Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational text Text Structure

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1 LESSON 23 TEACHER S GUIDE by J. P. Adams Fountas-Pinnell Level R Informational Text Selection Summary Rodeos are held all over the United States, a testimony to their enduring popularity. This selection explores the origins of rodeo, tracing the emergence of cowboys in the American West, the rise of cowtowns, and the contests that were born in these settlements. Number of Words: 1,107 Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational text Text Structure Content Themes and Ideas Language and Literary Features Sentence Complexity Vocabulary Words Illustrations Book and Print Features Third-person narrative with second-person voice in introduction and conclusion, organized into eight chapters. Chapter headings signal key developments in the history of rodeo. Introductory section connects modern rodeo to the nineteenth-century western frontier. How rodeo took hold in American consciousness Description of different events in rodeo Original rodeo versus modern rodeo Modern rodeo has its origins in the American West. Rodeo s original purpose has evolved over time to become profi table to contestants. Watching a rodeo can connect one to the history of the United States. Descriptive language enlivens rodeo for readers Chapter headings include signal words such as fi rst, end, today, conclusion A mix of short and complex sentences Multiple items in series Some technical words associated with rodeo, such as lariat, broncos, branding, cowhands Some multisyllable words, some of them challenging, such as successful, historians, exceptional, transportation, vaqueros Mix of historic and modern photographs, etchings, technical art, maps, and historic advertisements illuminate the details in the text Twelve pages of text, easy-to-read chapter headings, and illustrations on most pages Italics and parentheses used to highlight unfamiliar terms Em dashes and exclamations Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

2 by J. P. Adams Build Background Help students use their knowledge of rodeo and the history of the American West to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking a question such as the following: Where have you read or seen information about rodeos before? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photograph. As informational text, this selection will include many facts. Introduce the Text Guide students through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 3: Explain that this is a selection about the history of rodeo. Suggested language: Look at the illustration on page 3. Ask: From the illustration, what was one of the most important things for a cowboy to be able to do? Page 4: Look at the photograph. Ask: How does this photograph demonstrate that wrestling steers is very diffi cult? Page 5: Tell students that cowboys tended to the cattle on sprawling ranches, and that one of their responsibilities was to brand cattle. Look at the art on this page. Ask: How does it help you better understand what branding is? Page 7: Point out the chapter heading on this page. Make sure students understand that roots, in this context, means origins or beginnings.. Pages 9 10: Draw attention to the inset features. Explain that each box acquaints readers with a different historical fi gure. Ask: How can you tell that these are early rodeo stars? Now turn back to the beginning of the selection to learn how rodeo began and how it has changed over time. Target Vocabulary acknowledged to have recognized or accepted something, p. 14 acquainted to know and be familiar with something decline a falling off, a lowering or weakening, p. 11 dominated to have strongly controlled something, p. 9 extending stretching from one point to another flourished to have thrived or prospered hostile not friendly prospered to have been successful, p. 5 residents the people who live in a place sprawling something that extends over a wide area, p. 5 2 Lesson 23:

3 Read Have students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed. Remind students to use the Summarize Strategy periodically as they read. and to summarize Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite students to share their personal responses to the text. Suggested language: What did you learn about rodeos that you didn t know previously? Do you think rodeo contestants are motivated by money, having fun, or both? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help students understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Rodeo is a sport that has been around for over 100 years. Modern rodeo contains elements of the original sport, with bronc riding and bull riding having evolved into the sport over time. The text s narrative is structured to provide readers a glimpse of modern rodeo, and then explores rodeo s roots. Modern sports have their roots in work and games from the past. Attending a modern rodeo can help people learn about what the American West was like in the 1800s Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. The author uses sidebars to profile key historical figures in rodeo. The author uses exclamation points, as with the title, to portray the excitement of rodeo to readers. Choices for Further Support Fluency Invite students to participate in a readers theater. Remind them to use a faster rate when reading the descriptions of the intense action involved in rodeo. Comprehension Based on your observations of the students reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas. Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that learning common suffi xes found in words such as mostly, successful, and longest can help them discern the meaning of the new word, but that it should also be confi rmed by looking up the word in a dictionary. 3 Lesson 23:

4 Writing about Reading Have students complete the questions on BLM Responding Have students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill. Target Comprehension Skill Main Ideas and Details Remind students that they can infer main ideas based on supporting details contained in the text. Model how to add details to the Graphic Organizer, using a Think Aloud like the one below: Think Aloud Rodeo riders today can earn a lot of money. Put that in a detail oval. Modern rodeo is very popular for spectators. Put that in another detail oval. These details, combined with what is already in the chart, contribute to the main idea that rodeo was important in the 1800s and is still important today. Practice the Skill Have students share an example of another text in which identifying details helped them to determine the main idea. Writing Prompt: Thinking About the Text Have students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think about the text, they reflect back on the text. They should notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized. Assessment Prompts Which chapter from the selection contains information about cattle drives? What can you tell about historical fi gures in rodeo based on reading this text? This selection is mainly about. 4 Lesson 23:

5 English Language Development Reading Support Pair advanced and intermediate readers to read the selection softly, or have students listen to the audio or online recordings. Remind them that this selection deals with the roots and continuing appeal of rodeo. Cognates The text includes some cognates. Tell students that the term rodeo is derived from the Spanish verb rodear, which means to surround. The word animals on page 14 has the same meaning as the Spanish noun animales. Oral Language Development Check student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student. Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: Who is telling about rodeos? Speaker 2: a narrator Speaker 1: Where are rodeos held? Speaker 2: all over the United States Speaker 1: Where did rodeos begin? Speaker 2: in cowtowns Speaker 1: What did cowboys do to celebrate a successful cattle drive? Speaker 2: Cowboys would hold friendly contests with one another. Speaker 1: What competition did Jackson Sundown dominate? Speaker 2: Jackson Sundown dominated at the sport of bronc riding. Speaker 1: What caused the decline of rodeo? Speaker 2: Rodeo went into decline for many reasons. For example, the open range was fenced with barbed wire, so cowboys didn t need to follow herds. Railroads, instead of cowboys, were used to move cattle. Name Date Lesson 23 BLACKLINE MASTER 23.7 Read and answer the questions. Possible responses shown. 1. Think within the text What is the main idea of page 11? The era of cowboys on the open range was in decline by the early 1900s. 2. Think within the text Name three early rodeo stars. Annie Oakley, Jackson Sundown, and Bill Pickett 3. Think beyond the text Why are rodeos part of American history? Rodeos started during cattle drives in the West. 4. Think about the text Why does the author provide so much history and background about the rodeo? So that when the modern rodeo is described, the reader understands where the events and traditions came from. Making Connections Would you ever go to a rodeo? Why or why not? Write your answer in your Reader s Notebook.. All rights reserved. 9, Unit 5: Under Western Skies 5 Lesson 23:

6 Name Date Thinking About the Text Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs. Remember that when you think about the text, you reflect back on the text. You notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized. On pages 9 and 10, the author profiles three famous people who were early rodeo stars. Examine each biography and the photograph or illustration that accompanies it. What do the illustrations tell you about the time and place in which they were produced? Why do you think the author added these biographies to the book? Support your answers with details from the text. 6 Lesson 23:

7 Name Date Lesson 23 BLACKLINE MASTER 23.7 Read and answer the questions. 1. Think within the text What is the main idea of page 11? 2. Think within the text Name three early rodeo stars. 3. Think beyond the text Why are rodeos part of American history? 4. Think about the text Why does the author provide so much history and background about the rodeo? Making Connections Would you ever go to a rodeo? Why or why not? Write your answer in your Reader s Notebook. 7 Lesson 23:

8 Student Date Lesson 23 BLACKLINE MASTER LEVEL R Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 7 How did the rodeo begin? Rodeos started in cowtowns. Cowtowns were lively places. When a big cattle drive ended, many cowboys stayed for a while in the cowtowns. After a successful cattle drive, cowboys often wanted to celebrate. They had friendly contests with each other. In these contests, each cowboy tried to prove that he was the bravest and best at his job. Cowboys bragged about their skills. They dared each other to perform dangerous tricks on horseback. These entertaining contests were the very first rodeos. 8 Historians are not sure exactly when the first official rodeo was held. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/98 100) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly cat 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission cat 0 cat 1 Behavior Code Error Substitution cut cat 1 Self-corrects cut sc cat 0 Insertion the 1 Word told T 1 cat Lesson 23: