RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPETITIONS.

Transcription

1 mesm RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPETITIONS.

2 ATHLETICS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be organized by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Athletics appointed by the Svenska Idrottsforbundet (Swedish Amateur Athletic Association.) 2. The competition shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition: An amateur is one who has never; a) competed for a money prize or a monetary consideration, or in any way drawn pecuniary gain from the exercise of his sport; b) competed against a professional; c). taught in any branch of athletics for payment; a?) sold, pawned,.hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition. 3. Each competitor shall wear a jersey with short sleeves and drawers to the knees, and shall also have on back and front during competiton a distinctive number corresponding to the number in the programme assigned to him by ballot. 4. A competitor who wilfully jostles, runs across, or obstructs another competitor is disqualified from that competition, and forfeits the right to any prize that he would otherwise have been entitled to. 5. The respective stations of the competitors shall be decided by ballot. In races, the starting position of the competitors is, moreover, decided in the same way immediately before starting, the lowest number being placed on the far left. 6. No attendant shall accompany any competitor on the arena or during the race; nor shall any competitor be allowed, without the permission of the judges, to receive assistance or refreshment from anyone during the progress of a race. This rule applies also to the Marathon Race. 7. Only acting officials and those who are taking part in a competition actually in progress may remain in the arena of the Stadium. Running and Walking. I. GENERAL RULES. a) All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the starter. When on the mark,, no competitor shall touch the ground in front of the scratchline with any part of his body. b) The running track shall be measured 30 cm. from the inside edge. c) The direction of running will be against the sun^ left hand inside. IL SPECIAL RULES. 100 and 200 metres Flat. The start shall be made on the following words of command; u Intag Edra platser" (On your marks!)^ "Fdrdiga" (Ready!), and then, when all are quite in order, the pistol shall be fired. In the first round, those coming in first and second in each heat shall be allowed to run in the second round. In the second round, which consists of six heats, the winners only shall have the right to start in the final. 1001

3 When the signal has been given to begin the competition, and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various lanes on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner gives the said orderly the number he has drawn, and the competitors in each heat shall be so placed that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. Immediately after lots have been drawn by the competitors in one heat, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be run a second time unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another competitor. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner who has hindered another competitor, has done so intentionally or unintentionally. If a protest is admitted, the heat in question shall be re-run by all the competitors with the exception of the one that wilfully hindered the other competitor. 400 and 800 metres Flat. The first and second men in each preliminary heat are qualified for the semifinal. In the 400 metres race, the winner in each semi-final is entitled to start in the final and in the 800 metres race the three best men in each semi-final are entitled to start in the final. When the signal has been given to begin the competition and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly (''ordningsman") shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various lanes on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner gives the orderly the number he has drawn, and the runners in each heat shall be so placed that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. Immediately after lots have been drawn by the competitors in one heat, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. The orderly, immediately after lots have been drawn, shall order the functionaries at the notice-board to put the number of the heat highest up, and, under this, the numbers of the runners from left to right, in the order in which they are to stand in accordance with the lots drawn. The orderly shall also see that the numbers are fastened to the right trouser-leg of the competitors. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be run a second time unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2, one competitor purposely hinders another. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner that has hindered another competitor, has done so intentionally or unintentionally. If a protest is admitted, the heat in question shall be re-run by all the competitors with the exception of the one that wilfully hindered the other competitor. i j500j 5>ooo and 10,000 metres Flat. The first and second men in each preliminary heat of the 1,500 metres are qualified for the final. In the 5) 000 metres, the first three in each preliminary heat, and, in the 10,000 metres running and the 10,000 metres walking races, the first 5 in the preliminary heats shall be allowed to start in the final. When the signal has been given to begin the competition and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various courses on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner shall give the orderly the number he has drawn, and the competitors in each heat shall,be so placed that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on Immediately after lots have been drawn by the competitors in one heat, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be re-run unless; 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another competitor. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner that has hindered another competitor has done so intentionally or unintentionally. A competitor who wilfully hinders another competitor shall be excluded from the competition, so that, if the incident happens in a preliminary heat, the offender shall not have the right to take part in the final, even if he has otherwise qualified for it and if the incident takes place during the final, the offender shall not be awarded any prize which he would otherwise have gained. Marathon Race. ci) The Marathon Race will be run on a high-road, with start and finish in the Stadium. ^) Each competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate of fitness, and must further undergo a medical examination, immediately previous to the start, by the Swedish Olympic Committee's official doctors, who pass the competitors or advise them not to start. <:) No competitor, either at the start or during the progress of the race, may take any so-called drugs, on pain of immediate disqualification. * Hurdle Race, no metres. On every course there shall be 10 hurdles, 1,06 metres high, with a distance between each flight of 9,14 metres. The top rail of the hurdles shall be fixed fast to the upright supports. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 13,72 metres, from the last hurdle to the winning post 14,02 metres. In the first round, the first two in each heat shall be allowed to run in the second round. In the final there shall run the 6 competitors who have won the six intermediate heats. When the signal has been given to begin the competition, and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various courses on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be employed for this purpose). Each runner gives the orderly the number he has drawn, and the runners in each heat shall be so placed, that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be re-run unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner who has hindered another competitor has done so intentionally or unintentionally. Walking Race, 10,000 metres. The competitors shall be divided into 2 heats, the best 5 from each heat taking part in the final. Each judge of the course has the right to decide whether a competitior is walking fairly or not, and can,, without any previous warning, exclude a competitor from further participation in the competition. The rules for correct (fair) walking are: "The tips of the toes of the rear foot shall not be lifted from the ground before the instant that the heel of the front foot touches it. The legs shall be extended at each step taken, and the body shall be carried erect." 1003

4 In other respects the same regulations shall apply as those in torce lor long distance running. Relay Race, 400 and 1,600 metres. The course shall be divided into four parts, each 100 metres long (in the case of the 1,600 metres' race, each part shall be 400 metres long). Unless the baton is carried by the members of the various relays from start to winning-post, the running of the team in question will not be valid, in addition to which, the baton must be passed on within a distance of 20 metres, which is marked with chalked lines. In the first round, the winning team is allowed to run in the second round, and the three winning teams in the second round shall take part in the final. This rule just stated is for the 400 metres' relay race. In the case of the 1,600 metres' relay race, the winner in each heat shall be entitled to take part in the final. There are only 3 teams in the final. The composition of the team must not be changed after a trial heat has been run. When the signal has been given to begin the competition, and the first runners of each team in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various courses (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner gives the orderly the number he has drawn, and the runners in each heat shall be so placed that the first runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which is farthest to the left and so on. Immediately after lots have been drawn, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. When the pistol has been fired the heat must not be re-run unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another. The track-judge shall decide in each case whether a runner who has hindered another competitor, has done so intentionally or unintentionally. If it has been done wilfully, then the entire team to which the offender belongs is disqualified. A team is also disqualified if the baton has been handed over outside of the 20 metres' limit (i. e. a runner must not run to meet the bearer of the baton to a greater distance than to the limit-line which is marked). In the case of the 400 metres' relay race, separate lanes are marked out by strings. In the case of the 1,600 metres' relay there is one track, common to all the teams competing in the heat. Team Race, 3,000 metres. The competition shall be divided into trial heats and a final race. The start shall be simultaneous. 5 men may run in each team, the first 3 men of each team to count. The team having the lowest aggregate of points will be declared the winner. In the event of a tie, the total time taken by the scoring three of each team shall decide. Cross-Country Race. d) The race will be over country of varying character on a course unknown to the competitors, to be marked out with red ribbons immediately before the start. ) The start and finish will be in the Stadium. c) The start shall be simultaneous. (This does not apply to the Cross-Country Race ir\ the Modern Pentathlon, in which the competitors start singly, at intervals of 1 minute.) 1004 Jumping. SPECIAL RULES. Running High Jump. The competitors shall be divided into three groups. The competition shall, start at a height of 160 centimetres and, at the tries, the bar shall be raised successively in accordance with the following scale. 160 cm. 17» 175» 180» and, after this, by a further 2 cm. at each try. Three jumps are allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may commence at any height he choses above the minimum height, but having done so, he must jump at every following height until he fails in three jumps and thus forfeits his right to continue. A wooden bar will be used for the cross-piece. Neither a "saltomortal" nor a flying leap over the bar shall be permitted. By a "saltomortal" is meant a somersault over the bar, and by a flying leap, a jump over the bar, head and hands first, with the breast towards the bar, so that the upper part of the body comes to the ground first. As soon as a competitor has made a spring upwards in order to jump, this will be counted as a try. If the competitor passes under the bar without having made a spring, this will not count as a jump, but three runs will be regarded as a full try. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar w 7 here it is lowest. If two or more competitors tie at a jump in the finals, their order shall be decided by a re-jumping. All employment of weights is forbidden. The final competition, which shall take place the following day, and in which shall compete all who have cleared 183 cm., or such lower height as the leader of the competition may specially determine, shall be carried out in accordance with the same scale, with the exception, however, that the bar can be placed at other heights if all the competitors so desire. Trial jumps shall not be permitted. The jumpers shall be allowed to mark the take-off at pleasure, but they shall be obliged to remove the take-off mark they have made, immediately after they have jumped. If it is necessary to have re-jumping for the purpose of determining the order of the prize-winners, the tie shall be determined by means of a fourth, extra jump. If both or all the competitors in question clear the bar, this shall be raised; if both knock down the bar, it shall be lowered to the previous height, to be once more raised if this height be cleared. If the new height be cleared by all the competitors in question, the bar is raised still more, and so on, but only the result reached in the ordinary competition shall be recorded as the official figure. If a competitor does not come on the field before the competition has begun, he has the right to compete, but he must begin at the height the other competitors were jumping at, or had just jumped at, when Ee presented himself. Standing High Jump. The competitors shall, if necessary, be divided into three groups. The competition shall start with the bar at a height of 130 cm. and, after each try, the bar shall be raised successively in accordance with the following scale; 130 cm. 135» 140» 145» 148» 1005

5 and thereafter, by a further 2 cm. after each try. Three jumps are. allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may commence at any height he choses above the minimum height, but, having done so, he must jump at every following height until he fails in three jumps, and thus forfeits his right to continue. A wooden bar will be used for the cross-piece. Neither a "saltomortal" nor a flying leap over the bar shall be permitted. By a ''saltomortal" is meant a somersault over the bar, and by a flying leap, a jump over the bar, head and hands first, with the breast towards the bar, so that the upper part of the body comes to the ground first. As soon as a competitor has made a spring upwards in order to jump, this will be counted as a try. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. If two or more competitors tie in the finals, their order shall be determined by re-jumping. All employment of weights is forbidden. As soon as the competitor has made himself ready to spring, the following will be reckoned as a full try: 1. If the right foot is lifted twice from the ground, 2. If the left foot is lifted twice from the ground, 3. If each foot in succession is lifted once, 4. If the right foot is slid twice along the ground, 5. If the left foot is slid twice along the ground, 6. If each foot in succession is slid once along the ground, 7. If the right foot is lifted once, and the left foot is slid once, 8. If the right foot is slid once, and the left foot is lifted once, 9. If the right foot is lifted once and is slid once, 10. If the left foot is lifted once and is slid once. The finals will be held immediately and, if two or more groups had been formed, those competitors are now brought together into the final who, at the various competing places, have cleared 150 cm., or a lower height if this should prove to be necessary. If it is necessary to have re-jumping for the purpose of determining the order of the prize-winners, the tie shall be determined by means of a fourth, extra jump. If both or all the competitors in question clear the bar, it shall be raised; if both knock down the bar it shall be lowered to the previous height, to be once more raised if this height be cleared. If the new height be cleared by all the competitors in question, the bar shall be raised still more, and so on, but only the result reached in the ordinary competition shall be recorded as the official figure. If a competitor does not come on to the field before the competition has begun, he shall have the right to compete, but he must begin at the height the other competitors last jumped at, or were jumping at, when he presented himself. Running Broad Jump. The competitors shall be divided into groups, each of 15 men. Before the beginning of the competition, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall call over the names of all the competitors in every group. The length of the run is unlimited. The competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the three competitors who have obtained the best results shall be allowed three more jumps. The best of each man's six jumps shall determine the order of the three competitors. If any competitor crosses the taking-off line and touches the ground in front of it with any part of his foot, or if he swerves to the side at the taking-off line, this jump shall not be measured, but shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The jump shall be measured at right angles from the outside edge of the takingoff line to the nearest spot where any part of the competitor's body has touched the ground After the groups have 'finished their jumps, those three competitors that have gained the best results shall at once go on to the final. If, after the conclusion of the first rounds, two or more competitors tie for the 3:rd place, those who have made jumps of the same length shall make another jump, and the result of this extra jump shall decide which of these competitors is to take part in the final. If, in the extra jump as well, some of the competitors should tie, another extra jump must be made. Each competitor is allowed one trial jump. This shall be made before any jump is made in the competition, and the competitors shall, preferably, execute this trial -jump in the order in which they are to compete. The competitors shall have the right to mark the taking-off place by means of marks in the run, but these marks must be removed immediately after each competitor has made his jump. If a competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in that order in which it stands on the programme, the judge shall call his name once more after a slight pause. If the competitor does not present himself when his name is thus called the second time, he shall lose his right to take part in that turn. Standing Broad Jump. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. As soon as the competitor has made himself ready to spring, the following shall be reckoned as a full try. 1. If the right foot is lifted twice from the ground, 2. If the left foot is lifted twice from the ground, 3. If each foot in succession is lifted once, 4. If the right foot is slid twice along the ground, 5. If the left foot is slid twice along the ground, 6. If each foot in succession is slid once along the ground, 7. If the right foot is lifted once and the left foot is slid once, 8. If the right is slid once and the left foot is lifted once, 9. If the right foot is lifted once and is slid once, 10. If the left foot is lifted once and slid once. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the three competitors that have obtained the best results shall be allowed three more jumps. The best of each man's six jumps shall determine the order of the three competitors. The jump shall be measured at right angles from the outside edge of the tak ing-off line to the nearest spot where any part of the competitor's body has touched the ground. After the groups have finished their jumps, those three competitors who have gained the best results shall at once go on to the final. If, after the conclusion of the first rounds, two or more competitors tie for the 3;rd place, those who have made jumps of the same length shall make another jump, and the result of this extra jump shall decide which of these competitors is to take part in the final. If some of the competitors should tie in the extra jump as well, another extra jump must be made. Hop, Step and Jump. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. Only jumps with alternate feet will be counted. The length of the run is unlimited. If when changing feet, the free foot should happen to touch the ground, the jump will still be reckoned. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the three competitors who have gained the best results shall be allowed three more jumps. The best of each man's six jumps shall determine the order of the three competitors. Ties in the hop r step and jump of the greatest length shall be decide^ by a new jump until a decision is reached. The results of these deciding jumps is only of importance as deciding the order in which the competitors who had tied are to be placed. If any competitor crosses the taking-off line, and touches the ground in front of it with any part of his foot, or if he swerves to the side at the taking-off line. 1007

6 this jump shall not be measured, but shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The jump shall be measured at right angles from the outside edge of the taking-off line to the nearest spot where any part of the competitor's body has touched the ground. After the groups have finished their jumps, those three competitors who have gained the best results shall go on at once to the final. If, after the conclusion of the trial rounds, two or more competitors tie for the 3:rd place, those who have made j-umps of the same length shall make another jump, and the result of this extra jump shall decide which of these competitors is to take part in the final. If some of the competitors should tie in the extra jump as well, another extra jump must be made. Each competitor is allowed one trial jump. This shall be made before any jump is made in the competition, and the competitors shall, preferably, execute this trial jump in the order in which they are to compete. The competitors shall. have the right to fix their leap by means of marks in the run, but these marks must be removed immediately after each competitor has made his jump. If a competitor is not present when the judges calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, the judge shall call his name once more after a slight pause. If the competitor does not present himself when his name is thus called the second time, he shall lose his right to take part in that turn. Pole Jump. The competition shall begin with the bar at a height of 300 centimetres, and, after each try, the bar shall be raised successively in accordance with the following scale: 300 cm. 320» 340,» 350» 360» and, thereafter, by a further 5 cm. after each try. The competitor is allowed to mark the taking-off place as he likes, but he must remove the mark he may thus make, immediately after the execution of his jump. All those who clear 365 cm. are entitled to take part in the final. If it is necessary to have re-jumping for the purpose of determining the order of the prize-winners, the tie shall be determined by means of a fourth extra jump. If both or all the competitors in question clear the bar, this shall be raised; if both knock down the bar, it shall be lowered to the previous height, to be once more raised if this height be cleared. If the new height be cleared by all the competitors in question, the bar is raised still more, and so on, but only the results reached in the ordinary competition shall be recorded as the official figure. If a competitor does not come on to the field before the competition has begun, he shall have the right to compete, but he must begin at the height the other competitors were jumping at, when he presented himself, or the height next above that. Three jumps are allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may commence at any height he chooses above the minimum height, but, having done so, he must jump at every following height until he fails in three jumps and thus forfeits his right to continue. As soon as a competitor has made a spring upwards in order to jump, this will be counted as a try. If the competitors makes a run without a spring upwards, this shall not be counted as a jump, but three such runs shall be counted as a full try. * A competitor has the right to use a hollow to help him in jumping. Neither at the moment when a competitor makes the jump, nor after he is in the air, may he place the lower hand above the upper one; neither may he shift the upper hand higher up the pole A competitor has the right to use his own poles. These may have bindings round them, but no further support for the hands is allowed. A wooden bar shall be used for the cross-piece. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. Throwing. I. GENERAL RULES. a) Only implements provided by the Swedish Olympic Committee shall be used in the throwing competitions. b) Each competitor shall be allowed three throws, and the best three shall throw again three times (with either hand, according to the class of competition); the farthest throw of the six throws (with the right and the left hand) shall decide the order between the three. In the case of a tie, another, deciding throw must be made. (In competitions with the right and the left hand, such additional throws shall be made with both hands.) The result of the additional throwing shall determine the position only of those who have thrown again. c) A throw is counted as a trial, but without being measured, when the competitor touches the ground outside the outer part of the throwing circle, with any part of his body before the throw has been marked by the proper official, or if the competitor passes over the taking-off limit with any part of his body. (By the taking-off limit is meant the inner edge of the marked scratch-line.) IL SPECIAL RULES. Javelin Throwing. The javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron point. It shall be 800 grammes (1.6 lbs.) in weight, and 2.6 metres (8.5 feet) in length. About the centre of gravity of the javelin there shall be a binding 16 cm. (6.3 inches) broad. No thongs or notches, nor any other hold than the above mentioned binding shall be permitted on the javelin or the hand, and the javelin shall be gripped round the binding with the whole hand. The throw shall take place from behind a scratch line consisting of a wooden bar of at least 10 cm. (3,9 inches) in width and c:a 3 cm. (1,18 inch) in thickness, securely fastened to the ground. The run is unlimited in length. The throw must be executed with the hand gripping round the binding, and no other method of holding is permitted. No throw shall be scored from, in which the point of the javelin does not strike the ground before any part of the shaft does. The throw shall be measured at right angles from the spot at'which the point of the javelin struck the ground first, to the scratch-line, or to the scratch-line produced. In the competition in throwing the javelin with both right and left hand, the right-hand throw shall be made first. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. No trial throw shall be allowed. As "past the line" shall be reckoned when a competitor, touches the ground in front of the scratch line with any part of his body, before the throw has been marked; but a fault is also committed if a competitor steps on the outer edge of the scratch line, or if, the competitor touches the outer edge of the scratch line with his fingers or hands, etc., after the cast has been made. As soon as a throw is completed, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall warn the next competitor to be ready when the judge calls his name. If the competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, his name shall be once more called by the judge. Should the competitor not present himself at this second call, # he has lost his right to take part in that turn. 64 Fifth Olympiad. IOO9

7 Throwing the Discus. The discus shall be 2 kilogrammes (4,4 lbs.) in weight, and 22 centimetres (8,7 inches) in diameter; thickness in the middle, 45 mm. (1,77 inches); thickness at the rounded off edge, 22 mm. (0.86 inch). The discus shall be thrown from a circle of about 2,5 metres (8,2 feet) diameter. All throws, to be valid, must fall within a 90 sector marked on the ground. All throw will be measured from the point at which the discus first strikes the ground to the centre of the circle, after which the distance is reckoned from the taking-off limit. In the competition with both right and left hand, the right-hand throw shall be made first. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. No trial throws shall be permitted in the ring. If the competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, his name shall be once more called by the judge. Should the competitor not present himself at this second call, he has lost his right to take part in that turn. As "''past the line" shall be reckoned when a competitor touches the ground in front of the front half of the ring or hoop with any part of his body before the throw has been marked, but it is also a fault if the competitor steps on the outer edge of the ring or hoop, either in the front half or, when taking a run, in the back half, or if the competitor steps over the ring when the start is being made, or if, after the throw has been made, the competitor touches the outer edge of the front part of the ring with his fingers or hands, etc. The thrower thus has, the right when he has regained his balance, to leave the ring backwards immediately after the throw is completed. Throwing the Hammer. The hammer consists of a massive leaden head provided with a shaft of steel wire and one or two triangular handles. The whole length of the hammer, including the head, shall be 1,22 metres (4 feet), and its complete weight 7,25 kilogrammes (15,9 lbs.). All throws shall be made from a circle of 2,13 metres (7 feet) diameter. A throw shall not be scored from unless it falls within a 90 sector marked on the ground. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. As "past the line" shall be reckoned when a competitor touches the ground in front of the front half of the ring or hoop with any part of his body before the throw has been marked, but it is also a fault if the competitor steps on the outer edge of the ring or hoop, either in the front half or, when taking a start, in the back half, or if the competitor steps beyond the ring or hoop when the start is being made, or if, after the throw has been made, the competitor touches the outer edge of the front part of the ring or hoop with his fingers, or hands, etc. The thrower has thus the right, when he has regained his balance, to leave the ring backwards immediately after the throw is completed. Putting the Weight. The weight is massive and of iron; its weight sh^ll be 7,25 kilogrammes. The put shall be made from a circle of 2,13 metres diameter. The weight shall be put from the shoulder with one hand, and must never be brought behind the shoulder. A throw shall not be scored from unless it falls within a 90 sector marked on the ground. In the competition with both right and left hand, the right-hand put shall be made first. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. No trial puts shall be permitted in the ring. As "past the line" shall be reckoned when a competitor, touches the ground in front of the front half of the ring or hoop with any part of his body before the put has been marked; but it is also a fault if the competitor steps on the outer 1010 edge of the ring or hoop either in the front half or, when taking a start, in the back half, or if the competitor steps over the ring or hoop when the start is being made, or if, the competitor touches the outer edge of the front part of the ring with his fingers or hands, etc. after the put has been made. The thrower has, thus, the right, when he has regained his balance, to leave the ring backwards immediately after the put is completed. As soon as a put is completed, the orderly ("ordningsman") shall warn the next competitor to be ready when the judges call his name. If the competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, his name shall be once more called by the judge. Should the competitor not present himself at this second call he has lost his right to take part in that turn. Combined Competitions. Pentathlon. The competition comprises the following events: Running Broad Jump\ Throwing the Javelin (with the javelin held in the middle), best hand; 200 metres Flat; Throwing the Discus, best hand, and 1,500 metres Flat. The events, will succeed each other in the order just given. Three tries are allowed both in jumping and in throwing. In the 200 metres flat race, groups of three men are formed by lot. If the number of runners is such that, after the groups have been arranged, one man is left to run alone, then one man shall be drawn by lot from among the other competitors, to run against him. All compete in the first three events, in each of which the winner shall receive 1 point, the second man 2 points, and so on. The total points of the competitors are now counted, and the best twelve, i. e. those with the lowest number of points, shall have the right to compete in the Discus Throwing. If the counting of the points result in a tie for the twelfth place, all such may start in the Discus Throwing competition. Points are counted according to the result obtained, and, in- the event of a tie, the competitors will not compete in order to decide the tie. Thus, if two or more obtain the best result, these two each receive the point 1, and the next man is given the point 3, and so on. The points of the competitors entitled to compete in the Discus Throwing shall then be counted again with reference to their relative order in each of the first three series, their points being counted as if they alone had competed, and without any reference to the placing of the other competitors. The Discus Throwing and 1,500 metres Flat are now started, with the points thus awarded. After the Discus Throwing, the best six compete in the 1,500 metres Flat race, in which the start is simultaneous. If more than one tie for the sixth place after the Discus Throwing, all such may compete in the 1,5 metres Flat race. In the Flat races, each competitor's time shall be taken with three watches. The winner shall be the one who, on the completition of the 1,500 metres Flat race, has obtained the lowest total points in the five competitions. If, at the end of the competition, two or more of the competitors have obtained the same number of points, their respective positions shall" be determined by the valuation of their results in accordance with the Decathlon Table. The broad jump, javelin throwing and discus throwing are arranged according to special rules, but in the event of two or more reaching the same figures, the competitors will not compete again to decide the tie. In the 200 metres Flat, 3 men shall start in every heat. The time of each runner is taken separately. If two or more competitors in different heats have the same time, they shall be given the same point. If two or more competitors in the same heat get the same time, but one of them comes in a fractional distance in front of the other(s), the one(s) behind shall receive point more than the one who had the same time but passed the tape a little distance ahead. If the third man, too, in the heat has the same time, but is about a decimetre be- 1011

8 hind the winner, he, like the second man, will have as his point 1 / 2 point added to the point given to the winner. If in the final, the second and third men reach the same number of points, then the ''second man" shall be entitled to be placed before the ''third man". Decathlon. The competition comprises the following events; 100 metres Flat; Rtinning Broad Jumpi Putting the Weight > best hand (on the first day); Running High Jump; 400 metres Flat; Discus Throwing, best hand; Hurdle Race no metres (on the second day); and Pole Jump; Throwing the Javelin (with the javelin held in the middle) best hand; and /,5oo metres Flat (on the third day). All the competitions will take place in the order given. Both in the 100 metres and the 400 metres Flat races, as well as in the Hurdle race, 3 4 competitors will start in each group. In the 1,500 metres Flat race, all the competitors will start at the same time, but the leader of the competition shall have the right to alter this determination should it be necessary to do so. The composition of the groups shall be determined by lot. The winner shall be the one who, on adding together the points in the several events, has reached the highest number of points. For a result similar to the best result obtained at previous Olympic Games, 1,000 points will be awarded. Lower results are valued in accordance with a special table. If a result exceeds the best "Olympic" result, correspondingly higher points will be awarded TUG-OF-WAR. GENERAL REGULATIONS he competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for the Tug-of-War he competitions shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the followng definition: An amateur is one who has never: d) competed for a money prize or a monetary consideration, or in any way drawn pecuniary gain from the exercise of his sport; li) competed against a professional; c) taught in any branch of athletics for payment; d) sold, pawned, hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a "competition. Special Rules. a) The rope shall be of such a length as to allow of a "pull" (free space in the middle of the rope extending from the central tape as far as to the outer coloured tapes mentioned below) of 3.5 metres; a "slack" of 3.5 metres at each end, and a space of 1.25 metres for each competitor in the teams. The rope shall be at least 1 o centimetres in circumference, and shall have no knots or other holds for the hands. A coloured tape shall be affixed to the middle of the rope, with two other tapes of another colour fastened, one on each side, at a distance of 1.75 metres from each side of the central tape. Into the ground there is driven a central peg and, in a straight line with, and on each side of this (i. e., in front of it and behind it), two other pegs which are to mark the position of the side-lines, which shall be at right angles to the direction of the pulling and at a distance of 1.75 metres from an imagnary line drawn through the centre peg. At the start, the rope shall be taut, with the central tape over the central peg, and all the competitors shall stand behind the side-lines. Only such ropes shall be used as are provided by the Swedish Olympic Committee. b) The start shall take place on the following words of command: "Fatta linan!" (Take Hold!) "Fardiga!" (Ready!) "Kor!" (Pull!) The first position of two opposing teams shall be decided by lot; for the second bout the teams shall change places. Should a third pull be necessary, the positions will again be decided by means of drawing lots. The pull shall be won by that team that succeeds in drawing its opponent's side-tape over the first-named team's "side-line", or in pulling one member of the opposing team past the central mark. No competitor shall wear boots or shoes with sharp, projecting sides or points of any kind whatsoever. No kind of spiked shoes or boots shall be used, nor may the soles have any kind of projecting additions. Heel-irons are permitted on the shoes or boots, but they shall be so sunk in the heel that the bottom of the heel on the boot or shoe shall be perfectly smooth and hard. All foot-gear (shoes and boots) shall be submitted to the approval of the leader of the competition before the beginning of the competition. Holes in the ground shall not be made before the start. 1013

9 c) The pulling shall take place with the front sidejof the body turned towards the opposing team and with the rope under the arm; the body shall not be turned from this front position to such a degree that the line of the shoulders passes beyond an imaginary line parallel to the rope. Some exception to this latter rule may be made for the "anchor", however. The "anchor" may hold the slack of the rope in any way he pleases, as long as it is not knotted round his waist. Turning is not permitted. A competitor shall not wilfully touch the ground with any part of his body except the feet. From the moment the final word of command is given, both the feet of a competitor may not leave the ground at the same time. d) No team shall have the right to be captained during the competition by any leader not forming one of the team. e) There shall be an interval of 5 minutes between the different bouts taking place in one and the same competition between two teams. A team which has already competed shall not take part in a fresh competition before the expiration of 30 minutes after its last pull. f) The competitions shall take place in such a manner that all the teams shall meet each other. In each heat, that team shall be the victor which has won two pulls. g) The competitions shall take place on sandy ground. CYCLING. REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPETITION. The competition will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Cycling appointed by the Svenska Velocipedforbundet (Swedish Cyclists' Union), and will conform to the rules for the Championships of the World laid down in June 1907 by the Union Cycliste Internationale. The start will be from Liljeholmsbron in Stockholm on Sunday, July 7th, at 2 a. m. (the night between Saturday and Sunday), and all competitors must be present at the roll call not later than 1 a. m. No competitor may leave the starting place without special permission. Before starting, each competitor will have to undergo a medical examination by the doctors officially appointed by the Swedish Olympic Committee. The order of starting will be decided by lot. The competitors will start singly at intervals of three minutes. The competitors, both at start and finish, may be assisted only by persons authorized by the Committee (so-called attendants). Each competitor shall wear, both on the back and in front, the number assigned to him by lot. Pacing is strictly forbidden during the competition, and no person will he allowed to accompany any competitor. Refreshments must only be given by persons on foot. Any competitor who has manifestly been paced or has intentionally interfered with the progress of another competitor, or has not passed the control stations, will be disqualified. Moreover, any offence against these rules involves disqualification. Whilst riding, the competitors shall keep to the left and, by duly sounding their bell in good time, warn anybody approaching. At the control stations, all of which must be passed, and which are marked (with red rings) on the map on the back of these rules, there will be official controllers wearing blue and yellow arm-badges. The stations are: Sodertelje, Laggesta, Strengnas, Eskilstuna, Kungsor, Koping, Kolback, Vesteras, Enkoping, Balsta, and Jerfva. At these control stations, refreshments will be provided gratis to competitors, as well as the help necessary for cleaning and repairing the machines; any information required will also be given. At some of these control stations, the competitors will have to prove their identity by their signatures. If a competitor retires from the competition, he must immediately give notice to that effect to the nearest control station, and take away his number. If a competitor makes a stop, he must re-start from the same ptace where the stop was.made. On arrival at the finish, which is in the Stadium,' at?*? lap of the track shall be ridden round to the right. The time will be taken immediately before beginning of the said lap. Only competitors, officials concerned, and attendants will be allowed in the arena of the Stadium. Notice: Reserve machines, if so desired, can be left at the control stations; in such a case, the machines must be delivered to the Committee at least 4 days before the competition

10 The Weapons and their employment. FENCING. RULES FOR THE COMPETITIONS. General Rules. Every competitor by the fact of his entry agrees to accept the rules in force. Ignorance of these rules and of any later additions will not be accepted as an excuse for any contravention of the rules for the Tournament. Only amateurs are qualified to compete, or to be members of the jury, or to be organisers of the Tournament. Any one who is an amateur according to the laws of his own country will be recognized as such. I he Amateur qualification must be confirmed by a certificate from the Amateur Fencing Association or, failing this organisation, by the Olympic Committee of the competitor's own country, who shall be responsible for its validity. Any fencer who, within one year after these games, shall be proved to have infringed the rules for Amateurs, shall be disqualified, and all the prizes that he has gained must be returned to the Committee, who may award them to another competitor. The disqualification of one member of a team disqualifies the whole team. The Swedish Committee will not pay any expenses of the competitors or jurors in this tournament. 1 here is no entrance fee; all entries must be made in writing {entries by telegram will not be accepted) before June , by the Olympic organisation of the respective country on official note-paper and provided wi th a certificate testifying that those who have entered are amateurs. The competitors must observe the following conduct in respect to the jurors: Complaints or observations must be made with due courtesy. The decision of the Jury, must be accepted absolutely. The competitors bind themselves on their honour to fight all bouts to a finish unless physically prevented, and to fence in such a manner as to obtain the best possible place. Any agreement made by the fencers with the object of altering the result of a pool can lead to their disqualification. If a fencer withdraws or is disqualified, or is unable to continue the contest, the result of all his previous contests shall be deleted from the score-sheet as if they had never existed, but, if the fencer had been a Winner, before retiring owing to reasons acceptable to the president of the jury, he will retain his winning points, even if all the subsequent assaults were counted as defeats. No fencer may change his weapon from one hand to another during the action of an assault, except in case of an accident acknowledged by the Jury, but he is allowed to make different attacks with different hands. As a rule no rest will be allowed during an assault. If a competitor (or a team) appointed to fence in a pool does not make an appearance at the instance of the President, his name will be scratched from that part of the Tournament. He shall not be replaced and the other competitors will reap the benefit of his absence. An objection or claim can be made by any competitor in the individual competitions, and by the captains of teams. It must be made in writing by a member of the National Olympic Committee, not later than one hour after the contest, to the International Jury of Honour, whose decision shall be final The weapons must be of an orthodox known model and satisfy the conditions mentioned below. All abnormally-made weapons may be refused by the Committee for Fencing. The weapons may be mounted in the French or Italian style or in a similar manner. The foil', blade, 900 mm. max. If the open guard is used, it must be protected with leather so as not to catch the button of the adversary's blade; cup-guard, max. diam. 132 mm. (no part of the mounting may extend beyond the edge of the guard); hilt, including pommel 220 mm. max.: total length of the weapon 1,100 mm. max.; total weight between 400 and 700 gr. The epe'e: triangular or lozenge blade, 900 mm. max.; guard max. diam. 132 mm. (no part of the mounting may extend beyond the edge of the guard); convexity to 50 mm.; eccentricity 35 mm. max.; total length of the weapon 1,100 mm. max. (not including the pointe d'arret). Hilt, including the pommel 220 mm. max.; total weight of the weapon between 470 and 77 grammes. The triple pointe d- arret alone is permitted. It must present an effective projection at 2 mm. max. It shall be arranged by the fencers themselves conformably to the regulation pattern and subject to the approval of the Jury. The sabre: Blade, 900 mm. straight or curved, with an arc not greater than 40 mm. Hits can be scored with the point, with the edge which extends along the whole side of one edge of the blade, and for 20 centimetres from the point along the other side. The guard must be sufficiently large to protect the hand and the wrist; max. dimension towards the back and the edge of the blade 150 mm.; and towards the flat of the blade (perpendicular to the edge) 140 mm. It must not have any perforation in which the point of an adversary's sword can become entangled. Hilt 220 mm. max.; total length of the weapon 1,100 mm. max.; total weight of the weapon; between 470 and 770 grammes; The weapon (foil, epee, sabre) may be attached to the hand, on the condition that the system employed presents no obstacle to an opponent's fencing. The weapon must not be held so as to increase the effective length of the blade by placing the hand farther off from the guard. The extremity of the thumb when fully extended must not be more than from 2 to 3 centimetres from the guard, and the pommel must not be held in the hollow of the hand. Dress. The clothes must be absolutely protective against accidents. The vest and the trousers must be white, or of a very light colour. The thigh piece is de rigeur for the epee and sabre. Any sort of hoots may be worn, but they must not have any projections on the soles. The mask must be strong and well padded for the sabre; without throat-piece for the foil and, if there is one for the other weapons, this must also be as small as possible. Any gloves of a very light colour; for epee, without hard arm-shield; for the sabre, well padded. All parts of the body exposed to attack must be properly protected. Each fencer must wear his national colours on his unemployed arm. He will likewise wear the armlet, indicating his individual number in the pgol, which armlet will be handed to him on the occasion. 1017

11 The Ground. All the competitions will take place indoors, and on pistes of linoleum. Each competitor will have 15 m. space behind him, counting from the back foot, in which to retreat if necessary. The ground gained by an adversary is kept. When a fencer reaches the line 3 metres from the limit, he is warned by the President of the jury by the words u Trois metres". He is warned again at the moment when he arrives at the limit by the word "Limite". The limit will, in case of necessity, be indicated by a large white line. If, after this warning, the fencer passes the limit with both feet a hit will be scored against him. 1 he position of each fencer on the ground is decided by lot before the commencement of each bout, and will be changed after each heat. ORGANISATION OF THE CONTESTS. Constitution of the Juries and their functions. The Jury and President on accepting office engage morally to act with courtesy and unquestionable impartiality. Ihere will be an International Jury of Honour and competition juries. The Jury of Honour will be chosen by the Swedish Olympic Committee of the Olympic Games of Stockholm, 1912 and can be international. It constitutes the last court of appeal in all points of dispute which may arise during the tournament. Its decision is final. It will receive, through a member of the Fenicng Committee, the objections or claims made in writing, examine the question and give the verdict. The competition juries are international. The jnational Olympic Committees of each competing nation will be requested to nominate, before the 6 June (with the entries of the competitors) 3 or 4 of their countrymen whom they deem competent to serve on competition juries, and who are willing to act as jurors. The Swedish Committee will form a sufficient number of competition juries, each consisting ot 5 (3) members, one of whom will act as president. Each pool jury will have a Swedish Secretary, not a member of the jury, to keep the scoring sheet. The composition of the Jury will be uniform for all contests. Ihe juries are responsible for the proper conduct of all the pools which they are called upon to direct. The President will act as leader of the contest, direct the passes, and has alone the right to give the warnings of "Trois metres" and of "Limite"; he will observe exactly the different phases in order to be able to analyse them and determine, in case of need, which of the competitors has first been hit; and to this end he can employ any means of investigation he considers necessary; he can stop any bout in which he considers that the proper character of a contest is endangered. Ihe Jurors will be placed according to the following figure: Jurors and the fencer on the left. Jurors and the fencer on the right. Whenever one of the jury thinks that he sees a hit, he must immediately call out 'Halte'. When 'Halte'has been called, the President shall loudly ask both the jurors, Nos. 1 and 2 on the left and them only if D, on the right has been hit, and then those on the right, 3 and 4, and them only, if G, on the left, has been hit, commencing with the one who has called "Halte". This double question must always be put by the president, whatever his own opinion regarding a hit may be. In any case, jurors 1 and 2 on the left will not have the right to voluntarily express an opinion if G, the fencer on the left, has been hit, since they have to watch fencer D on the right; but, very exceptionally, in case of doubt, as, for example, a forward hit, the President may consult them. The same remarks shall apply to jurors 3 and 4 on the right, in reference to the fencer D on the right. The jurors on the left must not forget that, generally, one of them can see the whole of the left side of the fencer D on the right, while the other sees the whole of the right side, and that only the front portion of the body can be seen by both. They must be very careful not to refuse a hit noticed by one of them which cannot be seen by both of them at the same time. If they have not seen anything they must abstain. The same observations apply to jurors 3 and 4 in regard to the fencer G on the left. To the successive questions by the President, Is D hit? ("D est-il touche?") "Is G hit?" ("G est-il touche"), the jurors shall reply loudly 'Yes' (Oui;, 'No'(Non), or T abstain' (Je m'abstiens) without any explanations, unless the President puts an additional question. If one of the jurors says Yes (Oui), the other No (Non), the President, whose duty it is principally to watch the course of the combat as a whole and no fencer in particular, in order to judge clearly the simultaneousness of the hits, may, however have seen the hit made; he will in such a case divide the jury, but he will give his opinion last. If he does not do so, the fencer will have the benefit of the doubt, and be declared as not hit; but in order that his opponent may not suffer from this doubt, if the latter be hit at the same time or later, the last named hit will like wise be cancelled and the combat will recommence. If one of the jurors says 'yes' while the other, not having seen the hit, says T abstain' (Je m'abstiens), and if the President cannot pronounce an opinion, the fencer is declared hit. As a rule, if there is a doubt, the fencer has the benefit of it without his opponent suffering. If one of the jurors abstains, the opinion of the other shall decide. If jurors 1 and 2 on the left declare the fencer D on the right, hit, and jurors 3 and 4 on the right declare the fencer G on the left, hit, the President must immediately ask if there was any remise, and, if so, which hit was first. He then shall ask jurors I and 2, on the left, to point out the exact spot where the fencer D on the right was hit, by putting their fingers on the spot touched, and to indicate the slope of the body at the precise moment when the hits were made. (Difference of length of line.) The same questions shall be put to jurors 3 and 4, on the right, regarding the fencer G on the left. Then the President will communicate to the 4 jurors the results of their replies regarding the time and length of line. Since, on the other hand, though the jurors are directed to watch only one fenc.er, they may have been able to form an exact impression regarding the time of the hits received and given, the only course for the President will be to take the jurors' votes, beginning with the youngest. He himself will vote last. He will then ask "Is it a coup double?" and, should he receive a negative reply, "Which one is hit"'. The Jury will be invested with plenary powers for the observance of these rules- It will have the right, after giving one warning, to disqualify anyone not conforming to these rules

12 j CONSTITUTION OF THE POOLS. A. In the individual Competitions. The pools are; eliminating; semi-finals; final. Eliminating pools; no pool shall consist of more than 8 fencers and no more than 4 fencers shall pass out of it into the next round. The exact number of fencers who are to take part in a pool, shall, if necessary, be decided by the Swedish Fencing Committee. In a succeeding round, only those who have done best in the preceding eliminate ing pools shall compete. Final pool. The eight best in the semi-finals shall compete in the final. Division of the Competitors in the pools. The fencers will be so arranged in the eliminating- and semi-final pools, that, representatives of each nation shall, as far as possible, fence against those of other nations. This placing will be decided by lot. Each fencer in a pool will be designated by a number, drawn by lot, and the order of the bouts will be as follows: _ r v^. /. For a pool of four (4): (1) 1 4 (5) 2 4 For a pool of five (5); (1) 1 4 (5) 3-5 (9) 2-5 For a pool of six (6): CO 1-4 (5) 2-6 (9) 4-5 (13) 1 3 For a pool of seven (7): (1) 1 4 (5) 5-4 (9) 3-4 (13) ) 2 4 (21) 4 7 For a pool of eight (8) «i-5 (5) i-6 (9) i 7 (13) (17) 1 2 (21) 1 3 (25) 1 4 For a pool of n (2) 2 3 ( 6 ) ^3 (2) 2-3 (6) 2 4 (10) 1 3 (2) 2 5 (6) 3 4 (10) 1 2 (14) 2 4 (2) 2-5 ( 6 ) 2-3 (10) 2 6 (H) 2 7 (18) 3 7 (2) 2 6. (6) 2-7 (10) 2 8 I 4) 2 5 (18) 3-4 (22) 2 4 (26) (3) 1-2 (4) 3-4 (3) 4-5 (7) i-5 (3) 3 6 (7) 1-6 (11) 3-5 (15) 5 6 (3) 3 S (7) 6 7 (11) 5-7 (15) 3-5 (19) 5 6 (3) 3 7 (7) 3-8 (11) 3-5 (15) 3 6 (19) 5 6 (23) 5 7 (27) 5-8 (4) 1-2 (8) 3-4 (4) 1 5,(8) ) 4 6 (4) 1-7 (8) 1-5 (12) 1 3 (16) 1 6 (20) 1 2 (4) 4 S (8) 4-5 (12) 4 6 (16) 4 7 (20) 7 8 (24) 6 8 (28) 6 7 n (n 1) 2 For scoring, official scoring sheets of the following appearance will be employed Scoring sheet. Individual competition with foils.»» 6pee.»»» sabre Mod. Pentathlon, epee. Nation Name No. 7 Counter No No. of Wins 1 1 : 2 : l i i l i ill j 4 1. j j 7 m 0 in X President. The result of each assault is marked by the signs: (x = defeat; o = win.) ^ = coup double. Eliminating Pool No. Semi-final»» Final»» x = defeat; o = win x = coup double. x fgr Secretary. Placing In the contests in which there are several hits, each hit received is marked by a line as well. Example; Nos. 7 an( i ^ meet in the foils, where the contest is decided by five hits. N:o 8 receives three hits from no. 7 and hits him 5 times. See the method of scoring on the above scoring sheet. A tie will be decided by one hit. The placing is determined by the number of wins, or, should these be equal, by the number of hits received. B. In the Team Competitions. The captain is responsible to the Swedish Olympic Committee and to the President of the Jury for the proper behaviour of his team. He will select the four fencers to compete in each pool. Only in case of a serious accident acknowledged by the Jury can a fencer be replaced by another during the same pool. Each team will be designated by a number drawn by lot. The teams will fight in the order laid down for individual contests. In the pool competition with two teams, the members of the team bearing the lowest number, will be numbered from i to 4 and the members of the other team from 5 to 8. These numbers will be distributed by the captains. The captain will hand to the President of the Jury in due time, before each pool, a list of the names and numbers of his fencers who are to take part in the pool. He alone is authorized to make any necessary claims on behalf of the members of his team. The order of the assaults will be the following (!) 1-5 (2) 2 6 (3) 3 7 (4) 4-8 (5) 1 6 (6) 2 7 (7) 3-8 (8) 4 5 (9) 1 7 (10) 2 8 (11) 3-5 (12) 4 6 (13) 1-8 (14) 2-5 (15) 3-6 (16) I

13 The Scoring Sheet will be on the following plan: Competition for epee teams.»» sabre» Team (Nation) j No. I I 2 TT i 4 Scoring Sheet. Counter No. 3 I 4 5 I 6 j 7 «President. The result of each assault is marked by the signs: X X X defeat; o = win. coup double. Wins i of each fencer X = defeat, o = win. ^ = coup double. Wins of the team Placing Secretary. In the contests with several hits, each hit received is marked by a line as well. See the scoring sheet, on the preceding page. In each contest between two teams, the winning team shall be the one which has the fewest number of hits registered against it. As soon as one team has had nine points scored against it, it is defeated and the Captain may withdraw if he pleases, but he has the right to complete the series if he desires to do so. In a contest between two teams, when the number of hits is equal they shall fight their series again with the same men, until one team has established its superiority. Contests. General Rules. Only the hits made neatly and cleanly will he counted. The thrust must hit with the point. The cut must hit with the edge; a cut which hits the body but which, at the same time, clearly strikes the guard is not counted. Places where the hits are counted. With the foil; the trunk from the collar-bone to the line of the hips. If a fencer, by adopting an ungainly position, unduly effaces the target in exposing irregularly another portion of the body, or instead of parrying, covers his chest with his arm, hand or head, the hits on these parts will be counted. With the sword and the sabre; the whole body; all the limbs and the head; that is to say everywhere. The competitors will be placed against each other standing straight, the arm extended, point to point. They take back guard and will commence on the double command of the President; i) En garde! 2) Allez messieurs! Take guard! Go! On the command "Halte", the competitors must immediately stop. Any hits given after the command have no value. A hit given to a fallen or disarmed ad versary has no value if the fencer has had time to recognize that an accident has happened. The Corps a corps will be stopped by the President. It is a corps a corps when the fencers are in actual bodily contact, or when one of the fencers ceases to parry only with his weapon and defends himself with any part of his body. Ihe corps a corps must not be confused with the combat rapproche, which is allowable. It is forbidden to hinder the action of an opponent's weapon with the arm or hand or to make use of the unemployed arm and hand for parrying. Special rules for the contests with foils. The combats shall he carried out according to the fencing rules. The attacker must take cover. The receiver of an attack must first parry. The coup double is the movement which most damages the art of fencing. A fencer who, either by not parrying or not completing the phrase, thereby produces a 'coup double', has a hit scored against himself alone. In case of an initial movement of aggression at the same instant, the 'coup double' is not counted. If, in a case of this kind, one of the simultaneous hits is made on a prohibited part of the body, this hit is not counted unless the jury should be firmly persuaded that the prohibited portion was not deliberately aimed at, or exposed intentionally. The stop-hit (coup d'arret) is a counter-attack made upon the opponent's preparation to attack, or upon a feint. If a player who attemps to make a stop-hit, hits his adversary and is himself untouched, or if he hits his opponent an appreciable interval of time before he is himself touched, the hit is in his favour. If he is hit simultaneously (coup double), the hit is in favour of his opponent. The time-hit (coup de temps) is a counter-attack made with opposition upon the opponents's attack in such a way that it parries the attack on which it is made. A time attack is valid only if the player who attempts it remains absolutely untouched, and in case of simultaneous hits, the hit is against the fencer who delivers the time hit. 7he rcdoublement is the renewal of an attack, immediately after the first, made either in the same line or otherwise. Its aim is to profit by the disorder caused by the first attack on an opponent who has parried without a riposte, or who has avoided a hit by retreating. In the first case the second attack is preceded by a reprise of the backward guard, in the second case by a forward guard. The Reprise d'attaque is an attack made, without retrieving, after an adverse parade not followed by a riposte. In the case of a riposte directe (a temps perdu) if the reprise d'attaque result in the coup double, the resulting hits are invalid (simultaneous attacks). The remise is a time hit, made after the development, and without retrieving^ on a riposte composee. It is practiced also after an insufficient parade and which is not followed by a riposte. d) In the case of a riposte composee, if the remise results in the coup double, the riposte alon6 is valid (time hit). h) If there is a remise on the immediate riposte, only the riposte is valid. When ihe two fencers are hit simultaneously three cases can arise: 1st. The attacker alone may be declared hit. 2nd. The defender»»»»» 3rd. A hit may be counted against neither. That is to say: 1:0 The attacker is at fault and the hit is against him: d) If he runs on the point of his opponent, with his arm naturally extended against him, without having attacked so as to make the blade deviate from the line. h) If, on attempting an attack on the blade, he is deceived but continues his attack. 1023

14 c) If he tries to parry a stop-hit (coup d'arret) and does not succeed, but nevertheless continues his attack. d) If in the execution of a feinte he meets his opponent's blade and, notwithstanding his opponent's riposte, continues the attack. e) If he makes a remise on the immediate riposte of his opponent. 2:0 The defender is at fault and the hit is against him: d) If he makes a stop-hit on a simple attack. b) If he makes a time hit, but without cover. 3:0 Both are at fault and no hit is scored: a) In the event of a simultaneous attack. b) If one of the combatants makes an attack composed of several feints, without covering himself, and the other, after having attempted to parry the first feints, risk a stop-hit. c) If, in the case of a riposte a temps perdu, the reprise occurs simultaneously. Special rules for the Epee and Sabre Competitions. The rules given above, which were drawn up for the foil competitions, are also applicable to the epee and sabre contests as regards the reconstruction of the phrase d'armes, whereby a hit results. 1 his reconstruction of the phrase and of the thrust is not solely to determine, as in the foil assaults, which of the two opponents is right or wrong from a fencing point of view, but to permit the determination of the relative successive positions of the opposing epees at different moments ot the decisive phrase of the contests, in order to be able to determine as clearly as possible the following two factors: the difference in time between the hits, and the varying lengths of the lines of attack. It must then be considered, not only as a purely theoretical dissertation, but also as a means of study of the sole practical result which the judges may have to consider; the coup de pointe for the sword, the coup de pointe and de taille for the sabre. But since experience shows that the coups doubles (simultaneous hits) are relatively infrequent in the serious contests, and as, in any case, it is almost impossible to decide on the simultaneousness of the two hits, this result a -'Coup double" always forms a doubtful case. For this, reason the judges must by every possible means, i. e.: by reconstructing the phrase d'armes; by determining the relative positions of the opposing weapons; by determining the distance; endeavour to establish the difference of time between the two hits. ihey then vote to determine which fencer has been hit first, or if there is a coup double. In the case of a coup double, each of the fencers is considered hit. FOOTBALL. SPECIAL RULES. 1. The competition shall be under the control and management of the Sub- Committee for Football appointed by the Swedish Football Association. The Committee's decision on all matters relating to the competition shall be final and without appeal. The Committee shall appoint Referees and Linesmen in all matches. 2. The competition shall be played according to the rules and regulations of the Swedish Football Association, which correspond to the Laws of the Game as promulgated by the Federation Internationale de Football Association. The competition shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition. An amateur, player is one who has never: a) Competed for a money prize, or received any remuneration or consideration of any sort above his necessary hotel and travelling expenses actually paid in connection with football matches; b) Engaged in, assisted in, or taught in any branch of sport EIS a means of pecuniary gain; c) Been registered as a professional; d) Sold, pawned, hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competitoin. 3. Each National Football Association belonging to a nation recognized as such by the International Olympic Committee and affiliated to the International Football Federation (Federation Internationale de Football Association) is entitled to send four teams. 4. The competition shall be conducted in the following manner. The competing teams shall be drawn in couples. These teams shall compete, and the winners shall be drawn again in couples, and so on, until the competition is completed. 5. Each team shall compete in its National Association colours. Where the colours of the two competing teams are the same, one of the teams shall play in such colours as may be determined by the Swedish Sub-Committee for Football. 6. Players of each team may be changed during the series of matches. 7. The duration of a match shall be one hour and a half. 8. Should a match result in a draw, an extra half hour shall be played. Should the match result in a draw after it has been played for two hours, it must be replayed as the Committee may determine. g. The dimensions of the field of play shall be; length 115 yards fioj metres.), breadth 75 yards (6<S 1 / 2 metres). 10. Laws of the Game. The laws to be followed will be those fixed by the Federation Internationale de Football Association for the season 1911/ Fifth Olympiad. IO25

15 GYMNASTICS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Gymnastics appointed by the Svenska Gymnastikforbundet (Swedish Gymnastic Association). 2. The competition shall be confined to amateurs according to the following definition; An amateur is one a) who has never, for pecuniary gain, taken part in an open competition or display; b) who has never taken part in a competition with money prizes; i) who in all other respects is ap amateur according to the rules of his own country. Gymnastic teachers and leaders, even though they receive payment as such, are regarded as amateurs. 3. The judges for Competition I will be appointed by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. The judges for Competitions II and III and IV will be selected in such a way that each nation competing in Competitions II or III or entering at least 5 men in Competition IV, has the right to appoint one judge. The name, title, and address of such judge shall be sent in to the Swedish Olympic Committee before May 1st, igi2, In case of sufficient judges not having been selected before the above-mentioned date, the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics will complete the number. 4. All competitors who do not appear at the place of competition at the time fixed in the programme forfeit their right to take part. 5. Any gymnast leaving his team without the permission of a judge shall forfeit his right to return to the team. 6. No gymnast shall be allowed to replace another during the course of the competition. 7. The Gymnasts must.conform to the directions of the judges. 8. Cases of illness, indisposition or injury occurring during the competitions shall be immediately reported to the judges and confirmed by the official doctors. 9. Protest against the admission of any gymnast to the competition shall be made before the commencement of the competition, or immediately on an occasion arising. (See paragraph 13 "Olympic Games; General Regulations".) SPECIAL RULES. I. Team Competition with Exercises according to the Swedish system. I- Exercises. The competing team must execute a complete set of exercises (day-table). Each member of the team must execute every movement. 2. Apparatus. The following apparatus on the Swedish model will be placed at the disposal of the competitors: 4 beams (double); 20 ribbstalls (stall-bars), available from both sides, thus enabling 40 competitors to perform simultaneously; 2 inclined ropes; vertical ropes; 2 horses with adjustable legs; 3 plinths (vaulting-boxes); 1 buck with adjustable legs; 6 benches with balance-bar and movable hooks; 8 beam-saddles. Planks for the run and take-off will be at hand, and may be used if desired. Platforms and Spring-boards may not be used. 3. Programme. Each competing team may arrange its own programme as regards the various movements. Six type-written copies of the complete programme for the competition must be sent in, together with the entry, under registered cover, bearing the following heading: "Programme de Concours de Gymnastique I". The programme, which will not be shown to anyone except the respective judges, may be written in Swedish, Norwegian, Danish English, French or German. 4. Dress. All the members of a team must be dressed alike. 5- Time. The time allowed to each team for the march-in, the execution of the various exercises and the march-out is, I hour. 6. Judges. The judges shall be five in number, and each shall award points independently; during the competition they shall not consult with each other about the judging, and immediately on the conclusion of each competition, shall send in their protocols, duly signed, to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. 7. Principles for Judging. Each judge shall award points, from o (minimum) 15 (maximum), for each of the groups mentioned below. Each group has a fixed coefficient, which, multiplied by the number of marks, shall decide the points of each group. The points obtained by the groups shall be added together. Groups comprised in the plan of judging. Marks Coefficient Max. points Introductory exercises o Archflexions» Heaving movements» 7,0 5 Balance movements» 4 60 Shoulder-blade movements» 6 90 Abdominal exercises» 6 9 Marching and running» 7 I0 5 Lateral trunk movements» 7 io 5 Vaulting 8 7 io 5 Concluding exercises» 4 60 Evenness and precision > Total 1,035 Each judge will keep his own protocol. The average of the totals of the five protocols will decide the result of the team competition. Should the programme include several exercises or movements of the same group, except in the introductory and concluding groups, separate marks will be awarded for each exercise. 1027

16 The average of marks awarded for movements of a similar nature will be multiplied by the coefficient of the group. Deflective exercises will be counted and judged with the movement which they complete. The individual competitor's manner of moving in exercises of translation will be counted and judged with the exercise, in connection with which such movement takes place. Evenness and precision comprise: uniformity, attention, and correctness of execution by all the members, correct time and rhythm in the different movements, strength and suppleness in the right place. The judges shall assist in calculating the points for the various teams. There is no appeal against the decisions of the judges. II. Team Competition with Exercises according to the conditions stated below. The competing teams shall execute; l. Exercises. ) a series of free exercises in unison, with or without hand apparatus (such as wands, sticks, dumb-bells, Indian clubs &c."), ) a series of exercises on the horizontal bar, c) ft :>»» parallel bars, dj o»» f»» pommelled horse, e) exercises according to the leader's selection, with or without apparatus, but not with those mentioned under b, c, d, however. All the competitors of a team shall perform the same series and must execute all the exercises. Movements on.one apparatus shall be completed by the entire team before movements on another apparatus are begun. 2. Apparatus. The following apparatus will be placed at the disposal of the competitors; 4 Horizontal Bars, (Height of bar 240 cm., length 220 cm., thickness 32 mm.; bar of polished steel.) 4 Parallel Bars. (Parallel bars; height 160 cm., length of bars 3 m., their thickness mm., and their distance from each other cm.) 4 Pommelled Horses. (Height of horse 130 cm., length 2 m., height of pommels cm., distance from each other, cm. and their thickness mm.) 4 Pairs of Rings. (Round rings, height 240 cm.) Hand apparatus (such as wands, sticks, dumb-bells, clubs &c.). apparatus, not mentioned here, must be supplied by the team. 3- Programme. Other movable Each team shall arrange its own programme both for the free exercises and the exercises on apparatus. Six type-written copies of the complete programme for the competition must be sent in, together with the entry, under registered cover bearing the following heading; "Programme de Concours de Gymnastique 11". The programme, which will not be shown to anyone except the respective judges, may be written in English, French or German. 102S 4. Leader. Competing teams shall be under the command of a leader who shall not participate in the competition. He can show the free exercises at the team gymnastics and shall command the team. During the execution of the exercises on the apparatus, the leader may keep near the apparatus in order to prevent possible accidents, but must not help in the execution of the exercises. The exercises performed by him are not reckoned and do not affect the points of the team. The leader's name and profession shall be stated in the entry. 5- Dress. All the members of a team must be dressed alike. Competitors will not be allowed to modify their dress during the course of a competition. 6. Time- The time allowed to each team for the march-in, the execution of various exercises. and the march-out is 1 hour. 7- Order of rotation. The order stated in the programme for the divisions a e must be followed. 8. Principles for Judging. The judges shall be at least 5 in number, and shall officiate at all the competitions, unless prevented by illness or other urgent cause. The judges shall devote their entire attention to the competitions, and the judges may not undertake any other duties which may cause them to leave the place of competition, or, which place any obstacle in the way of the regular performance of the work. The judges together form a jury, which shall appoint a president from its number. The requisite number of officials will be placed at the disposal of the jury by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. When judging, the judges shall each award the points independently, and shall not consult with each other regarding them. Protocol forms will be supplied by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. The protocols, duly signed, shall be sent in to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics immediately on the close of the competition. During the competition the judges may not divulge the points awarded by them. The points will be awarded as follows: 1. for the free exercises in unison: For the carriage of the team; a maximum of 2 points and for execution; o 10 points comprising; o points for no execution 2»» bad» ^ 4 moderate? 6 s» satisfactory» ' t good j 10 > v excellent These points will be awarded to the whole team once. 2. competition groups b, c and d: For the carriage of the team; for the manner of approaching the apparatus; max. I point. 1,1,»» leaving the apparatus;» " I» These points will be awarded to the whole team for each of the three stipulated apparatus or 3 times in all; 1029

17 for the execution: o 10 points comprising: o points for no execution 2»» bad 4»» moderate 6»» satisfactory 8»» good i o»» excellent These points will be awarded to the whole team for each of the 3 stipulated paratus thus 3 times. 3. for competition group e: for execution o 10 points, comprising: o points, for no execution 2»» bad» 4»» moderate» 6»» satisfactory» 10»» excellent» These points will be awarded once to the whole team. The intermediate points allowed are:.7 5,.5 0 and.2 5 The maximum number of points to be awarded by one judge shall be; 1. for free exercises in unison:» carriage 2» execution for exercises on the three apparatus prescribed c and d: for carriage and for manner of moving to and from the apparatus: for execution: 2 points x 3 apparatus 6 10 points X 3 apparatus for exercises under e: for execution 10 total maximum: 58 points The judges shall assist in calculating the points for the various teams. The average of the total sums of the protocols shall decide the result of the team com petition. There is no appeal against the decisions of the judges. III. Team Competition with free choice of Movements and Apparatus. 1. Exercises. The competing team shall itself select the movements. 2. Apparatus. For details regarding the apparatus, see "Special Rules" I. 2 and II Programme. Each team shall arrange its own programme. Six type written copies of the complete programme for the competiti'on must be sent in, together with the entry, in a registered envelope, bearing the following heading "Programme de Concours de Gymnastic III". The programme, which will not be shown to anyone except the respective judges, may be written in English, French or German Leader. Competing teams shall be under the command of a leader who shall not participate in the competition. He can show the free exercises of the team gymnastics and shall command the team. During the execution of the exercises on the apparatus, the leader may keep near the apparatus in order to prevent possible accidents, but must not help in the execution of the exercises. The exercises performed by him are not reckoned and do not affect the points of the team. The leader's name and profession shall be stated in the entry. 5. Dress. All the members of a team must be dressed alike. Competitors will not be allowed to modify their dress during the course of a competition. 6. Time. The time allowed to each team for the march in, the execution of various exercises and the march out, is I hour. 7- Principles for judging. The judges shall be at least 5 in number and shall officiate at all the competitions unless prevented by illness.or other urgent cause. The judges shall devote their entire attention to the competitions, and the judges may not undertake any other duties which may cause them to leave the place of competition, or which place any obstacle in the way of the regular performance of the work. The judges together form a jury, which shall appoint a president from its number. The requisite number of officials will be placed at the disposal of the jury by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. When judging, the judges shall each award the points independently, and shall not consult with each other regarding these. Protocol forms will be supplied by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. 1 ] protocols, duly signed, shall be sent in to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics immediately on the close of the competition. During the competition the judges may not divulge the points awarded by them. Each judge shall award points for the whole team from o (minimum) to 25 (maximum). In judging, notice shall be taken of the execution of the movements, the composition of the programme, and the carriage and attention of the team. IV. The competition comprises: Individual Competition. 1. Exercises. 1. Exercises on the horizontal bar 2.»» parallel bars, 3-»» rings 4.»» pommelled horse. 2. Apparatus. For details regarding the apparatus, see Special Rules II Programme. Each competitor has the right to arrange his own programme. 4- Time. Each competitor has 2 minutes -at his disposal at each apparatus. 1031

18 5- Division and order of rotation of the competitors- The competitors shall be allotted competition numbers by means of the ballot, by which the order of rotation will be decided. The order determined upon shall be adhered to throughout the competition at all apparatus. The competitors will be divided into squads of not more than 12 men, and will be led from apparatus to apparatus. 6. Other Regulations. Immediately on his name being called, the competitor shall stand at attention, at a distance of 2 3 meters from the apparatus and facing it. At the word of command: "Borja" (Commence), from which moment the time allowed for execution is taken, the competitor shall approach the apparatus and carry out his programme. Having performed his turn, the competitor shall again stand at attention at thfe apparatus and, on the command of the judge, shall retake his place in the team. Competitors are not allowed to change their dress in any way during the competition. 7- Principles for Judging. There shall be three judges at each apparatus. Each judge shall award the points independently, and shall not consult with his colleagues regarding the points. Immediately after a squad has gone through its programme at an apparatus, the judges' protocols, duly signed, shall be sent in to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. During the competition the judges may not divulge the points awarded by them. Points will be awarded at each apparatus in the following manner: For the manner of approaching the apparatus: max. 1 point. For the manner of leaving the apparatus: max. 1 point. For execution: o 10 points comprising: o points for no execution 2»» bad» 4»» moderate execution 6»» satisfactory» 8»» good» 10»» excellent» Intermediate points allowed are:.75,.50 and.2 5 Maximum points to be awarded by a judge: for manner of moving to and from apparatus: 2 points x 4 apparatus 8 points for execution: 10 points x 4 apparatus 40» total maximum: 48 points The judges shall assist in calculating the points. I he points awarded by all the judges shall be added together, and the total thus obtained shall be decisive. There is no appeal against the decision of the judges. In making their awards the judges shall pay attention to the following points: a) difficulty and quality of the exercises performed; H) combination; c^) change of exercises; d) style. Regarding style, attention shall be paid to the following points: a) the carriage of the competitor on approaching and leaving the apparatus; b) decision and precision; c') speed, when so required by the exercise; d') precision in clutching, and on changing the clutch; e) that the competitor avoids touching the apparatus when not so required by the exercise; f) stiffness in the outstretched limbs; arms and legs shall be fully extended if the exercise requires it; g) bearing of the head. A competitor will not be allowed a second attempt in executing an exercise unless all the officiating judges consider that he had been interfered with at the first attempt through no fault of his own. V. Displays. Each nation has the right to be represented by one team of men and one team of women. Apparatus of Swedish model (see Special Rules, 1. 2) and other models, too, (see Special Rules II, 2) will be at the disposal of the competitors. Teams have the right to bring their own apparatus I0 33

19 HORSE=RIDING COMPETITIONS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions at the Olympiad of Stockholm in 1912 organises, and is responsible for, the Equestrian Games. 2. The Games are confined to gentlemen riders exclusively; professionals are excluded. 3. The following will be considered the definition of a ''gentleman": tor foreign competitors: the definition given in the regulations of the leading Horse-Riding Association of their country; for Swedish competitors: the Racing Rules of the Swedish Jockey Club, art Maximum number of competitors from each country: in individual competitions: six {three reserves), in team competitions and in combined team and individual competitions; one team of four, the first three to count {two reserves). 5. Competitors are entitled to enter not more than two horses, but are only allowed to ride one horse in each competition. 6. Foreigners wishing to take part in the competitions shall send in their applications through the Olympic Committee of their country if so desired, through the War Office of their country to the Swedish Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions. 7. Entries shall be engrossed or type-written on special forms, provided by the Swedish Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions. Each form to serve for one competitor and one competition only. In the case of teams the names of the competitors should be given together with those of the reserves. 8. Entries close on the 1 June, 1912, for competitors and horses and their reserves. No entries will be accepted unless they are in the hands of the Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions before entries close. Entries by telegram will not be accepted. 9. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions reserves to itself the right to refuse the entry of any competitor, without being bound to give any reason for its decision. 10. Protests against the amateur status of a competitor must be lodged in writing at the earliest possible moment, and be in the hands of the Swedish Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions not later than the 1 August Every protest shall be accompanied by a deposit of 20 kronor, which will be forfeited if the protest has been made on unreasonable grounds. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions shall decide on every protest, after having made the necessary investigations into the matter. The decision of the Committee is final. 11. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions shall decide on every dispute concerning entries, general regulations, arrangements, etc., for the competitions, and its decisions shall be final. 12. The Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions will appoint a Swedish President of the International Jury of the Horse-Riding Competitions. All protests against competitors or judges shall be referred to this Jury, against whose decision there is no appeal. Any nation not having appointed a representative of its own on the Jury may be represented by the representative of another country. The names of the several representatives shall be given on the close of entries Foreign competitors will be accorded the following privileges: Free transport in Sweden for horses entered for the games, free stabling, forage and veterinary attendance in Stockholm, free board and lodging for one groom. Furthermore, four competitors from each country in the first instance those entered for the Military competition will have their travelling expenses in Swed en paid, as well as full board and residence in Stockholm while the Horse-Riding Competitions last (not exceeding 7 days). At the expiration of the time for entries, each country shall, through their several Olympic Committees, send in the names of those competitors (and their reserves) who are to enjoy the benefit of the above privileges. Application for free stabling shall be made at the close of entries, on the I June, The Committee will not undertake any responsibility for accidents or illness which may befall any horse entered for the competitions. 15. The judges will, as a rule, be of Swedish nationality. For judging the Prize-Riding competition, foreign judges will also be appointed. Further regulations will be issued later. 16. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions reserves to itself the right to make alterations in, and additions to, the programme and regulations. Propositions. I. Military=Competition. Team competition: One team of not more than four competitors from each country; the first three to count (with not more than two reserves); at the same time Individual competition. Special Regulations. The competition is open only to officers on the active list (not more than four competitors from any country), riding either horses belonging to their respective armies, or those registered in the army as service horses. Entries to be accompanied by a certificate from the commanding officer of the regiment (principal of the Riding School) to the effect that the horse is a bona fide army horse or registered as a service horse. Horses belonging to the army and attached to Government Riding Schools (not to individual officers) for purposes of instruction are barred. The competition is divided into five tests and must not be concluded in less than three days. The Committee shall have the right to interpose one or more days of rest between those days on which competitions are held. Each rider may enter not more than two horses, but can only use one of them, and shall be obliged to ride this one in all the tests. No outside help may be received during the progress of the competition, except in tests 1 and 2, for the purpose of shoeing, veterinary and medical treatment. 1. Long Distance Ride and during its progress: 2. Cross Country Ride. Undress- Uniform without arms. Bitting: curb and snaffle. Saddling optional. Minimum weight: 80 kilos. Distance: 55 kilometres; 50 kilometres on the road and, during the latter part of the ride, 5 kilometres on a cross-country course of 5 kilometres, marked out with flags. Maximum time: For the whole distance, 4 hours, of which 15 n^inutes will be counted for the cross-country ride of 5 kilometres; shorter time, whether for the whole ride or for the cross-country ride, will not be awarded extra points. 1035

20 3' Individual Riding over Steeplechase Course. Undress-Uniform without arms. Bitting and Saddling optional. Minimum weight: 80 kilos. Distance: 3,500 metres with 10 obstacles. Maximum time: 5 minutes 5 seconds; shorter time will not receive extra points. 4- Prize jumping Competition. Undress-Uniform without arms. Bitting: curb and snaffle. Saddling optional. Minimum weight: 80 kilos. Obstacles: 15 high jumps of not more than 1,3 metres (fixed), the long jumps will not be above 3 metres. Other conditions according to propositions for the prize-jumping competition of the Olympic Games (III). 5- Prize=Riding Competition. Undress-Uniform without arms. Bitting: curb and snaffle. Saddling optional. Weight: optional. To be performed according to the regulations for the prize-riding competition of the Olympic Games (II). Figure 8 at a gallop, change of gallop from one leg to another, obstacle and obedience-test will not be required. Principles for judging. 1. Long Distance Ride. This is to be considered as a test of endurance. Riders who have covered the distance within the maximum time will receive 10 points. For every minute or fraction of a minute in excess of this time, 1 point will be deducted. 2. Cross-Country Riding. Each judge will give points for the part of the course under his control, starting from the figure 10, which will be reduced in each case: for refusing and bolting the first time by 2 points,»» or» again; falling (the horse falling), and for being thrown (the rider being unseated): for each time and obstacle» 5 8 For every period of 5 seconds or fraction thereof in excess of the maximum time, the number of points will be reduced by 2. Individal Riding over Steeplechase Course. For each obstacle, points will be allowed starting from the figure 10, which in each case of refusing or bolting, falling (of the horse) and of the rider being unseated (the rider falling off his horse) will be reduced by 5 points. For every second or fraction of a second in excess of the stipulated maximum time, 2 points will be deducted. 4. Prize-Jumping Competition (see supplement 1 and 2). To be judged according to the regulations for the Prize-Jumping Competition of the Olympic Games (III). 5. Prize-Riding Competition. To be judged according to the regulations for the Prize-Riding Competition of the Olympic Games (II). Rules for determining the Placing. After each test the points of each competitor will be added up. In order to give equal importance to the different tests for the final result, the latter will be determined according to the following principles; 1036 T. he maximum number of points will be worked out for each test and divided by 10. The number of points of each competitor will then be divided in each test by the number thus obtained for the respective test. This will give a quotient, varying between to and o, which will form the number of points of the respective competitors in the respective tests. The total sum of the final points in the five tests will be the final number of points of the competitor, and this number will determine the order in the individual competition. The rider obtaining the highest number of points will be placed as No. 1, the one obtaining the next highest number will be placed as No. 2, and so on. In the team competitions, the nation whose best three competitors have obtained the highest total number of points will be the winner, the nation obtaining the next highest number will be' second, and so on. II. Prize Riding Competition. Individual competition, not more than six competitors from each country Preserves not to exceed three). Special Regulations. The competition is open to all horses except those belonging to the army and attached to Government Riding Schools (not to individual officers) for purposes of instruction. Every rider may enter not more than two horses, but may only ride one. The prize will be awarded to the rider, not to the owner of the horse. Ihe riding will take place in the Stadium in an open, rectangular court, 40 metres by 20, the sides of which are clearly indicated. Dress: Officers to wear uniform without arms, others high hat or hunting dress. Bitting: Curb and snaffle; martingales, or other special reins not allowed. Saddling: optional. Programme. The rider shall enter at a gallop, halt 10 metres in front of, and facing, the judges salute. After halting, the horse shall stand still and "at attention" until the signal is given, from which moment the rider is allowed 10 minutes for the performance of the movements specified below, at a walk, trot and gallop. The horse shall now be walked, trotted and galloped in the order named, each gait in an unbroken succession. All movements shall be exhibited alike from both sides in all the paces. The judges will not take into consideration such movements as Passage, Piaffe, Spanish trot, etc. Holding the reins, optional. When riding and holding the reins principally with one hand, I point extra will, however, be added to the number of points given for holding the reins, during the walk and trot collectively; for the same in galloping, 2 points will be added. The walk (about i'/j minute) shall be free and long-striding. The trot (about 3 1 / 2 minutes) shall be ridden both "collected" and "fast". From "collected" trot a halt is made, then backing in a straight line (at least 6 metres at a stretch) and an immediate advance at a "collected" trot; turns, volts and facing -about on the hind-quarters without any previous halt. The gallop (about 5 minutes) shall be ridden both "collected" and "fast", and the same movements as in the trot shall be displayed, and likewise: breaking into a gallop from a standstill; figure 8 with a diameter of about eight metres, in which the gallop shall be kept up alternately (left-handed) and changed both ways; change of gallop from one leg to another in a straight line at least four times; fast gallop, facing-about on hind quarters, fast gallop; a halt is made from fast gallop, followed immediately by trot. 1037

21 5 obstacles to be taken at a gallop immediately after the performance of the programme. High jumps: one to be 0.8 metres high, two i.o metre and one l.i metre. Long jump: one to be 3 metres wide. Obedience in the horse and controlling power of the rider will be tested by walking the horse up to, possibly over or through, the object, which has alarmed him. There will be no firing of guns, beating of drums etc. Principles for Judging. Each judge shall give points from o to 10 for each of the following items: 1) The horse's carriage when standing still, 2) walking, 3) trotting, 4) galloping, 5) the rider's seat in the saddle, 6) handling and management of the reins, 7) the movements and ability of the horse to turn, 8) jumping and 9) the rider's management, exhibition and control of the horse. The horse shall, in all paces, move smoothly and be well on the bit with a steady head. In turning, the horse Shall be set in the neck and have the trunk bent in the direction of the turn; when turning in the gallop, it shall be set to the right when riding a right gallop, in the opposite case to the left. When backing, the horse shall be well gathered together. The rider's seat shall be correct and must show a good, and supple grip of the horse, in unison with the motion of the horse, and without exaggerated movements. If the rider omit any of the movements stipulated in the programme, I point will be deducted. Should such omission be repeated, this will be considered a lack of training and occasion a deduction of 5 points. The judges are entitled to demand a repetition of any detail of the rider's performance, and an exhibition af any movements that may possibly have been omitted. In the event of a movement having been omitted, a judge is obliged to point this out to the other judges after the programme has been gone through. Rules for determining the Placing. For each performance under the heading of "Principles for judging" (1 9) a certain number of points will be allotted. All these figures will be added together for each competitor in the protocol of each of the judges, by which means the total number of points awarded to each competitor will be determined. After all the competitors have ridden, each judge will receive a summary ot his protocols, in which the competitors are placed according to the total number of points by the respective judge. The judge awards the first place to the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points, the second to the next one, and so on. In case of two or more competitors obtaining the same total number of points, the judge will decide their respective places according to his impression of the performance of the competitors as a whole. The rider whom a majority of the judges have placed as No. I will be the winner. In case of there not being a majority in favour of any one competitor, the result will be obtained by adding the figures given by each judge, in which case the lowest figure will be declared the winner, the next lowest, second, and so on. If, in spite of this, the total number of all the points should remain equal for two or more competitors, the total of the points awarded by all the judges to the respective competitors will decide the award of the prizes, in which case the highest number of points will be No. I, the next one No. 2, and so on. In the event of even such a procedure not giving a decision, the competitors with the same number of points shall draw lots Example of the Display Programme. Walking. (Fig. 1.) D T 7 y A Jr^\ / 1 / \ \ 0 c u Fig. 2, Starting point = X. Follow the square to the right, between Y and D volt back, follow the square to the left, between Z and C volt back, follow the square to the right, ''collected" trot at U. Trotting. (Fig. 2.) Between A and Y one volt, volt back between Y and D, between B and Z one volt, volt back between Z and C halt between Z and B, backing, "collected" trot to Y, about-face, "collected" trot to Z, halt, backing, "collected" trot to Y, about-face, fast trot round the square to U, turn right up, at V follow the square to the left, at a fast trot, once round the square to V, turn straight up and make a halt at X. Gallop. (Fig. 3-) At X a "collected" right gallop from standstill, at U follow the square to the right, between A and Y one volt, between Y and D volt back with change of gallop, halt between Y and A, from standstill "collected" left gallop, betwen B and Z one volt, between Z and C volt back with change of gallop, halt between Z and B backing, "collected" right gallop, by Y about-face, "collected" left gallop to Z, halt, backing, "collected" left gallop to Y, about-face, "collected" right gallop, at V turn straight up to P, after which on figure 8. From figure 8 "collected" right gallop to U, follow the square to the right from U to V at a "collected" gallop, turn straight up, 4 changes of gallop on the centre line to U, follow the square to the right at a fast gallop to V, turn straight up, halt at O, right-about-face on the hindquarters, fast left gallop to V and round the square to U, turn straight up, at O left-about-face on the hind-quarters, right gallop, halt at P, trot to U, halt, finish Z) V Y /(O A 1/ c? ^ \ n\ ;.c Fig- 3-7

22 III. Prize=Jumping Competition. A. Individual Competition. Not more than six competitors from each country, (reserves not to exceed three). B. Team Competition. One team of not more than four competitors from each country, the first three to count (reserves not to exceed two). Special Regulations. The competition is open to all horses except those belonging to the army and attached to Government Riding Schools (not to individual officers) for purposes ot instruction. Each rider may enter not more than two horses, but may only ride one. The prizes will be awarded to the rider, not to the owner of the horse. The prize-jumping competition will take place on an obstacle-course in the Stadium. Dress; Officers to wear undress-uniform," without arms; others high hat or hunting dress. Bitting and saddling optional. Minimum weight: 75 kilos. Number of obstacles 19 (see supplements I and 3). Maximum height 1.4 metres (fixed). The obstacles will have a solid appearance, but will be so constructed that essential portions will give way when, struck with force. For judging touches there will be a loose marking lath. Long jump obstacles not to exceed 4 metres. Riders to cover the obstacle-course at the rate of 400 metres a minute, which will be timed; less time will not be awarded additional points. Competitors are not allowed to try the jumps before the competition. Taking part in a previous competition will not be counted as a trial of the jumps. Principles for Judging. Points will be given for each obstacle, starting from the figure 10, which will be reduced in each case: for refusing and bolting the first time... by 2 points,» falling (of - the horse), refusing or bolting the second time» 4»» refusing or bolting again and falling off (the rider being unseated)» 6» and further in taking the high jumps: for touching with fore legs by I point,»»» hind»» 1»» knocking down the fence with the fore legs» 4»» knocking down the fence with the hind legs» 2» For touching or knocking down with both fore and hind legs, only the fore legs will be counted. for long jumps: if the horse lands with his hind-legs on the limit mark on the far side of the ditch by 1 point, if the horse lands with his hind-legs inside the limit-mark, or touches the surface of the water with his hind-legs» 2» 1040 if the horse lands with his fore-legs on the limit mark on the far side of the ditch by 2 points, if the horse lands with his fore-legs inside the limit mark, or touches the surface of the water with his fore-legs» 4» In the case of combined obstacles the above regulations apply to each one separately. Each period of 5 seconds or fraction thereof in excess of the maximum time will incur a penalty of 2 points. Any competitor riding the wrong way or not taking the obstacles in their proper order will be disqualified. If any alteration in the equipment of the horse takes place during the course of the competition, the rider will not, for this reason, be allowed another try over the obstacles. No outside help may be made use of in the course of the competition. Rules for determining the order. The competitors will be placed in numerical order, according to the number of points obtained, and thus the one who has obtained the highest number of points will be placed No. /, the next one. No. 2, and so on. In case of two or more competitors obtaining the same number of points, the competition will be continued between them over obstacles 2, 3, 12, 13, 10, and II, which, in the case of the "Military" competition, will not be increased beyond 1.3 metres, and, in the case of the prize-jumping competition III A and B, not beyond 1.4 metres. In the event of the competitors again reaching the same number of points, the time occupied shall decide who is to be declared the winner. The principles for judging given above shall be in force. In team competitions, that nation will be declared the winner whose best three competitors have obtained the highest total number of points; the nation that has obtained the next highest number will be second, and so on. 66 Fifth Olympiad. 1041

23 Supplement i. Obstacles used in the Horse Riding Competitions. Supplement /. No. I. Hedge. No. 2. Fence. No. 10. Brick-wall, fy /' No. 3. Stone-wall. No. 4. Railway-gates. No. II. Country road. Fence on either side No. 12. Earth-wall with bar. No. 5- Triple bar. No. 6. Fence in dike. No. 13. Stone-wall Dike Stone wall. WWJW^WWT^mVWT^ No. 8. Fence Dike -Hedge. No. 14. Bank Fence. No. 15. Dike

24 Supplement The "Military". Prize^Jumping. 15 obstacles. III. Prize'Jumping A and B. ig obstacles. Supplement 3. LAWN TENNIS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition. An amateur is one who has never: d) taken up any branch of sport as a profession; b) competed in Lawn Tennis competitions or exhibitions, or taught Lawn Tennis for payment or for pecuniary consideration; c) sold, pawned, bartered, hired out or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition; d) competed in an open competition with or against a Lawn Tennis Player who was not an Amateur according to these conditions. 2. The competitions will be arranged by the Sub-Committee for Lawn Tennis appointed by the Swedish Lawn Tennis Association, and will conform to the rules and regulations of that Association (which agree with those of the Lawn Tennis Association of Great Britain). 3. The Committee undertakes all arrangements with regard to the judging of the competitions, and will appoint the referee, who may nominate a deputy recognized by the Committee. The referee or his deputy shall have the power to appoint umpires. The referee shall decide all disputes concerning the rules of the game, etc., which are referred to him by the Umpires. The Referee's decision shall be final. 4.. The Umpire shall count in the English language. 5. All the matches shall be decided by the best of five sets, with the exception of the singles for ladies and of the mixed doubles, which shall be decided by the best out of three sets. 6. The draw shall be made in the following manner. The name of each competitor shall be written on a separate piece of paper. These pieces of paper shall be put into a bowl or hat, and taken out at random one after the other, after which the names shall be written down on a list in the order in which they were drawn. Every competitor or his representative shall have the right to be present at the draw, which will take place on the first convenient day after entries are closed. 7. If a competitor is absent when it is his turn to play, or refuses to play, or has previously informed the referee or a member of the Committee that he cannot compete, his opponent shall have a walk over. 8. The competitors who have been beaten in the semi-finals shall compete against each other for the third prize. 9. Slazenger's balls shall be used LAWS OF THE GAME. The Single=Handed Game. 1. For the single-handed game, the Court is 27 feet (8.23 m.) in width, and 78 feet (23.78 m.) in length. It is divided across the middle by a net, the ends of which are attached to the tops of two posts which stand 3 ft. (0.91 m.) outside the Court on each side. The height of the net is 3 ft. 6 in. (1.06 m.) at the posts, and 3 feet (o.gi m.) at the centre. At each end of the Court, parallel with the net and at a distance of 39 ft. (11.89 m -) from it, are drawn the Base-lines, the extremities of which are connected by the Side-lines. Halfway between the side lines, and parallel with them, is drawn the Half-Court-line dividing the space on each side of the net into two equal parts, called the Right and Left Courts. On each side of the net, at a distance of 21 ft. (6.4 m.) from it and 1045

25 parallel with it, are drawn the Service-lines. The marking of the Half-court-line between the Service-lines and the Base-lines is omitted, with the exception of a small portion at the centre of each Base-line. 2. The balls shall not be less than 2 ^ inches (63.5 mm.) nor more than 2 Vie in - (^S- 1 mm.), in diameter; and not less than 1 7 / 8 oz. (53 gr.) nor more than 2 oz. (65.1 gr.) in weight. 3. In all competitions where an umpire is appointed his decision shall be final, but if a referee is also officiating, the competitors can appeal to him from the decision of an umpire on a question of law, and in all such cases the decision of the Referee shall be final. 4. The choice of sides and the right to be Server or Striker-out during the first games shall be decided by toss, provided that, if the winner of the toss choose the right to be server or striker-out, the other player shall have the choice of sides, and vice versa, and provided that the winner of the toss may, if he prefer it, require the other player to make the first choice. 5. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the net; the player who first delivers the ball shall be called the Server, the other the Striker-out. 6. At the end of the first game the Striker-out shall become Server, and the Server shall become Striker-out, and so on, alternately, in the subsequent games of the set. 7. The Server shall, before commencing to serve, stand with both feet at rest on the ground behind (i. e. further from the net than) the base-line and within the limits of the imaginary continuation of the half-court and the side-lines, and thereafter the server shall not run, walk, hop or jump before the service has been delivered, but the server may raise one foot from (and, if desired, replace it on) the ground, provided that both feet are kept behind the base-line until the service has been delivered. 8. The Service shall be delivered from the right and left courts alternately, beginning from the right in every game, even though odds be given or owed, and the ball served shall drop within the service-line, half-court-line, and side-line, of the Court which is diagonally opposite to that from which it was served, or upon any such line. 9. It is a fault if the Server commit any breach of Law 7, or if the service be delivered from the wrong Court, or if the ball served drop in the net or beyond the service-line, or if it drop out of Court or in the wrong Court. If the Server in attempting to serve, miss the ball altogether, it does not count a fault; but if the ball be touched, no matter how slightly, by the racket, a service is thereby delivered, and the laws governing the service at once apply. 10. A fault may not be taken. 11. After a fault, the Server shall serve again from the same Court from which he served that fault, unless it was a fault because served from the wrong Court. 12. A fault may not be claimed after the next service has been delivered. 13. The service may not be volleyed, i. e. 9 taken before it touches the ground, even though the ball be clearly outside the Service Court. 14. The Server shall not serve until the Striker-out is ready. If the latter attempt to return the service, but fail, he loses the stroke. If, however, the Strikerout signify that he is not ready after the service has been delivered, but before the ball touch the ground, he may not claim a fault because the ball ultimately drops outside the Service Court. 15. A ball is in play from the moment at which it is delivered in service (unless a fault) until it; d) has been volleyed by the Striker-out in his first stroke; h) has dropped in the net or out of Court; c) has touched either of the players or anything that he wears or carries except his racket in the act of striking; d) has been struck by either of the players with his racket more than once consecutively; e) has been volleyed before it has passed over the net; f) has failed to pass over the net before its first bound (except as provided in Law 17); g) has touched the ground twice consecutively on either side of the net, though the second time may be out of Court It is a let if the ball served touch the net, provided the service be otherwise good, or if a service or fault be delivered when the Striker-out is not ready. In case a player is obstructed by any accident not within his control, the ball shall be considered a let; but where a permanent fixture of the Court is the cause of the accident, the point shall be counted. The benches and chairs placed around the Court and their occupants, and the umpire and linesmen shall be considered permanent fixtures. If, however, a ball in play strike a permanent fixture of the Court (other than the net or post) before it touches the ground, the point is lost; if after it has touched the ground, the point shall be counted. In case of a let, the service or stroke counts for nothing, and the server shall serve again. A let does not annul a previous fault. 17. It is a good return: d) if a ball touch the net or post, provided that it pass over either and drops into the Court; h) if a ball, served or returned, drop into the proper Court and screw or be blown back over the net, and the player whose turn it is to strike reach over the net and play the ball, provided that neither he nor any part of his clothes or racket touch the net, and that the stroke be otherwise good; c) if a ball be returned outside the post, either above or below the level of the top of the net, even though it touch the post, and provided that it drop into the proper Court; d') if the player's racket pass over the net after he has returned the ball, provided the ball pass over the net before being played and be properly returned; e) if a player succeed in returning a ball, served or in play, which strikes a ball lying in the Court. 18. The Server wins a stroke: a) if the Striker-out volley the service, or fail to return the service or the ball in play (except in the case of a let); h) if he return the service or ball in play so that it drop outside any of the lines which bound his opponent's Court; c) if he otherwise lose a stroke, as provided by Law ! The Striker-out wins a stroke: d) if the Server serve two consecutive faults; h) if the' Server fail to return the ball in play (except in the case of a let); c) if the Server return the ball in play so that it drops outside any of the lines which bound his opponent's Court; d) if the Server otherwise lose a stroke, as provided by Law Either player loses a stroke: a) if the ball in play touch him or anything that he wears or carries, except his racket in the act of striking, or if he volley the ball (unless he thereby makes a good return), no matter whether he is standing within the precints of the Court or outside them; h) if he touch or strike the ball in-play with his racket more than once consecutively ; c) if he or his racket, in his hand orj otherwise, touch the net or any of its supports while the ball is in play; d) if he volley the ball before it has passed the net. 21. On either player winning his first stroke, the score is called 75 for that player; on either player winning his second stroke, the score is called jo for that player; on either player winning his third stroke, the-score is called 40 for that player; and the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game for that player; except as below: If both players have won three strokes, the score is called deuce; and the next stroke won by either player is scored advantage for that player. If the same player win the next stroke, he wins the game; if he lose the next stroke, the score is again called deuce; and so on until either player win the two strokes immediately following the score at deuce, when the game is scored for that player. 22. The player who first wins six games wins a set; except as below: If both players wins five games, the score is called games-all; and the next game won by either player is scored advantage game for that player. If the same player win the next game, he wins the set; if he lose the next game, the score is again 1047

26 called games-all; and so on until either player win the two games immediately following the score of games-all, when he wins the set. Note. Players may agree not to play advantage-sets, but to decide the set by one game after arriving at the score of games-all. 23. The players shall change sides at the end of the first, third and every subsequent alternate game of each set, and at the end of each set unless the number of games in such set be even. It shall, however, be open to the players, by mutual consent and notification to the umpire before the opening of the second game of the match, to change sides instead at the end of every set, until the odd and concluding set, in which they shall change sides.at the end of the first, third, and every subsequent alternate game of such set. 24. When a series of sets is played, the player who was Server in the last game of one set shall be Striker-out in the first game of the next. The Four-Handed Game. 25. The above laws shall apply to the four-handed games, except as below. 26. For the four-handed game the Court is 36 ft. (10.97 m.) in width. Within the sidelines, at a^ distance of ft. (1.37 m.) from them, and parallel with them, are drawn the service-side-lines. In other respects the Court is similar to that which is described in Law I. 27. In the four-handed game, the pair who have the right to serve in the first game may decide w r hich partner shall do so, and the opposing pair may decide similarly for the second game. The partner of the player who served in the first game shall serve in the third; and the partner of the player who served in the second game shall serve in the fourth, and so on in the same order in all the subsequent games of a set. 28. The players shall take the service alternately throughout each game; no player shall receive or return a service delivered to his partner; and the order of service and of striking out, once arranged, shall not be altered, nor shall the Strikerout change Courts to receive the service before the end of the set. 29. The ball served must drop within the service line, half-court-line, and service-side-line of the Court, which is diagonally opposite to that from which it was served, or upon any such line. 30. It \s & fault if the ball do not drop as provided in Law 29, or if it touch the Server's partner, or anything that he wears or carries. If, however, the ball in Service strike either the Striker-out or his partner, tl(e server wins the stroke. 31- If a player serve out of his turn, the Umpire, as soon as the mistake is discovered by himself or by one of the players, shall direct the player to serve who ought to have served; but all strokes scored, and any fault served before such discovery, shall be reckoned. If a game shall have been completed before such discovery, then the service in the next alternate game shall be delivered by the partner of the player who served out of his turn; and so on in regular rotation. MODERN PENTATHLON. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for the Modern Pentathlon, consisting of representatives from the Sub-Committees for the different branches of sport comprised in the Modern Pentathlon. SPECIAL RULES. I. Duel=Shooting. Distance 25 metres. 1) Any revolver or pistol with open fore- and backsight. Hair-trigger is not permitted. Ammunition with metal cartridge case. 2) 'Number of shots: 20 shots in 4 series of 5 shots each; 2 sighters. 3) Target'. Whole-figure (in zones), 1.7 metres high (see fig.). 4) Starting position: Arm stretched downwards, the muzzle turned towards the ground. 5) Firing: A shot is to be fired on the command word: "Eld" (fire). The figure vanishes after three seconds. After a series of 5 shots, there will be an interval for marking. Between the shots in the series, there will be an interval of 10 seconds. A shot not fired will be counted as a miss. 6) Counting: In the event of an equal number of hits, the points will be counted by the zones. The inner edge of the shot-hole will determine its value. (See, moreover, the special rules and regulations for shooting.) II. Swimming 300 metres, free style. The special rules and regulations for Swimming, apply, with, however, the exception that the competition will be divided into different heats without a final race. The time taken [not the order) will determine the result. III. Fencing. Weapon; Epee. The victory, in each case, will be assigned to the one who first hits. See, also, the special rules and regulations for Fencing. makes three IV. Riding. Riding singly over a special, marked course, not exceeding metres. The course will be shown on Monday, 8 July, but it must not then be ridden over by the competitors, to whom will be then shown only its approximate features and not the actual obstacles. On this occasion each competitor will receive a map of the course. At the same time, lots will be drawn, when such competitors for whom horses have been provided by the Competitors have the right of trying their mounts. After this, the horses will not be at the disposal of the competitors until the day of the competition. (July 11). All obstacles (natural or artificial) will be indicated by flags, between which the riding shall take place. Competitors start singly, at intervals of at least 5 minutes. Maximum time allowed for riding the course; 15 minutes

27 No help may be rendered by any other person during the course of the competition. Each rider will receive 100 points to begin with, from which will be deducted: for refusing and bolting, the first time 2 points. i» refusing or bolting again, each time 5»» horse falling 5» '» rider falling off completely (whether at or between the obstacles) 10»» each period of 5 seconds or fraction thereof, in excess of the maximum time 2» T/ie deductions are for each occasion and each obstacle. (As obstacles are reckoned only such as are marked by two flags, between which the rider has to pass.) In the case of two or more competitors having the same number of final points, the time occupied shall decide the event. V. Cross=Country Race, c:a 4,000 metres. The Cross-Country Race will take place over diversified country, and on a course unknown to the competitors, which will be marked out immediately before the start with white and red ribbons. Competitors start singly, at intervals of one minute. Both start and finish will be in the Stadium. See, also, the special rules and regulations for Athletics. Judging the Competition. Ihe competition will be decided by a calculation of points based on the placenumbers in the 5 sub-events, in which the first man in each event receives I point, the second, 2, and so on. The victor will be the one with the lowest number of points. In the event of two or more competitors obtaining the same number of points, and the same number of best relative places, the competition shall be decided by the result of the last event. In order to obtain a prize, a competitor must take part in, and complete, every one of the 5 events. If any competitor leaves the competition, this will not alter the point-figures for the remaining competitors. In the event of dead-heats in running, swimming and riding, there will be no second trial. If, thus, two competitors reach the best result in these events, each of these will receive the point-mark 1, the next man 3, and so on. On the other hand, equal best points in fencing will be decided by another bout (1 hit), and in shooting, the entire series must be re-fired, until the placing is decided. If, in shooting, no decisive result has been reached after the series mentioned, the placing of the competitors in the shooting event shall be decided by the best relative results. ROWING. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The Regatta shall be held under the management of the Olympic Sub-Comittee for Rowing appointed by the Svenska Roddforbundet (Swedish Rowing Association). 2. Only amateurs according to the following definition are qualified to compete. An amateur is one who has never: a) recived payment as a trainer; h) competed for a money prize; c) competed or given a display for payment; d) competed or given a display against a professional; e) drawn any pecuniary gain from athletic exercises by selling, exchanging, pawning, or hiring out any prize won in a competition. Note: An amateur shall be allowed, when taking part in races or displays, to receive his travelling and hotel expenses from the club to which he belongs or, with the consent of the said club, from the club arranging the competition or display, without forfeiting his amateur status. Payment for such a journey, however, may be made only by the club which he represents in the said competition. No competitor shall be allowed to make any pecuniary gain or profit from such payment. A professional shall not be allowed to take part in any competitions or displays for amateurs, neither may he officiate therein as judges or in any other capacity. A professional is one who as a seaman, fisherman or in any other capacity has in any way, in the exercise of his calling, engaged in rowing within two years before the date of competition. 3. The Regatta shall be held in Stockholm on July 18 and 19, Entries close May 18, 1912, and a statement as to the definite composition of the crews must be in the hands of the Swedish Olympic Committee at the latest by July 1, Each entry shall state weights and ages. Reserves of, at most, half the number of a crew can be entered. No person may be substituted for another who has already rowed or steered in a heat. 5. Maximum number of entries from each nation in each event; 2 boats. 6. Length of course in all events; 2,000 metres. 7. The following types of boats shall be used; d) Eights, outriggers (best boats), with coxswain. 5) Fours,»»»»» c)» inriggers, sliding seats,»» (see special definition). d) Single Sculls (best boats). SPECIAL RULES. 8. Stations shall be drawn by lot. Each competing crew may have a representative at the draw. 9. If several crews enter for the same race, trial heats will be arranged. In such trials two boats will start simultaneously. The races will be decided by heats until only two crews remain for the final. 10. All boats shall start with the bow level with the starting post, and will be considered to have finished the race as soon as the bow passes the winning-post

28 11. A boat not at the start at the specified time shall be considered to have scratched, and is disqualified. The starter has, the power however, to make an exception in the case of a reasonable explanation being given. 12. The start shall be made by the report of a pistol as soon as the starter is satisfied that the competitors are ready. Should a competing boat be interfered with by any outside boat or person, the umpire shall have power, if he thinks fit, to order a new start. 13. If the starter considers the start false, he shall at once recall the boats by report of a pistol. A boat which refuses to obey such command, or a boat which starts too soon, shall be liable to disqualification. 14. The minimum weight of a coxswain shall be 50 kilogrammes. Deficiencies must be made up by dead weight. 15. At the request of any person concerned, the coxswain shall be weighed before the start. 16. Each competitor shall keep his course throughout the whole competition. A boat's course is that which, at the start and finish, as well as during the race, is parallel with the centre of the course. Deviations from the course shall render a boat liable to disqualification. A course of at least 12 metres in width will be allowed for each boat. 17. If, in the event of a dead heat, either of the crews refuse to start again, such crew shall be considered as having retired. If a competitor causes a foul by leaving his course, the umpire shall immediately disqualify him, without waiting for an appeal to be made. Should a competitor be compelled by unforeseen obstacles to leave his course, the umpire may order a new start, whether a foul has taken place or not. The competitor causing such an interruption shall not be disqualified. 18. A foul must be reported to the umpire by the stroke of the crew immediately after it has happened, and shall be considered to have taken place when, after the start for a race, a competitor has, with his oar, boat or body, collided with the oar, boat or body of another Competitor, and shall be given if the umpire considers the foul to have influenced the result of the race. 19. The umpire alone shall be the sole judge of the proper course of a boat. 20. During a race, the umpire may caution any competitor who is in danger of causing a foul. 21. The jurisdiction of the umpire extends over the whole course, and his decision in each case shall be final. All officials shall be subordinate to the umpire. 22. Swedes only will officiate in the competitions. 23. All crews entered will be furnished with particulars as to-the names and weights of their opponents. 24. No consideration whatever will be paid to any accident to material or crew during the race. Definition of a Four=oared Inrigger. An inrigger gig shall be clinker-built and shall comply with the following measurements and weights: Length maximum metres Width at the widest place minimum 1.05» Depth» 0.36» Width at water-line» 0.78» Weight» 85 kilos Number of boards on either side» 7 The width of the hoards must not vary more than 2 centimetres in any part of the cross-sections of the boat. For the purpose of measuring the width at the water line, an apparatus of the following construction will be used; A bar, about 1 metre in length, placed on edge and supplied with two vertical, movable arms, 12 centimetres high, one at each end. In the middle of the bar a notch is made, large enough to fit over the keel of the boat. II

29 When a boat is to be measured, it shall be laid bottom upwards, with the apparatus placed over the middle rib. The vertical arm is then pushed so far along the bar as to touch the sides of the boat, at the water-line. The distance is measured on the bar between the vertical arms, and if, for example, this distance for a four-oared boat is at least 0.78 metre, the boat holds the measurement; if the distance is less, it is not up to the standard. SHOOTING. Apparatus for measuring a Four-oared Inrigger. The length shall be measured in a straight line between the extreme ends of of the stem and the stern. The depth shall be measured inwards, from the deepest point of the keel to the deepest part of the boat, and perpendicularly up to a line through the upper edges of the uppermost boards. The width shall be measured between the outer edges of the uppermost boards on the widest part of the boat. The width at the water-line shall be measured outwards on the middle rib and at a height of 12 '/j centimetres above the lowest board. The boat shall have an outward keel which, in every cross-section, shall reach at least I centimetre below the lowest edge of the lowest board. The weight of the boat is reckoned exclusive of the oars, but inclusive of all other equipment of the boat. The position of the rowlocks or the axle of the movable rowlock may not be more than 3 centimetres outside the outer edge of the upper board, and the measurement shall be made straight out from the place where the rowlock is fixed. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be held under the management of the Olympic Sub- Committee for Shooting. The Committee itself will appoint judges and officials etc., and its decision in all matters concerning the competition shall be final. 2. The competitions are exclusively confined to amateurs according to the following definition. An amateur is one who has never: d) shot in public, or been specially occupied with instruction in shooting with the intention of thereby earning his living; ti) taken part in an open competition for professional shooters; c) sold, pawned, hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition ; d) been engaged at a gunsmith's and there been specially occupied with sighting and adjusting weapons. 3. Shooters can be disqualified on the ground of insufficient knowledge of, or of transgression against, the conditions of the programme, or on account of late arrival. 4. In Team Shooting, after the shooting has begun, reserves shall not be permitted to replace those competing. L SPECIAL RULES. Shooting with Army Rifle. The national military arm of any country according to adopted model without any alteration or addition. Before the competition, the captain of the shooting contingent of each country shall certify that this condition is observed. Rifles of private manufacture may be used, but they must be of officially prescribed military pattern ; in the case of the rifles of countries having an official view mark, the rifle used must bear such mark. The fore- and back-sights must be regulation, and not telescopic or magnifying. No other colour than black may be employed for sighting. Ordinary spectacles may be worn, if desired. Ammunition of any kind may be used, but it must not be of a dangerously explosive character. In all cases of accident arising from defective ammunition, the user only shall be held responsible. The pull of the trigger must under no circumstances be under 4 pounds (1.8 kg.); the triggers will be tested immediately before firing at each distance. Rifle-slings may be used as a support for one arm, but in such a case they shall be of regulation military pattern. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. A ricochet will be counted as a miss. a) Team Shooting. (The International.) 1. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of six men, with maximum 3 reserves. 2. The distances are 200, 400, 500, and 600 metres. 3. All targets ares coloured white with black bull's-eyes (see-fig. I and 2). 4. Any position may be taken, but without artifical rest I055

30 5. Each competitor shall shoot two sighters and 15 shots at each distance. 6. Two targets shall be allotted to each team. The order of shooting in each team shall be decided by its captain. The order of team shooting shall be decided by ballot/ 7. No protection against light or wind may be employed. 8. Ihe marking shall be challenged before another shot has been fired at the same target. 12. No rifle may be cleaned or wiped out between the shots fired with it at any single distance of the competition. 13. In case of a dispute, the umpire's decision shall in every case be final. 14. The highest aggregate of the scores at all the distances shall determine the winning team. In the event of a tie in the final totals, each member shall fire one sighter and seven shots at 600 metres. If there is still a tie, each member of the team shall fire one shot more, and so on, till a distinction can be made. 90 Cra. l?>0e.vn 60c/m U iloe/wi. I L< Ho e^wx. Figure I. Target for 200 metres. 9. The competition shall occupy one day only. The time is limited to one hour and thirty minutes at each distance. The time limit is exclusive of successful challenges. No allowance will be made for a defective cartridge, except in the case of a miss-fire. 10. Ihe leader of the competition shall have the power to suspend the shooting on any day should the atmospheric conditions render that step necessary, and to fix another day for the resumption of the competition. 11. INo two competitors detailed to fire at the same time may shoot with the same rifle; nor may a competitor change his rifle or any part thereof during his firing at any single distance of the competition, unless his first rifle shall become unserviceable through an accident which must be verified by an umpire Figure 2. Target for 400, 500, and 600 metres. b) Individual Competition. Distance 600 metres. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The targets to be the same as in competition a (see figure 2). 3. Any position without artificial aid will be permitted. 4. Each competitor shall fire 20 shots. 5 sighters are permitted. 5. Any ties must be shot off on the spot. c) Individual Competition. Distance 300 metres. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. Target: stationary and half figure (see figs. 3 and 4). A hit in the figure will be counted as five points. 3. Time, positions, and number of shots. Each competitor shall shoot 2 series of 10 shots in every series. One series shall first be shot at the stationary target, and then, as- soon as the marking is finished, one series at the half-figure. 67 Fifth Olympiad. 1057

31 The series at the target shall consist of 4 shots lying down, 4 shots kneeling, and 2 shots standing, during a total period of max. 3 minutes, inclusive of the time taken for loading and position. The half-figure series shall consist of 5 shots in a lying, and 5 shots in a kneeling position; the time allowed shall be not more than 3 minutes, inclusive of loading and taking position. Ihe start of each series will be made from a standing position, with the butt of the rifle resting on the ground and open at the breech. The time shall be counted from the word of command "Eld" ('Fire'), and cease at a signal from a whistle. Kneeling. A cushion is allowed underneath the leg, but the knee and foot must touch the ground. Lying, The competitor can place himself either in the direct line of fire or across it, on the ground or on a mat or waterproof sheet, but the body must be supported on the elbows, and the fore-arms must not rest on the ground or mattress. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. Ricochets will be counted as misses. Figure 3. Stationary ("Precision") Target. It any shots are fired after the signal has been given by the whistle, the best hit or hits will be deducted to a corresponding number. The points for both series shall be reckoned together. In the event of a tie, the result will be decided by the greatest number of points in the half-figure section. Should the result still be a tie, one shot more shall be fired, and so on, till a result is arrived at. II. Shooting with any Rifle. Rifles and ammunition of any kind may be used. Fore- and hack-sight shall be open. The Target is coloured white, one metre in diameter, with a black round bull'seye, 60 centimetres in diameter. The whole target to be divided into 10 zones counting from 1 to 10 points (see fig. 5). Position. Standing. On both feet, without any other support Figure 4. Half-figure. Width = 50 cm.; height = 90 cm. d) Team Competition. Distance 300 metres. 1. The competition will be open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 6 men, with maximum 3 reserves. 2. The number of targets allotted to each team shall be at least three; the order of shooting shall be decided by lot on the morning of the competition-day, before the shooting begins. 3. Each competitor shall fire 120 shots, (40 standing, 40 kneeling and 40 lying down.) sighters are allowed for each of the three positions. 5. The winning team will be that which has the highest aggregate number of points. Ties will be decided: (1) By the greatest number of hits on the targets. (2) By the greatest number of centres. (3)»»»» 10's, 9's, 8's, etc. 1059

32 e) Individual Competition. Distance 3oo metres. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. Each competitor shall fire 120 shots, (40 standing, 40 kneeling, and 40 lying down.) sighters are allowed for each of the three positions. 4. The winner will be the one who has the highest aggregate number of points. Ties will be decided: 1) By the greatest number of hits on the target. (2) »»» centres. (3)»»»» 10's, 9's, 8's, etc. g) Individual Competition. Distance 50 metres. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. The same rules as for f. h) Team Competition. Distance 25 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with" a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Target (disappearing): reduced whole-figure, in zones (see fig. 7). The figure, 12 cm. high, will appear 25 times, each time for 3 seconds, with intervals of 5 seconds between each appearance. After each series of 5 shots, a pause will be made for the change of figures. 40cm. Figure 5. III. 60 cm. ^ TOO cm. > Target for 300 metres (Comps. d. and e.). Miniature Rifle Shooting. Rifle. Any breech-loading rifle with calibre not exceeding 6 mm., using miniature ammunition intended for competition. Any back- and fore-sight, except magnifying or telescopic. Ammunition. The weight of the bullet must not exceed 10 grammes, and the observed initial velocity must not exceed 450 metres. Position. Any, without artificial rest. f) Team Competition. Distance 50 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Target, white with black centre (see fig. 6).. 2. Number of shots. 40 shots in 4 series, with 10 shots in each series. 4 sighters. 3. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot L. Figure 6. Target for 50 metres (Comps f. and g.). 2. Number of shots. 25 shots in 5 series, with 5 shots in each series. 2 sighters. 3. Scoring. In the event of a tie, the zones will be used to decide. 4. The edge of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. i) Individual Competitions. Distance 25 metres, The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. The same rules as for h. IV. Revolver and Pistol Shooting. Any revolver or pistol with open fore- and back-sights. Ammunition with metal cartridge case. Hair-triggers will not be permitted. 1061

33 j) Team Competition. Distance 50 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Number of shots.- 60 shots in 10 series, with 6 shots in each series. 2 sighters. 2. Time: 4 minutes for a series of 6 shots. 3. Target: white, 50 cm. in diameter. The target is divided into 10 zones, 2 1 / 2 cm. between each zone. Centre, black, 20 cm. in diameter (see fig. 8). Position^ standing, right or left hand, with arm extended. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. k) Individual Competition. Distance 50 metres. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. The same rules as for j. 1) Team Competition in Duel Shooting. Distance 30 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Number of shots: 30 shots in 6 series, with 5 shots in each series. 2 sighters. 2. Target: whole-figure (in zones), 1.7 metres high (see fig. 7)- 3. Starting position: arm stretched downwards, the muzzle turned towards the ground. 4. Firing, A shot shall be fired on the word of command "Eld" (Fire). The figure will disappear after three seconds. After each series of 5 shots there will be an interval for marking. Between the shots in the series there will be 10 seconds interval. A shot not fired will be counted as a miss. 5. Counting. In the event of a tie, the zones are used. The edge of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. m) Individual Competition in Duel Shooting. Distance 30 metres. Figure. 7. Whole-figure The competition is limited to 12 individual entries for competitions h. i. 1. from each nation. and m. The same rules as for 1. V. Clay Bird Shooting. 1. Three traps throwing in different directions will be set up, concealed by a screen, before each mark marks will be arranged at a distance of 5 metres between each, and numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Numbering begins from the left. The marks will be placed at a line 15 metres distant from the traps. 3. Guns of greater calibre than 12 may not be used. 4. Cartridge cylinders, powder and shot of any sort may be used, but a charge of shot may not exceed 35.5 grammes, and the shot may not be coarser than No. 6 English sort (2.5 mm.) The leader of the competitions reserves the right of instructing the control official to take out two cartridges from the stock of cartridges of each competitor, to examine them with regard to their proper loading. 5. The gun shall be open at the breech till the control official has assured himself that the competitors have taken up their places, and until he has given the order "Linjen klar" ('line ready') Two shots may be fired at each clay pigeon. 7. The competitor must not shoulder his gun and take sight, or rest the butt against his shoulder, before the clay pigeon thrown up has appeared in sight. The butt of the gun is to be held between the hips and the arm-pits, but may on no account rest against the shoulder. 8. The leader of the competitions must see that the traps are in due order and adjusted, and that all precautions are taken to avoid accidents during the shooting. The leader shall decide all differences of opinion that may arise, and shall judge the results. His decision is final. 9. As "no bird" are counted the following; If the marksman discharges both shots practically at once and hits his clay pigeon, it is counted as "no bird", but if he misses, a miss is noted. The marksman has the right to refuse a clay pigeon if it leaves the machine in a broken condition, but he is bound by the result, if he fires at a part of the clay pigeon. :^-20 cm. 5 0cm Figure 8. Target for 50 metres (Comps. j. and k.). If one or more clay pigeons are, by accident, thrown up at the same time as the pigeon which is to be shot at, the competitor has the right to consider this as "no bird". If the gun, duly loaded and cocked, misses fire for some reason beyond the control of the marksman, the pigeon shall be counted as "no bird". If the gun misses fire with the first barrel and the marksman fires the second shot and hits, it shall be judged as a "hit", but if he fires the second shot and misses, it shall be counted as a "miss." If the second shot is not fired, the pigeon shall be counted as "no bird". If the second shot misses, a fresh bird is thrown up for the marksman, but in such case the first barrel shall be charged with only a powder-filled cylinder, which shall be fired after the trap has been set in motion. The result of the second shot will be counted. If the,marksman uses a gun which necessitates a fully-loaded cartridge to be discharged in order that the mechanism may work at the second shot, or if the first cartridge or a part thereof sticks or prevents firing, the marksman can claim two more cartridges, the first of which, after the trap has been set in motion, shall be discharged into the air, and the second at the clay pigeon. The result of the second shot will be counted. Should the first shot hit the pigeon, a miss shall be counted. The defective cartridge shall be submitted to the leader, who will examine wherein the fault lies, and decide if, in conformity with the above rules, another shot may be fired. 10. In order to be entered as a hit, the pigeon must break before touching the ground. The leader's decision as to whether a pigeon is hit or not is final. A

34 marksman not bowing to his decision will be disqualified. The pigeons must not, under any circumstances, be picked up for the purpose of examination. 11. Continuous firing. 6 marksmen are ranged for the 5 marks. 5 guns occupy the marks, and No. 6 takes his place behind No. 1 and there awaits his turn. Gun No. 1 shoots first from mark No. I, gun No. 2 from mark 2, and so on. At, or during, the closing of the series, number 1 shall stand at mark number 2, and number 6 at mark No. I, No. 2 at mark No. 3, and so on; so that No. 5 is the shot who waits at the back of mark No. I. Competitors must not leave their marks before the series is concluded. When the marksmen have taken their marks, the person who is regulating the throwing from the different machines calls out, "N:o 1 klar" ('ready'), whereupon the competitor who is standing at mark No. 1 answers "Ga" ('go'). The remaining competitors answer "Ga" when the number of their mark and "Klar" are called out. 12 Firing out of turn. If a marksman fires out of his turn, a miss will be reckoned to him. The marksman whose turn it was to shoot, has a fresh bird thrown up. 13. Unknown angles. The marksman shall be unaware which of the traps, behind each screen, will be discharged. 14. Single shots from Unknown traps. All the machines will be filled before the shooting commencesj and the competitors will be kept in ignorance of the group of traps and the trap from which the pigeons will be thrown. 15. One marksman on the'line. 1 he marksman is to staad at mark No. 3 &nd shoot at the fixed number of pigeons before leaving his mark, 16. Two marksman on the line. One stands at mark No. 2 and shoots at the required number of pigeons thrown up from sets of traps Nos. 1, 2 and 3; the second stands at mark No. 4 and shoots at the required number thrown up from the groups of traps Nos. 3, 4 and 5. n) Team Competition. 1. The competition is open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist ot 6 men, with a maximum of 3 reserves, of whom the team-captain may form one. 2. The order of shooting between the teams will be decided by lot. 3. The shooting will be divided into three, rounds. Each round will be concluded, if possible, in one day. First stage. 20 clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known traps, will be shot at under continuous firing in 2 series of 10 birds each. Two or three teams shoot together. Each marksman, from the different teams alternately, shall in his turn shoot off a series of 10 shots. Ihe first stage will thus constitute a succession of competitions. A tie shall be decided by each marksman shooting at 10 pigeons on the continuous firing system. Second stage. A maximum of 50 % of the teams competing in the first stage who have obtained a lower number of points shall retire. The order of shooting among the different teams will be the same as in round clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known traps, will be shot at without an interval in two series of 15 birds each. A tie will be decided by each competitor re-shooting at 10 pigeons on the continuous firing system. Third stage. A maximum of 50 % of the teams competing in the second stage, who have obtained a total lower number of points in the first and second rounds, shall retire. The order of shooting will be the same as in stage No pigeons per man are shot at, on the continuous firing system, in 2 series of 20 birds each, and thrown up from known sets of traps at unknown angles on the group system. In addition, from firing- point No. 3, single shots at 10 pigeons 064 per man, thrown at unknown angles from unknown traps. Ties shall be shot off with 10 birds by each marksman on the single shot system, i. e. from mark 3. The winner will be the team which has obtained the highest total number of hits in all three stages. o) Individual Competition. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The order of shooting will be decided by lot. 3. The shooting will be divided into three stages. Each stage will be concluded in one day if possible. First stage. 20 clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known traps, will be shot at on the continuous fire system in 2 series of 10 birds each. In the event of a tie, 10 pigeons are to be shot at by each competitor on the continuous fire system. Second stage. A maximum of 50 % of the competitors competing in the first round who have obtained a lower number of points will retire. The order of shooting among the marksmen will be the same as in stage No. I. 30 clay pigeons per.man, thrown up at unknown angles from known sets of traps, in two series of 15 birds each, will be shot at on the continuous firing system. In the event of a tie, there will be re-shooting at 10 pigeons per man with continuous firing. Third stage. 50 %, at most, of the competitors in the second round who in the first and second stage obtained a total lower number shall retire. The order of shooting among the marksmen is the same as in stage clay pigeons per man will be shot at, with continuous firing, in 2 series of 20 pigeons each, thrown up at unknown angles from known sets of traps, and also at 10 pigeons per man in two series- 5 pigeons each, with continuous firing, thrown up at unknown angles from unknown sets of traps. The marksman will stand at mark No. 2, for 5 pigeons thrown up from set of traps Nos. 1, 2 or 3, and at mark No. 4, for 5 pigeons thrown from traps Nos. 3, 4 or 5. A tie will be decided by shooting off, on the continuous firing System, at 10 pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known sets oft traps. 4. The marksman who has obtained the highest total number of hits in all three stages will be declared the winner. VI. Running Deer Shooting. Ther'taf^get shall corfsist of the figure of a deer, life size (see fig. 9). General Regulations: 1. Rifles of any construction and calibre may be used. The pull of the trigger, which must be tested before the beginning of the competition, shall be four pounds (1.8 kg.). Only open fore- and backsights, without any lateral adjustment, w T ill be permitted. The centres of both sights must be fixed over the centre of the barrel. Only one platinum or other line will be permitted on the back-sight. Spirit levels are allowed. Arms may not be exchanged during the competition without a valid reason approved of by the umpire. 2. Any sort of bullets may be used except cartridges loaded with explosive bullets. 3. Any position may be taken. 4. The distance from the mark to the target is 100 metres. The open part of the run is 23 metres in width, and the target will appear for about 4 seconds. 5. The breech of the rifle shall be kept open till the umpire has given the order "Linjen klar" ("Line clear"). 6. The points shall be reckoned 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and o. Five and four points are allowed for hits within the centre of a circle measuring, respectively, 15 cm. for

35 (bull's eye), and 30 cm. for 4; three points for a hit between the outer circle and the nearest perpendicular lines; two points for a hit on a space, 10 cm. wide behind the centre surface, or for a hit between the centre circle's outward boundary line and the head; one point for a hit between the two-point limit and a line drawn perpendicularly, which hits the groin mark; and no point for a hit on the head, hind-quarters and legs. The divisions on the deer are not visible from the firing point. 7. The hits shall be marked on the deer set up over both the masked butts by means of a round disc, 20 cm. in diameter, which is placed over the middle of the bullet hole. The colour of the disc shows the points; re^ red and white blue blue and white... white black 5 points 12. If the rifle, after being duly loaded and cocked, misses fire, from a cause beyond the control of the marksman, the target for the re-shoot shall be set in motion from the same butt. The defective cartridge shall be handed over to the leader, who will decide wherein the fault lies, and decide if a re-shoot shall take place. 13. If in a double-shot competition a rifle, properly loaded and cocked, misses fire at the first shot from causes beyond the control of the marksman, the second shot shall not be fired, but the target shall be run again from the same butt. If the second shot is fired, two misses shall be counted. If the second shot misses fire, the first shot shall be counted as no shot, and the target again run from the same butt. p) Team Competition. 1. The competition is open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves, of whom the team-leader may be one. 2. The order of shooting will be determined by lot. 3. Two sighters will be allowed. 4. Each man will have 10 shots in succession. One shot is fired in each run. 5. Ties are shot off by 5 shots in succession per man. One shot will be fired in each run. 6. The team that has obtained the highest number of points will be declared the winner. q) Individual Competition. Single shot. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The order of shooting will be decided by lot. 3. Two sighters shall be permitted. 4. The shooting will consist of 10 shots in succession per man; one shot will be fired in each run. 5. Ties are decided by shooting off with 5 shots in succession per man. One shot shall be fired in every run. 6. The marksman with the highest number of points will be declared the winner. Figure 9. Running Deer. A miss is shown by a black swinging disc. 8. Ihe leader has the right, to see, himself or by means of a controller, that the rules in 1. are observed. 9-1 he leader of the competition shall see that all precautionary measures are observed for the avoidance of accidents during the shooting. Ihe leader shall decide any differences of opinion which may arise; he judges the result, and his decision is final. 10. Ihe rifle must not be raised to the shoulder before the target appears. Ihe shot must not be discharged if part of the target is hidden by either of the posts. 11. "Linjen klar" ("Line clear"). When the leader has assured himself that the marksman is ready to fire, he shall give the order to the butts to set the target in motion. The first run for every series will be from the right butt, either if it is a sighter or a shot fired in competition. 1 he marksman shall at once get ready for the next run, which begins as soon as the shots have been marked and the target has been patched and turned. r) Individual Competition. Double shot. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The order of shooting will be decided by lot. 3. Two sighters are permitted. 4. The shooting will consist of 20 shots in succession, per man; two shots will be fired in each run. 5. Ties are decided by shooting off with 6 shots in succession per man. Two shots are fired in every run. 6. The marksman with the highest number of points will be declared the winner

36 SWIMMING. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Swimming appointed by the Svenska Simforbundet (Swedish Amateur Swimming Association), and will conform to the rules and regulations of the International Swimming Association (Federation Internationale de Natation Amateur). 2. The competition shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition: An amateur is one who has never. «} competed for a money price, declared wager, or staked bet, in swimming or any other athletic Sport; b) taught, pursued or assisted in the practice of swimming, or any other athletic exercise, as a means of pecuniary gain; c) knowingly and without protest taken part in any competition or exhibition with anyone who was not an Amateur (except whilst in the Military or Naval Services, and then only in Military or Naval Competitions). A professional in any sport shall b^ considered a professional in swimming. The exceptions laid down by the Federation Internationale de Natation Amateur shall apply. 3. The competitions will take place in the open, and in absolutely ^till and fresh water, and in an enclosed course 100 metres long, 20 metres wide and at least I 1^ metres deep. 4. The Swimming Committee will make all arrangements with regard to the competitions, and will appoint judges as well as all other officials. The referee shall decide all questions referred to him by the judges. 5. The competitors shall wear the regulation swimming costume. The starter shall see that the competitors conform to these rules, and no one shall be permitted to start if his costume is not in accordance with the regulation. The costumes must be in accordance with the following regulations: a) The colour of the costume shall be black or dark blue. h) Cloth drawers, at least 6 centimetres high at the sides, must be worn under the costume. c) The sleeves must not be cut lower than centimetres from the armpit. tq The costume must not be cut lower in the neck than 5 centimetres crosswise from the shoulders. e) Ladies' costumes shall be cut straight round the neck, and shall be provided with shaped arms of at least 7 1 /,, centimetres length. f) As identification marks, competitors shall wear caps of different colours, which will be supplied by the Swimming Committee. In Water Polo, the caps for one team shall be white, for the other dark blue, with red bands for the goalkeepers. 6. The relative order of starting of the competitors, as well as of the heats, shall be decided by ballot. In all races, the positions of the competitors, counting from right to left, shall be decided in the same way immediately before the start. Swimming Races. I. GENERAL REGULATIONS. a) All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. The start for all races (with the exception of back stroke) shall be from a board placed 3 centimetres above the surface of the water. All questions 1068 regarding the start shall be decided by the starter. A competitor starting too soon will be disqualified, unless he returns to his position and starts afresh. b) Every race will be divided into heats and a final, with a sufficient number of intermediate heats in proportion to the number of competitors. If in any heat not more than 3 competitors line up, the starter shall let them join the next following incomplete heat. c) The first and second in each heat, and also the fastest third, shall be qualified to swim in the next round or final. d) In all contests, dead-heaters in preliminary heats shall be qualified to compete in the, next round or final, if a dead heat ensue in a final, the competitors who tie shall again compete at such time as the judges may direct. e) A competitor who wilfully obstructs another competitor shall be disqualified from that competition, and forfeits his right to any prize which he might otherwise be entitled to. Should such a foul endanger the chance of success of a competitor, the judge shall have power to allow him to compete in the next round, or, should the foul occur in a final, they may order it to be re-swum. f) When turning, swimmers must touch the end of the bath or course'with one or both hands. For Breast-Stroke, there are special rules in this respect. g) Standing on the bottom during a race shall not disqualify a competitor, but he must not walk. h) K competitor "swimming over" must cover the whole distance to qualify as the winner. II. SPECIAL RULES. Breast Stroke. a) Both hands must be pushed forward together and brought backwards simultaneously. b) The body must be kept perfectly on the breast, and both shoulders in line with the surface of the water. c) When touching at the turn, or on finishing a race, the touch shall be made with both hands simultaneously. d) Any competitor introducing a side-stroke movement shall be disqualified. Back Stroke. a) Competitors shall line up in the water, facing the starting end, with both hands on the end or rail of the bath. A push-off at the start is permitted. b) At the signal for starting the competitors shall push off and swim upon their backs throughout the race. Team Races. The team races shall be conducted as follows: The first member of each team shall start together at the starting signal, and shall then be succeeded by the other competitors as soon as they have finished, and so on. The team whose fourth member finishes first shall be declared the winner. If any one of tjie competitors starts before the preceding swimmer has finished, his team shall be disqualified unless he returns and starts again according to the regulations. A start controller will be appointed for each team. Diving Competitions. I. GENERAL REGULATIONS. a) The depth of the water under the platforms shall be at least 5 metres. h) Entries must be accompanied by a statement as to which voluntary dives the competitor wishes to make. 1069

37 c) All variety dives must be made by the competitor alone, without assistance from any other person, and in conformity with the following conditions. dj Por each competition 5 judges will be appointed, who will estimate the value of the dive in conformity with the regulations, and each shall judge for himself, without having the right to consult with 'another. ej For each dive each judge shall award points according to the following scale: aj Unsuccessful attempt o points. b) Bad dive 3» c) Good dive 6» d) Very good dive 8» ej Excellent» 10» Intermediate points and half-points may be awarded, but the highest possible number of points shall be 10. fj The judges shall take into consideration: firstly the execution of the dive (correct bearing, confidence and form); secondly the force and speed of the dive; thirdly the entry into the water, and, fourthly the execution of the run or take-off. The bearing is excellent when it is easy, supple and graceful, with the head erect, well closed and straight legs, outstretched instep, easy movement of the arms, and the fingers together. In a plain dive, the bearing in the air shall be easy, supple and elegant, either with the head, body and limbs in an even and unbroken line, or with the arms stretched out during the dive at right angles to the body, head erect and chest forward. In the standing dive, the take-off must be bold, confident and elegant, with the body thrown upwards and outwards. In judging an armstand dive, the judge shall note carefully that the competitor keeps his balance before the dive is made. The drop into the water is excellent when a good bearing is observed and the body cuts the water smoothly with the arms extended over the head and held close together, fingers together, and legs and feet straight together and in line with the body. Ihe incline of the body towards the water must not exceed the vertical position. The take-off shall be easy, supple and bold. gj To determine the number of points for the voluntary dive, the points allowed for each dive by each judge shall be multiplied, each dive separately, by the degree of difficulty stated in tables A. and B. For plain and compulsory dives, there is no special degree of difficulty. k) After the points allowed for each voluntary dive by each judge have been multiplied (see above), the sums thereby obtained from each judge shall be added to the points for the compulsory dives, and the total number of points thus obtained shall decide the competitors' place-numbers with each judge. The total place -numbers awarded by the judges shall decide in the first place. In the event of a tie, the total number of points awarded shall decide. If, in a judge's protocol, two or more competitors obtain the same number of points, they shall receive the same place-numbers, but those following shall be placed in the order which they otherwise would have taken. The final number of points for each competitor shall be determined by the total number of points awarded by each judge, after which the total sum will be divided by the number of judges. II. SPECIAL RULES. High Diving. a) The competition in plain diving, and plain and variety diving combined, from a fixed take-off, will take place from a platform at least 5 metres in length and not less than 2 metres in width. The running-board, which is fixed, will be covered with cocoa-nut matting and surrounded on 3 sides by a rail. Each running-board will project at least I metre over the running-board or stage beneath The heights shall be two: 5 6 and metres, measured from the surface of the water. b) The competition in plain diving (for men as well as for ladies) shall comprise 5 dives, namely: 1) standing dive ] from a h t of metres. 2) running», 2) standing» 4) running» from a height of metres. 5) running» c) The competition in plain and variety diving combined shall comprise, partly, the following compulsory dives: 1) running plain dive... r r -. (1,1, 1 from a height of ^ o metres 2) backward somersault ) 0 3) standing plain dive I r r r,. & r } from a height of metres 4j running»» j No dive, how partly 3 voluntary variety dives from a height of metres. ever, may be made more than once. The dives must be selected from table A. Table A. Degrees of difficulty for voluntary variety dives from a fixed take=off at a height of metres. Name of Dive. I. Dives with face towards the platform. Degree of difficulty. I. I Backward spring outwards, turn inwards with header Do. with one and a half somersault 1.8 II. Armstand Dives Armstand with somersault I.4 III. Running Dives Flying somersault forwards (first well pointed header, then One and a half somersault forwards.. Isander's dive (spring outwards, turning inwards and header) Mollberg's dive (spring outwards, turning inwards and Spring=board Diving. 1 * a) The competition in plain and variety dives from a spring-board will take place from a board at least 4 metres in length and metre in width. The running board, the spring of which shall be good and even, is covered with a cocoa-nut matting. It shall have an incline not exceeding 5 0. The heights are two: I and 3 metres above the surface of the water, measured from the outer edge of the spring-board

38 mmmm h) The competition shall comprise, partly the following compulsory dives; 1) running plain dive from a height 2) running forward somersault of I metres; 3) standing plain dive from a height 4) running plain dive J of 3 metres; and partly, 3 voluntary variety dives from a height of 3 metres, No dive, however, may be made more than once. The dives must be selected from table B. Table B. Degrees of difficulty for voluntary variety dives from a spring=board of 3 metres height. Degree of difficulty. Name of Dive. Stand Runing. ning. I. Dives with face towards ihe water. I. Falling dive forwards (arms stretched by the sides) 1.1 _ 2. Ordinary header forwards (arms by the sides). I Screw dive forwards with half turn »»»» one» I.9 I.9 5- Pike dive forwards »» (arms by the sides) Forward somersault (arms stretched by the sides) Flying somersault forwards (first well pointed header, then somersault) One and a half somersault »»»» > (arms stretched by the sides I Isander's dive I Mollberg's dive (arms by the sides) II. Dives with face towards the spring-hoard. 13- Falling dive backwards (arms stretched by the sides) Ordinary header backwards Pike dive with backward spring and turning inwards... ^ Backward somersault (arms by sides) Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and 18. somersault (arms by the sides) 1-7 Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and one and a half somersault 2.0 Note. For an even or divided spring, equal points will be awarded. Dives 7 10 and can be made either with the body erect, or with bending at the hips and knee joints, but the entry into the water shall be made with the body and legs straight. Water Polo. RULES FOR THE DRAW. Ihe competition will be arranged on the elimination system. The competing teams will be drawn in couples for the first round, after which, the order of play for the following rounds will be determined in such a way that the order up to the final is decided before the commencement of the competition. The necessary number of extra matches will take place between teams qualifying for the second and third prizes Rules of the Game. 1. Field of play. The distance between the goals shall not exceed 30 yards nor be less than 19 yards (27 met. 17 m.); the width shall not be more than 20 yards (18 m.), and shall be of even width throughout the field of play. The two yard and four yard (met.) penalty lines and the half-distance, shall be clearly marked on both sides of the field of play. 2. Depth. The water shall not be shallower than 3 feet (i 1^ m.). 3. Goals. Goal posts shall be fixed at each end of the field of play. These must be at least 1 foot (30 cm.) from the end of the bath or from any obstruction. The width between the posts to be 10 feet (3 m.), and the cross bar to be 3 feet {90 cm.) above the surface, when the water is 5 feet (i 1 /o m.) or more in depth; when the water is less than 5 feet in depth, the cross bar to be 8 feet (2.44 m.) from the bottom. Nets must be attached to the goal-posts in such a way as to enclose the whole goal area, and hang below the surface of the water. The back of the net must be at least 1 foot (30 cm.) behind the goal line and hung from the height of the cross bar. 4. The Ball. The ball, which will be provided by the Swimming Committee, shall be leather-covered and must be round and fully inflated, and shall measure not less than 27 inches and not more than 28 inches (711 mm. 686 mm.) in circumference. It shall be waterproof, with no strapped seams outside, and no grease or other objectionable substance on the surface. 5. Flags. The necessary flags, etc., for officials will be supplied by the Swimming Committee. 6. Officials. The officials shall consist of a referee, a timekeeper and two goal scorers. 7. Referee. The duties of the referee shall be: a) \.Q> start the game, b) to stop all unfair play, c) to decide all cases of dispute, d) to declare fouls and, generally, see that the rules are observed, e) to decide upon all goals, corner throws and goal throws, whether signified by the goal scorer or not. f) Goals, fouls, and other stoppages of the game shall be signified by whistle. The referee's decision on questions of fact is final, and must be unconditionally carried out during the game. Note. A referee may alter his decision, providing such alteration be notified before the ball is again in play. A referee has power to stop play at any period of the game if, in his opinion, the behaviour of the players or spectators, or other exceptional circumstances, prevent the match from coming to a proper conclusion. 8. Goal Scorers. The goal scorers, having' tossed for choice of. ends, shall stand at the side and in a line with the front of each goal, and when they consider that the entire ball has passed through the goal posts, or over the goal line, at their respective ends only, they shall signify the same to the referee, a red flag denoting a corner; a white flag denoting a goal throw; and both flags to denote a goal. The goal scorers shall not change ends, and shall keep the score of goals of each team at their respective ends. 9. Timekeeper. The timekeeper must be provided with an ordinary stop watch and a whistle, which will be provided by the Swimming Committee. He shall notify half-time and time by a whistle, and the signal shall take immediate effect. 10. Time. The duration of a match shall be not more than 14 minutes; 7 minutes each way. 3 minutes shall be allowed at half-time for change of ends. When the ball crosses the goal line, whether it be a goal, corner throw or goal throw, it shall be dead until the restart of the game, or until it leaves the hand of the player taking the throw, and all such time shall be deducted. Time occupied by disputes or fouls, or when the ball is thrown from the field of play, or lodges on an obstruction, as per Rule 21, shall not be reckoned as in the time of play. 11. Teams. Each side shall consist of 7 players, who shall wear drawers, or costumes, with drawers underneath the costumes. No oil or grease or other objectionable substance may be rubbed on the body. 68 Fifth Olympiad ^ _

39 12. Captains. The captains shall be playing members of the teams they represent, they shall agree upon all preliminaries, and shall toss for choice of ends; the loser of the toss shall have choice of colours. If they are unable to agree upon any point, the referee shall decide it for them. 13. Starting. The players shall enter the water simultaneously and place themselves in a line with their respective goals. The referee shall stand in a line with the centre of the course, and, having ascertained that the captains are ready, shall give the word "Go", and immediately throw or release the ball into the water at the centre of the field of play. From the start or restart a goal cannot be scored until the ball has been handled, viz., played with the hand below the wrist, either by two members of one team in which case the scorer shall be within half distance of the goal attacked or by a player of each team. An attempt on the part of the goalkeeper to stop the ball when it has been handled by the players of one team only, and shot from over half distance shall not constitute handling, and should the ball cross the goal-line, a goal throw shall be awarded Scoring. A goal shall be scored by the entire ball passing beyond the goal posts, and under the cross-bar. If, on the notification of half-time or time, the ball be not fully through the goal posts, no goal shall be allowed. A goal may be scored by the head or feet, providing the ball has been previously handled by two players, as provided by Rules 13 and Ordinary Fouls^ It shall be a foul: a) to touch the ball with both hands at the same time; b) to hold the goal posts, rail, or side, during any part of the game; c) to walk about the bath; d) to stand on or touch the bottom during any part of the game; unless for the purpose of resting; e) to interfere with an opponent or impede him in any way, unless he is holding the ball; f) to hold the ball under water when tackled; g) to jump from the bottom or push from the side except at starting or restarting in order to play the ball or duck an opponent; h) to hold, pull back, or push off from an opponent; i) to turn on the back and kick at an opponent; jq ass i s t a player at the start or restart of the game, or for any player to push off from any part of the goal posts; k) for the goalkeeper to go more than 4 yards (met.) from his own goal line, or to take a goal throw improperly (Rule 20); I) in a free throw, to throw the ball at the goalkeeper or to an attacking player within two yards (met.) of goal (Rule 20); m ) no t to play the ball in accordance with the directions of the referee after a free throw or a throw in. n) to touch the ball before it has reached the water, when thrown in by the Referee. (See Rules 17 and 21.) JVote. Clause e). Dribbling or striking the ball is not "holding", but lifting, carrying, pressing under water, or placing the hand under or over the ball when actually touching, is holding. Dribbling the ball up and through the posts is permissible. 16. Wilful Fouls. If, in the opinion of the referee, a player commits an ordinary foul Rule 15 wilfully, or one of the following specified offences, the referee shall at once order him out of the water until a goal has been scored_ It shall be considered a wilful foul: a) to start before the word "Go"; h) to deliberately waste time; c) for a player to take up a position within two yards (met.) of his opponent's goal-line; d) to deliberately change position after the Referee has blown the whistle to stop the game and until the ball is again in play; e) to deliberately splash in the face of an opponent; f) to strike at the ball with the clenched fist Any player ordered out of the water for misconduct or for a wilful foul, shall not re-enter until a goal has been scored, notwithstanding that half-time may intervene, or extra time be played, and then only with the consent of the referee. Note. In the event of a referee ordering a player out of the water and such player refusing to obey, the game shall be stopped, and the match awarded to the other side. 17. Free Throws. The penalty for each foul shall be a free throw to the opposing side from the place where the foul occurred. The referee shall declare a foul by blowing a whistle and exhibiting the colour of the side to which the free throw is awarded. The player nearest to where the foul occurred shall take the throw. The other players shall remain in their respective positions from the blowing of the whistle until the ball has left the hand of the player taking the throw. A free throw shall be such as, in the opinion of the referee, allows all players to see when the ball leaves the hand of the thrower. In the event of illness or an accident, or of one or more players from each team committing a foul so nearly at the same moment as to make it impossible for- the referee to distinguish who offended first, he shall have the ball out of the water and throw it in as nearly as possible at the place where the foul occurred, in such a manner that one member of each team may have an equal chance of playing the ball. In such cases the ball must be allowed to touch the water before it is handled. In all cases where a free throw is allowed under this Rule, and under Rules 15, 16, and 21, the ball must be handled, i. e., played with the hand below the wrist, by more than one player before a goal can be scored. 18. Penalty Throw. A player wilfully fouled when within four yards (metres) of his opponent's goal line, shall be awarded a penalty throw, and the player who commits the offence must be ordered out of the water until a goal has been scored. The player to whom a penalty throw is awarded shall proceed to any point on the four yard (met.) line and await the signal of the referee by whistle. In the case of a penalty throw, it shall not be necessary for the ball to be handled by any other player before a goal can be scored, but any player within the four yard (met.) line may intercept a penalty throw. 19. Goalkeeper. The goalkeeper may stand to defend his goal, but he must not throw the ball beyond half distance: the penalty for so doing shall be a free throw to the opposing side from half distance at either side of the field of play. The goalkeeper must keep within 4 yards (met.) of his own goal line, or concede a free throw from the 4 yard (met.) line to his nearest opponent. The goalkeeper is exempt from Clauses a, c, d and g, in Rule 15, and Clause f in Rule 16, but he may be treated as any other player when in possession of the ball. Except when injury or illness compels him to leave the water when Rule 22 shall apply the goalkeeper can only be changed at half-time. In the event of a goalkeeper being ordered out of the water, his side cannot appoint another goalkeeper except at half-time, as defined above, and any player defending the goal in his place shall not enjoy the special limitations and exceptions attached to a goalkeeper. 20. Goal and Corner Throws. A player throwing the ball over his own goal line shall concede a free corner throw to his opponents, and such free corner throw shall be taken from the two yard (met.) line at the side of the bath, by ^he player on the opposing side nearest the point where the ball leaves the field of play. If the attacking side throw the ball over, it shall be a free goal throw to their opponents' goalkeeper, who must pass the ball to another player or beyond the two yard (met.) line. The whistle must be blown immediately the ball crosses the goal line, and from that time until the ball leaves the hand of the player taking the free throw, all players must remain in their respective positions. Note. If a goalkeeper puts the ball in play by a free throw, and, before any other player has handled, regains possession, and carries it back right through his goal, a corner throw shall be awarded to the opposing side. 21. Out of Play. Should a player send the ball out of the field of play at either side, it shall be thrown in any direction from the spot where it went out by one of the opposing side, and shall be considered a free throw. The player nearest the 1075 I J IF I i:?ij

40 point where the ball leaves the field of play must take the throw. Should the ball strike or lodge on an overhead obstruction, it shall be considered out of play, and the referee shall then stop the game and throw the ball into the water under the said obstruction. The ball must be allowed to touch the water before it is handled, and must be handled by more than one player before a goal can be scored. 22. Leaving the Water. A player leaving the water, or sitting or standing on the steps or sitting on the side of the bath in which the match is being played, during the progress of the game, except in case of illness or accident or by permission of the referee, shall not re-enter the water until a goal has been scored, or until half-time. Any player having left the water must have the permission of the referee before re-entering, and he may only re-enter at his own goal line. A player leaving the water during the progress of the game, without the permission of the referee, or refusing to re-enter the water at the request of the referee, shall be deemed guilty of misconduct, and be disqualified from all competitions during the Olympic Games. 1076

41 High Dive. I. Backward Header. 2. Backward somersault. Backward spring outwards and turning inwards with header

42 High Dive. High Dive. ^ \jfi V ml V i 1 / Backward spring outwards and turning 5. Backward spring outwards inwards with somersault. and turning inwards with l l / 2 somersault. 6. Arrastand with header. IOSO 1081

43 7. Armstand with overbade. 8. Armstand with somersault.

44 wammim High Dive. Hisrh Dive. ; 10. Flying somersault forwards. One somersault forwards. 10S4 1085

45 ii. One and a half somersault forwards. 12. Isander's dive.

46 Hia;h Dive. Spring Board Dive. -I Plain Header, I. Falling Dive,forwards. a 13. Mollberg's dive. 2. Ordinary header forwards, (arms by sides). 3. Screw Dive forwards with half turn g Fifth Olympiad.

47 Spring Board Dive. Spring Board Dive. / / 4. Screw Dive forwards with one turn. 5. Pike Dive forwards. 8. Flying somersault forwards. 6. Pike Dive, (arms by sides). 7. Forward somersault. 9. One and a half somersault. 10. One and a half somersault, (arms stretched by sides). logo 1091

48 Spring Board Dive. Spring Board Dive. II. Isander's dive. 12. Mollberg's dive. 15. Pike dive with backward spring and turning inwards. 16. Backward somersault. / "i 13. Falling dive backwards. 14. Ordinary header backwards. 17. Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and somersault. 18. Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and l 1^ somersault

49 WRESTLING. General Regulations. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Wrestling appointed by the Svenska Atletikforbundet (Swedish Athletic Union). The competition shall be confined to amateurs according to the following definition : An amateur is one who has never a) competed for a money prize or for monetary consideration, or in any way drawn pecuniary gain from the exercise of his sport; ) competed against a professional; c) taught in any branch of sport for payment; d) sold, pawned, hired out or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition. Special Rules. 1. In all competitions the ring shall not be less than 5 metres square, and shall be sufficiently soft. 2. Competitors must have their finger nails trimmed short, and must not wear rings on their fingers or have any metal substance, such as buckles, in their belts or on their clothes. The wrestling costume shall cover the body from the shoulders to half of the thigh. Tight-fitting swimming drawers, suspensors, etc., are to be worn under the costume. 3. The wrestlers are divided into the following weight classes: Feather weight up to 60 kilos (c:a 132 Light weight»» 6773»t ^» 149 Middle weight, A»» 75» ( ^» 165 Middle weight, B»» 82 v2» 182 Heavy weight over 82 1 / 2» ( ;» 182 Weighing, without wrestling costume, takes place on the first day of competition in the respective classes. A competitor will be allowed to compete in a heavier weight class than that to which he belongs, but in one class only, however. Should a competitor be found too heavy for the class in which he has entered, he will have the right to compete in a heavier weight class on making immediate application. 4. At the beginning of the competition, the opponents approach each other, shake each other's right hand, then leave each other in the direction from which they started, whereupon the wrestling begins. 5. Wrestlers are forbidden to take hold of each other below the hips, and no part of an opponent's body, with exception of the hands and arms, may be seized except with the flat hand. Furthermore, it is forbidden (when done with the sole intention of incommoding an opponent) to touch his face from the eyebrows down to the lower part of the chin, to seize by the throat, belt, or to hold the mat; to trip, strike, kick, tear, pinch etc. Twisting of the arms or the so-called back-hammer-lock, and all painful and dangerous holds in general are also barred. At a backward grasp of the body, head down, the attacker must go on his knee, and must not dash his opponent's head on the carpet. 6. There shall be three judges, one of whom is to be referee and has to decide in case the other judges disagree. The officials are to intervene when dangerous grips are used, and have the power to disqualify any one who deliberately employs prohibited or dangerous holds. 7. A competitor who touches the carpet with both shoulders at the same time is defeated. Rolling falls are not counted. If during a rolling fall, a competitor has rolled from one shoulder to the other without having bridged, and afterwards, in the same way, has been forced back on to the first shoulder, this shall be 1094 counted as a fall. Falls with only the shoulders and head on the carpet and the rest of the body outside are counted if the judges consider that the competitor was not prevented by the fall outside from defending or attacking. ' In the event of a fall outside the carpet, dragging or carrying an opponent on to the carpet and there completing the fall is permitted, but, on the other hand, fresh holds must not be taken outside the carpet, unless an opponent is defending himself by getting off the carpet., If the judges deam that, by falling outside the carpet, a competitor was not in a position to defend himself, the above conditions do not apply.,, A competitor who intentionally gets off the carpet in order to avoid a fall shall be cautioned and, on repeating the offence, is liable to be disqualified. One judge must not of his own accord stop a wrestling bout as decided, before he is assured that at least one of the other judges agrees with him. This can be conveniently arranged by the judge who considers.it to be a fall raising his hand or uttering the word "Fall", whereupon the wrestling is immediately stopped as decided, if two judges agree The maximum limit for each bout is generally 60 minutes. If there has been no fall within the first 30 minutes, the judges can, nevertheless, declare the bout decided if one of the competitors has been continuously attacking, while the other has been almost entirely on the defence. This decision of the judges must however, be unanimous, otherwise the bout is to be continued If a further 30 minutes elapse without a fall, the bout is awarded to the one who has shown the best wrestling, i. e., who has made the most real attacks during the latter period. In order to decide this, the referee shall note the number of attacks which the competitors have made on each other during the latter period of 30 minutes. I he attacks are reckoned by points: 1 point for a good attack, 2 for an attack by which an opponent is almost made to fall. i if The referee calls out loudly and distinctly every time he notes an attack. It an attack is not accepted by both the other judges, it is not to be reckoned. Should this system not lead to any definite result, the wrestling is to be continued for a further 30 minutes under the same conditions, and so on. It neither of the competitors has made any real attack during the first 30 minutes, or in he following bouts, the judges can declare both to be defeated; this decision of the iudees must be unanimous.,,.,. If at the end of a period, either of the competitors has such a hold on his opponent'that a fall can be expected immediately, the wrestling shall not be stopped at once, but shall continue till some change takes place. Rules for the Draws. Principle: 2 defeats debar. Opponents are drawn by lot. Example: , , 10- ".etc. Thus, in the first round the following wrestle: and 11 has a bye. The next round will be: , and finally All have now wrestled twice, and those who have been defeated twice retire, whereupon the remainder continue according to the order fixed, until so many have suffered two defeats that only three competitors remain. These three wrestle for the prizes without regard to the preceding results, according to the following conditions: 1095

50 Example I: A beats B, B beats C: A I, B II, C III prize. Example II: A beats B, C beats B, A beats C: A I, C II, B III» Example III: A beats B, C beats B, C beats A: C I, A II, B III» This wrestling for the prizes shall be decided by actual falls. The above-mentioned alphabetical designation is distributed after the wrestling of the first pair is decided; the winner is designated by A, the loser by B, and the competitor with a bye is designated by C. Opponents of the same nation are not to meet as long as it is avoidable. However, even if by so doing two opponents of the same nationality cannot avoid meeting, all must take part in every round, and odd numbers that occur, participate as first competitors in the following round. If, in the preceding example, I and 2 have been of the same nationality, 1 and 3 meet instead, or the following competitors of different nationalities, 2 and 4, etc. The protocol shall be drawn up according to the following plan, in which an example is given. A win is indicated by +; a defeat by. The time taken by each pair shall be recorded. In the following plan the different pairs are indicated by running numbers to show the order in which they are to compete. The different nations represented are indicated by A, B, C, etc. Plan : A \ B \ C + \ A \ A \ f C \ C \ D \ D \ A \ D, \ D \ E + 4- \ C 15 F 16 F 17 B 18 A 19 B \ ! 4- \ \ \ \ iy \ Thus, numbers 3> ^ an(^ 10 survive to wrestle for the prizes, both the first -named with 1 defeat each, the last without any defeat. All the others have retired with 2 defeats YACHT RACING. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. At the request of the Swedish Olympic Committee, the Olympic \ acht Races will be organized by the Royal Swedish \acht Club. The management will be in the hands of the Sailing Committee of the Club. 2. The helmsman and every member of the crew of a yacht competing in the ' Olympic yacht races, must be an amateur. 3. Every member of a recognized sailing club is an amateur, who has never carried on yacht sailing as a profession, nor, during the last five years, has followed other sailing as a trade. 4. Yachts and crews competing in the Olympic Yacht Races must be selected and entered by such National Authority as defined in the rules of the International Yacht Racing Union, or, where no such authority exists, by the Olympic Committee of that nation. 5. The amateur status of every competitor must be guaranteed by the National Authority, or, where no such authority exists, by the Olympic Committee of that nation. 6. Only two (2) yachts from every nation can be entered for each class. 7. A "nation" in the Olympic sense, is any country having such National Authority as defined in the rules of the International Yacht Racing Union, or having separate representation on the International Olympic Committee, or, where no such representation exists, any country recognized as a "nation" at the last Olympic Games, and, further, any sovereign state, not forming part of a states-union, as well as any states-union under one and the same sovereign jurisdiction. Natural-born or naturalized subjects of a "nation" or of a sovereign state, of which a "nation" forms part, are alone eligible to represent that "nation" at the Olympic Yacht Races.. 8. In each class there will be 2 ordinary races, with the following method of scoring: i: st place. 2:nd place 3;rd place Should two or more yachts in any class tie under these conditions, they shall re-sail, as stated in the accompanying table. 9. The Olympic yacht races are arranged for the 6-, 8-, 10- and 12-Metre international R. classes. 10. The Olympic yacht races will be sailed under the racing rules of the International Yacht Racing Union, with the additions made in this notice. 11. The following prizes will be awarded in each class: list prize: Gold Olympic Medal to the helmsman-, and silver-gilt Olympic Medal to every member of the crew. 2:nd prize-. Silver Olympic Medal to the helmsman and every member of the crew. 3:rd prize: Bronze Olympic Medal to the. helmsman and every member of the crew. In addition to this, the Commemorative Plaque of the Royal Swedish Yacht Club will be presented to the owner of every prize-winning yacht. 12. In the 12-metre class, a Gold Olympic Medal will be presented to the mate or leading hand of the winning yacht, instead of the silver-gilt Olympic Medal, and, in the 6-metre class, the Challenge Cup of the French Government will be awarded to the owner of the winning yacht points 3 points I point

51 13. The number of persons allowed on board during the Olympic Yacht Races, in conformity with the rules of the International Yacht Racing Union is; in the 12-Metre class 10»» 10-»» 8» 8 -» 5»» '"> >'» 3 Persons in excess of the regulated number may be entered, but must be specially indicated as substitutes. Note: According to regulation 2, every person on board must be an amateur. 14. There will be no entrance fee. 15. The prescribed fee to be lodged on entering a protest is Kr. 50 (45/-). 16. The Olympic Yacht Races will be sailed over courses at Nynashamn (in the vicinity of Stockholm). 17. Entry of a yacht and of every member of the crew, as well as of substitutes, should be made in writing, on special forms, to the Kungl. Svenska Segel Sdllskapet, Stockholm, which, on application, will supply the entry forms and will give every information desired. Entry of a yacht must be accompanied by a certificate of rating in original or confirmed copy, stating the immersion of the yacht in fresh water. 18. The Sailing Committee will hold a survey of the competing yachts to see whether the prescribed salt- and fresh-water marks and the spar marks, if any, have been attached, and that the maximum immersion of the yacht is as indicated by the fresh-water marks; and for this survey a competing yacht must report her presence in Nynashamn to the office of the Royal Swedish Yacht Club there not later than noon, Friday July Entries for the Olympic Yacht Races close at 8 p. m., Thursday, 20 June Notice of entry given by telegram, sent before noon, 20 June 1912, will be accepted, if confirmed by post, by a written entry enclosing the prescribed documents. 20. Starting programme, sailing instructions and numbers will be supplied between July at the office of the "Kungl. Svenska Segelsallskapet", Kastellholmen, Stockholm, and between July at the office of the Club at Nynashamn. Highest number of points Sumber of points for a yacht or other yachts after the two placed, after the ordinary two ordinary races. races. 10 I } R e - s a i 1 i n g : > No re-sailing Yachts-with 8 points re-sail for the i:st and 2;nd prizes. Yachts with 8 points re-sail for the i:st and :nd prizes, and yachts with 3 points for the 3:rd prizes ' ^ ' 1 - \ No re-sailing ) I Yachts with 3 points re-sail for the 3:rd prize. Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the i:st and 7 " 2 2:nd prizes Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the l:st and 2:nd prizes, and yachts with 4 points for the 3:rd prize. Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the i:st and 2:nd prizes. j Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the i:st and > 2:nd prizes, and yachts with 3 points for the 3:rd prize. Table giving all possible results of the two ordinary races. In each of the two ordinary races J points will be given for a first place, 3 for a second and I for a third. Highest number of points Number of points for other yachts for a yacht after the two ordinary races. placed, after the two ordinary races. R e - s a i 1 i n g : No re-sailing I. I Yachts with 1 point re-sail for the 3:rd prize Yachts with 4 points re-sail for the 2: ad and 3:rd prizes. H No re-sailing Yachts with 3 points re-sail for the 2:nd and H j 3:rd prizes. 10 TO. 2 IO IO. I. I Yachts with 10 points re-sail for the l:st and 2;nd prizes. Yachts with 10 points re-sail for the 1.stand 2:nd prizes, and yachts with 1 point re-sail for the 3:rd prize

52 AFTERMATH

53 AFTERMATH.. "ihe aftermath of the Fitth Olympiad has been rich almost ; 0 ^ beyond expectation. Addresses of thanks have flowed in ; C.) ;from far and near, and everywhere in the world the newspapers published lengthy descriptions of the Games. Large I numbers of letters and telegrams have been sent by, corporations and private persons, and the Swedish Olympic Committee has received much other evidence that its work for the organization of the Olympic Games of Stockholm i9 I2 i was appreciated both within and beyond the borders of Sweden. It would require volumes to give anything like a complete summary ot what has been said of the Olympic Games of Stockholm and their organization, but a more suitable conclusion to this Report cannot be found than the publication of the official communications in this respect received from the International Olympic Committee, the National Olympic Committees, and other similar bodies. Sire. Letter addressed, after the close of the Games, by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, President of the International Olympic Committee, to H. M. King Gustaf V. Au nom du Comite International Olympique, je viens presenter a Votre Majeste, ainsi qu'a Sa Majeste la Reine le tribut de notre tres respectueuse gratitude. Par I'assiduite de son auguste presence aux Jeux, par la creation de la Medaille commemorative, par tant de marques precieuses d'une perseverante bienveillance. Votre Majeste a pris une part considerable au succes de cette magnifique Olympiade. 1103

54 Grace a la nation Suedoise dont I'effort unanime fut guide par celui de son plus noble fils, I'Olympisme renaissant remporte une victoire decisive. II nous est agreable de penser que I'Olympisme a son tour a procure a la Suede un surcroit d'intelligente sympathie de la part des peuples divers qui furent representes aux Jeux par Felite de leurs forces juveniles. Je prie Votre Majeste ainsi que Sa Majeste la Reine de daigner accepter au soir de ces fetes inoubliables, avec I'expression de notre fidele reconnaissance I'hommage de notre plus profond respect. Monsier le Baron, PIERRE DE COUBERTIN. H. M. The King's reply to Baron Pierre de Coubertin. S. M le Roi me charge de vous presenter les plus vifs sentiments de reconnaissance de sa part de meme que de la part de Sa Majeste la Reine pour les mots aimables que vous venez d'adresser a LL. MM..Ainsi qu'il est dit dans le discours du Roi au moment de I'inauguration, Sa Majeste tient a vous repeter qu'il considere comme un grand honneur pour son pays d'avoir regu dans sa capitale tous les delegues des differentes nations representant Telite des fils de chaque pays. Ayant I'espoir que les Jeux Olympiques de Stockholm demeureront un bon sou] venir pour tous les participants, Leurs Majestes vous adressent a vous, Monsieur le Baron, ainsi qu'a tous les membres du Comite International, leurs compliments pour la belle ceuvre que vous venez de terminer. Par ordre du Roi: Le marechal de la Cour, DE PEYRON. Letter sent by Baron Pierre de Coubertin to the Swedish Olympic Committee. Monsieur le President, Messieurs et chers collegues. 22 Juillet, Au nom du Comite International Olympique je viens vous exprimer notre gratitude et en meme temps notre admiration sincere pour la celebration de cette V:eme Olympiade a laquelle vous avez su donner un eclat incomparable. Nous vous prions d'accepter avec I'expression de ces sentiments le souhait que nous formons tous pour la consolidation des liens de bonne amitie qui se sont noues entre nous tous au cours de ces journees inoubliables. Le Comite qui a realise de pareille fagon une oeuvre si considerable est de ceux dont la collaboration est entre toutes precieuse et desirable pour le developpement et le progres de I'institution Olympique. Nous y comptons, n'est-ce pas? et saisissons cette occasion de vous remettre cijoint I'invitation a prendre part au grand congres de Paris en Veuillez, Monsieur le President, Messieurs les Membres" du Comite Suedois, trouver ici I'assurance de nos sentiments les plus affectionnes et les plus devoues PIERRE COUBERTIN. Excellency, Letter from Colonel Charles Graves, U. S. A. Minister in Stockholm. Legation of the United States of America. Stockholm, September 24th I have the honor, by direction of the Department of State, to beg you to convey to His Majesty the King of Sweden, to the War Department of Sweden and to the Authorities of the Olympic Games, an expression of the sincere appreciation by the Honorable H. L. Stimson, Secretary of War of the United States, of the honors and courtesies shown to the representatives of the United States War Department at the Fifth Olympiad at Stockholm. I take this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. His Excellency Count Albert Ehrensvard, Minister for Foreign Affairs. Your Royal Highness, CHARLES GRAVES. Letter sent by Colonel Robert M. Thompson, President of the U. S. A. Olympic Committee, to H. R. H. Crown Prince Gust af Adolf. On board S. Y. Catania, Stockholm, July 19, For the American Olympic Games Committee and the American athletes I thank you, and, through you, the Swedish Committees, for the hospitality extended to us and our athletes. I wish also to express my appreciation of the perfection of detail and management of the Games, which will make the Fifth Olympiad ever remembered as the model of what such Games should be. I am, with great respect, My dear Colonel Balck, Your obedient servant, ROBERT M. THOMPSON. President American Olympic Games Committee. Letter from Colonel Robert M. Thompson. On board S. Y. Catania, Stockholm, July 19, For myself and for the American athletes I thank you, and, through you, all the members of your several Commit'tees, for the constant kindness and hospitality with which you have received and treated us since our arrival in Sweden. We return home in love with your land, its brave men and its beautiful women, and we will long remember the Fifth Olympiad as the model of what Olympic Games should be. 70 Fifth Olympiad. HQS Believe me, Very cordially yours, ROBERT M. THOMPSON. President American Olympic Games Committee.

55 Col. Victor G. Balck, President, Kristian Hellstrom, Secretary, My dear Sirs, Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, Sweden. Letter from James E. Sullivan, -Esq. y Secretary to the U. S. A. Olympic Committee, September 18th, n. I beg to acknowledge receipt of yours of the 4:th inst. and I thank you very much indeed for the kind expressions contained therein. It was a pleasure to have supported you in your work. During my many years' connection with athletics, I have never worked with a Committee that gave the entire satisfaction that the Swedish Olympic Committee did. In all our dealings with you, you were prompt and courteous, and when we asked favours, they were cheerfully granted. So, on the whole, it was a pleasure to have worked for Sweden, and I hope when the Games travel around from country to country, we will all be alive and that they will again be held in your beautiful city and we can again enjoy your kind hospitality. The Games ended with good feeling all around, and all the Americans were happy and satisfied. agree with me in these expressions. Dear Mr. Hellstrom, I feel sure the hundreds of Americans in our party will Yours very truly, JAMES E. SULLIVAN, Secretary American Committee. Letter from Professor W:m M. Sloane, Member of the International Olympic Committee, Hotel Rose, Wiesbaden, Sept. 15, I When you look at the token of American respect and good will you will remember that, without exception, every American present at Stockholm, whether as participant or onlooker, carried away the most pleasant memories of their own kind treatment and something far more; a profound respect for the Olympic Institution itself and gratitude to those who raised it to the height of its full importance by prudence, forethought, capacity and hospitality. Kristian Hellstrom, Esq., Olympiska Spelen, Among these you were not the least. Ever sincerely W:M M. SLOANE. Letter from Mr. J. TV. Hill, Leader of the Australasian Swimming Contingent. 8, Bayley Street, London, W. C., 9th August Stockholm. Dear Sir, I have to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 2:nd instant, and to thank you for the sentiments expressed therein. on I can assure you both personally and behalf of the small Australian team, that our memories of Stockholm are all 1106 pleasant ones, and that our stay there will always be a green spot in our lives to look back upon. The small swimming team, which, with myself, arrived as the first of the foreign competitors to reach Sweden, are especially indebted to you, your Committee, and the good people of Sweden for their exceedingly enjoyable sojourn in your city. I have already acknowledged our indebtedness to the President of the Swimming Committee, and now take this opportunity of thanking you and congratulating you on the brilliant success of the Fifth Olympiad, due mainly to your own self-sacrificing and unselfish work of organisation. Perhaps it may be some recompense to you to think that your labours are appreciated by the small contingent from far-off Australia, to whom not the least pleasing feature of the Olympic Games of 1912 is that the country which received them in such a hospitable manner, has the honour of heading the list o the competing nations. Verehrliches Organisationskomitee der Olympischen Spiele in Stockholm, Stockholm. Yours very faithfully, J. W. HILL. Australian Olympic team Letter from the Austrian Swimming Association. Wien, den 5. April In hoflicher Beantwortung Ihrer sehr geehrten Zuschrift vom 2. d. M. danken wir Ihnen herzlichst fiir das schone Erinnerungszeichen in Form des Diplomes. Es hatte aber wahrlich keines Diplomes bedurft, um uns Schwimmern Ihre liebe Heimatsstadt dauernd in Erinnerung zu bringen. Die sonnigen Tage, die Ausfliige nach Saltsjobaden und Sandhamn und last but not least die Liebenswiirdigkeit der schwedischen Damen und Herren, die uns den Aufenthalt so angenehm als moglich machten, wird dem schonen nordischen Venedig ein dauerndes Andenken in unseren Herzen bewahren. Hoffentlich ist uns in absehbarer Zeit die Gelegenheit gegeben, Ihnen bei dem gleichen Anlass in Wien die edle Gastfreundschaft, die Sie uns gewahrten, zu erwidern. Genehmigen Sie die herzlichsten schwimmsportlichen Griisse und den verbindlichsten Dank fur die schone Erinnerung von Ihrem erg. Monsieur Kr. Hellstrom, Verband der Osterreichischen Schwimmvereine. FRANZ SCHUH. Secretaire du Comite des Jeux Olympiques, Cher Monsieur, Letter from Baron de Laveleye, President of the Belgian Oly mpic Committee. Jette St. Pierre h \ % Stockholm. Je viens de rentrer en Belgique et regois votre aimable lettre du 31 Juillet. Je suis tres heureux, en reponse, de pouvoir vous exprimer la tres vive recon- 1107

56 naissance eprouvee par toute notre delegation pour I'accueil veritablement excellent que nous avons regu de votre comite dans la superbe ville de Stockholm. II y a un ou deux choses dans un don: le don lui-meme et la maniere de le donner; Je puis vous assurer que votre Comite a reussi a joindre de maniere parfaite la reception de ses hotes la plus brilliante et la plus hospitaliere a I'offre du spectacle sportif le plus complet et le mieux organise qu'il nous a ete donne d'admirer jusqu'ici. Je vous prie d'etre aupres de votre president et votre comite I'interprefe de la delegation beige tout entiere et de croire personnellement a mes meilleurs sentiments de tres sincere et de tres vive cordialite. Monsieur le President, Le President du C. B. J, O. Baron DE LAVELEYE. Letter from Mr. E. Henrion, Secretary to the Belgian Olympic Committee. Etterbeek-Bruxelles, le 5 Octobre Tres flatte de votre tres honoree lettre du 5 Septembre 1912 m'exprimant les remerciements de vbtre Comite pour les quelques services que j'ai rendu aux Jeux Olympiques, je m'empresse de vous exprimer toute la satisfaction que j'ai cue de travailler pour une aussi noble cause et I'agrement que j'ai eprouve a correspondre avec un comite executif aussi parfait que le votre. Je suis heureux de remercier tout particulierement Monsieur le Secretaire General de I'empressement et de la grande amabilitei qu'il a toujours mise dans nos rapports. Veuillez agreer, Monsieur, I'expression de ma Kaute consideration. A Monsieur le President du Comite d'organisation des Jeux Olympiques, Stockholm. E. HENRION. Letter from the Bohemian Olympic Committee. Le Comite d'organisation des Jeux Olympiques 1912, Le Secretariat, a Stockholm. Messieurs, Prague le 26 juillet Le Comite Olympique Tcheque se permet, a I'occassion de la cloture de la cinquieme Olympiade, de Vous exprimer ses felicitations tres sinceres de la splendide reussite des Jeux Olympiques a Stockholm. Grace a Votre effort 1'ceuvre de 1 reorganisation des Jeux Olympiques a atteint une hauteur inattendue, mais digne de la grande idee de son initiateur Mr. le Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Ensuite le Comite Olympique Tcheque Vous remercie tres chaleureusement de tant de gracieuse hospitality dont les Tcheques avaient ete I'objet pendant tout leur sejour a Stockholm. Nous n 'oublierons jamais, avec laquelle bienveillance le Comite d'organisation suedois avait accueilli, au cours de nos travaux mutuels, tous nos voeux et nos desirs Veuillez agreer, Messieurs, I'expression de nos sentiments meiiieurs et les plus reconnaissants. Le President: Dr. JIRI GUTH. Le Comite Olympique de la Boheme Le Secretaire General: I. ROESSLER-OROVSKY. Telegram sent by Dr. Jiri Guth, President of the Bohemian Olympic Committee, to H R. H. the Crown Prince Gust of Adolf. Son Altesse Royale Prince Royal de Suede, Stockholm. Comite Olympique Tcheque Prague a I'occasion de cloture de cinquieme Olympiade felicite Comite Suedois de splendide organisation des Jeux et remercie Votre Altesse Royale de tant de graces envers les Tcheques en presentant ses hommages les plus respectueux. Dear Sir, Dr. JIRI GUTH, President. Letter from the British Olympic Council. London, S. W., 21st August, Owing to the serious illness of Mrs. Laffan I am dealing with correspondence on behalf of Mr. Laffan. At the meeting of the British Olympic Council held on 2nd August, the Secretary was instructed to convey to the Swedish Olympic Committee, on behalf of the British Olympic Council, their very high sense of gratitude for the kindness and hospitality which had been received by the representatives of Great Britain during the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912, and at the same time to thank and congratulate the Swedish Olympic Committee on the stimulus afforded to the Olympic movement by their successful conduct of the Games. To The Secretary, Swedish Olympic Committee, Kristian Hellstrom, Esq., Olympiska Spelen, Stockholm. Dear Mr. Hellstrom, I am, Dear Sir, Your obedient servant, F. W. JONES. Hon. Treas. Letter from the English Amateur Athletic Association. London, August 2nd, I am writing on behalf of the members of the English Athletic Team to thank you for your courtesy and kindness during our stay in Sweden for the Olympic Games of Stockholm. Although we did not do so well in the athletic events as we had hoped and expected, we have, I trust, taken our defeat as true sportsmen should. All our men are loud in their praises of the Swedes and all thoroughly enjoyed their visit to your beautiful country. 109 May I take the opportunity of offer-

57 ing our congratulations on Sweden's success in heading the list of nations. It was a splendid performance of your country With apologies for troubling, you at such length and with many thanks for all your kindnesses. {Translation^) To the Swedish Olympic Committee. Believe me, Yours sincerely, S. G. Moss, Assistant Secretary. Letter from Mr. M- Kahni, Technical Leader of the Chilian Athletic Contingent at the Games. Stockholm, 31 July, As the moment is approaching when I shall be obliged to leave Sweden and begin the return journey to my distant native land, Chili, I wish, before leaving, to address a few words of gratitude to the Organization that has directed the Olympic Games of Stockholm. I and my fellow-countrymen who came here to take part in the Games have enjoyed the friendship and hospitality of Swedish athletes in such full measure, that we feel we owe you an eternal debt of thanks, and I have been honoured by the commission to hereby convey to the Swedish Olympic Committee, the deep-felt gratitude of the Chilians for the memorable weeks we have spent in Sweden. As technical leader of the Chilian Delegation to the Olympic Games, may I be permitted to express my sincere admiration of the work you have carried out for the promotion of international athletics during the course of these Games, which will long remain an example for all nations of the manner in which such international competitions can, and ought to be organized. What we have learned at the Olympic Games of 1912 will, without doubt, tend most powerfully to the promotion of athletics in Chili, and it will be an honour and a duty for me to show the leading sportsmen in my native country that Swedish athletics, its votaries and protectors, are our best teachers. (Translation?) Yours most respectfully M. KAHNI. Technical Leader of the Chilian Delegation to the Olympic Games of Stockholm Letter from the Danuh Olympic Committee. To the Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, Copenhagen, 17 August, The Danish Olympic Committee begs herewith to send its hearty thanks for all the hospitality and good will experienced by the Danish athletes during their stay at the Olympic Games of Stockholm The Danish Committee seizes the opportunity to express its admiration of the excellent manner in which the Olympic Games of Stockholm were organized and directed. FRITZ HANSEN, President of the Committee. [Translation?) The Olympic Games, Stockholm. Yours faithfully NATHANSEN Vice-President and Acting-Secretary. Telegram from the Icelandic Athletes, Icelandic athletes send Swedish Olympic Committee best thanks for all kindness shown during the Games. Yours faithfully PJETURSSON. Letter from Baron F. H'. de Tuyll de Serooskerken, President of the Dutch Olympic Committee. Au Comite d'organisation des Jeux Olympiques a Stockholm. Avant de quitter votre qelle ville de Stockholm le soussigne. President du comite Olympique en Hollande, prend la liberte de vous offrir les plus sinceres remerciements pour la fagon si aimable et si courtoise dont Vous avez accueilli les participants aux jeux olympiques. Votre organisation etait si parfaite, Votre acceuil si chaleureux, Votre devouement a la cause si profond que tout en Vous felicitant de tout coeur pour le splendide resultat obtenu, nous Vous donnons I'assurance que le souvenir de la V:eme Olympiade restera a jamais grave dans notre memoire. Veuillez agreer, Messieurs, mes sentiments les plus reconnaissants et tres devoues. Stockholm le 17 juillet ( Translation^ To the Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, F. W. DE TUYLL DE SEROOSKERKEN. Letter from the Finnish Olympic Committee. The Finnish Olympic Committee assembled for the first time after the Olympic Games of Stockholm unite, in their own names and on the part of all the Finlanders who took part in the Games, to express, first, their unfeigned admiration of the brilliant manner in which the Swedish Olympic Committee carried out its trying task, and then their warm thanks for the hospitality, good will and sympathy that the representatives of Finland had the pleasure of experiencing in every quarter during the memorable weeks in Stockholm. The unexpected great success of the Finnish athletes during the Games would, of itself, be calculated to make the Fifth Olympiad one of the dearest and most lasting memories that can ever find a place in their hearts and in those of their fellow countrymen. The joy we experience at our success would not be so unmixed, however, if we had not also experienced how the ancient bonds of friendship uniting Swedish and Finnish athletes had been retained and strengthened by their meetings during the summer of The firm hope of the long continuance of this good understanding which, based 1111

58 as it is on mutual respect, friendship and confidence, is of such value for the athletic life of our country, increases the gratitude with which we shall always retain the memory of the glorious, sunshine-filled Olympiad of 1912 the greatest, most important, most brilliant and best- organized athletic festival the world has ever seen. Helsingfors, August For the Finnish Olympic Committee: R. F. V. WLLLEBRAND. IVAR WLLSKMAN. AD. FR. LONDEN. AUGUST LUNDQVIST, GOSTA WASENIUS. UNO WESTERHOLM. ERNST KROGIUS. {Translation^) The Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, Telegram from Finnish athletes. Being about to return to our native country after unforgettable, sunny Olympic weeks in Stockholm, Finland's athletes send, from the depths of their hearts, their warm and respectful thanks to the Swedish Olympic Committee, to the leaders and officials of the competitions, to fellow competitors, to the City of Stockholm, and to the people of Sweden. Monsieur Kristian Hellstrom, Monsieur le Secretaire. Letter from Paid Rousseau. Vice-President of the French Cycling Association. 24, Boulevard Poissonniere, Paris, le 7 Aout Secretaire du Comite des Jeux Olympiques, Hamngatan 1 A, Stockholm, Suede. J'ai bien re^u, a mon retour de Stockholm, votre lettre du 31 Juillet. Je vous en suis tres reconnaissant. J'avais eu, du reste, I'honneur de vous rendre visite avant mon depart et je vous avais laisse ma carte, mais je n'ai pas eu le plaisir de vous rencontrer. Les Jeux Olympiques sont, en effet, termines mais, nous en aurons retenu, comme vous, de profitables enseignements, et je suis persuade, qu'un jour, nous nous rencontrerons encore dans quelque reunion sportive pour arriver, a donner, si possible, a toutes les epreuves de sport une organisation meilleure et obtenir de la part de tous les pays, des manifestations de plus en plus nombreuses et de plus en plus profitables pour les sports. En vous remerciant encore et en vous disant combien le me felicite de mon voyage en Suede, je vous prie d'agreer. Monsieur le Secretaire, I'expression de mes sentiments les meilleurs et les plus distingues. Hochgeehrter Herr Oberst! Le Vice-President de I'U. V. F. PAUL ROUSSEAU. Letter from the German Olympic Committee. Berlin, den 12. Oktober Im Namen des Deutschen Reichs-Ausschusses fiir Olympische Spiele sage ich Ihnen hiermit fiir die liebenswiirdige Aufnahme und umfassende Gastfreundschaft, 1112 welche wir alle wahrend unseres Aufenthalts in Stockholm fanden, unseren verbindlichsten Dank. Wahrend der unvergleichlich schonen Tage der V. Olympiade haben viele unserer jungen Sportsleu.te mit den schwedischen Kameraden enge Freundschaft geschlossen und ich gebe der Zuversicht Ausdruck, dass diese Freundschaft eine dauernde und der Ursprung immer festerer Beziehungen zwischen den beiden stamm verwandten Nationen sein wird. Moge es uns vergonnt sein, Sie und die schwedischen Sportsleute im Jahre 1916 hier in Berlin recht zahlreich zu begriissen, um unsere Dankbarkeit beweisen und zu einem Teil abtragen zu konnen. Mit dem Ausdruck meiner besonderen Hochachtung verbleibe ich, Herr Oberst, An das Schwedische Organisationskomitee der V. Olympiade z. H. des Herrn Oberst Balck, Stockholm. Ihr sehr ergebener VON PODBIELSKI, Staatsminister Prasident des Deutschen Reichausschusses fiir Olympische Spiele. Letter from the Hungarian Olympic Committee. Budapest, am g.-ten September Hochlobliches Schwedisches Olympisches Organisationscomite, Stockholm. Das Prasidium des Ungarischen Olympischen Comites, von Stockholm zuruckgekehrt, erachtet es als seine angenehme Pflicht so dem Schwedischen Olympischen Comites, wie auch alien jenen, die an dem Arrangement der Stockholmer Olympiade mitgearbeitet haben, seinen aufrichtigsten und innigsten Dank auszusprechen. Samtlichen Ungarischen Teilnehmern, werden so der grossartigen Empfang, wie auch die gastfreundliche Aufnahme, ewig unvergesslich bleiben. Es ist uns die Moglichkeit geboten wurden die Schweden kennen und lieben zu lernen, und habeii wir Ihre grossartige Kultur bewundert. Als Sporttreibende haben wir mit Bewunderung das exacte und unerreichbar correcte Arrangement bestaunt. Das vollkommen precise und sportlich correcte Arrangement bezeugte die mustergiltige Arbeit unserer Schwedischen Sportfreunde, dieses Arrangement kan einer jeden nachfolgenden Olympiad nur als leuchtenden Beispiel dienen. Wir sind dessen fest iiberzeugt, dass die allgemeine Anerkennung, welche von einen jeden Kulturstaate Ihnen zuteil wurde, das fiir die geleistete iibermenschliche Arbeit, der schonste Preis ist, Indem wir noch die herzlichste Gratulation Ihnen darbringen zu jenen grossartigen und gutverdienten Erfolgen, welche die Schwedische Nation im grossen Turnier der Volker erreicht hat, ersuchen wir Sie, dass Sie unsere Nation in angenehmer Erinnerung halten mogen. Uns bestens empfehlend verbleiben mit ganz besonder Hochachtung. MAGYAR OLYMPIAI BIZOTTSAG, Comite Olympique Hongrois. LAUBER, DE GERENDAY, JULES VON MUZSA, Secretiir. Viceprasident. Prasident. III3

59 {Translation^) The Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm. Letter from the Norwegian Olympic Committee. Gardermoen, 7 August, On behalf of the Norwegian Olympic Committee I beg to send the Swedish Olympic Committee the heartiest and most respectful thanks for all that it has done during the Fifth Olympiad in Stockholm, which has just ended. Just as this Olympiad will always remain a brilliant event in the history oi Sweden, so it will be an example to be followed by us all. We admired the clear planning; we have watched its execution with the same admiration, and we have brought home with us to our nation a sum of useful and fundamental experience. On the part of all the Norwegian competitors and officials who shared in the Filjh Olympiad I beg to remain. {Translation}) Yours most respectfully JOHAN SVERRE, President. Letter from Dr. Jayme Mauperrin Santos, President of the Portuguese Olympic Committee. Lisbon, 21 August, At an ordinary meeting held under my presidency, the Portuguese Olympic Committee unanimously resolved to write to you to express the deep sense of recognition and gratitude for your unwearied care and protection of the Portuguese competitors during the whole of their stay in Stockholm, as well as for the tokens of deep sympathy you evinced on the lamentable occasion of the death of our fellow - countryman, Francisco Lazaro. The only return the Portuguese Olympic Committee can make for all this exceeding kindness is this expression of its indelible sense of gratitude. Monsieur Kristian Hellstrom, Stockholm. With fraternal greetings. Dr. JAYME MAUPERRIN SANTOS, President. Letter from G. Duperron, Secretary to the Russian Olympic Committee. Le 2 Septembre De retour a Stockholm apres une tournee a I'etranger j'ai trouve votre aimable lettre. Je ne puis qu'approuver le regret de ne pas avoir pu vous connaitre davantage et je vous prie d'accepter tout mon estime pour la grande ceuvre que vous avez si personnellement accomplie. Mon travail dans le Comite Russe me permet de considerer tout specialement 1'enorme effort que vous avez du fournir pour la reussite des Jeux Olympiques Veuillez agreer encore mes remerciments personnels pour toute 1'amabilite que j'ai vu de votre part aux occasions des courtes entrevues que nous avons eues. Mon Colonel, G. DUPERRON. Letter from the Servian Olympic Committee. Belgrade 10 IX Le Comite Olympique Serbe a I'honneur de vous remercier du charmant accueil que vous avez bien voulu reserver a ses representants a la V Olympiade a Stockholm, et vous prie de croire a sa sincere reconnaissance. Veuillez accepter, mon Colonel, pour vous-meme les expressions de mes sentiments les plus devoues. Chairman, Olympic Committee. President du Comite Olympique Serbe, General NIK. STEFANOVITCH. Telegram from Captain E. Wether ell, Manager of the South African Contingent. On our departure from Sweden we would thank you and your Committees for the excellent arrangements made for the Games and also for our personal comfort. The kindness we have received on all hands has been very great. We are leaving your country with great regret. Captain WETHERELL, and members of South African Olympic leam. Letter from J. Menkin, Esq., Secretary of the South African Olympic Committee. The Secretary, The Swedish Olympic Committee, 1 A, Hamngatan, Johannesburg 21st October Stockholm. Dear Sir, - I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the 4th September, conveying the thanks of your Committee, which was laid before my Committee, and I can assure you the flattering remarks therein contained were greatly appreciated. Whatever slight support and co-operation my Committee has been able to render you has been a pleasure and a benefit to them, as the results of the recent Games testily. In return, will you kindly convey to your Committee the warmest thanks of my Committee, not only for your kind help and support in obtaining quarters and accommodation for the South African team, and for general assistance throughout, but also for your every effort to do honour where honour was due. Believe me, dear Sir, III5 Yours sincerely, J. MENKIN, Secretary.

60 Letter from Sidney H. Farrar, Esq., President of the South African Olympic Committee, 4, London Wall Buildings, London, E. C. 8th October The Secretary, Swedish Olympic Committee, Dear Sir, Stockholm. On behalf of the South African Olympic Committee who have now had an opportunity of seeing their athletes on their return to South Africa, I beg to tender to you and your Committee their sincere thanks for your great kindness and courtesy to the South African Team, which, I can assure you, has been very much appreciated throughout South Africa. Personally, I should like to add my sincere thanks to you for your prompt courtesy in all matters on which I have had occasion to refer to you. Monsieur, Monsieur Kristian Hellstrom, Stockholm. I am, dear Sir, Yours very truly, SIDNEY H. FARRAR, Chairman, London Committee, South African Olympic Team. Letter frorn Godefroy dc Bio nay, Member of the Swiss Olympic Committee. On me retourne aujourd'hui la lettre que vous m'avez Thonneur de m'adresser le 31 Juillett; je vous en remercie tout specialement Soyez persuade que 1'immense tache que vous avez menee a bien avec une competence sans pareille vous vaut la reconnaissance de tous et que chacun de seul qui ont ete en rapports avec vous eut desire pouvoir collaborer dans une plus large mesure a votre travail. J'espere avoir le plaisir de vous rencontrer encore avant mon depart, si cela ne devait pas etre le cas je vous prie d'accepter. Monsieur, avec Tassurance de mes meilleurs sentiments tous mes voeux pour le bonheur qui vous attend prochainement. Page CORRECTIONS. 70, line 20 from bottom: for» 105,»» 262,»» 613,»» I04I,» Plate 83 dele» 279»» 59 for» 230» » 16» 'Road'. 'Harbour. 'Sevre' read 'Barret'» top: 'Sevres'. ^Barrett'. 'Katrina' ', while' 'this' 'officals' 'order' read 'Catania'. 'and'. thus'. 'officials'. 'Placing'. GODEFROY DE BLONAY. Grand Hotel de Saltsjobaden le 8 Aout

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