Monitoring deep-water fisheries: Contributions to the assessment of deep-water marine biodiversity

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1 Monitoring deep-water fisheries: Contributions to the assessment of deep-water marine biodiversity José Angel Alvarez Perez CTTMar UNIVALI

2 Our understanding on biodiversity patterns in the deep-water habitats off the Brazilian coast is still largely incomplete In the last 50 years preliminary inventories have been produced mostly as byproducts of scientific programs designed to explore potential fishing resources outside traditional fishing areas Such initiatives have also followed the need to comply international agreements. e.g. REVIZEE ( ) Know to fish approach From Ferreira et al., REVIZEE

3 In 1998, the Brazilian Government launched a deep-water fishing development policy in an attempt to accelerate the occupation of the outer bounds of Brazilian EEZ and induce its economic exploitation This policy stimulated the chartering of foreign vessels by national companies and an intense monitoring of these deep-water operations. Such actions would allow: (a) the improvement of knowledge on potential resources and international markets (b) The evaluation of large-scale deep-water fishing operations profitability (c) The absorption of adequate technologies for deep-water fishing, handling and processing Fish to know approach

4 Monitoring deep-water fishing involved two intensive data collection tools: VMS Observers Specific programs were designed for the implementation of such tools for the entire chartered fleet as part of scientific cooperation programs with UNIVALI Since 2000, all hauls of all trips of every vessel, have been monitored as to provide information on: Fishing, handling, processing technology Catch Effort Fishing areas Biological samples (catch / bycatch)

5 CATCH CPUE EFFORT POPULATION STRUCTURE BYCATCH OBSERVERS BIOMASS ASSESSMENTS ECOSSYSTEM IMPACTS MANAGEMENT PLANS TACs Effort limitations Gear limitations Bycatch limitations No-fishing areas MARINE BIODIVERSITY INVENTORIES

6 ADVANTAGES Intensive sampling large numbers of trips, hauls Many opportunities to collect samples Large areas variety of habitats Continuous sampling (seasons, years etc..) Abundant material Organisms vulnerable to a variety of samplers DISADVANTAGES Fishing impacts (sampling derives from fishing effort) Biased spatial sampling (no good for community description) On board identification and material collection limitations

7 OBSERVERS Collection of specimens Conservation, packing On board identification Photograph/ Video documentation GEP SCIENTISTS BIODIVERSITY INVENTORIES Sample screening Preliminary identification (major groups) Specimens preparation Identification requests - Taxonomists TAXONOMISTS BYCATCH LISTS Identification of specimens Lists of identified taxa Taxonomic collections

8 Bycatch Lists From 2000 to 2005 a total of 319 fishing trips have been monitored by Observers who provided information on hauls conducted on Brazilian deep areas A total of 356 taxa has been identified so far, but a large body of information (80 90% of data collected) is still being processed principally from the trawl fishery Gillnet Pot Trawl Long Line Total Number of vessels Number of trips Number of Hauls Taxa Porifera Cnidaria Annelida Mollusca Crustacea Echinodermata Elasmobranchs Teleosts Turtles Birds Cetaceans Total

9 sub-área sub-área 2 Gillnet Fishery Target: Monkfish (Lophius gastrophysus) Period: Area: S / m A total of 153 taxa were identified in the gill net fishery bycatch sub-área m 200 m 500 m Terceiro trimestre Esforço (redes.horas) 0 a a a a a

10 Gillnet Fishery Main Bycatch: Mobile benthic crabs (Chaceon, Rochinia), large K-strategists (Poliprion, Squatina) Ch Mortality (numbers) Ec Cr Ml TL Sd Sp Gh Hk Tl Bd Ln mean weight Sk Sh An Wf CtTt Sp./Monkfish

11 Pot Fishery IN SEAP/PR 4, 5, 4 May 2005 TACs, Effort, Escape Panels Longitude S Rio Grande Brazil Rio de Janeiro Santos Cananéia Itajaí Laguna Red crab Royal crab (South) Vitória Atlantic Ocean Royal crab (Southeast) Chaceon notialis Longitude W Chaceon ramosae

12 Trawl Fishery Outer Shelf Fishery Multispecific Upper Slope Fishery Hake, Gulf Hake, Silver John Dory, Argentine Squid Lower Slope Fishery Deep-water Shrimp 250 m 500 m

13 Aristaeopsis edwardsiana carabinero Aristaeomorpha foliacea moruno Latitude S Rio Grande Chuí 100 m Cananéia Itajaí Cabo de Santa Marta Santos 200 m Rio de Janeiro Longitude W Oceano Atlântico Camarão carabineiro Aristaeopsis edwardsiana Kg/lance 0 a a a a 170

14 GEP collaborators 12 taxonomists of 9 research institutions have provided identifications and support to bycatch studies and produced taxonomic and biodiversity studies with specimens collected by deep-water fisheries Institution Taxonomist Group MZUSP Dr. G. Melo Crustacea Dr. M. Tavares Crustacea Univ. Mackenzie Dr. G. Melo Fo. Crustacea MN/UFRJ Dr. C. Castro Cnidaria/ corals Dr. D. Pires Cnidaria/ corals FUNDESPA Dr. L. Tommasi Equinodermata FURG Dr. F. D'Incao Crustacea/ shrimps Dr. M. Haimovici Cephalopoda CEPSUL/ IBAMA Dr. R. dos Santos Cephalopoda FZRS Dr. C. Lerner Porifera Dr. B. Mothes Porifera Univ. Açores Dr. J. Barreiros Piscis

15 Tavares & Melo, 2005 Melo-Filho & Melo, 2004 New taxa New Geographic records described form deep-sea fisheries Andrade et al., 2004 Barreiros et al. 2004

16 GEP - UNIVALI team Dr. José Angel Alvarez Perez Dr. Humber Agrelli de Andrade MSc. Marcelo Rodrigues-Ribeiro Dr. Paulo Ricardo Pezzuto Dr. Paulo Ricardo Schwingel Msc. Roberto Wahrlich Colaborators - UNIVALI Dr. André Barreto Dr. Joaquim Olinto Branco Dr. Maurício Hostim Silva Funding MA/ SARC/ 03/ 2000 MAPA/ SARC/ 03/ 2001 MAPA/ SARC/ DENACOP/ 176/ 2002 SEAP/ PR/ 01/ 2003 SEAP/ PR/ 78/ 2004 SEAP/ PR/ 64/ 2005 CONCLUDING REMARKS Deep-water fishery development has recently started in Brazil A large effort. involving governmental agencies and scientists. has been directed to maintaining this development within sustainable limits This effort has included intense fishing monitoring, using new tools such as observers and VMS, massive data collection and fast assessments It also provides the opportunity to redirect information for biodiversity studies It is mandatory that we make the best possible use of this opportunity through all possible partnerships, with either Brazilian and international institutions, to this end.

17 How can we contribute to a Southern MAR ECO? UNIVALI Fishery Studies Group Motivation to learn about seamount ecosystems subsidies to MPAs Motivation to explore potential fishing in International Waters Marine Mammals Data bank Attractive to the interests of Brazilian/ South American Fishing & Environmental Agencies

18 MPAs Sea Mounts Kg/h Platô do Ceará Banco Sirius (CFN) Lances Banco B (CFN) Epinephelus nigritus Monte 1 Monte 2 Leslie DeLury Leslie DeLury Num réplicas Biomassa (t) Mínimo 91,4 121,2 230,1 229,3 Máximo 193,0 188,0 356,4 332,9 Mediana 144,5 140,3 275,9 274,7 Média 145,1 141,7 278,7 276,2 Erro Padrão 0,6 0,4 0,8 0,8 Desvio Padrão 13,8 9,3 18,9 17,9 C.V. 9,5% 6,6% 6,8% 6,5 Escape % Mediana 14,9 12,4 40,0 39,7 Média 14,4 12,9 40,3 39,9 q Mediana 0, , , ,00113 Média 0, , , ,00113

19 International Waters fishing grounds