The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses
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1 JUDITH BEIER The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 4th meeting of the International Network Equine Science,
2 1. Introduction 1. Introduction Does an influence of the riding styles dressage, showjumping, western, riding in the area, leisure riding and groundwork on vertebral blockages of horses exists? Does an influence of the combination of these riding styles on vertebral blockages exists? Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 2
3 1. Einleitung L1-L6 Lumbar vertebrae TH1-TH18 Thoracic vertebrae C1-C7 cervical vertebrae LSÜ Lumbusacral junction CTÜ Cervico-thoracic junction AOÜ Atlanto-occipital joint Vertebral column of a horse (FRITZ, 2011) Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 3
4 1. Introduction Osteopathy Diseases are related to an imbalance of muscles, ligaments, bones and joints Ostheopaths uses techniques to activate the self-recovery Blockage of lumbosacral junction (LANGEN et al., 2004) Vertebral blockage Reversible dyskinesia of a joint induced by muscular imbalances In contrast to a vertebral blockade which is irreversible Genesis mostly caused by permanent physiological distress Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 4
5 2. Methods 2. Methods 289 anamnesis questionnaires of a professionally mobile osteopath for horses Test of muscle tension, mobility and position of vertebrae Two-tailed Fisher s exakt test, p<0.1 Two parts of the study: 1. Influence of a single riding style, group size n>45 2. Influence of the combination of riding styles, in some cases n<5 Absolute frequency of the number of horses in the different riding styles Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 5
6 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Dressage 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Percentage of vertebral blockages of (non-/) dressage horses (*p<0,1, **p<0,05) keine Dressur Dressur Significantly more vertabral blockages seen in pure dressage horses: C1**, C2**, C6*, TH12*, L1*, L2* Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 6
7 Common horse riding mistakes Absolute Elevation (Over collection) LDR (Curled Neck, Rollkur ) HEUSCHMANN (2015) redesigned by Sarah Müller Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 7
8 Correct riding is enough! * *Paul Stecken Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 8
9 3.2. Showjumping 0,25 0,2 0,15 Percentage of vertebral blockages of (non-/) jumping horses (*p<0,1) 0,1 0,05 0 AOÜ* CTÜ TH14 TH15 TH16* TH17* TH18* LSÜ kein Springen Springen Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 9
10 Common horse riding mistake: Sitting behind the movement of the horse Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 10
11 Correct riding is enough! Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 11
12 3.3. Western Percentage of vertebral blockages of (non-/) western horses (*p<0,1; **p<0,05) 0,4 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0 AOÜ** CTÜ* TH1 TH2 TH3 TH4 TH5 TH6 TH7 TH8 TH9 TH10* TH11 TH12 TH13 TH14 TH15 TH16 TH17 TH18 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 LSÜ* kein Western Western Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 12
13 Common horse riding mistake: Riding with the head in a hanging position Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 13
14 Correct riding is enough! Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 14
15 Common horse riding mistake: Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 15
16 Correct riding is enough! Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 16
17 3.4. Groundwork Percentage of vertebral blockages of (non-/) groundwork horses (*p<0,1; **p<0,05, ***p<0,001) 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 AOÜ* C1** C2*** C3** C4* C5** C6** C7** CTÜ** TH3** TH10* TH11** TH12** TH16** TH17** TH18** L1*** L3*** L4*** L5*** L6*** Keine Bodenarbeit Bodenarbeit Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 17
18 Gymnastic Groundwork on the lunge The rider directly sees the movements of the horse and can help the horse to find its balance Horse learns to supple and straighten its body Muscle development without the weight of the rider Prevention of permanent physiological distress Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 18
19 3.5. Dressage and groundwork Significantly less vertebral blockages at cervical and thoracic spine Establishment of aids you need for riding in the groundwork Muscle development without adding the weight of the rider Recommendation to prevent blockages: Firstly, start and rehabilite with groundwork Varied training disciplines attended with a good trainer Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 19
20 3.6. Need for research Tighter definition of the riding styles: Dressage style of FEI/ academic/ Height of the obstracles Western Horsemanship/Reining/Pleasure/Cutting/Trail/ Groundwork in the form of lunge the horse, free jumping, going for a walk, in hand working Tighter definition of training: Frequency Intensity Niveau Methods Focus Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 20
21 Thank you for your attention! Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 21
22 Angaben in % AOÜ C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 CTÜ Nicht gearbeitet 23,6 60,0 58,2 63,6 60,0 52,7 43,6 41,8 17,6 reines Springpferd 14,3 71,4 71,4 64,3 57,1 57,1 57,1 57,1 18,2 reines Dressurpferd 16,7 83,8** 86,5** 75,7 75,7 62,2 62,2* 54,1 8,8 Dressur, Springen 12,9* 74,2 74,2 77,4 67,7 54,8 48,4 38,7 29,6* reines Westernpferd 58,8** 58,8 58,8 64,7 52,9 52,9 47,1 58,8 41,2** Western, Dressur 33,3 66,7 66,7 66,7 66,7 50,0 50,0 50,0 16,7 reines Bodenarbeitspferd Bodenarbeit, Springen 16,3 52,3* 52,3* 56,8 63,6 47,7 38,6 43,2 10,3 0,0 50,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 Bodenarbeit, Dressur 11,8* 52,9 52,9 61,8 47,1* 38,2* 32,4* 29,4** 6,9 Bodenarbeit, Dressur, Springen Bodenarbeit, Western 9,1 58,3 41,7 41,7 41,7 25,0(*) 25,0 33,3 0,0 28,6 50,0 35,7** 50,0 50,0 28,6* 21,4* 28,6 8,3 Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 22
23 Angaben in % TH1 TH2 TH3 TH4 TH5 TH6 TH7 TH8 TH9 Nicht gearbeitet 12,7 12,7 12,7 14,5 14,5 14,5 12,7 14,5 14,5 reines Springpferd 13,3 13,3 26,7 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 reines Dressurpferd 18,4 18,4 23,7 23,7 23,7 23,7 23,7 21,1 21,1 Dressur, Springen 16,1 16,1 19,4 19,4 22,6 25,8 22,6 19,4 19,4 reines Westernpferd 29,4* 29,4* 29,4 35,3* 35,3 35,3 41,2** 41,2** 41,2** Western, Dressur 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 reines Bodenarbeitspferd Bodenarbeit, Springen 10,6 10,6 12,8 17,0 21,3 23,4 21,3 17,0 14,9 75,0(**) 75,0(**) 75,0(**) 75,0(**) 75,0(**) 75,0(**) 50,0 50,0 50,0 Bodenarbeit, Dressur 5,7 5,7 5,7* 8,6 8,6 11,4 8,6 8,6 11,4 Bodenarbeit, Dressur, Springen Bodenarbeit, Western 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 0,0(*) 0,0 Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 23
24 Angaben in % TH10 TH11 TH12 TH13 TH14 TH15 TH16 TH17 TH18 Nicht gearbeitet 9,1 10,9 10,9 12,7 14,5 14,8 16,7 16,7 16,7 reines Springpferd 20,0 26,7 33,3 33,3 40,0** 40,0** 40,0** 40,0** 40,0** reines Dressurpferd 23,7 26,3 28,9* 26,3 23,7 21,1 21,1 21,1 21,1 Dressur, Springen 16,1 16,1 16,1 16,1 16,1 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 reines Westernpferd 35,3** 29,4 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 Western, Dressur 28,6 28,6 28,6 28,6 28,6 28,6 14,3 14,3 14,3 reines Bodenarbeitspferd Bodenarbeit, Springen 8,5 6,4** 8,5 10,6 17,0 14,9 10,6 10,6 8,5 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 Bodenarbeit, Dressur 8,6 8,6 8,6 11,4 8,6 8,6 5,7* 2,9** 2,9** Bodenarbeit, Dressur, Springen Bodenarbeit, Western 16,7 16,7 16,7 16,7 16,7 16,7 16,7 16,7 16,7 7,1 7,1 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 24
25 Angaben in % L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 LSÜ * p<0,1 Nicht gearbeitet 25,9 25,9 25,9 24,1 24,1 24,1 1,9 ** p<0,05 reines Springpferd 26,7 26,7 26,7 26,7 26,7 26,7 7,7 (...) Erwartete reines Dressurpferd 31,6* 31,6* 23,7 15,8 15,8 15,8 2,6 Anzahl<5 Dressur, Springen 22,6 22,6 22,6 22,6 19,4 19,4 3,3 reines Westernpferd 17,6 17,6 17,6 17,6 23,5 23,5 11,8 Western, Dressur 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 0,0 reines Bodenarbeitspferd Bodenarbeit, Springen 4,3** 4,3** 4,3** 4,3** 4,3** 4,3** 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Bodenarbeit, Dressur 5,7** 5,7** 5,7* 5,7* 5,7* 5,7* 2,9 Bodenarbeit, Dressur, Springen Bodenarbeit, Western 8,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 9,1 21,4 21,4 21,4 21,4 21,4 21,4 0,0 Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 25
26 0,70 0,60 kein Gelände Gelände 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 AOÜ Halswirbel CTÜ Brustwirbel Lendenwirbel LSÜ Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 26
27 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 kein Freizeitreiten Freizeitreiten 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 AOÜ* Halswirbel CTÜ Brustwirbel Lendenwirbel LSÜ Judith Beier The influence of different riding styles on vertebral blockages of horses 27
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