王学昉 4 1, 2, 3, , 官文江 4, 田思泉 4 1, 2, 3, 4 , 许柳雄 4 1, 2, 3, , 朱江峰. (Fish Aggregation Devices, FADs), 3 : (1) , ; (2) ; (3),

Transcription

1 , 22(6): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 综述 DOI: /SP.J , 2, 3, 王学昉 4 1, 2, 3,, 许柳雄 4 1, 2, 3,, 戴小杰 4, 周成 1 1, 2, 3,, 官文江 4, 1, 2, 3, 田思泉 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 朱江峰 1., ; 2., ; 3., ; 4., 摘要 : (Fish Aggregation Devices, FADs),, :, ;, 30, : ; ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S972.3 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) ,, [1] [2 3] [4],,, [5 6], (Fish Aggregation Devices, FADs), [2 3],, [3, 7], 3 : (1) (Thunnus obesus) (Thunnus albacores), ; (2), ; (3), 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (SS2012AA092302); ( ); (A ); (A ). 作者简介 : 昉 (1983 ),,,,. xfwang@shou.edu.cn 通信作者 :,,. lxxu@shou.edu.cn

2 , [3],, [8],, 30,, 1 [6],, ( 1A); ( ), ( 1B) [1, 6] [1, 6] 1 (A) (B) Fig. 1 The structure of drifting fish aggregation devices (A) and the structure of anchored fish aggregation devices (B) 1.1 [3], (Katsuwonus pelamis), (free swimming school) [3],,, [9 10],, ( ) ( ) [11],, [4],, ;, [12], ( ), [12] 1.2,, Dagorn [2],,,

3 6 昉 : 1291,,, Ménard [13], 85%, 25%; Jaquemet [14], 52%, ; Hallier [15] ; [16 17],, Hallier [15] :, ;,,, [15],, Schaefer [18],, Maldeniya [19] Young [20],, Buckley [21] Marsac [22],,, Schaefer [23],, Mitsunaga [24],,, : ;,, [23], 1.3,,, Marsac [9], ; Hallier [15],, Marsac [9] Hallier [15],,, : Robert [25] 3,, Robert [25],,,,

4 , Robert [25], 1.4, :, Marsac [9] kg kg, 25%; 60 cm kg 2.0 kg, 15% Marsac [9], Hallier [15] ( ), cm/d, cm/d, 1.5, [27], [26 29] : Bromhead [3] 90 d,,,, ; Hallier [15],,, Stehfest [30],,,, Stehfest [30],, Dagorn [31] ;, Schaefer [32] 96,,,, Wang [33], (ENSO),,, ENSO ENSO :,,, 1.6 [4], Ménard [34], Delmendo [35] 70%,,

5 6 昉 : 1293 Marsac [9] Hallier [36], 1.7, Marsac [9] 2000, [37 39] ( ) [40 41] Marsac [9], 3 : (1) ; (2) ( ); (3) [9],,, [2, 15], Robertson [41] [42],,, [43] ;, (Carcharhinidae) (Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae) (Dasyatidae, Mylionatidae) (Cheloniidae) [2, 44],,, [2],, ( ),, 2.8~6.7 [2, 45],,, [2, 45] 2.1 :, (Euthynnus affinis) (E. alleteratus) (Auxis thazard) (A. rochei), 11%~76%;, 55,, (Canthidermis maculates) 鰤 (Elagatis bipinnulata) 鲯 (Coryphaena hippurus) (Acanthocybium solandri), 19%~79% [2, 43 44], 81%~95%, [2, 46], [45] 2.2 : (Carcharhinus falciformis) (C. longimanus), 90% [47], 0.3 t/ 1000 t 6.0 t/1000 t, 0.3 t/ 1000 t 1.8 t/1000 t [2],, [48] (Manta birostris) (Mobula japonica) 魟

6 (Dasyatis violacea) [46], 2%~17% [2], 2%~5%, [2] (Makaira mazara) (Makaira indica) (Tetrapturus audax) [46], [2, 46], [43] 2.3 5~ 200, 95%, 10 4 ~10 5 [48], ( 1A),, [49] 3,, [3] [8] 3.1 [3, 50],, 1998, (ICCAT) [51] 2005, 1 [52] 2009, [53] ; , (The Parties to the Nauru Agreement, PNA) 1 [54],,,, ( ) [51] [55] [56],,,, 3 : (1),,, (WCPFC) [55] (2),, (3),,, 3.2, 4%~5% [57], (7.5% ) [58],, 10 4 t [57], [1]

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10 Review of the ecological impact of fish aggregation devices on tuna fisheries WANG Xuefang 1, 2, 3, 4, XU Liuxiong 1, 2, 3, 4, DAI Xiaojie 1, 2, 3, 4, ZHOU Cheng 1, GUAN Wenjiang 1, 2, 3, 4, TIAN Siquan 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4, ZHU Jiangfeng 1. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai , China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai , China; 3. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai , China; 4. Collaborative Innovation Center for National Distant-Water Fisheries, Shanghai , China Abstract: Fish aggregating devices (FADs) are anchored and drifting objects deployed in the ocean to gather tropical tuna and other pelagic fish species. These devices support thousands of fishing vessels worldwide. These floating objects increase catch and catchability of tunas, but large-scale use of FADs raises the possibility of a potential negative effect on tuna stocks and the pelagic ecosystem: (1) possible deleterious alterations in the normal life history of tunas associated with FADs, i.e., schooling, feeding, fitness, growth, migration, natural mortality, etc., which would result in loss of genetic quality; (2) other ecological effects associated with FAD fishing that perturb the balance in the pelagic ecosystem by increasing by-catch of non-target species, such as miscellaneous bony fish, sharks, rays, and sea turtles. However, the ecological impact of FADs assessed in different areas using several different approaches is controversial. This review summarizes studies on the ecological impact of FADs over the past 30 years, introduces the latest developments by domestic fisheries scientists and industry, and discusses directions for future research. We aimed to provide a better understanding for future studies and potential FAD management options. Key words: tropical tunas; drifting fish aggregation devices; anchored fish aggregation devices; by-catch; ecological impact; CPUE; catchability Corresponding author: XU Liuxiong. lxxu@shou.edu.cn