Choosing a Gravid Water Recipe and CO2 Formulation for Mosquito Surveillance. Presented by Jay Kiser

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1 Choosing a Gravid Water Recipe and CO2 Formulation for Mosquito Surveillance Presented by Jay Kiser

2 Surveillance All mosquito control programs should have a surveillance program Larval surveillance Dipping Rearing Species counting and identification

3 Surveillance All mosquito control programs should have a surveillance program Adult surveillance Landing rates Trapping Gravid traps CDC light traps BG sentinel traps Species counting and identification

seeking a location to lay their eggs CO2 Formulation Attractant used with CDC light

4 Choosing the Best Attractants for Adult Surveillance Gravid Water Recipe Attractant used in gravid traps Attracts Culex pipiens and Culex restuans that are gravid and seeking a location to lay their eggs CO2 Formulation Attractant used with CDC light traps and BG sentinel traps Attracts a wide range of mosquito species seeking a host

5 Choosing the Best Attractants for Adult Surveillance Comparing Effectiveness in Catching Mosquitoes Comparing Costs What catches the most Total mosquitoes By species Looking at costs Costs of ingredients Start up costs Time in manpower

6 Gravid Water Recipe Choosing the right ingredients Choosing the right methods Lots of different ingredients used for gravid water Hay Grass Alfalfa Chicken manure Different strains of yeast Altosid Lots of different ways to make gravid water Time used to mature Days to weeks Container/batch size used for gravid water Large trashcan vs small containers Length of time gravid water is used in the field One trap night vs multiple

7 City of Suffolk s Recipe Since 2011 In each 2.5 gallon jug One large cube of alfalfa ½ cup of chicken manure ½ gram or 1/16 teaspoon of baker s yeast 1 gallon of water Mix vigorously Let sit for 1 week with cap screwed lightly

8 How Does Suffolk s Recipe Hold Up? We received some flack for our use of alfalfa Some studies have shown that hay and grass work better

9 How Does Suffolk s Recipe Hold Up? We started questioning the yeast we use Local mosquito controls use a spectrum of yeasts

10 How Does Suffolk s Recipe Hold Up? Questioning small batches versus large Large batch is a more typical practice

11 Experimental Setup 4 gravid waters tested Suffolk s gravid water Hay and grass (no alfalfa) Brewer s Yeast (no baker s yeast) Norfolk s gravid water (made in a large container) Latin square design 16 nights of trapping total July 12 August 10, trapsites Ended up using three sites Suffolk water 20m Norfolk water 20m 20m Hay and Grass 20m Brewer s Yeast

12 Experimental Setup Burbage Grant Nansemond Shores North Street North Jericho

13 Gravid Water Results 1,640 Mosquitoes 1,505 females, 135 males 18 species 1,367 female Culex pipiens/restuans (91% of total females) 60 female Aedes albopictus (4% of total females)

14 Gravid Water Results 1 Factor ANOVA Conducted No significant differences were calculated

15 Gravid Water Results 2 Factor ANOVA Conducted No significant differences were calculated between recipes North St had significantly more mosquitoes than other sites (p 0.05)

16 Gravid Water Results 1 Factor ANOVA Conducted w/ Post Hoc t-tests Norfolk water caught significantly more (p 0.05)

17 Gravid Water Results

18 Costs of Ingredients Vegetation ingredient Bag of Alfalfa..$16.99 Bail of Hay $9.99 Grass clippings Free Yeast Baker s..$13.40 Brewer s $15.79 Container Size Small Jugs (30)...$ Not including S/H Large Trashcan w/spout (2) You assemble...$80.00 Preassembled.$ Not including S/H

19 CO2 Formulation Choosing the right CO2 Dry Ice CO2 Gas Yeast fermentation Animals Human in landing rates Other experimental choices

Comparison of volatiles and mosquito capture efficacy for three carbohydrate

20 Set up for CO2 from Yeast Fermentation Aldridge RL, Britch SC, Allan SA, Tsikolia M, Calix LC, Brenier UR, and Linthicum KJ Comparison of volatiles and mosquito capture efficacy for three carbohydrate sources in yeast-fermentation CO2 generator. Journal of American Mosquito Control. 32 (4):

21 Experimental Setup 5 CO2 Formations Dry Ice CO2 Gas Tank Yeast Fermentation Alt. Experimental Formulation No CO2 BG 2 Traps with no BG lure Latin square design 25 nights of trapping August 8 September 13, 2017 Commuter Lot

22 Experimental Setup 20m Dry Ice 20m No CO2 20m CO2 Gas 20m Alt. 20m Yeast

23 Experiment Location

26 CO2 Formulation Results 25 Nights of Trapping: 19,767 Mosquitoes 19,008 females, 759 males 22 species 9,975 female Psorophora ferox (52% of total females) 3,699 female Aedes atlanticus/tormentor (19% of total females) 2,387 female Culiseta melanura (13% of total females)

27 CO2 Formulation Results 1 Factor ANOVA w/ t-tests Conducted Red Lines Show Formulations with No Significant Differences p 0.05

28 CO2 Formulation Results

29 CO2 Tanks vs Dry Ice CO2 Gas in Tanks Dry Ice

30 CO2 Tanks vs Dry Ice

31 CO2 Tanks vs Dry Ice CO2 Tanks Startup Costs Cylinder $ x 30 = $3435 Regulator $78.74 x 20 = $1575 Annual Costs Step Downs $5.72 x 50 = $ ft Tubing $114 x 2 = $228 Nipples $2 x 15 = $30 CO2 refills $9.77 x 152 = $1485 Total of $5010 Total of $2029

32 CO2 Tanks vs Dry Ice Dry Ice Startup Costs Insulated Dry Ice Coolers $24 x 20 = $480 Annual Costs 1421 (CDC +BG) traps set with 3 lbs of ice per trap = 4263 lbs Dry Ice $1.10 per pound 4263 lbs x $1.10 = $4689 Dry Ice $.92 per pound 4263 lbs x $.92 = $3922

33 Dry Ice CO2 Tanks CO2 Tanks vs Dry Ice CO2 Tanks Startup Cost $5010 Annual Cost $1993 Dry Ice Startup Cost $480 Annual Cost $ Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years Startup Costs $480 Annual Costs $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 $3,922 Running Total $4,402 $8,324 $12,246 $16,168 $20,090 $24,012 $27,934 $31,856 $35,778 $39,700 Startup Costs $5,010 Inspections $675 $675 Annual Costs $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 $1,993 Running Total $7,003 $8,996 $10,989 $12,982 $15,650 $17,643 $19,636 $21,629 $23,622 $26,290 Savings -$2,601 -$672 $1,257 $3,186 $4,440 $6,369 $8,298 $10,227 $12,156 $13,410

34 Truck Setup Empty Truck Full Truck

35 Truck Step for Lifting Out Tanks

36 Gaging CO2 Amount In Tanks

37 Conclusions Gravid Water Suffolk Recipe Alfalfa, Baker s yeast, small jugs Hay and Grass Brewer s Yeast Norfolk Recipe Large container No significant differences seen with total counts or Culex pip/res between recipes Norfolk water caught significantly more Ae. alb Price of recipes are about the same Large container is cheaper CO2 Formulation Dry Ice CO2 Tank Yeast Alt. None Dry Ice caught more mosquitoes Significantly more Aedes albopictus Significantly more Aedes atlanticus More Psorophora Ferox CO2 Tank caught significantly more Culiseta melanura Yeast fermentation caught significantly more mosquitoes than no CO2 CO2 tanks are cheaper in the long run

38 Thank You I would like to recognize and thank those that contributed to portions of this presentation Karen Akaratovic Charles Abadam Jamie Durden Caitlin Scuilli Nicole Barnes Ashley Byers Amber Rymer City of Suffolk Norfolk Mosquito Control Biogents Robert Aldridge

STAPLETON MCA MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAM

STAPLETON MCA MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAM MONTHLY REPORT: JULY 2017 VECTOR DISEASE CONTROL INTL. Contact VDCI: Rob Kozar Front Range Regional Manager 303-428-5908 E-Mail: rkozar@vdci.net Website: www.vdci.net/colorado