FISHERIES IMPROVEMENT ACTION PLAN

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1 Table 1: Action Plan Overview FISHERY NAME: Indonesian Handline Tuna fishery; Yellowfin and Skipjack tuna START DATE: Nov 2012 FISHERY LOCATION: Indonesian Central and Western Pacific FISHING METHOD: Handline END DATE (anticipated): Dec 2013 PROJECT LEADERS: ANOVA, IMACS (USAID) IMPROVEMENTS RECOMMENDED BY: Moody Marine Ltd: Pre Assessment Results OVERVIEW OF THE ACTION PLAN: This is a working document which means it should be updated regularly as action points are successfully implemented, conditions change within existing plans and new ones develop or become increasingly important. This action Plan is taken from the view of ANOVA, a private company, who is involved in export of Handline YFT. ANOVA sources fish from 17 + landing sites throughout Indonesia and a data collection system will be implemented within ANOVAs supply chain in each of these landing sites in order to gain knowledge on this fishery. Additionally, by active involvement with local DKP, formal and informal data collection from suppliers and middlemen and specifically geared interviews it is hoped to gain an in depth profile of each port and from this to be able to determine what % of the total fishery ANOVAs supply chains employ. It is hoped that the data collected will follow a similar format to that collected by other institutes currently involved in data collection in Indonesia and that it will therefore improve and enhance the understanding which exists regarding the stock and lead to improve sustainable and a precautionary approach to its exploitation in the close future. This information will be made available to relevant government bodies and regional RFMOs and will eventually be used in order to exhibit the fishery as a sustainable one, to an assessment process, which will aim to gain MSC certification for the fishery. The activities which are carried out in order for ANOVA to achieve it s FIP requirements are implemented by the Fishing & Living Program

2 Table 2: Action Plan Details STANDARD RESOURCES ACTION ACTION PARTNERS TIMESCALE / REQUIREMENT STATUS ACTIONS REQUIRED LEAD STAKEHOLDERS MILESTONES MSC Principle 1: A fishery must be conducted in a manner that does not lead to over fishing or depletion of the exploited populations and, for those populations that are depleted; the fishery must be conducted in a manner that demonstrably leads to their recovery SJK: Interim catch limit continuous Stock status million MT/yr. implementation Reference points YFT: interim catch limit not exceeding 2010 catch and effort levels (470,000 MT) SJK: Interim catch limit should not exceed million MT (all gears) according to WCPFC SJK: Collection of SJK catch data from one complete supply chain of ANOVAs suppliers in each landing area active. Total weight of catch, random FL constituting 20% of catch YFT: Collection of large (>10kg) YFT catch data from all of ANOVAs suppliers. Individual weight and individual FL of all specimen Enumerators trained and in place Observers trained and in place Database system in place Decide on method/level of data collection Produce protocol Hire staff Main supplier in each port/landing area WCPFC assist in observer training IMACS Fishermen Middlemen Suppliers Anova P4KSI?? Local DKP (district, kota etc) stock rebuilding Performance of the harvest strategy YFT: Interim catch and effort shall not exceed 2010 levels as defined by WCPFC Also it is advised that limit Bmsy be utilised at 0.5. Indonesia is currently working at 0.8. SJK: 2010 catches can be sustained in the long run no stock rebuilding required YFT: 2010 not overfished (closure of high sea pockets in place to limit PS fisheries and IUU) WCPFC aims to maintain or restore stocks at levels capable of producing MSY Precautionary limits should be introduced.

3 STANDARD REQUIREMENT STATUS ACTIONS Harvest control rules and tools Information/ monitoring Assessment WCPFC aim to implement harvest control rules in 2012 but are currently not in place by any body Rule exists which limits FAD density to min 10 NM apart. This is currently not implemented closure by WCPFC of several high sea pockets for period of fishing season Catch and effort data is presently not adequate. WCPFC supporting government (P4KSI) to implement in several key ports but not widespread. Catches often not separated by gear. Logbook implementation only partially done on large >30GT boats. Improvement is seen in last 2 years due to WPEA program. This programs scope needs to be expanded to increased number of ports and Indonesia needs to fulfil its data requirements to WCPFC Suggestions: limit entry into fishery or other such action to limit effort utilize IMACS data collection fishery councils as a forum to begin increasing info on number of boats, no. of fishermen etc involved in fishery. Increasing presence in minimum 8 landing sites to increase scope of data collection. Ensuring separation of species for catch estimates (especially juvenile YFT and SJK) Bait and bycatch are recorded Socialising logbook to fishermen (with possibility of offering incentive) Data collection (total weight, individual weight and FL) at every landing site ANOVA suppliers are active Cooperation with P4KSI as Indonesian implementers of WPEA program Information campaign to fishermen to gain acceptance for planned data collection data is of a standard to be integrated into national and regional stock assessments RESOURCES REQUIRED Enumerators Possible incentive scheme Enumerators Education and awareness campaign materials: posters, info leaflets etc ACTION LEAD Deciding on method of monitoring to be implemented (general scheme of data points to be collected. Actual procedure per landing area to be assessed and altered/adjusted to match conditions of landing area). Produce protocol Hire and train enumerators in protocol execution Continuous improvement of our knowledge on supply chains through QC /sustainability staff interaction with suppliers Information dissemination to suppliers by circulating presentations, reports etc ACTION PARTNERS USAID IMACS NGOs (to sponsor an incentive scheme) P4KSI STAKEHOLDERS RFMOs Indonesian government Fishermen Middlemen IMACS P4KSI Fishermen Middlemen WCPFC Local government TIMESCALE / MILESTONES Dec 2013 June 2013

4 MSC Principle 2: Fishing operations should allow for the maintenance of the structure, productivity, function and diversity of the ecosystem (including habitat and associated dependent and ecologically related species) on which the fishery depends Retained spp: Status Enumerators Continuous Retained spp: Management At present large quantities of juvenile YFT and SJK are caught by same boats which are handlining large YFT thus the fishery should no longer be termed YFT handlining as both large YFT and SJK should be seen as target species. Juvenile YFT, Tongkol (FGT, BLT), swordfish, mahi mahi, Spanish mackerel are main bycatch species. Juvenile YFT (baby tuna) are often not separated from SJK for data analysis (10 20%) of catch. Status states not overfished (WCPFC stock assessment but problems as not recorded properly) Tongkol (BET and FGT, both not specified separately). No stock status is available (FGT is termed red on the WWFseafood guide and BET orange). Other species do not constitute over 5% of catch and are therefore not specified as bycatch species No on retained species is in place. By collecting qualitative data it may be possible to ensure that these species become specified as minor retained species by MSC (<5%) or else initiative may be put in place if appropriate. Juvenile YFT need to be monitored separately from SJK to ensure stock assessments are being carried out correctly. data on quantities of each bycatch species should be gathered (total catch and random sampling on catch to gain individual weight and length data) Carrying out data collection to ascertain the proportion of the fishery is comprised by retained species Information education campaign on basic biology of fish to fishermen to convince of benefits of sustainability as a means of cutting down on juvenile catches Increasing competence on juvenile YFT and BET identification to insure these are separated correctly and catches are correctly recorded Enumerators posters, leaflets, presentations on sustainability issues Species identification booklets for YFT and BET differentiation Supply chains investigated from ports ANOVA active. Data collection method to be decided upon Sampling protocol produced Data collection on bycatch to be implemented on selected chains from which multiplication factor may be applied to total fishery to calculate total catches of these species. Continuous Port sampling program conducted P4KSI District government Fishermen Universities (IMACS; Data collection fisheries councils) P4KSI District government Fishermen Universities (IMACS; Data collection fisheries councils) Continuous

5 2.1.3 Retained spp: Info/Monitoring Discarded Spp: status Discarded Spp: Management Discarded Spp: Info/monitoring ETP: Status ETP spp: Managment Increase in data quality and scope is needed N/A N/A N/A Due to nature of fishery the interaction with ETPs is estimated to be negligible. No fisheries independent data exists which suggests interactions but quantitative data should be collected to verify this There are currently the following strategies in place: Seabirds: WCPFC (Resolution ) which follows the FAO International plan of action Seabirds; however assessment of bycatch or avoidance measures are not employed. Sharks: WCPFC (Resolution 2006 DPO4) which requires national planning initiatives, reporting requirements and regulations regarding shark fin: total shark body mass on board vessels. See above 2.1.1, Shark and turtle interactions may need to be investigated Material of FADs to be investigated ETP interaction protocol developed by F&L. Implemented in 8 landing sites Depending on outcomes from research carried out specific interactions or interactions with higher frequencies may highlight specific possibilities to decrease interactions between Handline fisheries and ETPs Enumerators Awareness materials: posters, id charts Compilation of data from 1 year on going F&L ETP activities to assess the impact which handline fishery exerting on the fishery Possible execution of mitigation plan Anova IMACS See below See below See below See below Dec 2012

6 Turtles: CITES protects all species from trade and consumption. National regulations protect nesting sites and foraging areas ETP: Information monitoring Several small studies have been conducted (WWF) on interactions but the scope of the studies and the statistical value of the sampling sizes have been low. An ETP interaction protocol is being implemented by F&L. Initial analysis is done by interview/ questionnaire which gives detail on which ETPs are relevant to this fishery Continuous assessment is done through interview/ questionnaire/ logbook /onboard observers where fishermen give details of interactions with ETPs Enumerators Observers Questionnaire/ interview team Produce monthly summary reports of ETP interactions in fishing areas. Awareness campaigns or workshops which will give initial details on ETPs relevant to this fishery, their importance IMACS WWF ANOVA IMACS WWF Continuous

7 STANDARD REQUIREMENT Habitat: status Habitat: Management strategy STATUS Fishing is carried out in deep water where FADs are deployed. Physical damage by FADs on benthos where they are anchored is thought to be minimal and reversible. Gear from the handline fishery does not have and negative effects on the habitat. Some legislation exists which limits number of FADs which may be legally deployed (10 NM apart). All FADs should be registered. Currently this is not being implemented ACTIONS Benthic research to be carried out on FAD anchoring. Data on numbers and density of deployed FADs should be gathered through implementation of logbook system. Sparsely deployed FADs (Government legislation specifies min 10 NM distance between FADs, however this is not implemented) are likely to have a minimal impact but studies should be carried out on possible negative effects of high density such as what may be found in Sulawesi (3 5 NM apart) Possible incentive scheme; CSR project which would support logbook implementation by distribution of GPS devices Strengthening of the DKP through IMACS supported by Data Collection Fisheries Management Councils (DCFMC). Improving possibility of fishermen to record the location of the FADS by implementation of incentive scheme (CSR program) which would distribute GPS devices to fishermen, collection boats. Development of a FAD plan through local co groups RESOURCES REQUIRED Scientific research as that proposed through BEST tuna project. Several studies will focus on the ecology of FADS: nl/uk/research/bes TTuna/ Enumerators for logbook socialising Funding for CSR; GPS distribution scheme Funding for CSR; GPS distribution scheme ACTION LEAD Cooperation with local DKP to support the socialising and implementation of logbooks (Kendari uses the rule that new SIB number will not be issued until logbook of previous trip is submitted) Actively investigate the possibility of funding from outside agencies and organizations Actively investigate the possibility of funding from outside agencies and organizations Begin informal data collection on FAD locations by interaction with fishermen, middlemen ACTION PARTNERS Funding agencies Wageningen university Local (per pport/landing site) DKP Funding agencies STAKEHOLDERS WUR DKP Fishermen Middlemen Fishermen DKP (district) TIMESCALE / MILESTONES Dec There is insufficient data available See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above Dec 2012 June 2014

8 Habitat: Info/ monitoring Ecosystem: Status to ascertain the level of impact which this fishery has on the habitat 3 elements of ecosystem impacts should be noted from the handline tuna fishery; removal of high level predators from the trophic structure of the system, Removal of bait species and the influence of FADs on the trophic structure. Ecosim modelling carried out showed that the removal of large tuna species such as BET and YFT have a large influence on the structure of the ecosystem through related trophic changes which occur through its removal. This is related to total BET and YFT removal and may therefore not be relavant to handline fishery which removes just < 4.5% of total YFT from the stock. (SJK...not known what % of catch is taken by handline) NO stock assessment of bait species is carried out FADs are an unnatural habitat and cause juveniles to aggregate before reproduction. This form of aggregating and associated high potential removal of juveniles (Pole and line, Purse seine) in large quantities may be detrimental to stock (some catches had up to 90% baby tuna mixture of SJK and juv. YFT. Estimate that 30 40% was juvenile YFT. Increased research to be carried out on the impact of high level predator removal from ecosystem arch/besttuna/ research to be carried out on bait species within ANOVA supply chains; species, quantities etc. Should be dealt with at same level of importance as retained bycatch of the fishery. Increased research on the trophic impacts which high density FAD deployment may have on ecosystem arch/besttuna/ Enumerators Data collection through interview with fishermen on FAD density, bait species and quantities employed IMACS WUR Fishermen Dec 2014

9 2.5.2 Ecosystem: Management strategy Ecosystem: Info/monitoring FAD density being managed by regulation but not implemented. Individual fisheries such as those of bait fishery are not regulated or plans are nonexistent. At present little info/monitoring on ecosystem effects directly related to this fishery is being carried out but research is ongoing on predator removal from ecosystem. WCPFC carrying out research into trophic interactions Principle 3: The fishery is subject to an effective system that respects local, national and international laws and standards and incorporates institutional and operational frameworks that require use of the resource to be responsible and sustainable Fisheries falls under Governance and the control of: policy: Legal National MMAF, responsible framework for activity outside 12NM zone and for vessels >30GT Provincial 0 12 NM and 10 30GT District 0 4 NM and < 10GT vessels There is a National Tuna Management Plan being drafted but its implementation is not active yet and may not be guaranteed. WCPFC gives Conservation Management Measures (CMMs) which give proposed catch limits and closed area restrictions but the GoI are not actively involved in insuring the implementation of such rules/advise. As a co operating

10 non member Indonesia has data obligations to WCPFC which it is not fully fulfilling. WPEA program through SPC is delivering limited data to this RFMO. Vessels smaller than 5 GT are deemed artisanal and are not required to report catches Governance and policy: consultation, roles and responsibilities In Indonesia a top down implementation structure is employed An effective coordinated does not exist in this top down structure and from observation there seems to be little implementation of rules (e.g. 10 NM rule on FADs). Corruption and underreporting occurs within the retribution system (collected by DKP district and Provincial and used as budget for administration. Often this leads to a disproportionate amount of emphasis and time allocation being employed on collection Governance and policy: long term objectives Law No 31 provides a list of objectives that are appropriate and contain the necessary reference to sustainable fisheries. However, objectives also refer to growth in production without reference to the precautionary principle and may be deemed to be conflicting. The government must be seen to be adhering to at very least beginning to adhere to their responsibilities which they have to WCPFC, IOTC with regards data collection, ETP interaction etc. The following initiatives have been taken: Familiarisation/socialisation

11 Through WPEA program P4KSI is now active in a data collection program. Logbook implementation is being expanded and work is in progress by the KKP (Silopi database to begin 2012, presently focussing on boats over 30 GT) training on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF); Preparations for a National Plan of Action for Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Fishing to be implemented in 2004; Preparations of a national strategy for the implementation of the CCRF; Preparations for the establishment of a authority for endangered species; Preparations for implementation in 2004 of the NPOA for reducing catches of seabirds in long line fisheries; Preparations in 2004 for the NPOA for conservation and of sharks; Final arrangements on the 2003 NPOA for of fishing capacity to be introduced to fishers in 2004 prior to implementation. Note all of these are movement forward but implementation is not occurring in many of the examples. Also contradiction may be seen to be occurring between intention and actual action Governance and policy: Incentives for sustainable fishery At present these do not apply GoI is seen to be approaching fisheries with an expansionist approach rather than a precautionary one There are no fishery specific It is important for tuna

12 Fishery specific system: fishery specific objectives Fishery specific system: Decision making process Fishery specific system: compliance and enforcement Fishery specific system: research plan Fishery specific system: monitoring and evaluation plans and therefore there are also no fishery specific objectives in place Decision making processes are top down. There appears to be some strength in Forum decisions made at local level, which could conform to this SG. However, these would have to be developed to illustrate ability to implement decisions. Compliance systems seem to be untested since there are very few actual measures from which to comply with A clear research plan, harvest control rules and a structure needs to be developed to allow for monitoring of SSB, age structures, sex ratios, CPUE and habitat interactions. To allow flexibility in the application of measures, and to ensure compliance with objectives. A formal Management Plan peer review structure needs to be implemented, assuming that Management plans will become a feature in the future. that these objectives are seen to be following guidelines of WCPFC in the future