Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Oyster Restoration
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1 Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Oyster Restoration Sustainable Fisheries GIT Meeting December 3, 2013
2 2 Interest in Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services (ORES) Maryland s Oyster Restoration Plan: Focus on targeted restoration strategies to achieve ecological and economic goals NOAA Habitat Blueprint regional habitat initiative: NCBO has a role to evaluate the habitat and understand the functioning of the ecosystem
3 3 Ecosystem Services Are the wide array of goods and services of value to people
4 4 Ecosystem Services More Precisely Final Ecosystem Services are - Components of nature directly enjoyed, consumed, or used to yield human well-being - End products of nature that people make choices about - Arise from and depend on a broader set of ecological components, processes and functions Partial List of Ecosystem Services Purification of air and water Mitigation of droughts and floods Generation and preservation of soils and renewal of their fertility Detoxification and decomposition of wastes Pollination of crops and natural vegetation Dispersal of seeds Cycling and movement of nutrients Control of potential pests Food production Boyd and Banzhaff 2007
5 5 Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services - Framework Oyster Meat Production Fish Production Denitrification Shoreline Protection $ Value of Oysters and Oyster Products, Value of Nitrogen and Carbon Removal $ Value of Commercial and Recreational Fisheries, Value of Nitrogen Removal $ Value Nitrogen Removal $ Value of Avoided Damage
6 6 Research on Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services Breitburg, D.C., Are three-dimensional structure and healthy oyster populations the keys to an ecologically interesting and important fish community? In: Luckenbach, M.W., Mann, R., Wesson, J.A. (Eds.), Oyster Reef Habitat Restoration: A Synopsis and Synthesis of Approaches. Virginia Institute of Marine Science Press, Gloucester Point, VA, pp Coen, L.D., M.W. Luckenbach, and D.L. Breitburg. 1999b. The role of oyster reefs as essential fish habitat: a review of current knowledge and some new perspectives. Pp , in L.R. Benaka, (ed.). Fish habitat: essential fish habitat and rehabilitation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 22, Bethesda, MD., D.C., Coen, L. D. Robert D. Brumbaugh, D. Bushek, R. Grizzle, M.W. Luckenbach, M. H. Posey, S. P. Powers, S. G. Tolley. Ecosystem services related to oyster restoration. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 341: , 2007 Fulford RS, Breitburg DL, Luckenbach M, Newell RIE (2010) Evaluating ecosystem response to oyster restoration and nutrient load reduction with a multispecies bioenergetics model. Ecol. Appl. 20: Grabowski, J.H., Robert D. Brumbaugh, Robert Conrad, Andrew G. Keeler, Jim Opaluch, Charles H. Peterson, Michael F. Piehler, Sean P. Powers, and Ashley R. Smyth Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Oyster Reefs. BioScience 62: Keeler BL, Polasky S, Brauman KA, Johnson KA, Finlay JC, O'Neill A, Kovacs K, Dalzell B Linking water quality and well-being for improved assessment and valuation of ecosystem services. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Oct 22. [Epub ahead of print] Peterson, C. H., J. H. Grabowski, and S. P. Powers Estimated enhancement of fish production resulting from restoring oyster reef habitat: quantitative valuation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 264: Tolley, S. G. & A. K. Volety The role of oysters in habitat use of oyster reefs by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans. J. Shellfish Res. 24: Zimmerman, R., T. Minello, T. Baumer & M. Castiglione Oyster reef as habitat for estuarine macrofauna. Galveston, TX: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, technical memorandum NMFS-SEFC-249. Lots of studies but they need to be synthesized into a ORES Framework for proper accounting for the Chesapeake
7 7 What do we know/need to know? Oyster reefs provide a number of significant ecosystem services, including: Enhanced fish and invertebrate production Dentrification Water filtration Shoreline stabilization Need additional information about impacts of Reef density, Reef size, Reef position in tributary, Salinity, hydrodynamics, etc.
8 8 Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services: Choptank Complex
9 9 Elements of the ORES project 1. Habitat complexity 2. Water column 3. Fish sampling 4. Modeling 5. Economic analyses Ecological Studies Ecological Production Function Ecosystem Service Economic function Ecosystem Service Value Finfish sampling Habitat monitoring Oyster Reef Ecosystem & Habitat Models Finfish Biomass Economic analysis Commercial and Recreational Value of Finfish Biomass
10 10 Element 1 Habitat Complexity Identify relationships between oyster abundance, finfish community and benthic habitat morphology. This work has been initiated and analysis is underway.
11 11 Element 2 Water Column Monitor conditions in the water column habitat (e.g., temperature, salinity, DO) to help explain temporal changes in fish community structure. This work has been planned and DNR- RAS is funded to provide continuous monitoring.
12 12 Element 3 Finfish Community The traps setup for data collection is complete. Gear testing is underway. Sampling occurring throughout the summer and fall.
13 13 Element 4 Modeling Quantify commercial and recreational fisheries production supported through trophichabitat interactions A model of a typical reef has been developed and manuscript is in progress. Modifications will be made based on other studies.
14 14 Element 5 Economic Analysis Focus on the economic valuation and impact of commercial and recreational fisheries as a result of enhanced ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration
15 15 Collaborative Research Applicants Title Locations Rom Lipcius & Rochelle Seitz, VIMS Ecosystem services of restored oyster reefs in lower Chesapeake Bay (fish traps and video) Great Wicomico, Lafayette, Lynnhaven Ken Paynter UMD, Lisa Kellogg and Paige Ross VIMS Integrated assessment of oyster reef ecosystem services: Macrofaunal and productivity utilization, secondary production and nutrient sequestration (benthic sampling) Harris Creek Mark Luckenbach, Lisa Kellogg and Paige Ross, VIMS Integrated assessment of oyster reef ecosystem services: Fish and crustacean utilization, secondary production and trophic linkages (fish traps) Harris Creek Jeff Cornwell UMCES and Lisa Kellogg VIMS Integrated assessment of oyster reef ecosystem services: Quantifying denitrification rates and nutrient fluxes (chambers with oysters moved to lab to use gas analyzer) Harris Creek
16 16 Collaborative Approach for ORES NMFS/HC Economic Analysis UMD/ VIMS Harris Creek benthos VIMS Harris Creek Fish and crustacean UMCES/ VIMS Harris Creek dentrification MD DNR Harris and Tred Avon Water Column Habitat VIMS VA Tribs Fish NCBO Tred Avon habitat structure & finfish
17 17 Tred Avon Study: Preliminary Results Prerestoration baseline: Sampling July- November 2013
18 Methods: Site Selection and Site Description 1) Seed Only Surface shell. Restored with hatchery spat on shell 2) Substrate and Seed Minimal surface shell on hard bottom. Restored with substrate & hatchery spat on shell 3) Control Minimal surface shell on hard bottom. No restoration 4) Natural Shell Surface shell & no restoration
19 Fish Sampling Methods: Gear Description Black Sea Bass (1 3/8 square) Bait Trap (3/8"x7/8 ) Pinfish (3/8" diamond) Minnow (3/16" diamond)
20 Results Mean CPUE relative to site/treatment Trap string fishing effort (hours): Mean = 22.4 Min = 20.0 Max = 24.4 N= 72 NOAA CHESAPEAKE BAY OFFICE U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Page 20
21 Results Species composition relative to treatment Treatment Common Name Number Percent of total Control WHITE PERCH Control SPOT Control BLUE CRAB Control OYSTER TOADFISH Control STRIPED BASS Control ATLANTIC CROAKER Natural Shell WHITE PERCH Natural Shell BLUE CRAB Natural Shell OYSTER TOADFISH Natural Shell SILVER PERCH Natural Shell GREEN GOBY Seed Only Restoration WHITE PERCH Seed Only Restoration BLUE CRAB Seed Only Restoration SPOT Seed Only Restoration STRIPED BASS Seed Only Restoration OYSTER TOADFISH Seed Only Restoration HOGCHOKER Seed Only Restoration ATLANTIC CROAKER Seed Only Restoration NAKED GOBY NOAA CHESAPEAKE BAY OFFICE Substrate and Seed Restoration BLUE CRAB Substrate and Seed Restoration SPOT Substrate and Seed Restoration WHITE PERCH Substrate and Seed Restoration OYSTER TOADFISH Substrate and Seed Restoration STRIPED BASS Substrate and Seed Restoration PUMPKINSEED Substrate and Seed Restoration ATLANTIC CROAKER U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Page 21 41
22 Results Species Composition by Gear - Four 3-5 min trawls - Trawl treatment sites: Control_1 Natural_Shell_2 Seed_Only_1 Substrate_Seed_2 Common_Name Trawl number Trawl Pct Trap Pct Trap number WHITE PERCH BLUE CRAB SPOT HOGCHOKER STRIPED BASS BAY ANCHOVY MUD CRABS SPOTTED SEATROUT NAKED GOBY ATLANTIC MENHADEN COMMON GRASS SHRIMP OYSTER TOADFISH ATLANTIC CROAKER Trawl Date: 8/6/2013 Trap Date: 7/29/2013 NOAA CHESAPEAKE BAY OFFICE U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Page 22
23 Results CPUE relative to date Date Mean CPUE (no./trap string set) median stdev min max n sum 7/29/ /5/ /25/ /4/ NOAA CHESAPEAKE BAY OFFICE U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Page 23
24 Results Species composition relative to date Date Common Name Number Percent of total 7/29/2013 WHITE PERCH /29/2013 BLUE CRAB /29/2013 SPOT /29/2013 STRIPED BASS /29/2013 OYSTER TOADFISH /5/2013 WHITE PERCH /5/2013 SPOT /5/2013 BLUE CRAB /5/2013 ATLANTIC CROAKER /5/2013 OYSTER TOADFISH /5/2013 STRIPED BASS /5/2013 HOGCHOKER /25/2013 WHITE PERCH /25/2013 SPOT /25/2013 BLUE CRAB /25/2013 OYSTER TOADFISH /25/2013 STRIPED BASS /25/2013 SILVER PERCH /25/2013 HOGCHOKER /4/2013 WHITE PERCH /4/2013 BLUE CRAB /4/2013 OYSTER TOADFISH /4/2013 PUMPKINSEED /4/2013 NAKED GOBY /4/2013 GREEN GOBY NOAA CHESAPEAKE BAY OFFICE U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Page 24
25 Summary Lower than expected catch rates Little difference in relative abundance or species composition among treatments. Not surprising for pre-restoration condition. Reasonable capture of species composition by traps relative to trawl gear. Working with other Pis to fin tune gear and ensure consistency across sites. Apparent seasonality in rel. abundance. May need to shift schedule. NOAA CHESAPEAKE BAY OFFICE U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Page 25
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