QUOTAS -Setting and Sharing

Transcription

1 QUOTAS -Setting and Sharing A North East Atlantic Gordic Knot 1.Simpósio Internacional sobre o Manejo da Pesca Marinho no Brasil Brasilia, 06 a 08 de Julho de 2015 Johán H Williams Diretor Technico, Pesca y Aquicultura Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries

2 1. The Arena

3 Norway A Blue Economy Nation NORWAY Population: Mainland: Spitsbergen: Jan Mayen: kkkkk 5,0 million sq.km sq.km 377 sq.km Mainland EEZ: sq.km Spitsbergen FPZ sq.km Jan Mayen FZ: sq.km

4 Norwegian Coast and Seas Norwegian Seas: Jurisdiction over 6 times the land area. Baseline: 2,500 km Coastline (mainland): 25,000 km Norwegian shoreline (mainland including islands): 83,000 km

5 Economic Values of the Norwegian Seas 35 percent of GDP 10 percent of employment 70 percent of Norwegian export Food Energy Transport

6 Shared Stocks 90% of Norwegian catch from shared stocks Cooperation is fundamental Different mechanisms established to address the management challenges Stable and agreed kkkkk quota allocation between states facilitates successful joint management schemes Based on the UNCLOS /UNFSA framework

7 Bilateral and Coastal State Fish Stock Management Negotiations Bilateral Managing fishing on Norway Russia (shared) shared fish stocks requires close Norway EU (shared) cooperation between Norway Greenland (exch) the coastal states Norway Faroe Island (exch) Coastal States kkkkk Norwegian spring spawning herring Northeast Atlantic mackerel Blue whiting Irminger Sea redfish Redfish area I and II Capelin

8 Norway in Regional Fisheries Management Organisations North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) The International Commission kkkkk for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine living Resources (CCAMLR)

9 2. The Scientists

10 Institute of Marine Research The Beginning Norsk Fiskeristyrelse established 1900 Became the Directorate of Fisheries in 1906 with a research staff of 20, two were scientists In 1989, the Institute of Marine Research was separated from the Directorate of Fisheries

11 Institute of Marine Research Key Figures Scientiists 185 Technicians 230 Administrative 88 Crew 110 Total 613 Appr turnover 100 mill US$/y

12 Institute of Marine Research - Vessels Vessel Days at Sea G.O. Sars 280 Johan Hjort 250 Håkon Mosby 170 G.M. Dannevig 230 Dr. Fridtjof Nansen Hans Brattström Fangst 180 Jan Mayen 75 Chartered vessels 770 Total G.O.SARS 2003 JOHAN HJORT 1980 G.M.DANNEVIG 1978 HÅKON MOSBY 1980 DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN 1983

13 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Main aim: To collate, synthesize and coordinate marine science To enable provision of best available evidence for use by decision-makers A marine scientific cooperation since Member Countries bordering the North Atlantic Geographical scope; North Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic Sea, European seas, Arctic and Pacific

14 Advice is : Delivered at the time required to feed into the decision process Compiled annually in advice report: Status of marine ecosystems Status of fish stocks in Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea Advice on natural resource management and the marine environment Annually ICES provides: Fisheries Advice on >240 stocks. Quantitative Advice on 68 stocks Multi-species Mixed fisheries Environmental Advice

15 Unbiased and non-political: Considered legitimate by governments and stakeholders Best available knowledge of biological conditions in the sea - Advice is : : International science, application of research results and international data bases Transparent - documented and open to observers Quality assured - peer reviewed advice

16 3. The happy Years

17

18 BLUE WHITING Micromesistius poutassou

19 Blue Whiting - Advice vs Catches ADVICE CATCHES 500 0

20 Blue Whiting - EU Catches & Catches EU Zones - % of Total EU CATCHES CATCHES EU ZONES

21 The Negotiations Blue Fighting More than 20 negotiation-meetings More than 5 years The Coastal States EU Faroe Islands Iceland Norway Affiliated Russia

22 The Negotiations Blue Fighting More than 20 negotiation-meetings More than 5 years I had my hairdresser in Reykjavik, Iceland

23 Blue Whiting - Norwegian Catches 50 % OF TOTAL 45 PAID EU

24 Blue Whiting - Norwegian Catches TOTAL IN N EEZ IN EU EEZ

25 Blue Whiting - Catches in Zones and by Fleets, 2005 &

26 The 2006 Blue Whiting Agreement EU 30% Norway 26% Faroes 24% Iceland 16% Russia 4% access to economic zones fair share for others / outside 200 mile management plan catch reduction strategy Agreement 16. Dec, 2006

27 Quota sharing Negotiations rational Common Ground and agreed Allocation Criteriae application The UN Fish Stock Agreement (UNFSA) (The United Nations Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks )sets out principles for the conservation and management of those fish stocks and establishes that such management must be based on the precautionary approach and the best available scientific information. The Agreement elaborates on the fundamental principle, established in the Convention, that States should cooperate to ensure conservation and promote the objective of the optimum utilization of fisheries resources both within and beyond the exclusive economic zone. Zonal attachment Historical fishing Dependency Contribution to research

28 Sucsess Factor #1 Gang up against the biggest

29 Sucsess Factor #2 Show them your muscles

30 Success Factor #3

31 4. Climate Changed Climate

32 to agree or not agree X x x

33 Mackerel Catches Newcomers and Expansionism ICELAND FAROE ISLANDS GREENLAND

34 A Party loses its Herring Patience 120 FAROE ISLANDS HERRING CATCHES 100 FAROE ISLANDS % OF TOTAL

35 Another Party remember and worries

36 Change in Blue Whiting Zonal Attachment 600 ICELAND CATCHES BLUE WHITING 500 OF IT IN OWN EEZ

37 The Consequence NSS Herrring : NO AGREEMENT Mackerel : NO AGREEMENT Blue Whiting : AGREEMENT OPENED NSS Herring and Atlantic Mackerel are fished at unsustainable catch levels Blue Whiting still fished in line with agreed management plan ICES found it to be in acc. with PrecApp

38 1000 tonn/1000 tonnes Aggregate spawning stock of the 5 most important pelagic Species

39 5. On the Side-line

40 The relevant RFMO ARTICLE 2 The objective of this Convention is to ensure the longterm conservation and optimum utilisation of the fishery resources in the Convention Area, providing sustainable economic, environmental and social benefits.

41 Convention Area & Regulatory Area Empowered by the Contracting Parties No autonomous powers - No supernational decision rights Coastal State Agreement and EEZ-regulation basis for Regulatory Area regulatory measures. 4 1, but reservation right (not bound as in every int.org) No coastal state, no NEAFC, int.waters stay unregulated with

42 DIVERT ATTENTION VMEs EBSAs Collective Arrangement Port State Measures?

43 6. It is possible, however

44 The Contradiction The History of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission The Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission was established in 1976 to manage cod, haddock and capelin in the Barents Sea. The Commission is also involved in other aspects of fisheries regulation, and since 1993 fishery control has become an important dimension of the bilateral management cooperation.

45 Present State Excellent

46 1000 tonn/1000 tonnes 3500 Aggregate spawning Stock of the 5 most important Groundfish Species

47 Cause and Effect CLIMATE FEED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT F and B lim RESILIENS

48