KBA Profile: Upper Cauvery River. KBA Trigger Species. English Name

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1 KBA Profile: Upper Cauvery River National Site Name Upper Cauvery River English Name KBA delineation Focal area delineation Site description Management required at catchment scale Management required at focal area within catchment Catchment No, not yet - The upper Cauvery catchments freshwater biodiversity is not well known but limited surveys show huge levels of diversity (one recently described species and a number of species currently in description from just the Kooluda Pole River) and a number of threatened and restricted range species are known to occur across hill streams in the KBA. More research will likely identify centres of endemism within the KBA, and then focal areas can be identified. The Upper Cauvery KBA is mostly mountainous and mid to low level hill stream catchments of the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats extending from the Brahmagiri Hills in the south to the Bhadra Hills in the north. These hill catchments are poorly surveyed for freshwater biodiversity but based on the limited surveys they are likely to contain high levels of endemism. There is relativley little natural undisturbed forest remaiming in the hilly areas of KBA, where there is forest there is often plantations (high pesticides use) in the understorey. There are some protected areas within the KBA that do contain good forest, including parts of Talakaveri, Pushpagiri and Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Nagarahole National Park. On the very eastern side of the KBA is the begining of the Deccan Plateau where urban areas increase in density. No KBA Trigger Species Group Species Criterion1 Criterion2 Criterion3 Notes Fishes Labeo potail EN NA NA Fishes Puntius arulius EN NA NA Fishes Puntius cauveriensis EN NA NA

2 Molluscs Paracrostoma tigrinus NA NA Odonata Elattoneura tetrica NA NA Plants Anaphalis wightiana VU NA NA Plants Dimeria hohenackeri EN NA NA Crabs Oziothelphusa wagrakarowensis VU NA Fishes Hypselobarbus curmuca EN NA NA Fishes Nemacheilus petrubanarescui EN NA Odonata Euphaea dispar NA NA Odonata Idionyx galeata EN NA Odonata Idionyx nadganiensis NA NA Fishes Barbodes wynaadensis CR NA Fishes Salmophasia horai VU NA Odonata Burmagomphus laidlawi NA NA Odonata Chlorogomphus campioni NA NA Odonata Disparoneura apicalis VU NA Odonata Elattoneura souteri NA NA Odonata Epithemis mariae NA NA Odonata Esme longistyla NA NA Odonata Gomphidia fletcheri NA NA Odonata Idionyx saffronata NA NA Odonata Indolestes pulcherrimus NA NA Odonata Lestes dorothea NA NA Odonata Macrogomphus wynaadicus NA NA

3 Odonata Macromia bellicosa NA NA Odonata Macromia cingulata NA NA Odonata Macromia ellisoni NA NA Odonata Macromia flavocolorata NA NA Odonata Macromia ida NA NA Odonata Macromia indica NA NA Odonata Macromia irata NA NA Odonata Macromidia donaldi NA NA Odonata Megalogomphus hannyngtoni NA NA Odonata Merogomphus longistigma NA NA Odonata Onychogomphus acinaces NA NA Odonata Onychogomphus nilgiriensis NA NA Odonata Phylloneura westermanni NA NA Odonata Platysticta deccanensis VU NA Odonata Protosticta hearseyi NA NA Odonata Protosticta sanguinostigma VU NA Fishes Nemacheilus kodaguensis VU NA Odonata Melanoneura bilineata NA NA Odonata Microgomphus souteri NA NA Odonata Burmagomphus cauvericus NA NA Crabs Vela pulvinata NA NA Odonata Caconeura gomphoides NA NA Odonata Idionyx corona NA NA

4 Fishes Balitora mysorensis VU NA NA Fishes Hypselobarbus micropogon EN NA NA Fishes Hemibagrus punctatus CR NA NA Protected Areas Overlap with KBA Name Designation Desig. Type Status PA Management Focus Nagarahole National Park National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management Arabithittu Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management Western Ghats World Heritage Site International Inscribed No freshwater biodiversity management Talakaveri Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management Pushpagiri Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management Potential KBA Stakeholders* Coorg Wildlife Society Karnataka Forest Department Wildife Conservation Society Zoo Outreach Organisation Jungle Lodges (company set up by Forest Department) Karnataka State Biodiveristy Board Forestry College, Ponnampet Nityata Foundation ATREE

5 National Centre for Biological Sciences Wildlife Association of South India Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station KBA Freshwater Habitats 5.1 Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks(includes waterfalls) 5.2 Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks 5.4 Bogs Marshes Swamps Fens Peatlands[generally over 8ha] 5.6 Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes(over 8ha) 5.7 Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools(under 8ha) 15.1 Water Storage Areas(over 8ha) Small, medium and large dams and weirs Threats to KBA Threats (IUCN Classification Scheme) Notes 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops coffee, cardamom and pepper (some tea) 2.2 Wood & pulp plantations Eucalyptus 3.2 Mining & quarrying Granite and sand 7.2 Dams & water management/use 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Tilapia 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents Pesticides

6 Conservation actions for KBA Conservation actions (IUCN Classification Scheme) In place Needed Notes 1.1 Site/area protection Some areas are within Wildife Sanctuaries and National Parks. Also the Karnataka State Biodiveristy Board have worked with local communities to identify Temple Sanctuaries and Community Conservation Areas for fish, 19 have been identifed (with 9 notified) across Karnataka and some are in the KBA. More research is needed to identify the focal areas within this KBA 2.1 Site/area management Catchment management (agricultural pollution) in particular for mountain and hill stream catchments 2.3 Habitat & natural process restoration Large areas of marshes have been converted to rice paddies 4.1 Formal education Forest Department, Plantations (owners & workers), Tourism resorts & homestays 4.2 Training Forest Department, Plantations (owners & workers), Tourism resorts & homestays 4.3 Awareness & communications All stakeholders 5.1 Legislation Pesticide use in plantations, and conversion of native canopy with coffee and cardamom plantations (in the understorey) into purely exoctic canopy or ginger plantations, 5.2 Policies and regulations 5.3 Private sector standards & codes 5.4 Compliance and enforcement Pesticide use in plantations, and conversion of native canopy with coffee and cardamom plantations (in the understorey) into purely exoctic canopy or ginger plantations, Pesticide use in plantations, and conversion of native canopy with coffee and cardamom plantations (in the understorey) into purely exoctic canopy or ginger plantations, Implementation of Wetland (Conservation and Management) Act 2010 & Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974.

7 Food Security Used for food security Score Notes 1. Subsistence Optional/alternative 1 Essential staple 2 Emergency 0 2. Commercial Local 2 Regional 2 National 0 3.Migrant fishers 0 Notes Mostly fish Other Other biodiversity A newly described fish species (Dario urops) is endemic to the KBA (Kooruda Pole river) and there are likely to be a number of other new species of fishes from the same river which are currently being described (R. Raghavan Pers. Comm. 2014). There are six species of frogs endemic to KBA (Micrixalus kottigeharensis, Raorchestes charius, Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus, Ichthyophis kodaguensis, Zakerana mudigere, Euphylictus mudigere). Protected areas overview 1. Ali, A., Dahanukar, N., Kanagavel, A., Philip, S. and Raghavan, R Records of the endemic and threatened catfish, Hemibagrus punctatus from the southern Western Ghats with notes on its distribution, ecology and conservation status. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(11): Biju, S.D., Bocxlaer, I.V., Mahony, S., Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnan, C., Zachariah, A., Giri, V. and Bossuyt, F A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species. Zootaxa 3029: Biju, S.D. and Bossuyt, F Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species. Zoological Journal of the

8 References Acknowledgments Linnean Society 155: Biju, S.D., Inger, R., Bhatta, G., Vyas, R. and Ravichandran, M.S Micrixalus kottigeharensis. In: IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version Downloaded on 08 March Hora, S.L Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. XXVIII. On three collections of fish from Mysore and Coorg, South India. Records of the Indian Museum, 39(1), Kuramoto, M., Joshy, S.H., Kurabayashi, A. and Sumida, M The genus Fejervarya (Anura: Ranidae) in central Western Ghats, India with descriptions of four new cryptic species. Current Herpetology 26(2): Silas, E.G On a new cyprinid fish from Coorg, South India. Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 3 (no. 1): Wilkinson, M., Gower, D.J., Govindappa, V. and Venkatachalaiah, G A new species of Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Karnataka, India.Herpetologica 63: Dahanukar, N., Jayachandran, K.V., Irudayaraj, V., Iyer, P., Katwate, U., Krutha, S.K., Molur, S., Pati, S.K., Pragatheesh, A. Raghavan, R., Rehel, S.M., Sivaramakrishnan, K.G. and Subbramanian, K.A. * Potential KBA stakeholders have not been contacted in any official capacity nor have they endorsed the KBA they are a list of potential stakeholders to inform any organisation or individual who may want to undertake conservation activities on freshwater biodiversity in this KBA