664 Index. E Early life history, 148 Ebro, 137 Echography, 373 Effective population size, 456, 522

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1 Index A Accidental catches, 489, 490, 493, 495 Acipenser, 604 A. baerii, 138 A. gueldenstaedtii, 596 A. naccarii, 23 48, 94, 131 A. stellatus, 596 A. sturio, 23 48, 81, 91, 94, , 131, 177, 221, 225, , 277, 343, 349, 358, 540, 561, 593 A. oxyrinchus, 23 48, 88, 91, 94, , 221, 277, 349, 541, 561, , 596 Action Plan, 254, 479, 480, 484, 485, Action Plan for the Danube sturgeons, 483 Bern Convention Action Plan, 485 European Action Plan, 480, 484, 485 European-wide Action Plan, 482 French Action Plan, 485 National Action Plan, 485 Activity, 587 Adriatic Sea, 120 Age assessment, 343 Aisne River, 106 Alizarine RedS, 359 Allee effect, 456 Allometry, 56 Ampullary electroreceptors, Anatomy of sturgeons, 26 Ancient captures, Ancient DNA, 117 Ancientness of sturgeons in France, Ancient populations, 561 Ancient sturgeon DNA, 564 Ancient sturgeon populations, Ancient times, 135 Ancylus Lake, 222 Androgenesis, 628 Androgens, 370 Archaeo-ichtyological methods, 27 Archaeological bones, 119 Archaeological data, Archaeozoological data, 92 Archaeozoological discriminations, 47 Archaeozoological methods, 94 Archaeozoological record, 132 Archaeozoological remains, Artemia salina nauplii, 395, 449 Artificial reproduction, 500 Artificial spawn, 249 Atlantic coast, 43 Atlantic Ocean, 101, 102, 120 Atlantic sturgeon, 517, 527. See also Acipenser, oxyrinchus Authorities, 478, 482 French, 477 French national, 478, , 485 governmental, 486 local, 478, 486 management, 478 public, 478, 481, 484 Awareness, 477, 478, 480, 483, B Baltic Sea, 120, , 540 Bay of Biscay, 178 Beam trawl, 408 Behaviour, sturgeon, 506, , 639 Bern Convention, 479, 482, 484 Action Plan, 485 Biogeography, 118 Biological cycle, 147 Biological introduction, P. Williot et al. (eds.), Biology and Conservation of the European Sturgeon Acipenser sturio L. 1758, DOI / , # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

2 664 Index Biological variability, Biometry, Biopsy, 373 Black Sea, 120 Bone remains, 97 Bonn Convention, 483 Bony sturgeon remains, 94 Borescope, 374 Brackish water, 427 Branchial cavity, 55 Bronze Age, 132 Brood fish, Brood stock, 317, 499, 545, 568, 635 building, 398, development, 540 By-catches, , 490, 493, , 550 C Calcium, 372 Captures, 187 of juvenile, 288 at sea, 335 Carlin tag, 350 Carp pituitary, 391 Catching methods, Catch per unit of effort (CPUE), 533 Caviar cooked, 236 craze, 519 manufacturing, processing, 272 production, 187 Changing environments, 641 Channel North Sea, 91, Characteristics of nursery grounds, 159 areas with high densities of sturgeon s favourite preys (tube dwelling polychaetes), 161 depth, 160 sediment nature and distribution, 159 Chironomids, 395 Chromosome number, 13, 16, 18 Climate change, Closed areas, 210 Closed seasons, 210 Co-feeding, 449 Colonization, 541 Colonization of northern Europe, 126 Communication campaign, 489, 492 messages, 489, 493, 497 strategy, 491 tools, 337, 489, 491, 497 Compensatory growth, 501 Compound diet, 396, 449 Conservation public policies, 481, 482 Conservation status, 251 Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), 483, 484 Cooperation, programme, 304 CPUE. See Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) Critically endangered species, 251 Cryobanks, 621 Cryoconservation, 457 Cryopreservation, 465 of cultured cells, 625 of fin pieces, 626 Cryoprotectants, 466 Cultured brood fish, Cytochrome b, 15 Cytogenetic, 15, 18, 19 D Damming, 238, 294 Danube, 87 River, 245 Decline, 202, 204, 206, , 288 of the Adriatic population, 237 Dentary, 26, 28, 29 Dermal scutes, 26, 30, 32 Diagnostic characteristics, 63 Digestive tract, 506 Dispase II, 625 Dissortative mating, 457 Distinct population segments (DPS), 523 Distribution, 81 88, 593 DNA ancient, 142 mitochondrial, 139 nuclear, 139 Dordogne River, 189 Dorsal scutes, 27, 32, 234 Downstream migration, 588 Drawa River, 576, 577, 580 Drwęca River, 573, 574, 576, 577, 579, 580 E Early life history, 148 Ebro, 137 Echography, 373 Effective population size, 456, 522

3 Index 665 Effort, 202, , 209 Eider, 196, 197, 201, , 213 Elbe, 87, 196, 197, Electrofishing, Embryo, 67 Embryogenesis, 383 Endangered species, 524 Endoscope, 374 Enforcement of law, 293 Environmental factors, Estrogeneno-mimetic molecules, 374 Estrogens, 370 Estuary, 149 Europe, 81 European Action Plan, 480, 484, 485 European sturgeon, , 247, 249, See also Acipenser, sturio European-wide Action Plan, 482 European-wide working group, 486 Exotic fish, 239 Experimental releases, Ex-situ, measures, , 312, 320 Extinction risk, 604 Extinction vortex, 302 Extirpation, 209, 216 F Fatty acids, 451 Feeding, 586 Feeding behaviour, 158 small isopods, 158 tube dwelling polychaetes, 158 Female, 188 Fingerling, 637 Fisheries, , 204, 215, 216, 549 Fishermen, 554 population, 177 Fishery, 527 Management Plan (FMP), 521 regulation, Fishing fleet, pressure, 544 sector, 491 stakeholders, 484 technique, 177 Flesh and caviar, 271 Fontanelle, 53, 60, 62 Founder effect, 456 French Action Plan, 485 French authorities, 477 French national authorities, 478, Freshwater, 148, 426 Fulcra, 61 G Gametogenesis, Garonne River, 188 Gdańsk, Gear restrictions, 209 Gene flow, 126 Genetic, 427 clades, 120 distance, 459 diversity, 117 diversity hotspot, 126 diversity loss, 126 sex determination, 505 variability, , 637 Genome evolution, 18, 19 Genomics, 640 Geographical distribution, 287 Georgian sturgeon conservation, 249 Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), 441, 504 Gill rakers, 55, 60 Gironde, 87, 596, 604 estuary, 178 River, 244 Gironde Garonne Dordogne basin, 96, 101 Governmental authorities, 486 Gravel extraction, 506 Growth, 149, 399, 453 Growth rate of Atlantic sturgeon in Baltic Sea, 580 Guadalquivir, 87, 136 Gulf sturgeon, 517 H Habitat, 149, , 547, 586 identification, 155 aggregation areas, 155 direction of the tidal current, 156 salinity gradient, 155 loss, 543 Habitats Directive, 481 Hallprint loop tag, 354 Harvest, 607 Hatchery facility, 384 Hatchery-stocking process, 636 Head length, 55 Hermaphroditism, 505

4 666 Index Historical overview, 178, Holoblastic cleavage, 630 Homing fidelity, 519 Hormone, 427 Huso huso, 596 I Iberian Peninsula, 131 Iconography, Inbreeding, 455 Index fishermen, 530 Individual variation, 58 Information network, , 497 Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, 574, 576 In situ measures, 297 International conventions, 251 International cooperation, 554 International Sturgeon Conservation Society, 507 Interspecific nuclear transfer, 628 Inventory, 91, 92, 103, 107, 108 In vitro maturation competence (IVMC), 385, 441 Iron, 451 Age, 132 Italy, 227 J Juveniles, 53, 63, 69, 149, , 183 K Karyotype, 13, 16, 18 Keratan, 450 L Ladoga Lake, Landings, 187, 530 Larvae, 69 Larval rearing, , Last Baltic sturgeon, 224 Late Glacial Maximum, 125 Lateral scutes, 32 Learning, 641 Legal status, 251 Life at sea, 150 Life history, 606 Littorina Sea, 222, 223 Local authorities, 480, 488 Local stakeholders, 483 Loire River, 103, 111 Lower Rhine River, 107 M Macrotubes, 473 Magdalenian period, 132 Mahalanobis distances, 58 Male, 188 Mammalian GnRH, 441 Management, , 428, authorities, 480 Mass marking, 360 Maturation, 385, 444 Maxillary, 26, 28, 29 Media, 486 coverage, 481 Mediterranean, 120 façade, 45 Sea, Meristic, 53 MHCII genes, 504 Microsatellite, 457, 503 Middle Ages, 137 Migration, 148, stimuli, 590 Minimum viable population size (MVPS), 607 Mining, 294 Mitochondrial DNA, 118, 518 Mitochondrial gene, 15 Mobilisation, 478, 489, 491, 493, 495, 497 Model, 606 Modelization, 597 Model species, 384 Modified gear, 549 Molecular data, 19 Monitoring, 529 techniques, 408 Morphological criteria, 33, 91, 95 Morphological differences, 24 Morphology of bones, Morphometric, 53 Mortalities, Mortality, 401, 419, 606 rates, 535 Mouth opening, 55, 56, 61, 62 Movements, mtdna, 503 Museum specimens, 117 MVP. See Minimum viable population size (MVPS)

5 Index 667 N National Action Plan, 485 National Strategy for Biodiversity, 485 National working group, Natura 2000, 480, 482 Neolithic, 91, 97, 101, 110 North Africa, 81 North Sea, 43, 120, , 204, 206 Nuclear transfer, 629 Nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids, 629 O Oder, 87, 598 Oder River, 540, 573, 574, 576, 577 Oise River, 106 Ontogeny, Oosomatic index (OSI), 389 Operculum, 55 OSPAR Convention, 479, 481, 483, 484 Osteometrical differences, 24 Osteometry, Overfishing, 237 Oxytetracycline, 359 P Palatopterygoid, 26, 28, 29 Palearctic, 81 Paleogenetics, 119 Paleogeography, Pectoral fin, 623 ray, 343, 359 Pectoral spine, 26, 28 Pesticides, 505 Petersen disc, 350 Philately, Photographs, 260, 272, 281 Plasmatic indicators, 369 Ploidy, 19, 20 Poaching, 238 Polarization index, 385, 441 Policies conservation public, 481, 482 sector-based, 481 Political commitment, 479 Population dynamics, 417 Population genetics, Population study, 262, Population viability analysis (PVA), 604 Potassium, 451 Primary culture, 623 Priority species, 483 status, 485 Proteomics, 640 Puberty, Public authorities, 478, 481, 484 Public awareness, 554 PVA. See Population viability analysis (PVA) R Radio telemetry, 573, 574, 576 Range, 202, 205, 216 Rearing, 546 conditions, 426, 440 Recovery plan, 240, 251 Reference collection, 25, Regulum, 235 Released fish, 637 Remediation, program, 539 Reproduction, 204, 210, 214, 302, , , 547 Reproductive cycle, Reproductive periods, 228 Reproductive system, 369, 371 Restitution program, 574 Restoration, 297, Restoration programs, 110 Rhône, 87, 596 Rhône River, , 107, 110, 142 Rioni, 87, 596 River, , 247, 249 River canalisation, 239 Rostrum, 55, 60, 62 S Saint John River, Satellite DNA, 14, 15, 19, 20 Scarpe Scheldt River, 106 Scientific trawling, 411 Scutes, 27, 53 55, 61, Sea water, 432 Sector-based policies, 481 Seine River, 104, 111 Sensitivity analysis, 607 Sèvres Niortaise River, Sex determination, Sex ratio, 387, 456 Sexual activity, 173 Sexual maturity, 546 Shrimps, 427

6 668 Index Simulate the upstream spawning migration, 441 Simulations, 417 Size, 529 data, 41 limits, Solutrean period, 132 Somatic cells, 622 Somme River, 106, 111 Spatio-temporal distribution, Spawners, 531 Spawning frequency, Spawning grounds, 148, , 288 Spawning period, Spawning sites, 548 Special Areas of Conservation, 481 Species discrimination, 95 Specific determination, 41 Spermatozoa, 467 Spermiation, 443 Spikes, 74 Staging of gonads, Stakeholders, , 481, 486 fishing, 484 local, 481 Steroid hormones, 502 Stocking, , 298, 409, 419 Stocking densities, 501, 641 Stock structure, 519 Stomach contents, 553 Strategy, 425, Straws, 472 Sturgeon, exploitation, 262, fishery, 286 pituitary, 384 released, 489, representations, 259 restitution, 562 Siberian, 492 size estimation, 260 sizes, 259 Substrate, 587 Supportive stocking, 607 Surveys, 288 Survival rates, 449, 452 Sustainable fishery, 536 Sympatry, 23, 48, T Tagged, 550 Tagging programme, 296 Tagus River, 137 Telemetry, 588 Telomeric sequence, 14 Temperature, 395, 436 Tetracycline hydrochloride, 360 Thermal preference behaviour, 501 Tiber, 228 Trade, 201, Training, 300 U Umbrella species, 537 Upper Palaeolithic, 132 V Ventral scutes, 32 Vernalisation, 428, 502 Vistula River, 573, 574, 576, 579 Vitellogenesis, Vitellogenin (VTG), 370 Voluntary declaration, 491, 497 Vortex, 604 Vulnerability coefficient, 535 W Weaning, 395, 501 Working group, European-wide working group, 486 national working group,