere Res N E, 25 VI 6 VII 2012, night collecting, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel) clearly belonging to the genus Neoclides. This largely extends the distribution range of the genus, as the only other continental record is from Peninsular Malaysia (plate 4, Fig. 4). The record of N. magistralis (REDTENBACHER, 1908) from Peninsular Malaysia by BROCK (1999) and SEOW CHOEN (2000) is clearly an error, as the Malayan specimens lack the large crest on the head that is typical of the species, but instead is armed with several spines. Acronyms RBINS: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels / Belgium, JB: private collection Joachim Bresseel, Zemst / Belgium. Acknowledgements I am grateful to Benjamin Mabanta (Bukidnon/Mindanao) for his all-round help; to Jose "Butch" Sebua (Tampakan/Philippines) and the people of SMI for their fantastic help in Mindanao. I thank Toon Vangramberen (Baal/Belgium) for his collecting efforts and Nathalie Bellemans (Zemst/Belgium) for her support, collecting efforts and taking measurements. I am grateful to Jérôme Constant (IRSBN, Brussels) for his helpful comments on the manuscript. I extend my gratitude to Ian Abercrombie (Willesborough/England) for the pictures of live Neoclides rivalis, and to Oskar Conle (Bolsterlang/Germany), Michael Ohl (ZMHB/Berlin) and Wolfram Donath (ZMHB/Berlin) for providing pictures and loaning specimens. Special thanks go to Harald Bruckner (NHMW/Vienna) for providing detailed pictures of the types of N. simyra and N. rivalis. The Vietnamese Neoclides specimen was found during a collecting trip that was supported through a grant issued by the capacity building Programme of the Belgian Global Taxonomic Initiative National Focal Point that runs with financial support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation.

3 BRESSEEL J.: Comments on the genus Neoclides with the description of a new species 5 DESCRIPTION Family: Diapheromeridae KIRBY, 1904 Subfamily: Necrosciinae BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, 1893 Tribe: Necrosciini BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, 1893 Genus: Neoclides UVAROV, 1940 Neoclides heitzmanni sp. n. Material examined Holotype female: Philippines, Mindanao, Lake Sebu, IV 2011, Leg. Bresseel- Bellemans-Vangramberen, ex coll. JB (RBINS). Paratypes (2 eggs): same data as holotype. Diagnosis Most closely related to Neoclides echinatus (REDTENBACHER, 1908), distinguishable by the central, longitudinal pronotal depression with an elevated strongly armed area on both sides that is completely lacking in N. echinatus. Furthermore, N. echinatus has differently shaped, more rounded elytra. Unfortunately the colour of the hind wings could not be examined, but it was described by REDTENBACHER as area postica infumata (i.e. with a smoky or cloudy appearance). Description Colouration described on the basis of photographs of live specimens. Female (plate 1, Figs 1-7, plate 4, Fig. 1). For measurements, see Table. Head. Longer than wide, green. Mouthparts red, eyes small, circular and projecting hemispherically. Frons with several granules, four supra-antennals present between eyes, the outer ones being larger. Occipital medials as small granules. Vertex with deep longitudinal depression not reaching halfway across head, surrounded by some smaller spines. On each side of vertex two larger spines, creating crown-like armature. Row of tubercles starting between eyes and antennae and reaching vertex. Genae tuberculose. Antennae long and filiform, scapus strongly flattened, pedicellus about as long as following antennomere. Antennomeres gradually becoming longer. Thorax. Prothorax transverse, shorter than head. Pronotum green. At about one third of pronotum a median depression. Anterior and posterior mesal pronotals present anteriorly of median depression. Anterior medial pronotals spinose, gradually becoming smaller. Interposterior pronotals only granulose. Left and right pronotals separated by longitudinal depression not reaching apex of pronotum. Ventral side of prothorax granulose. Mesothorax green, about as long as head and prothorax combined and strongly granulose. Metanotum short, covered by wings. Ventral surface densely granulose. Tegmina strongly sculptured and whitish-green and with slight hump reaching over median segment. Apex rounded.

4 6 Polish Journal of Entomology 82 (1) Plate 1. Holotype female of Neoclides heitzmanni sp. n.: 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 head and thorax, dorsal view; 3 habitus, lateral view; 4 head and thorax, lateral view; 5 apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 6 apex of abdomen, ventral view; 7 apex of abdomen, lateral view; 8 egg, dorsal view; 9 egg, ventral view; 10 egg, lateral view.

5 BRESSEEL J.: Comments on the genus Neoclides with the description of a new species 7 Plate 2. Lectotype male of Neoclides simyra (WESTWOOD, 1859): 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 head and thorax, dorsal view; 3 head and thorax, lateral view; 4 habitus, lateral view; 5 apex of abdomen, lateral view. Natural History Museum Vienna; Orthoptera Image Collection, published with permission.

6 8 Polish Journal of Entomology 82 (1) Plate 3. Lectotype male of Neoclides rivalis (REDTENBACHER, 1908) stat. rev.: 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 head and thorax, dorsal view; 3 head and thorax, lateral view; 4 habitus, lateral view; 5 apex of abdomen, lateral view. Natural History Museum Vienna; Orthoptera Image Collection, published with permission.

7 BRESSEEL J.: Comments on the genus Neoclides with the description of a new species 9 Plate 4. Live Neoclides spp.: 1 holotype female of Neoclides heitzmanni sp. n., Lake Sebu, Mindanao; 2 female of Neoclides rivalis (REDTENBACHER 1908) stat. rev., Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo; 3 mating pair of Neoclides rivalis (REDTENBACHER 1908) stat. rev., Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo; 4 unknown Neoclides nymph, Dong Nai nature reserve, southern Vietnam. Alae just failing to reach the posterior end of segment VI. Costal area green with white patches, anal area with a broad yellow area on the hind margin. Inner area of the wing chequered black and white. Abdomen. Area of median segment and abdominal segments II-VII not covered by wings coloured green. Part of tergites covered by wings blackish. Abdominal tergites VIII- X brown. Abdominal segments II-VII gradually becoming broader. Lateral edges of tergites projecting sideways over sternites. In the dried specimens these edges are curled downwards. Tergites XIII-X gradually becoming smaller. Postero-lateral edges of tergites IV-IX acute. Tergite IX with lobe-like crest posteromedially. Anal segment short, rounded and with semicircular incision apically. Cerci flattened but not broad, projecting over apex abdomen. Subgenital plate with triangular incision apically, not reaching apex anal segment.

8 10 Polish Journal of Entomology 82 (1) Legs. Femora, tibia and tarsi same colouration as the body. Profemora short, strongly laterally compressed and curved basally. Antero-dorsal carinae with a large lobe halfway along the femur. Postero-ventral carinae with three definite lamella-like lobes. Protibiae about as long as profemora with a small lobe on the postero-ventral carina basally. Probasitarsi about as long as the following three tarsomeres combined. First three tarsomeres with a small lobe postero-medially, projecting over the next tarsomere. Dorsal carinae of mesofemora with small lobe-like elevations. Medio-ventral carina armed with small spines. Metafemora with definite compound spines on the medio-ventral carina. Meso- and metatibiae unarmed. Claws prominent. Table. Measurements [mm] of Neoclides heitzmanni sp. n. Holotype female Body 67.6 Head 7.5 Pronotum 4.4 Mesonotum 10.9 Metanotum 5.4 Median segment 6.0 Profemora 11.9 Mesofemora 9.7 Metafemora 14.2 Protibiae 10.5 Mesotibiae 7.7 Metatibiae 13.1 Tegmina 8.0 Alae 38.5 Male. Unknown. Egg (plate 1, Figs 8-10). General colouration light sandy brown; laterally clear darker markings towards the ventral side. Operculum displaced to the dorsal side of the capsule with the same colouration as the capsule. Operculum almost circular and flat, less rounded towards the posterior. Operculum surrounded by a well-defined ridge. Capsule more or less rectangular, lateral sides slightly swollen, about 1.5x longer than wide. Capsule adhesive, ventral side is glued to surface of foodplant. Anterior and posterior portions of capsule flattened and darker than the rest of the capsule, slightly angled when seen laterally. This modification is probably due to the eggs being laid in rows. Complete surface very minutely granulose and slightly setose.

9 BRESSEEL J.: Comments on the genus Neoclides with the description of a new species 11 Micropylar plate relatively small, positioned under operculum, circular to oval, broadest at the centre. Posterior end with a triangular, raised and whitish micropylar cup. Median line, broad and black reaching the posterior, flattened end of capsule. Measurements (in mm). Length 2, , maximum width 2.0, maximum height Etymology This species is named after Thierry Heitzmann for his countless collecting efforts, for his knowledge of the Philippine Phasmatodea fauna and for his friendship, hospitality and support. REFERENCES BRAGG P.E Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 772 pp. BROCK P.D Stick and leaf insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysia Nature Society. Academe Art & Printing Services Sdn. Bhd., 87, fig. 53a-f. CLARK-SELLICK J.T Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology 22: GÜNTHER C Phasmoiden des Kina Balu auf Borneo, aus dem Hamburger Zoologische Museum. Wiener Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: REDTENBACHER J Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae, Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp.: , pls REHN J.A.G., REHN J.W.H [1938]. The Orthoptera of the Philippine Islands. Part I. Phasmatidae: Obriminae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 90: , pls SEOW-CHOEN F An illustrated guide to the stick and leaf insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, pp.: UVAROV B.P Twenty four new generic names in Orthoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London 11: WESTWOOD J.O Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae, pp.: Received: January 12, 2013 Accepted: January 17, 2013