Abundance of sardine fish species in Bangladesh

Transcription

1 Basic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Review ISSN Vol. 2(5) pp June 2013 Available online http// Copyright 2013 Basic Research Journal Full Length Research Paper Abundance of sardine fish species in Bangladesh *Roy Bikram Jit, Nripendra Kumar Singha, S.M. Hasan Ali,Md. Gaziur Rhaman, Md. Fokhrul Alam Scientific Officer, Marine Fisheries Survey Management Unit, Agrabad, Chittagong, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author Tel , Accepted 24 May, 2013 The study was conducted during January, 20 to December 20 in the sardine fisheries which is occurred both in artisanal and industrial fishing sector in the marine water of the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh region. During this study period the total landing amounts by weight of sardines were MT, among these 23.76% ( MT) was exploited by the artisanal mechanized boats and 76.24% ( MT) captured through different industrial fishing trawlers and contributed 17.51% of the total marine fish production by commercial fish trawlers during the study period. 4 sardine species have been recorded from our marine territory. Among them, 2 sardine species are highly abundant, Sardinella fimbriata total production volumes was MT (74.74%) contributed MT (31.79%) from the artisanal and MT (68.21%) from the industrial sector and Dussumieria acuta production amounts was MT (25.26% ) contributed only from the industrial fishing sector.species wise contribution shows that S. fimbriata contributed 100% in the artisanal sector and in the industrial fishing S. fimbriata contributed 66.87% and D. acuta contributed the rest 33.13%. The distribution of the S. fimbriata is within meters depth and abundance was observed in the southern part of the South patches and South of south patches (N: // -22, E: / -07 to N: / -25, E: / -56) and 10-50m depth in onshore and off shore areas in the north-west to north-east of Middle ground (Kohinoor point -N: /.23, E: /.43 to N: /.18, E /.57). The distribution of the D. acuta is within m. depth and abundance was observed in the north-west to north-east of Middle ground areas (Kohinoor point - N: /.23, E: /.43 to N: /.18, E /.57) and south-west to southeast of Middle ground (Kohinoor point - N: /.29, E: /.21 to N: /.56, E: /.22) in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh region. The peak capture season of S. fimbriata is the rainy season in the artisanal fishing and in trawl fishing; the peak capture season observed in S. fimbriata are the ends of late autumn and to begin of winter season. The peak harvesting season of sardine species, D. acuta is the winter season. Highest catch was observed at night, in full moon and new moon period. Keywards: Total landing, Middle ground, South Patches, South of south Patches, Kohinoor point, Artisanal and Industrial fishing. INTRODUCTION In Bangladesh fisheries sector has an important and potential contribution in the agro-based economic development, poverty elevation, employment, supply of animal protein and earning foreign currency. In the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh region 137 numbers of different fish trawlers and mechanized and nonmechanized boats are engaged in artisanal and industrial fishing. There are 475 fish species and 36 shrimp species are available in our marine territory. Among the pelagic resources the clupeids comprise a major group. Among the clupeids, sardine is one of them which captured in artisanal and industrial fishing. During total sardines fish production volume was MT which contributed 3.49%, of the total annual marine fish production (0.58 million metric tone) in Bangladesh. In artisanal fishing, total sardine fish production contribution was 44.99%, ( MT) and in industrial fishing sector 55.01% ( MT). In artisanal fishing 86.13% landing of sardines are taken by gill net and the rest % from others net also (DOF, ). Latin and Greek, Sarda means sardines; are named after the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, around which they were once abundant (Internet, 20 ). Still now 04 (four) species of sardine have been reported from the

2 Bikram et al. 1 Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh region and they are; Fringescale sardine- Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes,1847), Rainbow sardine -Dussumieria acuta (Valenciennes,1847), Gold stripe-sardine- Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) and Black stripe sardine- Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829).Generally two sardine species Sardinella fimbriata and Dussumieria acuta are abundantly available in our marine territory, which are commercially important. Sardines are several types of small, silver in color and oily fish; it s shorter in length than 6 inches (15 cm), their maximum length is 20.0 cm. As a single fishery they are exploiting from depth range meters, but sometimes found in 90 m depth zone. In Bangladesh the most important gear for capture commercially the sardine species S. fimbriata as target in on shore areas at Rog jal (30mm mesh sizes monofilament gill net) and as by catch in Beach seines, Bata jal (20 mm. mesh gill net), incidental catches of set bag nets and fishing trawl in industrial fishing also. D. acuta are harvesting as by catch only in all fish trawl but, maximum harvest in mid water fish trawl. Locally S. fimbriata is called as Sagar Chapila or Takia or Phansha and D. acuta is as Colombo machh or Khaira or Khoira. The world annual catch of forage fish (e.g. Sardine) is recent (20) year has been around 22 million tones, or one quarter of the world s total catch. World capture production of marine fish was 66 million tons (Internet, 20). Pelagic fish Herrings, Sardines and Anchovies were million tons during 2005 (FAO, 2005). There is no specific work on the sardine fishery in Bangladesh. So this study was initiated to find the availability of sardine species, to estimate total landing of sardines, percentage composition and their seasonal abundance in the Bay of Bengal in 20. MATERIALS AND METHODS The six landing centers are Shah parir dip, Teknaf sadar, Shamlapur, Moheskhali, BFDC fish harbour, Cox s Bazar and Fishery ghat in Chittagong district have been selected as sampling station to collect data and related information of sardine fishery in order to cover most of the landing, retail and whole sale marketing process by artisanal fishing and industrial fishing from the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh region. The sampling design was so fixed that it can cover maximum and minimum landing to have an average landing in a lunar month that is in the new moon, full moon periods, before and after three days from the new moon and full moon; Sampling was carried out through the year by the officials of the Marine Fisheries Survey Management Unit, Chittagong and Cox s bazzar. The study was based on total landing in the artisanal fishing sector and information have been collected through a sample survey among sardine fish aratders (depot owners/ assemblers) and sardine exploiter using structured questionnaire. In commercial fishing landing data have been collected from daily fishing log from the trawlers and tally counter sheet of sail proceeds which was supplied by the Marine Fisheries Office, Chittagong. The abundance of sardines was located by using GPS while on board in fishing trawlers and through interview of the Skipper of the fishing vessel. Collected data were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. RESULT During the study period January to December, total Metric Ton (MT) of sardines was landed, among these MT (23.76%) from the artisanal fishing sector and MT (76.24%) from the industrial fishing sector and the two sardine species were identified as a contributor, they are Sardinella fimbriata and Dussumieria. acuta and contributed MT (74.74%) and MT (25.26%) respectively. Artisanal fishing In artisanal fishing only one species of sardine i.e. S. fimbriata was recorded which abundantly available and exploited in the coastal areas. During January to December, total landing volumes of sardines was MT recorded from the selected six landing centers. Sardines have been exploited only from March to December. There was no fishing observed in the month of January and February in artisanal fisheries during the study period (Figure 1). Landing center wise total landing In Shaparir dwep fish landing center, total landing volumes of sardines was MT which landed during the study period. The highest catch was recorded MT in the month of July, and the lowest landing in the month of November, was 3.44 MT (Figure 1). At Teknaf sadar fish landing center, MT of sardine was recorded during the study period. The maximum and minimum catch was MT and 0.26 MT in the month of July and November, respectively (Figure 1). At Shamlapur fish landing center, total MT of sardine was landed. During July, 20 the highest landing was recorded MT and minimum landing was recorded 0.16 MT in the month December, (Figure 1). At BFDC, Cox s Bazar fish harbour, landed sardine was recorded MT. Maximum and lowest landing of sardine was 0.16 MT and 0.54 MT in the month of July and November, respectively (Figure 1). In Moheskhali fish landing center, total MT of

3 113. Basic Res. J. Agric. Sci. Rev. Figuer 1. Ghatwise Total landing (MT) in Artisanal Fisheries during January-December 20 Sardinella fimbriata Dussumieria acuta Sardinella melanura Sardinella gibbosa sardine was recorded. The highest catch was MT in the month of July, and lowest was 0.23 MT in the month of December, (Figure 1). At the Fishery ghat, Chittagong fish landing center, total MT of landed sardine was recorded. The maximum and minimum sardine was MT and 1.15MT in the month of July and November, respectively (Figure 1). Trawl fishing In industrial fishing two species of sardine i.e. S. fimbriata and D. acuta recorded, which were harvested from the off-shore areas by the 137 numbers of fishing trawler during January to December and a total MT of sardine was captured within the 7255 active fishing days. Among the two sardine species S. fimbriata contributed MT (66.87 %) and MT (33.13%) by the D. acuta. These two species were captured from January to May and August to December,. There was no fishing in June and July; this was happened due to rough sea condition according to the collected information from the skipper of the trawlers (Figure 2). Month wise total landing In the month wise landing total MT of sardine species was harvested in the month of January, followed by February, March, April, May, August,

4 Bikram et al. 114 MT J an- Feb- Mar- A pr- May- J un- J ul- A ug- S ep- Oc t- Nov- Dec - S. fimbriata D. ac uta Figure 2. Specieswise total landing (MT) of Sardine in indutrial fisheries September, October, November and December, period were MT, MT, MT, MT, MT, MT, MT, MT and MT respectively (Figure 2). Abundance of sardine species Sardines are captured mainly at night in full moon, new moon period and a few days before & after full moon, new moon period. S. fimbriata are exploits in the southern part of the South patches and South of south patches (N: / -22, E: / -07 to N: / -25, E: / -56) and north-west to north-east of Middle ground areas (Kohinoor point -N: /.23, E: /.43 to N: /.18, E /.57) and D. acuta was harvested within the north-west to north-east of Middle ground areas (Kohinoor point - N: /.23, E: /.43 to N: /.18, E /.57) and south-west to south-east of Middle ground areas (Kohinoor point - N: /.29, E: /.21 to N: /.56, E: /.22) in the Bay of Bengal. Three peak exploiting seasons of sardine species, S. fimbriata are in rainy season (June to August), late autumn (October to November) and in spring (March to April), but major peak capture season is the rainy season in artisanal fishing and in industrial fishing sector two peak capture seasons observed in S. fimbriata which are the end of late autumn to begin of winter season (November to December) and in spring (late February to first April), but main peak capture seasons is the late autumn to first winter season. And the peak season of capture of D. acuta was found in winter season (December to February) and its availability gradually decreases with the summer (April to May) but hardly found in rainy season (June to August). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The schools of sardines are diverted as they swim along the coast. The fish are caught mainly at night; when they approach the surface to feed on plankton. They follow vertical migrations of zoo-plankton; they feed on to the bottom during daytime and to the surface at night time (Internet, 20). Maximum sardines are exploited mainly at night in new moon and full moon period from the district of Cox s Bazar coast in artisanal fishing and in the Middle ground areas at industrial fishing. These two species of sardines (Sardinella fimbriata and Dussumieria acuta) are exploiting commercially from the Bay of Bengal. Distribution of sardines by depth strata is that it occurs abundantly in m. depth zone and mostly in m. Lamboeuf, (1987) Fishery Biologist (R.V. Anusandhani) trawling survey results, September, June, 1986 found 43.7% sardine in m. depth zone and 45.5% in m. depth zone in the Bay of Bengal. The abundance of the sardine in the North Sea suddenly increased after Since 2002, the sardine has been spawning regularly in the German Bight and all its life stages can be found in the area (Voss, 2009). Two species of sardines namely, Sardinella fimbriata(val) and Sardinella gibbosa(blkr)contribute to the sardine fishery at Lawson s Bay, Waltair, extending over a period of 9-10 months (October to June or July) and the fishery is mainly supported by the juveniles of the two species S. fimbriata being more abundant (Dharmamba, 1961). The abundance of the sardines in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh region suddenly increased during 2011 which is related to the Voss, 2009 report in the North Sea areas and the more abundant of sardine species S. fimbriata in the Bay of Bengal like as report on Dharmamba, Maximum sardines are exploits at night and their distribution in the m. depth zone in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh which are related to the report on Lamboeuf, Sardines are exploiting more or less round the year from the near shore to off shore areas in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh region. The sardine species S. fimbriata are abundantly available in the southern part of the South patches to South of south patches areas and

5 115. Basic Res. J. Agric. Sci. Rev. generally catch in the m. depth zone in artisanal fishing sector. The major peak times is June to August, fewer peak in March to April and less in October to November. In industrial fishing S. fimbriata are harvest by fish trawl in 10-50m depth zone in the west coast to east coast of Middle ground areas; main peak capture period are November to December and second peak period is late February to first April and maximum are exploiting at night of full moon and new moon period. Major another species D. acuta (Colombo mach) generally found within the m. depth areas and they are available in the north-west to north-east of Middle ground areas and south-west to south-east of Middle ground areas and maximum are harvested during from December to April. But, main peak during the month of January to February and capture only in industrial fish trawlers, mainly mid water trawlers. The average landing size of S. fimbriata was cm and average landing weight was gm; in D. acuta average size and weight were cm and gm respectively, which were recorded in our marine territory. The discussion here attempts to bring out precisely the present status of our knowledge on the sardine. Its fishery, biology, stock and identify areas which require further investigation for the optimum exploitation and management of the resource. REFERENCES Alone, Internet (20). Fish Base, Release date: January, 20, Available at: Dharmamba MM (1961). Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, on the Juveniles on Sardinella fimbriata (VAL) and Sardinella gibbosa (BLKR); Indian journal of Fisheries. DOF, ( ). Fisheries Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, Department of Fisheries, Matshya Bhaban, Dhaka. Domanevsky and Barkova (1976). Report of the ad hoc working group on sardine (Sardine Pilchardus Walb.). Biology of the sardine, FAO (2005). Fish stat online data base. Global capture production. Available at: http//www:fao.org/fishery/ststistics/global-captureproduction. Lamboeuf M (1987). Bangladesh Demersal Fish Resources of the continental shelf, R/V. Ansandhani servey results, September, June, Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Mustafa MG (2000). Demersal Fish Assemblage of the Bay of Bengal Bangladesh. Sustainable Management of coastal fish stock in Asia, (ADB-RETA, 5766 Project). Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Cox s Bazar, Bangladesh. Voss R, Dickmann M, Schmidt JO (2009). Feeding ecology of spart (Sprattus sprattusl) and sardine (Sardine pilchardus) lervae in German Bright, North Sea. sustainable Fishery, Department of Economics, university of Kiel, Wilhilm- Seeling plat 31, D-24118, Kill, Germany.