Article. Abstract. Introduction ALEXANDRE P. AGUIAR 1,2 & BERNARDO F. SANTOS 1

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1 Zootaxa 3282: 1 41 (2012) Copyright 2012 Magnolia Press Article ISSN (print edition) ZOOTAXA ISSN (online edition) Additions to the revision of Digonocryptus Viereck (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with nine new taxa, new males, and distribution maps for all known species ALEXANDRE P. AGUIAR 1,2 & BERNARDO F. SANTOS 1 1 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari s/n, Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, Brazil, (aguiar.2@osu.edu) 2 Corresponding author Abstract Complementary revisionary information is provided to Digonocryptus Viereck. The males of D. inermis (Szépligeti) and D. sautatus Aguiar et Ramos are described for the first time, and nine species are described as new: D. arlequim Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov., D. hesperus Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov., D. insularis Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov., D. noxignis Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov., D. pontagus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov., D. zatheos Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov., and D. zopheros Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov.; because of the lack of a statement about the types depositories, two of the new names proposed by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) were unavailable, and the respective species are here described as new taxa, with indication of the type depositories: D. archisius Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov., and D. iageus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov. The original authorship is maintained, but the names are valid from the date of publication of this paper. New specimens and new distribution data are reported for D. arcaeus Aguiar et Ramos, D. atrozyrix Aguiar et Ramos, D. caceres Aguiar et Ramos, D. cennitus Aguiar et Ramos, D. chiriquensis (Cameron), D. coloratus (Szépligeti), D. crassipes (Brullé), D. denticulatus (Taschenberg), D. diversicolor (Viereck), D. domius Aguiar et Ramos, D. elegans Aguiar et Ramos, D. grossipes (Brullé), D. inermis (Szépligeti), D. inflatus (Brullé), D. mettus Aguiar et Ramos, D. propodeator Kasparyan et Ruíz, D. pulchripes (Cameron), D. rufigaster (Szépligeti), D. sautatus Aguiar et Ramos, D. silopoeus Aguiar et Ramos, D. sipius Aguiar et Ramos, D. sutor (Fabricius), D. tarsatus (Cresson), D. teleborus Aguiar et Ramos, D. thoracicus Kasparyan et Ruíz, D. variabilis Aguiar et Ramos, D. variegatus (Szépligeti), D. varipes (Brullé), and D. yunus Aguiar et Ramos. Illustrations of habitus and diagnostic features are provided for all new taxa and for seven other species, including new images for the males of six species, all of them illustrated for the first time. A total of 40 new distribution records are registered for 21 species, and distribution maps are provided for all 52 valid species of the genus. Key words. Distribution, parasitoid, Phygadeuontinae, wasp Introduction Digonocryptus Viereck (Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) is a common and speciose group of Neotropical parasitoid wasps. Specimens are often captured in Malaise traps and, most efficiently, in yellow pan traps (Aguiar & Santos 2010). The only reported host is a cerambycid beetle, observed by Sauer (1946). The genus can be recognized with the help of keys and illustrations provided by Townes (1970) and Aguiar (2005), and has been recently revised by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), to which the reader is referred for a complete introduction and taxonomic history. Since the publication of the revision (Aguiar and Ramos 2011), much new material of Digonocryptus has become available to the authors, which has provided an excellent opportunity to test the species proposed in that work. The major aim of this study is to complement the revision of Aguiar and Ramos (2011), presenting corrections, new data for males, a more detailed and extended treatment of the distributional data for all species, further discussion and illustrations for several species, and newly discovered taxa. Accepted by J.T. Jennings: 9 Mar. 2012; published: 27 Apr

2 Material and Methods This work incorporates data from 502 specimens of Digonocryptus, corresponding to 204 females and 298 males which were not examined by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). The Material examined section of each species treated herein lists only these new specimens. For the distribution maps, however, data from all 1077 specimens examined by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), as well as all previous records extracted from earlier literature, are also included. The acronyms used for the depositories follow Arnett et al. (1993), except for UFES, not treated by that author. AEIC, American Entomological Institute, USA (D. Wahl); AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, USA (J. Carpenter); BMNH, British Museum of Natural History, England (G. Broad); CNCI, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Canada (A. Bennett); DZUP, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil (G. Melo); MNRJ, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (F. Vivallo); MPEG, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil (O. Tobias); MZUP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (C. Brandão); RMNH, Nationaal Naturhistorische Museum, Netherlands (R. de Vries); TAMU, Texas A&M University, USA (R. Wharton); UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil (M. Tavares); ZSMC, Zoologische Staatssammlung, Germany (S. Schmidt). Methodological procedures and terminology are essentially those of Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Measurements of ovipositor length (not explained in Aguiar & Ramos 2011) were taken from the point where it first becomes visible (apex of last sternite) to the apex of dorsal valve. Geographical coordinates, when not available directly on the specimen s labels, were obtained mostly from geoloc ( or from the Global Gazetteer v.2.2 ( Distribution maps were generated using ArcView 3.2. In the sections Distribution and Material examined, countries are listed from north to south, as standardized by Zanella et al. (2000). Brazilian states are referred with their official abbreviations, as listed by IBGE, an official governmental institution, at When specimens are from different countries or states, provinces or departments, the full data is provided for the first specimen only; identical information for a same series of specimens is not repeated, being replaced instead by the statement same data and then followed by the unique data for that specimen. New distribution records are indicated as a superscript NR. Complete synonymic lists for all species are available in Aguiar and Ramos (2011), and need not be repeated here. Results A total of 35 species were recognized among the material examined for this study. Of these, 28 species were previously treated in Aguiar and Ramos (2011), and nine species are proposed as new. For two of the species described in the abovementioned work, however, the depository of the holotype was not cited, rendering the names unavailable according to ICZN (1999). These species, D. archisius Aguiar et Ramos and D. iageus Aguiar et Ramos, are treated below as new taxa. A total of 52 species are therefore recognized as valid to Digonocryptus. Digonocryptus Viereck Distribution. Neotropical region, from central Mexico to Uruguay (Fig. 100). There are no records for the caatinga, a vast, semiarid region of thorny shrub vegetation in northeastern Brazil, but it is unknown to what extent this might be due to insufficient sampling in that region. Digonocryptus arcaeus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. In one female (French Guiana, 05.XI.2010) the dorso basal yellow spot on the hind coxa is entirely lacking, so the coxa is fully reddish. Fore and mid tibiae vary from fully yellowish brown to almost entirely dark brown, sometimes even for specimens from close locations. For example, of 11 female specimens 2 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

3 examined from the Nouragues Reservation, one shows fore and mid tibia fully yellowish brown, while for all other they are 50 90% dark brown. The T2 of a female from Cochabamba (Bolivia) shows a faint, thin yellow stripe apically, contrasting with T2 entirely orange on all other observed specimens. Comments. The absence of a yellow area or spot on the hind coxa was unknown for this species, and will conflict with couplet 34 in the key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), but it does seem, however, to be an unusual record for the species. See also comments for D. diversicolor. Material examined. 14 females, 12 males. 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Nouragues Biological Station, St. Pararé, VII.2009, Malaise trap, S.E.A.G.; 1, same data except IX.2009; 3 1, same data except XI.2009; 1, same data except 05.XI.2010; 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Roura, Montagne des cheveaux, 16.XI.2008; 1, same data except 22.XI.2008; 1, same data except 18.II.2009, Malaise trap, S.E.A.G.; 1, same data except 25.III.2009; 1, same data except IX from BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, ZF-03 km 23 Res. 1112, 2º26 02 S 59º51 15 W, Fazenda Esteio, 3.III.1986 (RLE), Bert Klein leg., Malaise, (INPA). 1 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Coaraci, Fazenda São José, Pt. 7, 14.XII.2003, Malaise trap, JCardoso, JMaia; 1 from BRAZIL, Goiás, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Pt. 27, IX.2005, Malaise trap, APAguiar et al. (UFES). 1 from BOLIVIA, Cochabamba, Vila Tunari, BII.2001, Malaise trap, HHeider (CNCI). Distribution. Suriname, French Guiana NR, Peru, Brazil (AP, AM, PA, RO, MT, BA NR, GO), Bolivia NR (Fig. 49). Digonocryptus archisius Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Metasoma dorsally mostly or entirely black. Mesoscutum black, centrally, at level of tegula, with distinct, acuminate yellow spot. Subalar prominence entirely or mostly yellow. Propodeum background color red brown, orange brown or orange. Head black, with wide, complete yellow stripe around eye margin, although very narrow at malar space only; its width on supra-antennal area and temple about 0.3 of interocullar distance, on temples, yellow stripe margin projecting shortly but distinctly towards center; supraclypeal area yellow. Description. A full description and defense for the species can be found in Aguiar and Ramos (2011:19). This citation satisfies the conditions of Article of the ICZN (1999). Comments. The depository of the holotype was not mentioned in the original description by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). In order to validate this taxon, in accordance with Article of the ICZN (1999), its description is reiterated here, maintaining the original authorship. Etymology. The specific epithet is a free combination of letters, inspired by the name of the type locality. Material examined. Holotype VENEZUELA: Barquisimeto// Venez. V.9.81// H. K. Townes ; Digonocryptus// sp.9 Gupta. Right wings slide mounted; antenna apical half and mid right tarsomeres 2 5 missing (AEIC). Paratypes as listed in Aguiar and Ramos (2011) and another two 2 from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Nova Teutonia, m, I.1965, FPlaumann; pinned, missing left mid tarsus and apex of left antennae beyond white band, otherwise in good shape; 1, same data except I.1967; pinned, missing left fore t5 and left mid t3 5, otherwise in good shape. (UFES). Distribution. Panama, Venezuela, Brazil (ES, RJ, SC), Peru (Fig. 50). Digonocryptus arlequim Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. (Figs 1 4, 51) Description. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing 9.35 mm. Head (Figs 1 2). Ventral tooth of mandible slightly longer than dorsal tooth. Clypeus apical area delimited by smooth border, medially almost indistinct; clypeal margin medially with two minute teeth. Antenna with 25 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere V; five flagellomeres at least 50% white. Mesosoma (Figs 2 3). Pronotum glabrate, finely punctulate, with weak longitudinal wrinkles on collar and along dorsal margin; mesopleuron and metapleuron densely covered with short hairs with scarce, short hairs; mesopleuron mostly finely punctulate. Subalar prominence wide, suboval, keeled. Sternaulus complete, crenulate. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe absent, but delimited by faint strigation. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum medially shortly developed. Lower metapleuron rugulose. Propodeum: laterally and posteriorly to ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 3

4 posterior transverse carina, densely pilose; area in front of anterior transverse carina sparsely and weakly foveolate, medially with two very weak longitudinal ridges; posterior transverse carina complete, medially acuminate, sublaterally forming high, rounded apophyses; area between anterior and posterior transverse carinae with somewhat regular longitudinal wrinkles; area between posterior carina and petiolar foramen strigate-rugulose. Wings hyaline; fore wing cell 1+2Rs about as wide as high, pentagonal, 2r-m and 3r-m slightly convergent, 3r-m slightly longer, 3r-m mostly spectral; 2-M about as long as 3-M; vein 3-Cu 1.38 length of 4-Cu; hind wing vein Cub apically distinctly convex. Metasoma (Figs 2, 4). Postpetiole dorsally, at level of spiracles, flat; dorsolateral carina faintly suggested on posterior half, otherwise absent; ventrolateral carina strong on posterior half, otherwise only faintly suggested; median dorsal carina absent; petiolar spiracles in dorsal view not prominent. Ovipositor 1.27 length of hind tibia. Apex of lower valve apex with 14 teeth. FIGURES 1 4. Digonocryptus arlequim Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. Holotype female. 1, Head, anterior. 2, Habitus. 3, Propodeum, dorsal. 4, Metasoma, dorsal. 4 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

5 Color. Head orange, yellow and blackish; mesosoma and metasoma orange with multiple yellow marks. Head: tricolored; basolateral portion of clypeus, most of supra-clypeal area, scape ventrally and vertex, orange; mouthparts, clypeus centrally, and orbital band, except by interruption at malar space, yellow. Mesosoma: orange; collar, small mark on dorsal margin of pronotum, most of scutellum, subalar prominence, small ventral mark on mesopleuron, most of carinal triangle, dorsal mark on metapleuron and U-shaped mark on propodeum, yellow; all coxae with large whitish spots; fore and mid trochanters whitish; fore femora brownish with blackish marks; fore tibia brownish with dorsal face whitish; fore tarsus light brown, with whitish mark on t1; mid femur orange with extreme base and apex blackish; basal 0.4 of mid tibia and apical 0.7 of t1, whitish; apical 0.6 of mid tibia, basal 0.3 of t1 and t2 5, blackish; hind trochanter and femur orange with small blackish marks; basal 0.25 of hind tibia, apical 0.8 of t1 and t2 3, whitish; apical 0.75 of hind tibia, basal 0.2 of t1 and t4 5, blackish. Metasoma: T1 orange with complete posterior yellow stripe; T2 6 orange with medially interrupted yellow stripe, medial interruption progressively wider; T7 almost entirely yellow; T8 and S1 orange; S2 6 mostly yellow, with lateral orange marks. MALE. Unknown. Comments. A very characteristic species, with quite particular color pattern and propodeal structure among all known species of Digonocryptus; it can hardly be confused with any other species of the genus. Runs effortlessly to dichotomy 45 in the key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), where decision becomes ambiguous for the present species. At that point, however, the key will lead to only four species; the new species is immediately separated from the first two, D. inflatus and D. caraguatensis, by having a nearly complete orbital band (vs. fragmented), and from the other two by its hyaline wing (vs. with large central dark spot in D. pitchus) and the stout posterior transverse carina (absent in D. siraeus), with relatively long apophyses (vs. quite low on all other species mentioned above). Etymology. The specific epithet is a name in apposition, and derives from the Portuguese word for harlequin, in reference to the fragmented and colorful pattern of the body. Material examined. Holotype from ECUADOR, MorroMorro near Piñas, 1500 m, 22.VIII.1941 (AMNH). Pinned; left front leg from tibia and right hind t1 missing, t2 5 glued to label, otherwise complete, well preserved. Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 51). Digonocryptus atrozyrix Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. Fore wing length 10.2 mm; vein 3-Cu 1.41 length of 4-Cu; ovipositor 1.07 length of hind tibia. Antenna with 25 flagellomeres. Color: pronotal collar nearly fully taken by wide yellow stripe; yellow spot of mesopleuron and that of the upper metapleuron both about half the size of those observed on the holotype; lower metapleuron fully black. Fore tarsus black, basitarsus apex, laterally, with elongate yellowish spot/stripe; mid t3 4 (missing on the holotype) fully dark brown. Comments. This is the second specimen reported for the species. It is almost 30% smaller than the holotype, but the overall structure and color pattern, including apical infuscation of the fore wing, are essentially the same, and it runs easily to the corresponding species in the key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 1 female from COSTA RICA, Monteverde, Finca Canada, forest, 1500 m, 29.V 1.VI.1988, Malaise trap, BVBrown (CNCI). Distribution. Costa Rica NR, Panama (Fig 52). Digonocryptus caceres Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. Fore wing lengths 8.95, 10.25, 13.05, and mm. Two specimens with orbital band complete, not interrupted at malar space. Two smallest specimens with propodeum bearing a distinct yellowish spot centrally, inbetween posterior transverse carinae. Three largest specimens with posterior transverse carina faint but distinct and nearly complete. Metasoma progressively more dark reddish towards the base, or conversely more yellowish brown towards the apex. Comments. The new specimens expand considerably the known size range for the species, but otherwise fit quite well the characterization of the species provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), showing few morphological variation. The observed length of ovipositor to hind tibia length ( ) remained within the known variation for the species ( ). ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 5

6 Material examined. 4 females. 1 from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Jaboticabal, Cerrado, Pt. T2, 200 m, I.2004, SRViel; 1, same data except Pt. T2, 50 m; 2, same data except 20 m (UFES). Distribution. Brazil (MT, SP NR ), Bolivia, Argentina (Fig 55). Digonocryptus campygeus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 (Fig. 56) Comments. The examined specimen fits well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 1 female. URUGUAY, Dept. Tacuarembo, 40 km N.W. Tacuarembo. 2 9.II.1963, JKBouseman Collector (AMNH). Distribution. Brazil (RJ, PR), Argentina, Uruguay NR (Fig. 56). Digonocryptus caraguatensis Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 (Fig. 57) Comments. This is the second male specimen reported for the species, and fits well the description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). It is quite small (fore wing length 5.95 mm) and mostly brown, instead of reddishbrown as in the male paratype. Material examined. 1 male. BRASIL, Espírito Santo, Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Pau Amarelo [Primary Forest], X.2005, YPT, APAguiar et al. (UFES). Digonocryptus caraguatensis AMTedesco det./2008. Distribution. Brazil (ES NR, RJ, PR) (Fig. 57). Digonocryptus cennitus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. Very little. Fore wing length 14.0 and 14.2 mm. Differing from the holotype by the absence of yellow marks on scutellum (both specimens), yellowish dot at apex of propodeal apophyses not immediately distinct (specimen from Bolivia), and T3 with wider yellow stripe apically on each side of the apical margin (specimen from Bolivia) or only T7 with distinct yellow mark at apex (specimen from Peru). Comments. This species was previously known only from the holotype. The morphology of the two new specimens agrees largely with the original description, including the presence of a tiny whitish or yellowish dot at the apex of each propodeal aphophysis, which seems therefore to be of useful diagnostic value for the species. Material examined. 2 females. 1 from ECUADOR, Pichincha, Baeza, 1750 m, XI, MCooper, Cooper coll., BMNH(E) (BMNH). 1 from BOLIVIA, La Paz, Chulumani, Apa-Apa, 1 4.V.1997, yellow pan traps, LMasner (CNCI). Distribution. Peru, Bolivia NR (Fig. 58). Digonocryptus chiriquensis (Cameron, 1885) Comments. The examined specimens fit well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 3 females. 1 from PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, VIII.1938, FMHull; Frank M. Hull Collection, C.N.C. 1973, D. chiriquensis ACBRamos det/09 (CNCI); 1 same location, 10.II.1936, WJGertsch (AMNH); 1, same location except Parque Soberania, 7.7 km N on Pipeline road, 19.VI.1996, Gillogly & Schaffner (CNCI). Distribution. Panama, Costa Rica (Fig. 59). 6 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

7 Digonocryptus coloratus (Szépligeti, 1916) Comments. The examined specimens fit reasonably well the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 3 females. 1 from GUYANA, Bartica District, Kartabo, 16.V.1924 (AMNH). 1 from PERU, Rio Santiago, 02.XII.1924, F6140, H. Bassler, Collection Acc (AMNH). 1 from PERU, Montenegro, Bagua, Amazonas, 29.IX 02.X.1963, 350 m, Wygodzinsky (AMNH). Distribution. Guyana, Ecuador, Peru NR, Brazil (PA, MT) (Fig. 60) Digonocryptus crassipes (Brullé, 1846) (Figs 5 13, 61) MALE. As stated by Aguiar & Ramos (2011) males have tergites 1 7 with wide and complete yellow stripes (Figs 6 7), but it is relevant to note that the apical tergites might sometimes be considerably light colored, making the apical stripes difficult to note in such cases. This seems to be a tendency for males from the northernmost areas (Fig. 8). Morphological variation. FEMALE. The specimen from Trinidad (Maracca Valley) (CNCI) is somewhat atypical in coloration, with brown or orange brown on nearly all areas of the meso- and metapleuron which are usually black, and mid coxa and hind coxa and femur light reddish brown (217,137,43) instead of the more typical dark reddish brown (161,51,32). The overall coloration (Fig. 5) is even lighter than the variation shown in Fig. 146 of Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Comments. This species can be further characterized by the fact that most female specimens have T7 with a centrally interrupted yellow stripe which tends to form an incomplete or complete pair of rounded spots centrally (Figs 9 13). The presence of a longitudinal yellow stripe laterally on T8 can also be considered somewhat characteristic, since it occurs only in a few other species of Digonocryptus. Erratum. In the revision of Aguiar and Ramos (2011), on page 31, line 4 of the section Comments, females of D. bidens are mentioned. This is a junior synonym, and the respective passage should read females of D. crassipes instead. Material examined. 30 females, 100 males. 1 from TRINIDAD, Maracas Valley, above Loango, montane rainforest, 600 m, 9.VI 22.VIII.1993, Malaise trap, SPeck & JPeck; 1 from TRINIDAD, Simla, nr. Arima, 250 m, 3 10.XII.1977, Malaise trap, WRMMason (CNCI). 2 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Coaraci, Fazenda Restauração, Pt. 7, 26.XI.2002, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia; 1, same data except Firmino Alves, Fazenda Bela Vista, 23.XI.2002; 1, same data except Fazenda Santo Antônio, Pt. 6, 9.IV.2003; 1, same data except Itacaré, Fazenda Miramar, 30.IX.2002; 1, same data except Itororó, Fazenda Santa Cruz, pt. 1, 24.VIII.2003; 1, same data except Uruçuca, Fazenda Guarani, Pt. 5, 12.XII from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Luz, Pt. 2, 18.XI.2003, Malaise trap, DPAmaral; 1, same data except Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza, Pt. 1, 31.VII 7.VIII.2002, JCRFontenelle; 1, same data except X.2002; 1, same data except 2 9.XI.2003; 1, same data except 27.X 2.XI.2004; 2, same data except 3 10.XI.2004; 1, same data except X.2005; 1, same data except 7 11.XI.2005; 1, same data except Pt. 2, X.2000; 1, same data except Pt. 3, X.2000; 1, same data except 14.XI.2002; 1, same data except Campolina, Pt. 4, 7 14.IX.2006; 1, same data except Fazenda Morro do Gavião, VII.2005; 1, same data except X.2005; 1, same data except Trilha do Gambá, Pt. 1, 16.XI.2000; 1, same data except Pt. 2, 26.X 2.XI.2003; 1, same data except Trilha do Vinhático, Pt. 1, VII.2001; 1, same data except 25.X 1.XI.2001; 1, same data except 2.X 2.XI.2003; 2, same data except Pt. 2, X.2002; 1, same data except 7.XI.2002; 1, same data except X.2004; 1, same data except Pt. 3, 28.X 4.XI from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Alfredo Chaves, Picadão, mata, 714 m, Pt. 5, 8 15.X.2007, Malaise trap, COAzevedo et al.; 1, same data except Atílio Vivacqua, Serra das Torres, Pt. 4, IV.2007, CWaichert et al. (UFES); 1, same data except Baixo Guandu, XI.1971, unknown, trap, CElias; 1, same data except Conceição da Barra, 19.VI.1969, CT & CElias; 3, same data except 25.IX.1969; 2, same data except 11.X.1969 (DZUP); 1, same data except Guarapari, Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, restinga, 4 m, Pt. 4, 9 16.XI.2006, Malaise trap, BCAraújo & MSantos; 1, same data except São Roque do Canaã, Alto Misterioso, ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 7

8 FIGURES Digonocryptus crassipes (Brullé). 5, Atypical female from Trinidad, head and mesosoma. 6, Typical male, from southern Brazil (RS, Pelotas), habitus. 7, Same, dorsal habitus. 8, Atypical male, from northeastern Brazil (BA, Itororó), metasoma, dorsal. 9 13, Apex of metasoma, to show color pattern variation on T6; specimens organized from northern to southern latitutes (9, Trinidad, Maracas Valley , Southeastern Brazil, MG/ES/ES. 13, Southern Brazil, SC). 8 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

9 Pt. 17, 2 11.XI.2007, CWaichert et al. 1 from BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, vertical (perpendicular to forest border), Pt. A1, VIII.2005, yellow pans, ALBPeronti (UFES). 2 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Colombo, Embrapa, BR 476 km 20, 2.II.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 2, same data except 24.XI.1986; 2, same data except 1.XII.1986; 2, same data except 15.XII.1986; 5, same data except Fênix, 2.X.1985, unknown trap, Exc. Depto. Zool; 3, same data except 1 3.X.1985, Malaise trap, AFYamamoto; 1, same data except Reserva Estadual ITCF, 15.IX.1986, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except 20.X.1986; 1, same data except 3.XI.1986; 1, same data except 2.II.1987; 1, same data except 2.III.1987; 1, same data except 23.III.1987; 1, same data except Guarapuava, Estação de Águas Santa Clara, 8.IX.1986; 1, same data except Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde, 6.X.1986; 1, same data except 20.X.1986; 1, same data except 27.X.1986; 1, same data except 10.XI.1986; 1, same data except Ponta Grossa (V. Velha), Reserva IAPAR, BR 376, 4.XI.1986; 1, same data except 16.IX.1986; 2, same data except Telêmaco Borba, Reserva Samuel Klabin, 10.XI.1986; 1, same data except 8.XII.1986; 1, same data except 29.XII from BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, XII.1976, ABento (DZUP); 1, same data except Nova Teutônia, 30.VIII.1948, FPlaumann; 1, same data except II.1967; 1, same data except 23.VI.1967; 3, same data except X.1967 (CNCI) 1, same data (DZUP); 4 5, same data except XI.1967; 1, same data except 3.XII.1967; 1 7, same data except XII.1967 (DZUP); 1, same data (CNCI); 1, same data except I.1968; 1, same data except 6.II.1968; 1, same data except 18.II.1968; 5, same data except II.1968; 1, same data except III.1968; 3, same data except XI.1968; 1 1, same data except XII.1968; 1, same data except III.1969; 2, same data except 14.IV.1969; 1 1, same data except IV.1969 (CNCI). 1 from BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morro Redondo, 101 m, 9.I.2004, Malaise trap, RFKrüger; 1, same data except Pelotas, 16 m, 5.XII.2003; 1, same data except 12.XII.2003; 1, same data except 16.I.2004 (UFES). 1 from PARAGUAY, Itapúa Karonay, 17 km W San Rafael Reserve, X.2000, flight interception trap, ZHFalin, (CNCI). Distribution. Trinidad, Brazil (BA, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS); Paraguay, Argentina (Fig. 61). Digonocryptus denticulatus (Taschenberg, 1876) Morphological variation. This is a very regular species. Considering the new distribution record reported here, which expands the known latitudinal distribution of the species to degrees (1,671 km), it seems impressive that specimens from these two extremes show only one visible difference: the petiole apex and T2 base are dark brown for northern specimens, vs. lighter brown in the south. Although a common event in Digonocryptus, Aguiar and Ramos (2011) have not demonstrated that the males of D. denticulatus are generally much smaller than females. For the present work, the length of the fore wing varied from mm (only smallest and largest specimens measured) which is approximately about half of that known for the female ( mm). Material examined. 26 females, 99 males. 1 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Coaraci, Fazenda São José, Pt. 7, 26.XI.2002, Malaise trap, JCardoso, JMaia; 1, same data except Ibicaraí, Fazenda Nova Patioba, 22.VIII.2002 (UFES). 1 from BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Paineiras, XI.1953, NSantos, col. 278 (MNRJ). 1 from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Barueri, V.1967, KLenko (DZUP). 1 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Sapitanduva, 20.X.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 2, same data except Colombo, Embrapa, BR 476, Km 20, 24.XI.1986; 1, same data except 2.II.1987; 1, same data except Fênix, 2.X.1985, unknown trap, Exc. Dep. Zoo.; 1, same data except Reserva Estadual ITCF, 20.X.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except 10.XI.1986; 1, same data except Guarapuava, Estação de Águas Santa Clara, 24.XII.1976, unknown trap, VGraf; 1, same data except 1.IX.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 2, same data except 6.X.1986; 1, same data except 3.XI.1986; 2, same data except 10.XI.1986; 1, same data except 15.XI.1986; 1 2, same data except 17.XI.1986; 2, same data except 24.XI.1986; 1, same data except 27.IX.1986; 1, same data except Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde, 1.IX.1986; 1, same data except 1.IX.1986; 1, same data except 6.X.1986; 2, same data except 13.X.1986; 1, same data except 20.X.1986; 1, same data except 3.XI.1986; 1, same data except 10.XI.1986; 2, same data except 24.XI.1986; 1, same data except 1.XII.1986; 1, same data except 30.III.1987; 1, same data except Ponta Grossa (V. Velha), Reserva IAPAR, BR 376, 15.IX.1986; 1, same data except 6.X.1986; 2, same data except 13.X.1986; 1, same data except 20.X.1986; 2, same data except 3.XI.1986; 2, same data except 10.XI.1986; 5, same data except ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 9

10 24.XI.1986; 2, same data except 1.XII.1986; 1, same data except 8.XII.1986; 1, same data except 15.XII.1986; 1, same data except 22.XII.1986; 1, same data except 19.I.1987; 1, same data except 2.II.1987; 2, same data except 9.III.1987 (DZUP); 1, same data except Rolândia, XI.1947, AMaller (AMNH); 1, same data except Telêmaco Borba, 27.VII.1987, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except Reserva Samuel Klabin, 6.X.1986; 1, same data except 27.X.1986; 3, same data except 3.XI.1986; 5, same data except 24.XI.1986; 2, same data except 1.XII.1986 (DZUP). 1 from BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia, 30.XI.1938, FPlaumann (BMNH); 1, same data except II.1966; 1, same data except II.1967; 1, same data except V.1967; 1, same data except 23.VII.1967 (CNCI); 1, same data except IX.1967; 10, same data except X.1967 (DZUP); 1, same data (CNCI); 1, same data except XI.1967; 4, same data except XII.1967 (DZUP); 1, same data except 29.I.1968; 3 1, same data except I.1968; 7, same data except II.1968; 5, same data except XI.1968; 1, same data except I.1969; 2, same data except III.1969; 2 2, same data except IV.1969 (CNCI). 1 from BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morro Redondo, 101 m, 14.II.2003, Malaise trap, RFKrüger; 1, same data except Pelotas, 16 m, 14.XI.2003; 1, same data except 5.XII.2003; 1, same data except 12.XII.2003 (UFES); 1, same data except Santa Maria, 11.V.1973, unknown tap, SCarvalho (DZUP). 1 without locality labels (DZUP). Distribution. Brazil (BA NR, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) (Fig. 62). Digonocryptus diversicolor (Viereck, 1913) Morphological variation. Hind coxa dorso-basally with diffuse yellowish spot on females from Venezuela (a small streak, right coxa only) and Ecuador (distinct spot, both coxae), and with distinct yellow mark surrounded by dark brown area on the female from Trinidad. The male from Sooretama is unusually large (fore wing 9.5 mm), and its hind coxa dorso basally also shows a distinct yellow area. Comments. The presence of a yellow area or spot on the hind coxa was unknown for this species, and will conflict with couplet 34 in the key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). It does seem, however, to be unusual for the species. In one female (from Venezuela) it is subtle and present on one of the hind coxae only. This feature does have some taxonomic value, but it is not absolute. See also comments for D. arcaeus. Material examined. 3 females, 13 males. 1 from TRINIDAD, Arima Valley, m, II.1964, Rozen & Wygodzinsky (AMNH). 1 from COLOMBIA, P. Cundinamarca, Monterredondo, 1250 m, 26.III.1961 (CNCI). 1 from VENEZUELA, Aragua, Parque Nacional H. Pittier, Rancho Grande, 1100 m, IV.1994, yellow pan traps, LMasner (CNCI). 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Nouragues Biological Station, St. Pararé, XI.2009, S.E.A.G. 1 from ECUADOR, Orellana, Payamino Research Station, tropical rainforest, 300 m, 20.VII 12.VIII.2007, Malaise trap, CPDTGillett, BMNG(E) (BMNH). 1 from PERU, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 18.I.1984, ATFinamore (CNCI). 1 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Itororó, Fazenda Santa Cruz, Pt. 8, 24.XI.2003, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia. 2 from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza, Pt. 2, X.2002, Malaise trap, JCRFontenelle; 1, same data except Pt from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Pau Amarelo, Pt. 18, X.2005, yellow pan traps, APAguiar et al. (UFES); 1, same data except Sooretama, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, 27.XI.1967, FOliveira (DZUP); 1, same data except São Roque do Canaã, Alto Misterioso, Pt. 17, 2 11.XI.2007, Malaise trap, CWaichert et al (UFES). 1 from BOLIVIA, Beni, Rio Mamoré, approx. 10 Km E San Antonio, 13.VIII.1965, JKBouseman (AMNH) Distribution. Trinidad NR, Colombia NR, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana NR, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (PA, MT, BA NR, GO, MG NR, ES, RJ), Bolivia NR, Paraguay (Fig. 63). Digonocryptus domius Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. MALE. Hind t1 dark brown on basal 0.5 only, remainder of t1 and entire t2 5 whitish. T2 brown instead of black. Comments. Female remains unknown. The male specimen reported here fits well the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). 10 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

11 Material examined. 1 male from COLOMBIA, Narino, Barbacoas, 50 m, 11.VIII.1984, MCooper, BMNH(E) (BMNH). Distribution. Colombia NR, Ecuador, Peru (Fig. 64). Digonocryptus elegans Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Comments. The examined specimens fit well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), including the occurrence of specimens with orange replacing some or most of the black areas throughout the body. Material examined. 7 females, 5 males. 1 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Firmino Alves, Fazenda Santo Antônio, Pt. 3, 17.VIII.2002, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia; 1, same data except Ubaitaba, Fazenda Casa de Pedra, Pt. 8, 13.XII from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza, Pt. 3, 26.X 2.XI.2003, Malaise trap, JCRFontenelle. 1 from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Jaboticabal, Cerrado, Pt. T1, 200 m, I.2004, SRViel; 1, same data except Pt. T2, 50 m; 1, same data except Pt. 2, 200 m (UFES). 1 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Sapitanduva, 11.VIII.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except 26.IX.1986; 1, same data except Fênix, 2.X.1985, Exc. Dep. Zoo.; 1, same data except Reserva Estadual ITCF, 15.XII.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde, 29.IX.1986; 1, same data except Ilha do Mel, Praia Grande, 13.VIII.1989, unknown trap, RDutra; 1, same data except Morretes, IAPAR, 8 15.X.1984, light trap, CIIF (DZUP). Distribution. Brazil (BA, MG NR, ES, RJ, SP, PR (Fig 65). Digonocryptus grossipes (Brullé, 1846) Morphological variation. Erratum: Aguiar and Ramos (2011) mention, for the female, a [h]ind coxa often (60%) nearly entirely black, sometimes (23%) gradually changing from basally orange to apically dark brown, but this actually refers to the hind femur; the respective coxa is dark orange. Comments. The examined specimens fit well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 6 females, 3 males. 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Res. des Nouragues, 04º04 18 N 52º43 57 W, 4.IV.2010, Malaise trap, S.E.A.G.; 1, Nouragues (Pararé), VII.2010, Malaise, S.E.A.G.; 1, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, X.2009, Malaise, S.E.A.G.. 1 from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Alfredo Chaves, Picadão, Mata, 714 m, X.2007, Malaise trap, COAzevedo et al. (UFES); 1 from BRAZIL, Roraima, Serra Pacaraima, BR-174, N W, 800 m, IX.1995, JARafael et al., Arm. Suspensa (INPA); 1 from BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia, 27º11 S 52º23 W, m, XI.1966, Fritz Plaumann; 1 and 1, same data except I.1968; 1, same data except 11.I.1968 (CNCI). Distribution. French Guiana NR, Guyana, Brazil (RR NR, PA, ES NR, PR, SC) (Fig. 66). Digonocryptus hesperus Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov. (Figs 14 17, 67) Description. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing mm. Head (Fig. 14). Ventral tooth of mandible about as long as dorsal tooth. Clypeus apical area delimited by sharp carina; clypeal margin medially with one tooth. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere V; seven flagellomeres at least 50% white. Mesosoma (Figs 14 15). Pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron densely covered with short white hairs; pronotum mostly strigate, otherwise moderately punctate; mesopleuron with oblique strigation. Subalar prominence small, narrow, not distinctly keeled. Sternaulus very deep, crenulate. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe absent. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum imperfectly developed medially (as a wrinkle). Lower metapleuron rugulose. Propodeum: densely pilose; area in front of anterior transverse carina mostly smooth; posterior transverse carina complete, distinctly and uniformly arched forwards, sublaterally forming scale-like apophyses; area between anterior and posterior transverse carinae with somewhat regular longitudinal wrinkles; ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 11

12 area between posterior carina and petiolar foramen centrally with transverse winkles, basally and laterally areolaterugulose. Wings very weakly infuscate; fore wing cell 1+2Rs about as wide as high, subrectangular, 2r-m and 3r-m subparallel, with about the same length, 3r-m mostly spectral; 2-M much longer than 3-M; 3-Cu 1.33 length of 4- Cu; hind wing vein Cub apically approximately straight. FIGURES Digonocryptus hesperus Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov. Holotype female. 14, Habitus. 15, Mesosoma, dorsal. 16, First metasomal segment, lateral. 17, Metasoma, dorsal. Metasoma (Figs 14, 16 17). Postpetiole medio-anteriorly flat; ventrolateral carinae weak; dorsolateral and median dorsal carinae absent; petiolar spiracles in dorsal view distinctly prominent. Ovipositor 1.20 length of hind tibia. Apex of lower valve apex with 13 teeth. Color. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black with orange and white marks. Head: black; mandible base with small orange spots; mouthparts white; orbital band distinct only as small whitish areas at 2h, 6h and 9 11h. Mesosoma: black; small marks on dorsal margin of propodeum and subalar prominence and most of scutellum, whitish; fore coxa blackish; fore and mid trochanters and femora, mid tibia and basal 0.4 of mid t1, dark brown; fore tibia and basal 0.7 of fore t1, light brown; apex of all t1, t2 3 and hind t4 white; mid and hind coxae dark brown with reddish hue. Metasoma: T1 3 basally black, apically reddish dark orange; 4 8 blackish, T4 5 with lateral whitish marks, T6 7 with complete posterior whitish stripes; S1 brown; S2 3 and S5 6 whitish with lateral brown marks; S4 almost entirely brown. MALE. Unknown. 12 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

13 Comments. Somewhat similar to other dark-bodied Digonocryptus spp. (D. banius, D. cennitus, D. noxignis sp. nov., D. sipius, D. yacamus). The small and white subalar prominence, contrasting with an otherwise fully black mesopleuron seems however unique within the genus. If stable, this feature alone can characterize the species. A stout and complete posterior transverse carina of propodeum also isolates the new species from all other mentioned above, except D. noxignis sp. nov., from which it is distinct by having the scutellum white (vs. black), coxae darkened fore coxa black, remaining coxae dark brown with reddish hue (vs. all coxae light colored, brownish orange), anterior and posterior transverse carinae bent centrally, otherwise straight, so that both look triangular (vs. distinctly curved, posterior transverse carina bell-shaped), orbital band absent posteriorly (vs. narrow yellow stripe at 2 3h and 5 6h), cell 1+2Rs with different shapes, and mandible teeth triangular, pointy, nearly of same length (vs. rounded, ventral tooth slightly longer than dorsal tooth). Etymology. From the Latin hesperus, meaning the evening star, in reference to the single small white spot on the fully dark mesopleuron. Material examined. Holotype from ECUADOR, Napo, Jatun Sacha Biological Station, 21 km E Puerto Napo, virgin rainforest, 400 m, 13.VII.1994, flight interception trap, FGénier (CNCI). Triangle mount; complete, in good condition. Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 67). Digonocryptus iageus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov. (Figs 18, 69) Diagnosis. Clypeal sulcus indistinct, clypeus continuous with supraclypeal area. Anterior area of propodeum covered with fine sculpturing, matt (Fig. 18). Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum absent. Mandible entirely black, without basal yellow spot. Mesosoma, except appendices, entirely dark red. Description. A full description and defense for the species can be found in Aguiar and Ramos (2011:43). This citation satisfies the conditions of Article of the ICZN (1999). Morphological variation. The female paratype designated herein was not originally examined by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Fore wing length 9.80 mm; ovipositor 1.27 length of hind tibia; vein 3-Cu 1.68 length of 4-Cu. White band of antenna starting with apical 0.2 of flagellomere IV. Mesopleuron mostly smooth, only with limited strigation. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe distinct. Longitudinal ridges in front of anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina more triangularly shaped; area posterior to posterior transverse carina distinctly pilose laterally, but with narrow, longitudinal glabrous area medially (Fig. 18). Color: Orbital band not interrupted dorsally; supraclypeal and supra-antennal areas black instead of dark red; pronotal collar yellowish, antero-laterally with black spot; T2 apical yellow stripe complete, T7 mostly covered by a very wide, complete yellow stripe. Comments. The depository of the holotype is not mentioned in the original description of the present species, by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). In order to validate the description of this taxon, in accordance with Article of the ICZN (1999), its description is reiterated here, maintaining the original authorship. Etymology. The specific epithet is a free combination of letters, inspired by the name of the type locality. Material examined. 2 females. Holotype ECUADOR: Abitagua, Ecuador// Rio pastazer 1000m// XI.4.39// W.Clarke.McIntyre ; near// Mesostenus// rufithorax// CWT 58 Tasch. ; Digonocryptus// sp.27// Tow.1966 (AMNH). Right wings slide mounted, left antenna entirely and right antenna beyond flagellomere 12 missing, metasomal segments 6 8 broken but attached to specimen; otherwise in good shape. Paratype from ECUADOR: Pichincha, Nambillo Valley, near Mindo, 1450 m, 08.VI.1987, MCooper (BMNH). In good shape. Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 69). Digonocryptus inermis (Szépligeti, 1916) (Figs 19, 68) Morphological variation. MALE. Fore wing length mm. Antenna with 31 flagellomeres, of them at least 90% white, starting with flagellomere VIII IX. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 13

14 Comments. This is the first report of the male for the species. Quite similar to female, the main difference being the presence of very regular stripes on all tergites of metasoma (Fig. 19). Fits well in the key provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 2 males. 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Nouragues Biological Station, St. Pararé, VIII.2009, Malaise, S.E.A.G.; 1, same data except XI.2009 (UFES). Distribution. French Guiana NR, Peru, Brazil (AM, PA), Bolivia (Fig 70). FIGURE 18. Digonocryptus iageus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov. Paratype female. Propodeum, dorsal. FIGURE 19. Digonocryptus inermis (Szépligeti). Male from French Guiana. Metasoma, dorsal. Digonocryptus inflatus (Brullé, 1846) (Figs 20 21, 71) Morphological variation. MALE. Variation not reported by Aguiar and Ramos (2011): Pronotal collar whitish, double white spots on T7 sometimes (3/8) partially fused, or sometimes (2/8) entirely contiguous, thus generating a transverse stripe. Comments. Aguiar and Ramos (2011) provided the first description of the male of this species, based on four specimens. Extra material examined herein indicate however that the male is generally more difficult to associate with the respective female than previously reported, presenting a generally quite distinct color pattern (Figs 20 21). Association with the female is here further defended based on the following: the female shows a slightly lighter, creamier color on the pronotal collar than in the rest of the pronotum, showing correspondence with the white pronotal collar of the male; the complex color pattern of all legs is identical for both sexes, including the characteristic mid tibia whitish on its anterior half only. 14 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

15 FIGURES Digonocryptus inflatus (Brullé). Male from Southeastern Brazil (Bahia). 20, Habitus. 21, Dorsal habitus. Dichotomy 9 of taxonomic key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) will not work for some of the males studied here, because these have the yellow stripe on apex of T3 of regular width. Males of this species can be diagnosed from other Digonocryptus spp. by the habitus illustration on Figs 20 21, and by the following combination of features: head and mesosoma mostly reddish brown; metasoma darkened, with three contrasting, spaced, whitish transverse stripes, placed on T1, T3 and T7; stripe of T7 sometimes centrally interrupted; mid tibia anterior half whitish, hind tibia black with basal white. Material examined. 3 females, 8 males. 1 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Camamu, Fazenda Nova Sorte, Pt. 5, 13.VIII.2002, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia; 1, same data except Pt. 6, 19.XI.2002; 1, same data except Ubaitaba, Fazenda Casa de Pedra, Pt. 3, 23.XI.2003; 1, same data except Pt. 5, 20.XI from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza, Pt. 2, X.2000, Malaise trap, JCRFontenelle; 1, same data except Pt. 3; 1, same data except Porco Capim, V from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Atílio Vivacqua, Serra das Torres, Pt. 8, IV.2007, Malaise trap, CWaichert et al.; 1, same data except Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Pau Amarelo, Pt. 13, X.2005, yellow pan traps, APAguiar et al. (UFES). No data: (INPA). Distribution. Brazil (BA NR, MG, ES, RJ) (Fig. 71). ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 15

16 Digonocryptus insularis Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov. (Figs 22 23, 72) Description. Holotype MALE. Fore wing 5.3 mm. Head (Fig. 22). Ventral tooth of mandible distinctly longer than dorsal tooth. Clypeus transition to apical deflected area a creased border; clypeal margin with two distinct tooth. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres, without white band (Fig. 22). Mesosoma (Fig ). Mesopleuron glabrous, 100% of cuticular surface visible, a series of about ten straight, delicate, parallel strigation extending from speculum to epicnemial carina (Fig. 23), mesopleuron otherwise smooth. Subalar prominence large, smoothly round, a oval structure (Fig. 23). Sternaulus deep, crenulated, ending at once, midway between epicnemial carina and base of mid coxa. Sulcus between sternaulus and scobe indistinct. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum small, developed centrally only, but distinct, thick. Mesoepimeron densely pilose. Lower metapleuron somewhat pilose, transversally strigate-rugulose. Upper metapleuron densely pilose. Propodeum area in front of anterior transverse carina smooth and polished, centrally without ridges extending from carina towards anterior margin, but with a few rugulosities; area behind carina obliquely pilose on each side. Propodeal apophyses inconspicuous, present as low scale-like structures, continuous with the complete, inverted V-shaped, well developed posterior transverse carina. Area between anterior and posterior transverse carinae obliquely rugose; area behind posterior carina irregularly rugose. Fore wing vein 3-Cu 1.40 times length of 4-Cu. Metasoma (Fig. 22). Postpetiole apex nearly flat; dorsolateral and median dorsal carinae absent; petiolar spiracles in dorsal somewhat prominent.t1 2 distinctly colliculate, T3 7 faintly allutaceous. Color. Head and mesosoma background color black, both widely taken by whitish to pale yellow areas; metasoma mostly orange. Lateral pattern in Fig. 22. Stripe of yellow around eye margin not interrupted; width on supra-antennal area and temple about 0.2 of interocular distance, taking entire width of gena ventral 0.4, then narrowing a little towards temple. Base of mandible widely whitish. Clypeus and entire supraclypeal area whitish. Prosternum, mesosternum, mesopleuron ventrally, subalar prominence, and entire mesepimeron, whitish; pectum, remainder of mesopleuron, including speculum, black; metapleuron whitish restricted to an elongate dorsal area. Pronotum dorsal margin laterally with distinct whitish stripe; collar fully whitish. Mesoscutum centrally, at level of tegula, with large, somewhat elongate whitish spot; tegula and scutellum fully whitish; mesosoma dorsally otherwise black. Propodeum as in Fig. 22, fully black. Fore coxa and trochanter fully whitish; mid coxa whitish with small brown spot dorso apically; hind coxa laterally, except basal apex, and dorsally on apical half, dark brown, otherwise whitish; mid and hind trochanter and trochantellus patterned in brown and whitish; femora from light orange with brown on anterior leg to fully orange on hind leg; fore tibia and tarsus and mid tibia yellowish brown, hind tibia brown, apex dark brown, mid tarsus brownish, hind tarsus dark brown. Metasoma: T1 basal 0.8 dark brown, apex and T2 4 dark orange, T5 7 yellowish brown. Wings hyaline, faintly shaded. FEMALE. Unknown. Morphological variation. Fore wing mm. Otherwise exactly as in the holotype. Comments. The examined males run to D. denticulatus in the key provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), but only with some difficulty. This is because they have the postscutellum entirely black, which would have to be ignored at couplet 31. They seem indeed closest to D. denticulatus, but definitely do not belong to this species, from which they can be differentiated by having a monocolorous antenna (vs. with distinct white band on males and females), clypeus entirely white, including its single marginal tooth (vs. margin and tooth black), mesosternum white (vs. black), postscutellum black (vs. pale yellow), and hind coxa white and yellow (vs. orange). The monocolorous antennae is also somewhat typical, since it represents a rarely observed feature within Digonocryptus. Furthermore, D. denticulatus seems to occur only in southeastern and southern Brazil, with numerous records for that region only (Fig. 60). This species is likely to be related to the two male specimens mentioned by Aguiar and Ramos (2011): [...] one from the Dominican Republic and one from the Virgin Islands (St. John) [...] distinctive color patterns suggest they might represent two undescribed species. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the Latin name insula, meaning island. In reference to the fact that the species is known only from a small island of the Lesser Antilles. 16 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

17 Material examined. 3 males. Holotype from DOMINICA, St. Paul Parish, Springfield ATRC, 24.V 9.VI.1996, Malaise trap, Doolish, Killian, Wilson & Wooley, 96/003 (TAMU). Triangle mount, complete, good shape. Paratypes (TAMU, UFES): 1, same data; 1, same data except 93/003 (TAMU). Triangle mount, smallest specimen missing a few apical flagellomeres on both antennae, otherwise both in good shape. Distribution. Dominica (Fig. 72). FIGURES Digonocryptus insularis Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov. Holotype male. 22, Habitus. 23, Strigate area on dorsal portion of mesopleuron. Digonocryptus mettus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. The most relevant variation is compared in detail on Table 1. As sorted, tabulated data hints on a possible gradation and perhaps correlations between geographical distribution, specimen size, number of flagellomeres composing the white band of antennae, and the color of the hind trochanter. Comments. The several new specimens examined allowed for an entirely new interpretation of this species in relation to D. propodeator Kasparyan et Ruíz, to which it is very similar. Type specimens could not be examined for D. propodeator, both by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) and for the present work. In spite of this, however, four specimens from Mexico examined for the present study match well the description of D. propodeator, while proving also to be consistently distinct from the set of specimens interpreted here as D. mettus. Based on this new set of specimens, it became clear that all differences indicated by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) between these two species are in fact useless to separate them. First, the number of teeth on the clypeus seems always equal to two on both species; the apparent single tooth of D. propodeator might be related to the fact that the teeth are very small and closely approximated, thus difficult to observe. A single tooth is mentioned only by Kasparyan and Ruíz (2005). Differences in the sculpturing of the mesopleuron and metapleuron, presence of ridges on the anterior transverse carina of propodeum, and fore wing length, all overlap or do not vary among the studied specimens. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 17

18 TABLE 1. Comparative data for the morphological variability of fore wing size, flagellomeres taken by the antennal white band (left antenna), and hind trochanter color, for D. mettus and D. propodeator, as observed for all available specimens of each species and sex. White on each flagellomere is annotated as a proportion from 0.0 (white absent) to 1.0 (fully white). Bar size is proportional to amount of white. Specimens ordered from smallest to largest total of white on antenna, first for females, then for males. Digonocryptus mettus can however be indeed defended as a distinct species based on the following differences. Both female and male have hind trochanter brown or light brown, rarely (1/20) somewhat dark brown, but never distinctly dark brown or black as in D. propodeator (also described and illustrated for the specimens studied by Kasparyan and Ruíz 2005); for the female only, white color present on variable extents on flagellomeres IV and XII XV (see Table 1) vs. restricted to flagellomeres V XI on D. propodeator. On both female and male the hind tibia apex has a dark brown mark which is larger laterally and mesally; for the female, the respective basitarsus on basal , and entire t5, are dark brown, contrasting with purely white remainder of tarsus. On D. propodeator the hind tibia has a dark brown to black mark at the basal apex only (both sexes); on the female, the hind basitarsus is light brown on basal , remainder of basitarsus, entire t2 3, and basal half of t4, brownish yellow (testaceous), t4 apical half and entire t5 dark brown. Males of both species share a nearly identical color pattern for the hind tarsus. Considering the particular phylogeography of Central American groups, it is also relevant to note that D. mettus seems restricted to South America, while D. propodeator appears to be endemic to the Mexican region. The male of D. mettus from Mexico listed by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) might perhaps correspond to D. propodeator. Material examined. 11 females, 7 males. 1 from TRINIDAD, 13 km S Arima, 2 km N Talparo, Quasnell farm, rainforest, 22.VII 8.VIII.1993, Malaise trap, SPeck & JPeck, (CNCI). 1 from TRINIDAD, 1.III.1964, WRThompson. 2 from TRINIDAD, Curepe, XI.1977, Malaise trap; 1, same data except XI.1977; 1, same data except 31.XI.1978; 2, same data except I from TRINIDAD, Simla, nr. Arima, 250 m, 25.XI 3.XII.1977, Malaise trap, WRMMason; 1, same data except 3 10.XII from ECUADOR, Pichincha, 47 km S Santo Domingo, Rio Palenque Station, VII.1976, SPeck & JPeck (CNCI). 1 and 1 from BRAZIL, Bahia, Firmino Alves, Fazenda Bela Vista, 23.XI.2002, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia; 1 from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, 1 2.V.2005, YPT, APAguiar et al. (UFES). Distribution. Trinidad NR, Ecuador, Brazil NR (Fig. 74). 18 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

19 Digonocryptus noxignis Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov. (Figs 24 26, 77) Description. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing 9.90 mm. Head (Figs 24 25). Ventral tooth of mandible slightly shorter than dorsal tooth, both teeth rhombic. Clypeus apical area delimited by brief incision; clypeal margin medially with one tooth. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere V; six flagellomeres at least 50% white. Mesosoma (Figs 24, 26). Pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron densely covered with short white hairs; pronotum mostly strigate; mesopleuron mostly strigulate. Subalar prominence narrow, keeled. Sternaulus very deep, crenulate. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe very weak. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum imperfectly developed medially (as a wrinkle). Lower metapleuron rugulose-areolate. Propodeum: densely pilose; area in front of anterior transverse carina mostly smooth, medially glabrous; posterior transverse carina complete, medially arched forwards, sublaterally forming scale-like but moderately high apophyses; area between anterior and posterior transverse carinae with somewhat regular longitudinal wrinkles; area between posterior carina and petiolar foramen areolate-rugulose. Wings hyaline; fore wing cell 1+2Rs about as wide as high, pentagonal, 2r-m and 3r-m slightly convergent, with about the same length, 3r-m mostly spectral; 2-M about as long as 3-M; 3-Cu 1.42 length of 4-Cu; hind wing vein Cub apically approximately straight. FIGURES Digonocryptus noxignis Aguiar et Santos, sp. nov. Holotype female. 24, Habitus. 25, Mandible and clypeus, anterior view. 26, Propodeum, dorsal. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 19

20 Metasoma (Fig. 24). Postpetiole medio-anteriorly flat; dorsolateral carina only faintly suggested; ventrolateral carina weak, indistinct on sub-basal portion; median dorsal carina absent; petiolar spiracles in dorsal view weakly prominent. Ovipositor 1.23 length of hind tibia. Apex of lower valve apex with 13 teeth. Color. Head and mesosoma black with orange and whitish marks; metasoma dark brown with whitish marks. Head: black; mandible base and area surrounding it reddish brown; orbital band distinct as four narrow, pale yellow marks at 2 3h, 5 6h, 8 9h and 10 11h. Mesosoma: black; small mark on dorsal margin of pronotum whitish; all coxae and trochanters orange; fore and mid femora and fore tibia brownish orange; mid tibia, and basal 0.7 of fore and mid t1, light brown; apex of fore and mid t1, t2 and most of t3, whitish; hind femur reddish brown; hind tibia blackish except basal whitish mark; basal 0.5 of hind t1 and all t4 5, blackish; apical 0.5 of hind t1, t2 3, whitish. Metasoma: T1 3 anteriorly blackish, posteriorly brown; T4 8 dark brown, T4 5 with lateral whitish marks, T6 7 with complete posterior whitish stripes; S1 orange; S2 5 mostly brown, S6 whitish with small brown mark. MALE. Unknown. Comments. This species is most similar to the group of four dark-bodied Digonocryptus spp. delimited in the key of Aguiar and Ramos (2011) within dichotomies The new species can be immediately separated from all of them by having the posterior transverse carina of propodeum stout and fully developed (vs. incomplete or absent between apophyses). In addition, the 4-stripes structure of the orbital band of the new species does not occur in any of the other four species. Also different from the first two of those species, D. sipius and D. cennitus, by having all coxae orange (vs. black), and a single clypeal tooth (vs. 2), among other incompatible features. Most similar to D. yacamus, and then to D. banius, with both of which it also shares the light colored coxae and the orbital band with yellow marks. Distinct from these two species by having scale-like apophyses on the propodeum (vs. thorn-shaped in D. yacamus) which are fully black (vs. with white mark at apex on both D. yacamus and D. banius), and quite distinct color patterns on the tarsi (all tarsi different from those of D. banius, and fore and mid tarsi different from those of D. yacamus). In addition, the relative length of ovipositor (1.23 length of hind tibia) is higher than that of D. cennitus (1.10) and lower than for D. yacamus ( ). The hyaline fore wing of the new species is also incompatible with those of D. banius, D. cennitus, and D. yacamus. Also similar to D. hesperus sp. nov. for differences, see item Comments for that species. Etymology. From the Latin words nox (night) + ignis (fire); in reference to the fully black mesosoma contrasting with the bright orange coxae. Material examined. Holotype from ECUADOR, Tena, Libertad, V.1963, Pena (CNCI). Pinned; right antenna few apical flagellomeres and left hind tarsus missing, otherwise complete, in good condition. Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 77). Digonocryptus pontagus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov. (Figs 27 33, 80) Description. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing 11.4 mm. Head (Figs 27, 31 32). Ventral tooth of mandible approximately as long as dorsal tooth. Clypeus apical area delimited by smooth border; clypeal margin with two distinct teeth. Antennae with 26 and 27 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere IV apical 0.2; 6 flagellomeres at least 50% white. Mesosoma (Figs 27 28, 32). Pronotum latero-dorsally weakly punctulate, otherwise strongly rugose, except collar smooth or weakly sculptured; epomia long, stout; dorsally with shallow transverse depression between collar and posterior wall. Mesonotum somewhat markedly, densely alutaceous, of matt, powdery texture; centrally and posteriorly, in between notauli, changing to densely rugulose; sulcus between mesonotum and scutellum deep, distinctly crenulate. Scutellum covered by small punctures separated by about half their diameter. Mesopleuron scarcely pilose, 90% of cuticular surface visible; entirely and conspicuously striate-rugose. Subalar prominence somewhat elongate, but rounded, not keeled. Speculum swollen. Sulcus between sternaulus and scobe faint but distinct under tangent illumination. Sternaulus crenulate, posteriorly more irregularly. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum present as largest crenulation of discrimen, accompanied laterally by a few oblique rugosities. Lower metapleuron striate-rugose. Propodeum: area in front of anterior transverse carina finely colliculate (minute, low, rounded elevations; looks alutaceous under low magnification), centrally with two ridges extending from carina to anterior margin, thus approximately U-shaped; area within U-shaped carinae moderately deepened, surface alutaceous; a blunt tooth or acuminate border forms on each end of the U. Propodeal apophyses long, stout thorns, apex rounded and slightly curved. Posterior transverse carina entirely absent. Propodeum behind anterior 20 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

21 transverse carina strongly rugose, near carina more oblique, near petiolar foramen more transverse. Fore wing vein 3-Cu 1.37 times the length of 4-Cu. FIGURES Digonocryptus pontagus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov , Holotype female: 27, Habitus; 28, Propodeum, dorsal. Drawings by Gláucia Marconato , Paratype male: 29, Habitus; 30, Propodeum, dorsal. Metasoma (Figs 27, 32 33). Petiole dorso-apically and postpetiole dorsally, on area between median dorsal carinae, shallowly but distinctly concave. Dorsolateral and median dorsal carina distinct, complete, weak basally; petiolar spiracles in dorsal view not prominent. Apex of lower valve with 15 teeth. Ovipositor 0.97 length of hind tibia. Color. Dark brown with slight reddish hue (120,051,051). Lateral color pattern in Figs 27, 32. Head more lightly colored than body, scape and first two flagellomeres brown, third flagellomere from basally brown to apically dark brown, other flagellomeres black, except for white band. Labrum light brown. Eye margin between 9 10 h with small yellowish spot. Propodeum as in Figs 27 28, 32, apophyses white, except basally. All femora colored as body, but fore femur lighter, hind femur more intensely red. Fore tibia dorsal half light brown, ventral half pale yellow. Mid tibia lateral half beige (199,167,133), mesal half dark brown. Hind tibia basal 0.2 translucent brown, remaining dark brown. Fore t1 2 brown, t3 5 dark brown. Mid t1 3 white, except t1 basal end brown, t3 apex with brown spot on each side; t4 5 dark brown. Hind t1 5 white, except t5 apical 0.3 dark brown. Metasoma dorsally somewhat lighter than mesosoma, T1 more red, T2 as mesosoma, T3 8 lightest (162,077,051). MALE (Figs 29 30). Generally quite similar to the female, except as follows. Propodeal apophyses much lower, although still somewhat pointy and whitish. Antenna with 32 flagellomeres, white band starting at flagellomeres X XI, then with 3-5 white flagellomeres, at least the 3 central ones fully white; flagellomeres basad of white stripe much longer than those apicad of it (combined length over twice as long). Whitish on entire supraclypeal area, pronotal collar largely, subalar prominence, most of scutellum, particularly laterally, fore and mid coxae mostly. Morphological variation. Fore wing mm. Ovipositor length of hind tibia. Antenna in one paratype with 28 flagellomeres; white band often (9/12) starting at flagellomere IV apical , V X always fully white, XI sometimes (7/12) white on basal Mid t1 basal 0.3 and t3 apical 0.2 sometimes dark brown. Specimen from Nova Teutonia with metasoma slightly darker than mesosoma. Female from Rio de Janeiro more reddish than others specimens. Comments. This species is here tentatively classified as Digonocrytpus. On the holotype, the petiolar spiracle is at the apical 0.41, thus distinctly beyond middle, which is somewhat atypical for the genus; the range for the paratype specimens is (n=6). In all specimens, the lower valve of the ovipositor is apically only slightly dilated, barely overlapping the upper valve (Fig. 33). All other features, however, including ovipositor structure, fit best the definition of Digonocryptus. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 21

22 FIGURES Digonocryptus pontagus Aguiar et Ramos, sp. nov. Paratype female. 31, Ventral portion of the head, front. 32, Habitus. 33, Ovipositor tip. The brown coloration covering most of the body of this species makes it similar only to D. teleborus, from which it can however be promptly distinguished particularly by having a long, thorn-shaped and mostly white propodeal apophysis (vs. scale-shaped, low, triangular, basally pale yellow), and two small but distinct clypeal teeth (vs. absent or inconspicuous, incompletely developed). Male. The interpretation of the present series of males as D. pontagus and not as the similar D. teleborus needs a defense, since it is not straightforward. In fact, there is one female of the similar D. teleborus reported herein which was collected in the same locality as the males of D. pontagus, only about a month earlier (on 11.VIII.1986 vs. 15.IX 24.XI for the males). They share a blackish hind tibia which is basally white, scape and pedicel are light brown, contrasting with black flagellomere I (vs. brown and not contrasting in female D. pontagus) and the white stripe on the pronotal collar of the males seems to find some equivalence on yellowish areas on the pronotal collar of the mentioned female. Such similarities suggest the possibility these specimens could be conspecific. Both the males and the mentioned female also deviate a little from the typical pattern of D. pontagus and D. teleborus, respectively, in each case towards the other species, in a kind of local, ecomorphological convergence (probably not only mimicry, since it occurs on both sides) which is not uncommon within Cryptini (personal observation). In this case, the female has an overall body color darker and nearly without orange, as in typical D. pontagus, and males have hind tibia blackish with basal end white, more typical of D. teleborus. The studied males do have however much more in common with features observed for the female of D. pontagus: clypeal tooth small 22 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

23 but distinct (vs. indistinct), mid t2 4 whitish (t1 3 on female vs. whole tarsus brown in D. teleborus), propodeal apophysis short but pointy and white, contrasting with color of propodeum (vs. scale-shaped and brown, concolorous with propodeum); posterior transverse carina fully absent (vs. clearly indicated medially); and presence of delicate vertical rugulosities on supraclypeal area (vs. absent). As pointed in the item Morphological variation, there are also some marked color differences on all males in relation to the female, but these are also different in relation to the female of D. teleborus. Etymology. The specific epithet is a free combination of letters, inspired on the name of the type locality. Material examined. 17 females, 9 males. from BRAZIL, Ponta Grossa, Vila Velha, PR, Reserva IAPAR Br376, 19.I.1987, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap (DZUP). Pinned, complete specimen, in good shape. Paratypes: 1 from ECUADOR, Tena, Libertad, V.1963, Pena (CNCI). from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, Morro São Domingos, 29.II.1968, JBecker, ORoppa & OLeoncini (MNRJ). 1 from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Pt. 7, IV.2005, yellow pan traps, APAguiar et al.; 1, same data except Pau Amarelo, Pt. 7, X.2005; 1, same data except Pt. 15, X.2005; 1, same data except Pt. 18; 1, same data except Conceição do Castelo, Ribeirão do Meio, trail near lake, III.2007, Malaise trap, APAguiar et al. (UFES). 1 from BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Estadual do Desengano, Trilha, Pt. 6, IV.2002, Malaise trap, AMPenteado-Dias et al.(dcbu); 1, same data except Pt. 6, IV.2002; 1, same data except Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Pt. A4, 31.X 5.XI.2004, Malaise trap, ALBG Peronti et al. (UFES).1 from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Trilha dos Pilões, Pt. B10, 3 6.IV.2001, yellow pan traps, STPAmarante et al. (MZUP). 5 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Ponta Grossa, V[ila] Velha, PR, Reserva IAPAR, BR 376, 15.IX.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except 29.IX.1986; 1, same data except 6.X.1986; 1, same data except 3.XI.1986; 2, same data except 3.XI.1986; 1, same data except 10.XI.1986; 2, same data except 24.XI.1986; 1, same data except 9.III.1987; 1, same data except 23.III.1987; 1, same data except 30.III.1987; 1, same data except 8.VI.1987 (DZUP). 2 from BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia, 9.II.1939, FPlaumann (BMNH); 1, same data except 2.III.1947 (AEIC). Distribution. Brazil (MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC) (Fig. 80) Digonocryptus propodeator Kasparyan et Ruíz, 2005 Morphological variation. See Table 1 (under D. mettus). Comments. This species is very similar, and apparently closely related to D. mettus Aguiar et Ramos. The differences between them pointed by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) are useless, but these species do seem to be distinct see item Comments for D. mettus. Material examined. 3 females, 1 male. 2 from MEXICO, Veracruz, Catemaco, 335 m, VI.1969, WRMMason. 1 from MEXICO, Chiapas, 20 mi N. Huxtla, 914 m, 3.VI.1969, WRMMason; 1 from MEXICO, Chiapas, Muste, near Huixtla, 440 m, 21.IX.1970, Malaise trap, Welling (CNCI). Distribution. Apparently restricted to Mexico (Fig. 81). Digonocryptus pulchripes (Cameron, 1886) Morphological variation. The truly smooth mesopleuron, without any trace of strigation is cited as characteristic for this species by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), but a narrow, sinuous stripe of delicate strigation is noticeable on the female reported here. Orbital band widely interrupted ventrally, between 4 8 h (vs. previously reported as briefly interrupted at malar space only); mesosoma uniformly reddish brown (vs. typically lighter laterally than dorsally); clypeus pale yellow centrally, otherwise black, clypeal suture and supraclypeal area black (vs. all these areas whitish); tegula mostly dark brown but posterior corner bright yellow (vs. fully dark brown); scutellum reddish (vs. milky); fore coxa black (vs. whitish), mid coxa mostly dark brown except basally reddish brown (vs. whitish), hind coxa reddish with apex dark brown (vs. reddish brown also at apex and yellow spot dorso-basally); mid and hind femur fully black (vs. basal half reddish). There are also other minor variations on hind tibia and t1 color. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 23

24 Comments. This species belongs to the D. inflatus species group, for which all species show intense variation in color patterns and other morphological features. Even so, the single examined specimen shows a considerable amount of variation for the species; the fore and mid coxae mostly black, for example, represent a unique feature among Digonocryptus spp. with light colored mesosoma. This specimen also represents the southernmost record for D. pulchripes, the first in South America. This might all be suggestive of a possible new species, but proposing it now would be premature, since only one specimen is available, the morphological variability for all the species in this group is quite high and difficult to interpret, and important features do fit best the present species, such as the entire structure and color pattern of the propodeum and metasoma. Material examined. 1 female from ECUADOR, Pichincha, Santo Domingo, Tandapi, 1500 m, 23.XII.1975, WSchacht (ZSMC). Distribution. Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador NR (Fig. 82). Digonocryptus rufigaster (Szépligeti, 1916) (Figs 34 36, 83) Morphological variation. MALE. Specimens from Trinidad have yellowish T3 7 (Figs 35 36), a striking contrast with black tergites of typical males (Fig. 34). Comments. The key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) fails to work with the black color morph of the present species. This will become evident in couplet 37, that should lead to couplet 41 with specimens of D. rufigaster. Identification can however be safely based on the shape of the yellow mark on the propodeum, and on the accompanying, long, stout, complete posterior transverse carina. The examined specimens otherwise fit well the description presented by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), including the report on the complex morphological variation of the species. Material examined. 24 females, 10 males. 1 from TRINIDAD, Simla, nr. Arima, 250 m, 25.XI 3.XII.1977, Malaise trap, WRMMason; 2, same data except 3 10.XII.1977 (CNCI). 1 from GUYANA, Bartica, Kartabo, 8.IV.1924 (AMNH). 2 from FRENCH GUIANA, Nouragues Biological Station, St. Pararé, IX.2009, Malaise trap, S.E.A.G.; 4, same data except X.2009; 4 WW, same data except XI.2009; 1, same data except 5.XI.2009; 1, same data except 19.II.2010 (UFES). 1 from ECUADOR, Sucumbios, Sacha Lodge, 270 m, 4 14.III.1994, Malaise trap, PHibbs; 1, same data except 30.IX 10.X from ECUADOR, Dureno, IX.1977 (CNCI). 1 from PERU, Panguana, Rio Llullapichis, right tributary of Rio Pachitea, 28.IX 6.X.2000, EBurmeister, EDiller, TKothe & WSchlang (ZSMC). 1 from BRAZIL, Pará, Taperinha, XI.1969, JCampbell & BCampbell; 1, same data except 18 km NE Oriximiná, 13.XI.1969 (CNCI). 1 from BRASIL, Bahia, Ilhéus, Fazenda São José, Pt. 5, 9.XII.2003, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia. 1 from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza, Pt. 3, 2.XI.2000, Malaise trap, JCRFontenelle; 2, same data except X.2002; 1, same data except Pt. 1; 1, same data except Trilha do Vinhático, Pt. 2, X.2000; 1, same data except X from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Atílio Vivacqua, Serra das Torres, Pt. 2, IV.2007, Malaise trap, CWaichert et al. (UFES). 1 from BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia, 18.II.1961, FPlaumann; 1, same data except II.1968; 1, same data except XI.1968; 1, same data except I.1969 (CNCI); 1, same data except X.1977 (DZUP). 1 from PARAGUAY, Caaguazú, III.1963 (CNCI). Distribution. Trinidad NR, French Guiana NR, Ecuador NR, Peru, Brazil (RR, AM, PA NR, RO, BA NR, MT, MG NR, ES, RJ, PR, SC NR ), Bolivia, Paraguay NR (Fig. 83). Digonocryptus sautatus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 MALE. Quite similar to female, except by fore wing length smaller, 6.55 mm, posterior transverse carina of propodeum fully absent, mesepimeron yellowish, hind t5 brownish, absence of vein stub between fore wing veins M and Rs, and metasoma color darker, orange brown. 24 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

25 FIGURES Digonocryptus rufigaster (Szépligeti). 34, Typical male specimen, from Southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais); metasoma, dorsal , Atypical male, from Trinidad, metasoma: 35, Dorsal; 36, Lateral. Comments. This is the first record of the male for the species. It fits well the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), but most qualitative features described above approximate the species even more of D. denticulatus. Nonetheless, some features are still convincingly disruptive: the fully black lower metapleuron of the present species (vs. large yellow area in D. denticulatus), and now, for the male, the absence of the posterior transverse carina of propodeum and its uniform sculpturing (vs. carina always distinct, even on the smallest specimens, often with two distinct sculpturing patterns anteriorly and posteriorly to carina). Material examined. 1 male from BOLIVIA, Beni, Rio Mamoré, approx. 10 Km E San Antonio, 11.VIII.1965, JKBouseman (AMNH) Distribution. Colombia, Bolivia NR (Fig. 85). ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 25

26 Digonocryptus silopoeus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 (Figs 37 38, 86) Morphological variation. A few females and all males showing some blackish areas on the mesoscutum (Figs 37 38). Comments. The examined specimens fit reasonably well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). The specimens with blackish areas reported here make this species even more similar to D. campygeus Aguiar et Ramos. Nonetheless, the diagnostic features originally proposed for both remain stable. Material examined. 10 females, 7 males. 1 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Colombo, Embrapa, BR 476, Km 20, 9.III.1987, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except Fênix, Reserva Estadual ICTF, 17.XI.1986; 1, same data except Ilha do Mel, 9.VII.1989, RDutra (DZUP). 1 from BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Arroio Grande, 101 m, 8.XI.2002, Malaise trap, RFKrüger; 1, same data except Capão do Leão, 7 m, 4.X.2002; 1, same data except 21.XI.2003; 2, same data except Pelotas, 4.X.2002; 1, same data except 3.I.2003; 1, same data except 10.I.2003; 1, same data except 15.VIII.2003; 1, same data except 27.IX.2003; 1, same data except 15.XI.2003; 1 1, same data except 5.XII.2003; 1, same data except 12.XII.2003 (UFES). 1 from URUGUAY, Tacuarembó, 40 Km NW Tacuarembó, II.1963, JKBouseman (AMNH). Distribution. Brazil (SP, PR, RS NR ), Argentina, Uruguay NR (Fig. 86). FIGURES Digonocryptus silopoeus Aguiar et Ramos. Specimens with black marks on mesoscutum, from southeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). 37, Female. 38, Male. Digonocryptus sipius Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. FEMALE. Fore wing length 7.3 mm (French Guiana), mm (Brazil), mm (Ecuador). Pronotal collar whitish on specimens from northern Brazil (Caxiuanã) and French Guiana. MALE. Fore wing length 8.1 mm. Supraclypeal area entirely blackish. Comments. All female specimens considerably smaller than fore wing length of mm reported by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 5 females, 1 male. 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Nouragues Biological Station, St. Pararé, XI.2009, S.E.A.G. (UFES) 1 from ECUADOR, Sucumbios, Sacha Lodge, 270 m, 27.VIII 10.IX.1994, Malaise trap, PHibbs; 1, same data except IX.1994 (CNCI). 1 from BRAZIL, Pará, Melgaço, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Trilha Igarapé Curua, P05083, XI.2003, yellow pan traps, APAguiar et al.; 1, same data except P05112, XI.2003 (MPEG); 1 from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Pau Amarelo, X.2005, Malaise trap, APAguiar et al. (UFES). Distribution. French Guiana NR, Ecuador NR, Peru, Brazil (AM, PA, ES, RJ, SP, PR) (Fig. 87) 26 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

27 Digonocryptus sutor (Fabricius, 1804) Morphological variation. In one specimen (Suriname) the posterior transverse carina of propodeum is faint but distinct and complete. This carina has only been reported as indistinct (Aguiar & Ramos 2011). Comments. The dorsal pattern of yellow stripes on the metasoma seems also of some diagnostic value between the present species and D. coloratus, with which it is quite similar. In D. sutor the yellow stripes are complete on T1 3 and then widely interrupted on T4 7, contrasting with an incomplete or indistinct stripe on T1 followed by all stripes complete or nearly so on T2 7 in D. coloratus. Material examined. 3 females. 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Roura, Montagne des chevaux, St. Pararé, VIII.2009, S.E.A.G. (UFES). 1 from BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, 6.III.1973, BVP & ETyson (CNCI). 1 from SURINAME, Kabelstation, 21.IX.1938, DCGeijskes (RMNH). Distribution. French Guiana NR, Suriname NR, Guyana, Peru, Brazil (AM, PA) (Fig. 89). Digonocryptus tarsatus (Cresson, 1865) Morphological variation. Fore wing 10.1 mm. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe distinct. Fore wing vein 3- Cu 1.63 length of 4-Cu. Ovipositor 1.41 length of hind tibia. All areas described as yellow by Aguiar & Ramos (2010) are white on the examined specimen. The following are dark areas not present on the specimen examined by those authors: propodeal area in front of anterior transverse carina fully dark brown; area behind posterior transverse carina with large dark brown spot centro-posteriorly. Identical otherwise. Comments. A single Cuban specimen was studied by Aguiar & Ramos (2010). The female reported here, also from Cuba, is very similar in all details described by those authors, except as indicated above. Morphometric proportions all also quite similar. Material examined. 1 female from CUBA, Santiago province, Gran Piedra, 1100 m, XII.1995, yellow pans, LMasner (CNCI). Distribution. Cuba (Fig. 90). Digonocryptus teleborus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. On all females, white band of antenna starting at flagellomere IV, which is white on its apical , V VII always fully white, VIII IX from partially to fully white. In one female, from Ponta Grossa (southern Brazil), the overall body color is darker and contains much less orange than in typical D. teleborus. Comments. Some degree of morphological convergence might occur with the similar D. pontagus when both species occur in sympatry see Comments for male of that species. Material examined. 9 females. 1 from BRAZIL, RJ, Teresópolis, Parque Nacional Serra dos Órgãos, 22º26 S 42º52 W, 31.X 05.XI.2004, Malaise trap, point A2, ALBG Peronti et al.; 1 same data except point A4 (UFES); 1 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Ponta Grossa (V. Velha), Reserva IAPAR, BR 376, 11.VIII.1986, Malaise trap, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR; 1 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Fênix, Reserva Estadual ITCF, 04.VIII.1986, Malaise trap, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (DZUP). 1 from BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia, 11.II.1960, FPlaumann; 2, same data except VIII.1966; 1, same data except XI.1966; 1, same data except VIII.1967 (CNCI). Distribution. Brazil (RJ NR, SP, PR, SC) (Fig. 91). Digonocryptus thoracicus Kasparyan et Ruíz, 2005 Comments. Fits well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Apparently a quite stable species, with reduced morphological variability. Material examined. 14 females, 10 males. 4 from MEXICO, Quintana Roo, Akumal environs, coastal scrub forest, 1 3.III.2004, yellow pan traps, LMasner; 2, same data except Xpu-Há, II from MEXICO, Veracruz, Catemaco, VI.1969, WRMMason; 1, same data except Sontecomapan, 20.VI ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 27

28 1 from BELIZE [ Honduras in the label, referring to the old name British Honduras of the country], Middlesex, 25.III.1965; 1, same data except 8.IV.1965; 1 1, same data except 12.IV.1965; 1, same data except 16.IV.1965; 1, same data except 25.IV.2965; 2, same data except 29.IV.1965 (CNCI). 1 from COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, Rincon Osa, VIII.1966, ARMoldenka (AMNH); TRINIDAD, 1 Aranguez, 19.II.1961, NGopaul; 1, same data except Caiman, 17.III.1961; 1, same data except San Juan, 16.III.1961, 1 from TRINIDAD, Curepe, 27.I.1978, Malaise trap (CNCI). 1 from FRENCH GUIANA, Nouragues Biological Station, St. Pararé, XI.2009, S.E.A.G.; 1, same data except 18.I.2010 (UFES). Distribution. Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Trinidad, French Guiana NR (Fig. 92) Digonocryptus variabilis Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Morphological variation. The examined female has subalar prominence quite narrow and elongate, almost keeled; otherwise, fits perfectly within the variability of the species as reported in Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 1 female from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Santa Leopoldina, Alto Rio das Farinhas, Pt. B4, V.2008, Malaise trap, CWaichert & Furieri (UFES). Distribution. Southeastern Brazil (RJ, ES) (Fig. 93). Digonocryptus variegatus (Szépligeti, 1916) Morphological variation. MALE. Fore wing length mm. Antenna with 27 flagellomeres, white band starting at flagellomere VIII apical 0.5, then entire IX-XV and basal 0.9 of XVI also white. Comments. The examined specimens fit well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). As commonly observed in the genus, but not registered by Aguiar and Ramos (op. cit.) for this species, the male is, in average, considerably smaller than the female. Material examined. 2 males. 1 from BELIZE [ Honduras in the label, referring to the old name British Honduras of the country], Middlesex, 1.IV.1965, ECWelling; 1, same data except 19.IV.1965 (CNCI). Distribution. Mexico, Belize NR, Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil (Fig. 94). Digonocryptus varipes (Brullé, 1846) (Figs 39, 95) Morphological variation. The female and one male have orbital band very narrow at 1h, but not interrupted between 12 3h as previously reported as typical for the species by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Two of the three males do show an equivalent interruption, but also less extensive than previously reported. Males with mesopleuron light orange brown (makes it difficult to note yellowish color of subalar prominence) and propodeum and metapleuron nearly fully orange. Axillar carina with large yellow spot on both female and male, not reported by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Comments. The specimens fit reasonably well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). The lightly colored mesopleuron and the nearly monocolorous propodeum of the observed males is somewhat atypical (Fig. 39). Material examined. 1 female, 2 males. 1 from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Alfredo Chaves, Picadão, mata, 714 m, 8 15.X.2007, Malaise trap, COAzevedo (UFES). 2 from BRAZIL, Paraná, Colombo, Embrapa, BR 476 Km 20, 1.XII.1986, Malaise trap, PROFAUPAR; 1, same data except Ponta Grossa (V. Velha), 3.XI.1986 (DZUP). Distribution. Brazil (MT, ES, RJ, SP, PR) (Fig. 95). 28 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

29 FIGURES 39. Digonocryptus varipes (Brullé). Male from southeastern Brazil (Paraná), habitus. Digonocryptus yunus Aguiar et Ramos, 2011 Digonocryptus yunnus [sic!]: Aguiar and Ramos 2011:3. Lapsus calami (incorrect spelling in the Abstract only). Morphological variation. Fore wing length mm, ovipositor length of hind tibia, vein 3-Cu length of 4-Cu. Orbital band interrupted between 4 5h in the smallest specimen (Sucumbios). Erratum. Aguiar and Ramos (2011) mention a [h]ind coxa black, except basal end reddish brown but this is actually referring to the hind femur. Comments. Previously known only from the holotype. The two new specimens fit quite well in the key and description provided by Aguiar and Ramos (2011). Material examined. 2 females. 1 from ECUADOR, Napo, Limoncocha, 12.III.1966, sweeping, RTFinnamore (UFES); 1 from ECUADOR, Sucumbios, Sacha Lodge, 270 m, 27.VIII 10.IX.1994, Malaise trap, PHibbs (CNCI). Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 97). Digonocryptus zatheos Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. (Figs 40 44, 98) Description. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing 7.83 mm. Head (Figs 40 41). Ventral tooth of mandible longer than dorsal tooth. Clypeus apical area delimited by smooth border, medially almost indistinct; clypeal margin medially faintly thickened but without distinct tooth. Antenna with 23 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere V; five flagellomeres at least 50% white. Mesosoma (Figs 40, 42). Pronotum glabrate, medially with strong longitudinal wrinkles; mesopleuron with scarce, short hairs; strigation turning from dorsally fine to ventrally strong. Subalar prominence narrow, elongate, somewhat keeled. Sternaulus very deep, crenulate. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe absent. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum imperfectly developed medially (as a wrinkle). Lower metapleuron ventrally densely pilose, entirely rugulose. Propodeum: scarcely pilose; area in front of anterior transverse carina sparsely foveolate, medially with two weak longitudinal ridges; area between anterior transverse carina and petiolar foramen with distinct, somewhat irregular transverse wrinkles. Propodeal apophyses present as distinct scale-like structures, posterior transverse carina raised medially as a crest, interrupted between crest and apophyses. Wings hyaline; fore wing cell 1+2Rs slightly higher than wide, pentagonal, 2r-m and 3r-m slightly convergent, with about the same length, 3r-m mostly spectral; 2-M about as long as 3-M; vein 3-Cu 1.92 length of 4-Cu; hind wing vein Cub apically slightly convex. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 29

30 FIGURES Digonocryptus zatheos Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. Holotype female, except paratype female on Fig , Left side of body. 41, Head, anterior , Propodeum, dorsal. 43, Paratype female. 44, Metasoma, dorsal. Metasoma (Figs 40, 44). Postpetiole dorsally with very weak subcircular concavity just posteriorly to spiracle level; dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae complete and strong; median dorsal carina distinct at spiracle level; petiolar spiracles in dorsal view distinctly prominent. Ovipositor 1.25 length of hind tibia. Apex of lower valve apex with 13 teeth. Color. Head and mesosoma brownish orange and yellow; metasoma blackish, orange and yellow. Head: brownish orange; base of mandible, clypeus centrally, supra-clypeal area dorsally, scape ventrally and orbital band interrupted only on malar space, yellow; apex of mandible and flagellum except white band, blackish. Mesosoma: brownish orange; mesoscutum with central blackish spot; collar, small mark on dorsal margin of pronotum, most of scutellum, small mark on postscutellum, subalar prominence, small marks on ventral mesopleuron and just ventrad to sternaulus, carinal triangle and somewhat W-shaped mark on propodeum, yellow; lateral face of fore and mid coxa with large whitish spots; fore and mid trochanters marks with brown and whitish; fore and mid femora orange, dorsally with brown longitudinal mark, anterior face with whitish mark; fore and mid tibia anteriorly whitish, posteriorly brownish; fore tarsus light brown; mid t1 and t3 4 blackish; t2 3 whitish; hind coxa with large posterior whitish spot; ventral face near apex with blackish mark; hind trochanter and trochantellus mostly blackish; hind femur dorsally orange, ventrally blackish; basal 0.2 of hind tibia whitish, apical 0.8 gradually changing from light brown to blackish; basal 0.4 of t1 and t5 blackish; apical 0.6 of t1 and t2 4 whitish. Metasoma: 30 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

31 T1 7 with posterior yellow stripe, otherwise sparsely marked with blackish and orange; T8 and S1 entirely orange; S2 6 marked with light brown and yellow. MALE. Unknown. Morphological variation. Paratypes fore wing mm; vein 3-Cu length of 4-Cu; and ovipositor length of hind tibia. Antenna with 22 flagellomeres, white band with 9, starting at flagellomere III. Cell 1+2Rs about as wide as long; mesopleuron strigate-rugulose; ventral valve of ovipositor with 13 teeth. Color: generally darker than holotype; clypeus not distinctly yellow, somewhat buff; orbital band interrupted on 1h and 5 7h; yellow mark on dorsal margin of pronotum absent; mesopleuron without yellow marks; median portion of yellow mark of propodeum absent in one specimen (Fig. 43); mid and hind coxae without distinct white marks; hind femur almost entirely dark brown; posterior yellow stripe almost indistinct on T6 7. Comments. Readily distinct from all other Digonocryptus spp. by the unique combination of (1) structure + color pattern of the propodeum, particularly the shape and degree of differentiation of the posterior transverse carina & apophyses, (2) shape of the yellow stripe on propodeum accompanying the posterior transverse carina, and (3) the very regular pattern of yellow stripes on the metasoma (somewhat similar only to that of D. mettus). In the key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011) the new species runs easily to dichotomy 10, where color of mesosoma might be an issue. The holotype of the new species has a more characteristically reddish mesosoma, but it is considerably darker on the paratypes; close observation with proper fluorescent or led illumination will reveal the more characteristic reddish hue. That leads to dichotomy 19 of the mentioned key, with two species. The present species is quite distinct from both of them by having moderately developed, scale-shaped propodeal apophyses (vs. very weak in D. inermis, and long, stout thorns in D. pulchripes), and propodeum orange with a contrasting yellow stripe along posterior transverse carina (vs. propodeum monocolorous on both other species). Etymology. From the Greek zatheos, meaning sacred, sainted. In reference to the shape of the yellow mark on the propodeum, similar to the portico of the numerous baroque period churches in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, from where all specimens were collected. Material examined. 4 females. Holotype from BRAZIL, Bahia, Firmino Alves, Fazenda Santo Antônio, Pt. 6, S W, 9.IV.2003, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia (UFES). Triangle mount; left hind t2 5 missing, otherwise complete, well preserved. Paratypes: 1 from BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha do Vinhático, Pt. 1, 14.XI.2002, Malaise trap, JCRFontenelle; 1, same data except 28.X 4.XI.2007; 1, same data except Área da Tereza, MT1, 3 10.XI.2004 (UFES). Triangle mount, complete, in good condition. Distribution. Brazil (BA, MG) (Fig. 98). Digonocryptus zopheros Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. (Figs 45 47, 99) Description. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing 8.40 mm. Head (Figs 45, 47). Ventral tooth of mandible longer than dorsal tooth. Clypeus apical area delimited by smooth border, medially almost indistinct; clypeal margin medially with two teeth. Antenna with 24 flagellomeres, without white band. Mesosoma (Figs 45 47). Pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron densely covered with short white hairs; pronotum mostly scarcely and finely punctate, faintly strigate along collar and posterior margin; mesopleuron with distinct, oblique strigation. Subalar prominence narrow, elongate, keeled. Sternaulus weakly impressed, slightly crenulate. Sulcus between sternaulus and scrobe very weak. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum absent. Lower metapleuron weakly rugulose. Propodeum: moderately pilose; area in front of anterior transverse carina mostly smooth, medially with two weak longitudinal ridges, sublaterally very weakly strigate; area between anterior transverse carina and petiolar foramen distinctly rugulose. Posterior transverse carina sublaterally forming scale-like apophyses, medially faint. Fore wing distinctly infuscated, light brown; hind wing basally hyaline, apically weakly infuscated; fore wing cell 1+2Rs about as wide as high, pentagonal, 2r-m and 3r-m distinctly convergent, with about the same length, 3r-m mostly spectral; 2-M distinctly longer than 3-M; vein 3-Cu 1.36 length of 4-Cu; hind wing vein Cub apically slightly convex. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 31

32 FIGURES Digonocryptus zopheros Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. 45, Holotype female, habitus. 46, paratype female, propodeum, dorsal. 47, Holotype female, habitus. Metasoma (Figs 45, 47). Postpetiole dorsally with weak subcircular concavity at spiracle level; ventrolateral carina present but indistinct at midlength; dorsolateral and median dorsal carinae absent; petiolar spiracles in dorsal view not prominent. Ovipositor 1.52 length of hind tibia. Apex of lower valve apex with 13 teeth. Color. Head and mesosoma reddish-orange, metasoma black and whitish. Head: reddish-orange; mandible apex and ventral margin black; orbital band whitish, interrupted on malar space and on 11 12h. Mesosoma: reddish-orange; tegula whitish; legs somewhat fuscous towards apex. Metasoma: T1 and S1 basally reddishorange, postpetiole anteriorly dark brown, posteriorly whitish; T2 8 black, with posterior whitish stripes, on T8 medially interrupted; S2 6 basolaterally brown, apically whitish. MALE. Very similar to the female except by the following: small, fore wing mm long; antenna with 29 flagellomeres (n=3, including smallest and largest specimens); surface sculpturing on mesosoma weak; propodeum between posterior transverse carina and petiolar foramen with longitudinal wrinkles; petiolar spiracle distinctly prominent; fore and mid coxae mesal face whitish, lateral face with large dark brown spot; fore trochanter whitish, mid trochanter whitish and brown; all femora with sparse dark brown marks; fore and mid tibiae 32 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

33 and tarsi light brown to whitish; hind tibia and tarsus mostly blackish; T1 blackish with posterior whitish stripe; S1 dark brown. Morphological variation. Paratype female with fore wing 7.25 mm long; ovipositor 1.49 length of hind tibia; posterior transverse carina of propodeum medially stout; wings more distinctly infuscate. Color: fore and mid legs more bright orange than rest of mesosoma. Wings less distinctly infuscated in small males. Comments. A characteristic species, easily recognizable by the unique absence of white stripe on the antenna, but also, more immediately, by the striking contrast between the ferrugineous mesosoma (including legs) vs. black metasoma with distinct whitish stripes vs. notably infuscated wings (Fig. 47). Most similar to D. iageus sp. nov., but also similar to all species of the D. inflatus species complex. It runs to dichotomy 27 of the key by Aguiar and Ramos (2011), from where it can forcibly be keyed out as D. yunus, D. inflatus, or D. iageus. Digonocryptus zopheros sp. nov. is however quite characteristic by its generally small size (fore wing length mm vs mm), distinctly infuscated wings (vs. hyaline; at most with narrow stripe of infuscation at apical margin in D. iageus), and the evident pilosity on the mesopleuron (vs. glabrous or at most delicately pilose on all other species referred above). The complete yellow stripes on T2 4 and T7, while narrowed and briefly interrupted centrally on T5 6, isolates it from D. yunus, for which they are complete on T5 6; D. inflatus and D. iageus (widely interrupted on T4 7); and D. pulchripes (widely interrupted on T4 6). Further isolated from D. pulchripes by having low propodeal apophyses (vs. large, thorn-shaped), and from D. iageus by having clypeus with two apical teeth (vs. one). There are also large dark marks on S2 5, which are absent or small on all other species referred above. Etymology. From the Greek zopheros, meaning dusky, gloomy, in reference to the fully infuscated wings. Material examined. 2 females, 13 males. Holotype from JAMAICA, Hardwar[e] Gap, 4000 [1219 m], 6.VII.1966, Howden & Becker (CNCI). Pinned; complete, in good condition. Paratypes: 3, same data as holotype (2 CNCI, 1 UFES); 1 (UFES) 10 (9 CNCI, 1 UFES), same data except 13.VII Female glued to pin, complete, in good condition; 5 males in triangle mount, 8 males glued to pin, all in good condition. Distribution. Jamaica (Fig. 99). Acknowledgements Adriana C. B. Ramos (UFES) helped with logistic information. Andrew Bennett (CNCI), David Wahl (AEIC), Gabriel Melo (DZUP), Gavin Broad (BMNH), and James Carpenter (AMNH) helped with valuable loans of Cryptinae specimens. Maria-Julia O. Valverde (CEPLAC, Brazil/Bahia), Rogério P. Martins (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) and Julio C. R. Fontenelle (Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais) received BFS in scientific visits and generously loaned or donated all relevant specimens to UFES; Anazélia M. Tedesco provided help and good company during those trips. John T. Jennings (University of Adelaide, Australia) contributed with important corrections and suggestions, and with expedite processing of the original manuscript. This project was developed with funding provided by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo/FAPES (Process /2009) and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas/CNPq (Process /2010-4), Brazil. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 33

34 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 48, D. annulitarsis (Cameron). 49, D. arcaeus Aguiar et Ramos. 50, D. archisius Aguiar et Ramos. 51, D. arlequim Santos et Aguiar. 52, D. atrozyrix Aguiar et Ramos. 53, D. banius Aguiar et Ramos. 54, D. boraeus Aguiar et Ramos. 55, D. caceres Aguiar et Ramos. 34 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

35 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 56, D. campygeus Aguiar et Ramos. 57, D. caraguatensis Aguiar et Ramos. 58, D. cennitus Aguiar et Ramos. 59, D. chiriquensis (Cameron). 60, D. coloratus (Szépligeti). 61, D. crassipes (Brullé). 62, D. denticulatus (Taschenberg). 63, D. diversicolor (Viereck). ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 35

36 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 64, D. domius Aguiar et Ramos. 65, D. elegans Aguiar et Ramos. 66, D. grossipes (Brullé). 67, D. hesperus Aguiar et Santos. 68, D. huntus Aguiar et Ramos. 69, D. iageus Aguiar et Ramos. 70, D. inermis (Szépligeti). 71, D. inflatus (Brullé). 36 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

37 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 72, D. insularis Aguiar et Santos. 73, D. meridensis Aguiar et Ramos. 74, D. mettus Aguiar et Ramos. 75, D. narratorius (Fabricius). 76, D. niger (Szépligeti). 77, D. noxignis Aguiar et Santos. 78, D. petrus Aguiar et Ramos. 79, D. pitchus Aguiar et Ramos. ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 37

38 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 80, D. pontagus Aguiar et Ramos. 81, D. propodeator Kasparyan et Ruíz. 82, D. pulchripes (Cameron). 83, D. rufigaster (Szépligeti). 84, D. rufozyrix Aguiar et Ramos. 85, D. sautatus Aguiar et Ramos. 86, D. silopoeus Aguiar et Ramos. 87, D. sipius Aguiar et Ramos. 38 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS

39 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 88, D. siraeus Aguiar et Ramos. 89, D. sutor (Fabricius). 90, D. tarsatus (Cresson). 91, D. teleborus Aguiar et Ramos. 92, D. thoracicus Kasparyan et Ruíz. 93, D. variabilis Aguiar et Ramos. 94, D. variegatus (Szépligeti). 95, D. varipes (Brullé). ADDITIONS TO DIGONOCRYPTUS VIERECK Zootaxa Magnolia Press 39

40 FIGURES Distribution maps for species of Digonocryptus. 96, D. yacamus Aguiar et Ramos. 97, D. yunus Aguiar et Ramos. 98, D. zatheos Santos et Aguiar. 99, D. zopheros Santos et Aguiar. 100, Digonocryptus Viereck, all records. 40 Zootaxa Magnolia Press AGUIAR & SANTOS