Teacher's Guide SYMBOLS -TEXAS

Transcription

1 Teacher's Guide SYMBOLS OF -TEXAS

2 Teacher's Guide SYMBOLS OF TEXAS by Barbara Valentic Carolyn Jennings 801 South Bowie Street p.o. Box 1226, San Antonio, Texas 78294

3 <91986, The University of Texas nstitute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio P.O. Box 1226, San Antonio, Texas John R. McGiffert, nterim Executive Director nternational Standard Book Number The portion of "Texas, Our Texas" on page 13 is copyright 1925 by William J. Marsh and used by permission of Southern Music Co., San Antonio, Texas.

4 CONTENTS NTRODUCTON TEACHNG THE CONCEPT... 6 HOW TO SHOW THE PROGRAM... 8 AUDO SCRPT... 9 VOCABULARY ACTVTES SUGGESTED READNGS PHOTO CREDTS... 29

5 NTRODUCTON This program guide offers teachers a variety of learning activities designed to accompany the Symbols of Texas audiovisual program. Students can become involved in games, cutting and pasting, and graphing as they learn some of the many symbols that represent Texas. The activities have been correlated to the Essential Elements of the basic curriculum mandated by the Texas Legislature in Chapter 75 of the Texas Education Code for kindergarten through fourth grade. 5

6 TEACHNG THE CONCEPT Symbols are things that make us think of other things. Symbols can also represent ideas and beliefs that people have. For example, in our classroom we have a flag. When we look at the flag we think about our country. We say the Pledge of Allegiance and sing a song about America. These are all symbols of our country because they help us think about it. Here are some other symbols. You tell me what they make you think of, what they symbolize. (Show pictures whenever possible.) Common symbols in everyday life: Traffic symbols Stop sign, traffic light, no left/right turn, crosswalk, crossing guards in uniform Safety symbols Skull and crossbones, helping hand, Mr. Yuk, school safety patrol belf and badge Animals as symbols Swan for gracefulness, mule for stubbornness, pig for untidiness, lion for courage, bee for busyness, ant for industriousness Symbols of the United States Uncle Sam; flag; national seal; the colors red, white and blue; the White House; Statue of Liberty; national anthem; bald eagle Language symbols: n written language, we use symbols to tell us what our voice must do when we are reading:? to ask a question,. to stop,! to show feeling,, to pause and continue. (Demonstrate to students how difficult written langu.age would be without the use of these symbols.) want to go to school stop Do you want to come question mark will buy hamburger rolls pause chocolate milk and candy at the store stop 6

7 Math symbols We use symbols in place of words to indicate which mathematical operation we are to do: + for addition, - for subtraction, = for the same as, > for greater than and < for less than. (Demonstrate to students how difficult it would be if we did not have these symbols by writing problems on the chalkboard using words in place of symbols.) 6 added to 4 is the same as 10 6 added to 4 is the same as 10 9 take away 5 is the same as 4. 9 take away 5 is the same as 4 Numbers themselves are symbols which represent a particular amount of objects. (Show students how difficult it would be if we did not have numbers to stand for the quantity of objects we are working with.) 7

8 HOW TO SHOW THE PROGRAM Visuals Slide Set-The slides are numbered in sequential order for your convenience. To project properly, the number should appear in the upper right-hand corner of the mount on the side away from the screen. Position the carousel in the "0" position to begin. Filmstrip - The filmstrip may be projected through any standard 35mm filmstrip projector. The strip includes a focus frame at the start. Advance the strip once to the next black frame to start. Audio Cassette - Half-track monaural recorded at 1 % ips. The program is recorded on both sides of the tape. The labeled side of the cassette has audible tones that cue the operator to manually change the frames. The other side of the cassette has inaudible tones (at 50 Hz) that cue the projector to change the frames automatically. 8

9 . AUDO SCRPT Narration Visuals Symbols of Texas. 2. [MUSC] 3. [MUSC] Symbols are things that make us think of other things. 5. We can draw the outline of a map; we can sew a red, white and blue flag with a single star; 7. or we can paint a picture of the Alamo All of these things make us think of Texas. 9. The state government has made some symbols "official," such as the state flag

10 ' 10. t is seen in many places such as courtand schoolyards. 11. The state seal is another way to show Texas. t reminds us of our state government and is used on important papers and letters. 13. You've probably seen and heard the state bird in your neighborhood. [BRD CALL] We hear the mockingbird make so many calls that he seems to be talking to all of us The state tree is another favorite symbol. Do you know its name? 15. Of course, it's the pecan. People from Texas usually say pi-cahn; i i, 16. other people may say pee-can. But no matter how you say it, the pies taste great! 17. The Spanish word for men on horseback who herd cattle is "vaquero:' ' 18. Newcomers to Texas in the 19th century learned from vaqueros and became cowboys. 19. The longhorn cattle that cowboys drove to markets in other parts of the United States have also become a symbol of the state. 21. Longhorns were a strong breed, able to care for themselves on the open Texas range

11 22. n the early 1900's, oil fields became a familiar sight in Texas. 23. Oil, like cowboys and longhorns, became a symbol of Texas both in and out of the state ~.' ~ "' '.!., '!"! i '.., ~ 24. Rich natural grasslands covered the Texas range. One grass, called sideoats grama, was chosen in 1971 as the state grass of Texas. 25. Another nutritious plant that grows wild over much of Texas is the prickly pear cactus When its sharp spines are removed, the pads and fruit provide a tasty meal for people and cattle. 27. Who's this, burrowing around under a prickly pear cactus? t's an armadillo His name comes from a Spanish word which means "little armored fellow:' You've probably seen him in zoos, cartoons, races and advertisements. 29. You can even see him in toy stores Everyone recognizes this Texas symbol, the Alamo. Here Texas forces fought to their deaths against Mexican troops. 31. The building and the cry "Remember the Alamo" have become symbols of Texas independence. 32. Another familiar building is the state capitol in Austin. This building is the center of Texas government. 33. t was built with pink granite from Granite Mountain near Marble Falls

12 ff 34. When it was completed in 1888, it was the seventh tallest building in the world. No wonder everything seems big in Texas. 35. t is! Texas is big, and all around us are symbols that tell us about our state , 36. The state flower is often honored in paintings or on pieces of jewelry. ' 37. Fields of bluebonnets decorate the hillsides and highways of Texas each spring This piece of petrified palmwood is probably millions of years old. 39. At one time, the ocean covered much of South Texas The palm trees that grew on the shores died when the climate changed and the water level dropped. Gradually the trees were buried and became petrified, or turned to stone. n 1969 petrified palmwood was chosen as our state stone. 42. Another stone honored as a symbol of Texas is the blue topaz. 43. When it's cut like this, it reminds us of a star like the one on our state flag. While all of these symbols make us think of Texas the word Texas means something too. Several ndian tribes used the word "tejas" to mean friends. 45. n 1930 "friendship" became the state motto. But Texans are more than friendly; they're proud of their heritage and all that is Texas

13 46. The words of our state song, 'Texas, Our Texas;' reflect this pride. 47. "Texas, our Texas! all hail the mighty state! 49. Texas, our Texas! So wonderful, so great! 51. Boldest and grandest, withstanding every test; Empire wide and glorious, you stand supremely blest:' 55. These symbols and more are keys that help us unlock the fascinating story of Texas the land and its people. 57. [MUSC] [MUSC] [MUSC]

14 VOCABULARY Alamo-An old Spanish mission (Misi6n San Antonio de Valero) located in San Antonio, Texas. Site of a battle between Texan and Mexican soldiers in armadillo-a small hard-shelled mammal with a long snout and strong claws. The armadillo lives in parts of the southern United States and in South America. Austin -The capital city of Texas, located in the south central part of the state. bluebonnet-a wildflower with blue blossoms common in the southwestern United States. cactus - A plant with thick stems and spines found in desert areas. capital-the city where the government of a country or state is located., " capitol-:- The building in the capital where the governing body meets. longhorn - A breed of cattle with long horns common at one time in the southwestern United States. map - A drawing that shows where places and things are located. mockingbird-a bird that lives in North and South America and has dark grey feathers with white markings. Mockingbirds can imitate the calls of many other birds.,, motto - A short sentence or phrase that tells what something stands for or what someone believes. oil-a liquid pumped from the ground used to make fuels (such as gasoline) and plastics. pecan-a sweet-tasting nut that grows on a large tree. i 14

15 petrified palmwood-wood from palm trees that was turned to stone over millions of years by water seeping into the dead wood and leaving minerals inside it. sideoats grama-a type of grass that has oats growing to one side. state-a politically organized group of people living in a defined area. tejas-an ndian word for friend. topaz-a precious stone. vaquero - A Spanish word for person who herds cattle, or cowboy. 15

16 ACTVTES MAKE A SYMBOLS MATCHNG BOARD ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: 7S.21 (E.L.A. ) a-3-a-ii, b-3-b-iii; 7S.26 (p.e.) a-2-b-iii, b-2-b-iii; 7S.28 (S.5.) a-s-o, b-3-c Materials: 5" x 7" cards (or any appropriate size), old magazines, yarn, push pins To make bulletin board, have the students: 1. Draw or cut out pictures of Texas symbols. 2. Attach pictures to cards. ' ; 3. Punch a hole on the right side of the card and attach a length of yarn to it. 4. Tie a push pin to the other end of the yarn. 5. Staple the picture cards to the left side of the bulletin board. 6. Make a word card for each picture card. Staple the word cards to the right side of the bulletin board. 7. Match pictures with words by stretching yarn from the picture to the correct word. Variation: For kindergarten, have students make two cards depicting each symbol of Texas. On the card attached to the right side of the bulletin board, print the symbol name below the picture. Children proceed as above. 16

17 PLANT A BLUEBONNET GAME ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: (E.L.A.) a-1-c' a-2-a-iii, b-2-a-iii; (S. S.) a-5-0, b-3-c Preparations: Students draw and cut out ten flowerpots and ten stems of bluebonnets. Make a set of Texas symbols cards, using old magazines or reproducible master (pages 23-25). Laminate for durability. To play the game, have students: 1. Divide into two teams. 2. Attach five of the flowerpots to one side of the chalkboard for one team and the other five flowerpots to the other side of the board for the other team. 3. First.player on each team takes a stem of bluebonnets. 4. Teacher holds up first symbol card. The first player on Team 1 names the symbol (or names the symbol and explains its meaning). 5. f correct, the player "plants" his bluebonnet by attaching it above the first flowerpot on his side of the board. 6. f incorrect, the player passes his bluebonnet to the next player on his team. 7. Play goes to Player 1, Team 2. He tries to name the next symbol card. He will either "plant" his bluebonnet or pass it on to the next player on his team. 8. Play continues until one team has planted five bluebonnets. 17

18 SYMBOL HUNT ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: (E.L.A.) a-l-c, a-3-a-ii; (S.S.) a-5-d, b-3-c Preparations: Students make five sets of Texas symbol cards, using the reproducible master (pages 23-25). Laminate for durability. To play: 1. Teacher shuffles and hides the five sets of Texas symbol cards in the classroom.,, 2. The class divides into five teams. 3. Each team must find a complete set of Texas symbol cards. 4. The first team to do so is the winner. MAKE A MOBLE ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: (E.L.A.) a-l-c, a-3-d; (p.e.) a-2-b-iii, b-2-b-iii, c-2-b-iii, d-2-b-i, e-2-b-i; (EA.) a+b-i,ii, b-l-b-i, ii, c+b-i,ii, d-l-b-i,ii, e+b-i,ii; (S.S.) a-5-d, b-3-b Materials: Construction or drawing paper, string or yarn (2 pieces about 50" long), scissors, glue, crayons Symbols Mobile-Have students use patterns of symbols (pages 23-25); color, if desired, on both sides, cut out and attach to string. Texas Mobile - Have students cut out two sets of large letters spelling the word Texas. 1. Place one set on the floor in a vertical line. 2. Spread glue over letters and quickly place string down middle of all letters. 3. Place matching letter on top of the glued letters and press down lightly. Allow to dry. 4. Decorate both sides of letters with Texas symbols., 18,

19 HELP LESTER LONGHORN FND HS HERD ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: (E.L.A.) d-3-a-iii, iv, d-3-b-ii,iii, d-3-d-ii, e-3-a-ii, e-3-b-ii,iii, e-3-d-ii; (S.S.) b-3-c The "Help Lester Longhorn Find His Herd" board game has been designed for the third and fourth grade levels. Teachers are encouraged to expand the card deck by consulting their social studies textbook for more information about the symbols of Texas. Teachers of younger children can modify the board game to suit their needs. For example, the board game can be made into a floor game and the children allowed to stand on the squares after correctly identifying the symbols. Materials: Game board (page 26), clue cards (page 22), playing pieces such as buttons or pennies, one die To play (2-4 players): 1. Teacher sets up game board and shuffles clue cards, then places the cards face down in the center of the game board. 2. Teacher selects one player to be the "Master of Ceremonies:' He will read the clue cards and determine if the correct answer is given. Other players choose their playing pieces. 3. Teacher determines who is to begin play, then play proceeds clockwise around the board. 4. Master of Ceremonies turns over top card and reads clue to the first player. 5. Player 1 answers. f he is correct, he rolls the die and moves his playing piece the indicated number of spaces. 6. f he is incorrect, he loses his turn, and that clue card goes to the bottom of the pile. 7. Continue in the same manner with each player. 8. The player who reaches the herd first is the winner! 19

20 TEXAS SYMBOLS MATCH-UP ESSENTAL ELEMENfS: (E.LA) a-l-c, a-3-a-iii, b-3-b-iii, c-3-b-iii, e-3-b-iii; (5.5.) a-5-0, b-3-c Preparations: Have students make two sets of cards - one set with the pictures of the Texas symbols, and one set with the word (or words) describing that symbol. To play: " i, 1. Teacher shuffles cards and deals one card to each student. 2: At signal, students walk around and try to find their "matchmates:' 3. When a match is made, the two students go to a designated area of the classroom and sit on the floor until all matches are made. 4. When all matches have been made, each pair stands and holds their cards together for class evaluation. MONTAGE OF TEXAS SYMBOLS ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: WE.) a-2-b-iii, b-2-b-iii. c-2-b-iii. d-2-b-i, e-2-b-i; (EA.) a-l-b-i. b-l-b-i. c-l-b-i, d-l-b-i, e-1-b-i; (5.5.) a-5-d, b-3-c Materials: Old magazines, posterboard or cardboard, scissors and glue To make montage: 1. Using old magazines, students cut out a variety of symbols and pictures of Texas. 2. Students glue pictures to posterboard or cardboard in an attractive arrangement to make a montage. 3. Students might want to make up a title for their montage. :,,. 20

21 TEXAS SUPER SLEUTHS ESSENTAL ELEMENTS: (E.L.A. ) c-l-d, c-2-a-iv, d-l-d, d-2-a-ii, e-l-a, e-2-a-ii; (M) c-3-b, d-3-d, e-3-d 1. Class discusses and visually reviews symbols of Texas. 2. Class determines which symbols will be included in this activity. 3. During the next three days (or any designated time period), students will become ''Texas Super Sleuths" and record each time they spot one of the designated symbols and where they spotted it. 4. An individual or classroom graphing activity may be developed after all the information has been collected. 5. Teacher rewards may be given to the individual or group who spotted the most symbols. 21

22 Help Lester Longhorn Find His Herd - Clue Cards How many stars are on the state fla g of Texas? (One) What state is this? (Texas) This building in Austin, Texas, is made of pink granite and is the center of Texas government. Name it. (The capitol building) Name the blue wildflowers we see in Texas in the springtime. (Bluebonnets) Name the state tree of Texas. (The pecan tree) Name the place where an important battle for Texas independence was fought. (The Alamo) Needles are burned off this plant to provide food for people and cattle. Name the plant. (The prickly pear cactus) This animal's name means "little armored fellow." What is his real name? (The armadillo) What cattle are strong and can take care of themselves on the Texas open range? (The longhorns) The Texas state bird knows many different calls. Name this bird. (The mockingbird) What colors are found on the Lone Star flag? (Red, white and blue) n the early 1900's, what became a familiar sight in Texas? (Oil fields) What are men called who ride horses and herd cattle? (Cowboys or vaqueros) 22

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26 - =---_. Help Lester Longhorn Find His Herd - GO TO SDEOATS GRAMA FORA TASTY MEAL. &11. Desert ~~ Beware of.~ -.- the spines on the Prickly Pear Cactus. GO BACK 5 SPACES. ~x Desert Beware of,-.,-""-- the spines on the Prickly Pear Cactus. GO BACK 5 SPACES. GO TO THE PECAN TREE.

27 tv...::t GO TO THE ARMADLLO RACE. CROSS THE BLUEBONNET BRDGE. Ll?' i GO BACK TO THE ARMADLLO RACE. Pecan Tree GO BACK TO THE PECAN TREE.

28 SUGGESTED READNGS Adams, Carolyn. Stars Over Texas. Austin: Eakin Press, pp. Alter, Judy. The Texas ABC Book. Fort Worth: Picnic Press, pp. Brite, Mary. Armadillo Fact and Fiction. Fort Worth: Picnic Press, pp. Casad, Mary Brooke. Bluebonnet at the Alamo. Austin: Eakin Press, pp. Cousins, Margaret. The Boy in the Alamo. San Antonio: Corona Publishing Co., 1958, pp. DePaola, Tomie. The Legend of the Bluebonnet. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, pp.. Gartland, Robert A. Cowboys and Cattle. Austin: Eakin Press, pp. Grimmer, Glenna. Texas Birds from A to Z. Austin: Eakin Press, pp. Hackney, Ann. The Epic Adventure- Texas! Jefferson: Historic Jefferson Foundation, pp. Hancock, Sibyl. Spindletop. Austin: Eakin Press, pp., and Fay Venable. Texas: Yesterday and Today. Austin: Eakin Press, pp. Jackson, Sarah, and Mary Ann Patterson. A Child's History of Texas. Austin: Eakin Press, pp. Kaplan, David. Roundup: A Texas Kid's Companion. Austin: Texas Monthly Press, pp. Official Commemorative Texas Sesquicentennial Coloring Book. Austin: The Balcones Company, pp. Speer, Aline, and Betsy Warren. Wildflowers of Texas. Austin: Ranch Gate, pp. Warren, Betsy. Texas in Historic Sites & Symbols. Dallas: Hendrick Long Publishing Co., pp. 28

29 PHOTO CREDTS Pictures not noted were produced by the staff of The nstitute of Texan Cultures. 3. Bluebonnets - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 7. The Alamo - Robert Onderdonk, watercolor. Witte Museum, San Antonio. 11. Texas State Seal- color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 13. Mockingbird-color slide. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin. 17. Charros - Ern~sto caza, oil painting. Castillo de Chapultepec, Mexico City, Mexico. 18. Cowboy roping calf - photograph. The Erwin E. Smith Collection of the Library of Congress on deposit at the Arnon Carter Museum, Fort Worth. 19. Longhorn-color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 21. Longhorn herd - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 22. Oil derricks - photograph. Spindletop Museum, Lamar University, Beaumont. 27. Armadillo under prickly pear cactus - color slide. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin. 35. "Big Tex"- photograph. Texas State Fair Publicity Department, Dallas. 37. Bluebonnets - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 39. Texas coastline-color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 40. Palm trees at sunset-color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 43. Blue topaz, Lone Star cut- Gary B. Worden, photograph. 44. Beaded ornament - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 45. Friendship Seal - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 47. Mountain landscape - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 49. Barren mountain - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 53. Boat on lake - color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 56. Silhouette of cowboy at sunset- color slide. Texas Highways Magazine, Austin. 29

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