CONTEMPORARY DETAILS COWBOY/RANCHING. PEOPLE TERMS-General skin-flint: tight or close-fisted person with their money

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1 CONTEMPORARY DETAILS COWBOY/RANCHING PEOPLE TERMS-General skin-flint: tight or close-fisted person with their money PEOPLE TERMS-Women buckle bunnies: female groupies who follow rodeo riders PEOPLE TERMS- Cowboys/Ranching bronc buster: cowboy with a special skill in taming (breaking) wild horses to be ridden cattle baron: cattle owner with numerous herds of stock, wielding power and influence in an area cattleman: person who tends or breeds cattle; rancher who raises cattle on a large scale; owner of a cattle ranch Cattlemen s (Stockmen s) Association: group of cattle producers COWBOY: man who herds and tends cattle on a ranch, who traditionally goes about most of his work on horseback; aka cowhand, cowpoke, cowprod, cowpuncher cow boss: in charge of the cattle operation on a ranch, answer to the general manager cowgirl: female cowboy cowman: ranch owner that makes a living raising cattle forked: a cowboy that can really ride a bronc well hand: person employed in manual labor or for general duties jigger or jigger boss: second in command to the buckaroo boss RANCHER: person who owns or works on a ranch business rosin jaw: hired man that does the mechanical, irrigating, and feeding chores on a ranch all the nonhorseback work tally-man: cowboy that stands beside the branding-fire at a roundup and makes a tally mark for each animal branded, ear-marked, and vaccinated, showing to whom it belongs tie-man: cowboy roper that ties the end of his rope to his saddle horn while roping horses or cattle twister: horse breaker wrangler: person on a ranch or cattle drive who takes care of the horses RANCHES-Types cattle ranches: run as for-profit business with multiple head of cattle, feedlots, processing facilities, ranch manager and ranch hands; sometimes raise bison fishing ranches: recreational with sport fishing; natural streams, rivers for fly fishing, or man-made and stocked lakes for boat fishing; most offer additional activities such as hunting and horseback riding guest (dude) ranches: offer lodging facilities for guests varying from 5-star lodges with fine dining and luxury suites to cabins or huts; some operate as corporate retreats or as retreats for individuals or families; emphasis is on horseback riding, learning to ride and other Western outdoor activities like lassoing and helping to move cattle to new pastures horse ranches: usually purchased for recreational purposes to accommodate horse enthusiasts; may have a simple barn and miles of riding trails, or have complete equestrian facilities with indoor and outdoor arenas, turnout pastures, hay storage, large barns with multiple horse stalls, wash racks and tack rooms hunting ranches: offer sport hunting for large animals including deer, elk and antelope or various types of birds; offer guest accommodations for recreational hunters working dude ranch: working cattle or sheep operations; horseback riding excursions are limited to those directly related to the ranch s livestock work; handson activities and menial labor, mucking out stalls, assisting in herding cattle 1 RANCH-Building & Parts of adjustable alley: attach to chutes and holding pens barn stool big bale feeder breeding chute breeding rack bucket cart bull pen bunk feeder calf bottle & nipple cattle feeder cattle feeding barn cattle guard cattle squeeze cattle trailer chutes corral: aka holding pen for cattle dipping vat ear tags & applicators electric fencing farrier tools feed cart feeding pails fences gates hay barn hay feeder hay rack horse barn horse clippers & shears horse shed line camp: crude shacks or camps on outermost boundaries of a ranch loading chute loading ramp machine shed mounting block movable pen office building open range: extensive area of open land for cattle to graze on paddock: large pen for horses pasture: large fenced grazing area of many acres; aka rangeland

2 pen: enclosure for holding livestock, usually for holding sheep, goats, and pigs pole barn pre-made cattle corrals: steel, very durable and sturdy, less expensive ranch: an extensive farm where large herds of cattle or horses are raised roping arena saddle rack/stand scoops stalls stall fork rake steel pipe fencing stock tank stockyard: groups of pens that are part of a larger complex to hold a large number of animals storage sheds tack cleaners vet room wash station waterers watering trough wing-construction corrals: at least two pens: one is connected to the pasture and a fence, another fence is used to form an angle into the gate of the cattle corral for ease of crowding cattle into the pen, pen leads to an alley which the cattle will walk until they reach the crowding alley and chute ACTION-Related to Ranching branding: marking cattle or horses with a hot iron imprinting the owner s symbol bronc busting/breaking: training an animal to accept being ridden build a loop: shaking out a coil of rope in preparation for roping castrating: removing the testicles; gelding cutting out: separating young calves out to be branded dally: wrap taken around the saddle horn with the tail end of a lariat rope dehorning: removing the horns, to prevent growth in the horns of cattle as by cauterization drive: moving a herd of cattle by surrounding them with cowboys and guiding the cattle in the right direction earmark: distinctive cut in a cow s ear to show ownership half-hitch: knot used by cowboys to tie a lariat to saddle horn hog tie: to tie both back legs and one front leg of an animal together securely so they can t get up lasso: to rope mixed farming: farm that grows crops and feed and raises livestock rather than specializing in one agricultural sector, such as only raising cattle riding fence: checking to see if the ranch s fences needed repair roundup: in the spring and fall, cowboys ride to the open range and collect all cattle, then they are sorted for ownership in order to brand and ear-mark the calves, and separate those to be shipped to market sidelining: using a set of hobbles between the front and back leg on the same side, this prevents the horse from loping away as is possible with normal hobbles stampede: when a herd of cattle gets spooked or scared and gallop away in a wild panic trailing: moving cattle from one location to another FEEDING-Horses bran: fed in warm bran mashes of bran, maybe chopped carrots or apples, small amount of grain and warm water fats: mix vegetable oil daily in with the grain grain: high-energy carbohydrate for racehorses but does little for average ranch horses, except for horses pastured in extremely cold weather hay: plants that have been cut, dried, and baled; types include legumes (alfalfa) and grasses (timothy is most commonly fed grass hay); provides roughage and nutrition minerals: mineral salt block in feeder or paddock, to obtain salt and other minerals pasture: grasses for equine consumption include timothy, bromegrass, fescue, bluegrass, and orchard grass pellets: concentrated feed made from alfalfa treats: commercial treats, carrots, red apples cut up, lump of sugar 2 HORSE-Related Terms bangtail: wild horse, mustang broke horse: horse that has been given some education; green-broke horse is partially trained; wellbroke horse is well-trained bronco: wild horse never been broken to saddle or harness use; aka bronc broom-tail: class or range horses that are considered not worth much colt: uncastrated male horse up to and including the age of three years cow horse: horse with the ability to anticipate the behavior of cattle, trained to roping, cutting, working out a cow-herd cow sense: what a horse has when it has a natural ability to use for roping, cutting, and general cow work crow hop: stiff legged jumps by a horse; can also happen when a horse is trying to stop forward motion and the rider is handling the rains incorrectly (Frog walking) cutting horse: horse specially trained to single out (cut) a steer from a herd draft horse: large, strong work horse that pull heavy loads farrier: specialist in equine hoof care, including the trimming and balancing of a horse s hoof and the placing of shoes on a horse s foot

3 filly: young female horse or mare up to and including the age of three years flaxey: blonde colored or flaxen mane or tail on a horse foal: young horse under one-year old Gait-walk: slowest gait, the one used the most, especially on a trail ride Gait-jog/trot: bouncy gait Gait-lope/canter: fastest gait, has a rocking-horse feel gelding: castrated male horse; a range custom to let a male colt run on the range until he becomes a 2- year-old before castration glass-eyed: blue or white eyed horse gouch eared: having ragged or cropped ears hand: unit of measurement of height, taken from the bottom of the front hoof to top of withers; 4 inches=one hand mare: female horse four years of age or over mustang: wild horse, or a specific breed of horse outlaw: an extremely wild animal that cannot be broke or ridden stallion: an uncastrated male horse four years old and over string: group of several horses designated for used by a cowboy; each horse has a different athletic ability and disposition yearling: one-year old horse HORSE-Popular Breeds Appaloosa: known for its spotted coat, which comes in a number of different patterns; have white sclera (tissue that surrounds the pupil), striped hooves, and mottled skin; 14.3 to 16 hands in height Arabian: known for their elegance and stamina; concave head, small and inwardly curved ears, long and arched neck; gray, chestnut, bay, and black; friendly and high spirited, good show horses; 15 hands or less in height Morgan: small and strong; most often in bay, black and chestnut colors; known for willing attitudes and endurance; great trail horses; 15.2 hands or less in height Paint: aka calico, piebald, pied, pinto, spotted; have specific patterns (tobiano, overo, and tovero) that involve white or dark patches on a contrasting dark or white base; known for being quiet and easygoing, popular trail horses; 15 to 16 hands in height Palomino: golden colored horse with a light or white colored mane and tail Percheron: breed of heavy draft horse known for its steady temperament, intelligence and willingness to work Quarter horse: used to herd cattle; can run a quarter-mile distance faster than any other breed; rugged; small head and muscular neck, powerful hindquarters, straight and solid legs; sorrel, chestnut, bay, black, dun, grulla, palomino, roan, or gray in color; known for quiet temperament, steady and easygoing; 14.3 to 16 hands in height HORSE PARTS back: starts at the withers and extends to the loins barrel: main body area of horse, enclosing the rib cage and major internal organs belly: lower portion of the trunk breast: front of horse s body 3 cannon: bone between knee and fetlock chestnut: horny growth inside and above each knee, and inside and below each hook coronet: when the hoof joins the leg; source of growth and nutrition for the hoof wall and bars crest: upper portion of the neck where the mane grows croup: topline of horse from top of tail to the highest point of the hindquarters (rump) elbow: joint of the front leg at the point where the belly of the horse meets the leg fetlock: joint formed by cannon, pastern, and sesamoid bones frog: triangular area located towards the back of the underside of the hoof gaskin: part of the hind leg between the hook and the stifle girth: area right behind the elbow, where the girth of the saddle would go; greatest diameter hock: large joint in the hind leg joining the cannon bone and the gaskin hoof: foot knee: large joint in the front legs, above the cannon bone loins: short area joining the back to the croup muzzle: chin, mouth, and nostrils of horse s face neck: connects the head to the shoulders, starting at the poll and ending at the withers pastern: part of leg between the coronet and the fetlock poll: bony point at the very top of the horse s skull, slightly behind the ears quarters: large, muscular area of the hind legs, above the stifle and between the barrel and top of the tail; aka hindquarters sesamoid bones: small bones attached to the cannon and pastern by ligaments, behind the fetlock joint shank: cannon bone on the hind leg

4 shoulder: area below the withers and above the front leg stifle: joint formed between the large hip bone; resembles a human knee tail: consists of both the living part of the tail (coccygeal vertebrae, muscles, and ligaments), as well as the long hairs which grow from that withers: top of the shoulders between the neck and the back white: white hair with a pink skin HORSE FACIAL MARKINGS 4 sock: white marking that extends from edge of the hoof two-thirds of the way up the leg stocking: white marking that extends from edge of the hoof to the knee or hock SADDLES & RIDING EQUIP. HORSE-Colors appaloosa: color pattern with small spots over the hips or entire body, may be either white spots on a dark body, dark spots on a white body, or a mixture of both bay: a red, brown, or yellowish horse with black mane and tail, and usually black limbs black: black color throughout the coat, limbs, mane and tail, no pattern other than white markings blue roan: black or black-brown with a mixture of white hairs brown: mixture of black and brown in the coat, limbs, mane and tail buckskin: light tan or brown color chestnut: varying shades of a yellowish tan color dun: sandy yellow, reddish, or brown usually with darker legs and often a dark stripe down the back, dark mane and tail grey: black and white hairs with black skin, coat grows lighter with age grulla: mouse colored horse, a mousy-dun palomino: gold-yellow or dark cream color with light colored mane and tail pinto: large patches of black, brown, chestnut, or any other color, and white red roan: red with a mixture of white hairs strawberry or chestnut roan: chestnut with a mixture of white hairs bald: white that starts above the forehead, goes to the muzzle, and extends beyond the bridge of the nose to the side of the face blaze: wide white area that runs along the bridge of the nose snip: white spot located on the muzzle, between or just below the nostrils star: white spot on the forehead stripe: narrow white stripe down the center of the face, on the bridge of the nose HORSE LEG MARKINGS coronet: small white band just above the hoof half cannon: white marking that extends from the edge of the hoof halfway up the middle of the leg half pastern: white marking that extends from the edge of the hoof halfway up the pastern Saddle Parts-Western Saddle Saddle Parts-English Saddle

5 Saddle-Barrel Racing Specifics of Barrel Saddle: cantle: high for security cinch: front only or no flank cinch fenders: rough-out seat, freeswinging to allow rider to keep her legs underneath her center of gravity fork: higher with relatively wide swells to secure rider horn: thin and taller, to grab during hard turns jockeys: for extra grip rigging: in-skirt Seat: deep to hold in the rider skirt: shorter, square stirrups: narrow, to hold the foot in place SADDLES & RIDING EQUIP bareback pad: bedroll: bed made up of blankets and quilts wrapped up in a tarp, fastens or snaps on the sides; a cowboy s suitcase bit: metal mouthpiece on a bridle that is connected to the reins, together used to steer the horse blankets & sheets: under saddles, for cooling and anti-sweat, dress sheets, stable blankets blind: leather blindfold used when saddling an unruly horse bridle: Western bridles feature a brow band with a one-ear or twoear design cinch: strap which goes around the horses belly to hold the saddle on clove hitch: knot used to tie a rope or lariat to a post coil: rope full-rigged: saddle that is completely leather-covered grazing muzzle: to prevent and treat laminitis, founder, obesity, colic and other diet-related diseases; small opening in bottom allows horses to eat a limited amount of grass and unlimited water hackamore: headgear without a bit, has a special type of noseband that works on pressure points on the face, nose, and chin halter: headstall used to lead or tie up horse; fits behind the ears and around the muzzle, a lead rope or lead shank is attached hobbles: restraints that fasten around a horses s front legs below the ankle, to keep him from running off while the cowboys is out of the saddle; commonly used during the night when the cowboy was on open range honda: a metal, rope, or rawhide ring, through which a rope slides to make a loop; aka hondo Hoolihan: a style of loop used when throwing a rope: a loop thrown over the head with the wrist turned backwards often used for roping horses lariat: a long braided rope of rawhide, hemp, polyester or nylon lasso: lariat tied with a special knot so that the lariat could be tightened when thrown over the head of a steer or horse quirt: weighted, short-handled whip made of braided rawhide or leather pommel: front of saddle reata: (riata) braided or twisted rawhide rope reins: strap that runs from the bridle bit around the horse s neck that is held and manipulated by the cowboy, apply pressure on a horse s mouth and neck in order to steer the animal rope strap: a strap, usually of leather and fitted with a buckle, attached to the pommel of a saddle used for attaching a catch rope SADDLE: aka rig; Western saddle has a deep seat, a high pommel (front of saddle s seat) and cantle (back of seat), a horn, and large fenders (flaps of leather attached to the stirrups) saddle horn: aka apple, biscuit saddle pad: usually rectangular in shape, provide a leather support at the withers 5 saddle seat: center of saddle where you sit saddle tree: saddles skeleton, can be wood, fiberglass, or other synthetic material stirrup: an apparatus hung from both sides of a saddle where the cowboy puts his feet as he rides his horse Bridle Parts crownpiece: aka headstall or headpiece; goes over horse s head just behind the ears, at the poll; main strap that holds remaining parts of bridle in place cheekpieces: usually have two cheekpieces attached to either side of the crownpiece and run down the side of the horse s face, along cheekbone and attach to the bit rings throatlatch: usually part of the same piece of leather as the crownpiece; runs from right ear, under horse s throatlatch, and attaches below left ear; prevents bridle from coming off over horse s head browband: crownpiece runs through this; runs from just under one ear, across forehead, to just under the other ear; prevents bridle from sliding behind the poll onto the upper neck, holds multiple headstalls together noseband: encircles the nose; often used to keep the mouth closed or to attach other pieces or equipment reins: attach to the bit, below the attachment for the cheekpieces

6 bit: goes into horse s mouth, resting on the sensitive space between the horse s teeth known as the bars HORSE-Grooming Tools hoof pick: to remove packed-in dirt, manure and rocks curry comb: used to bring dirt to the surface of the coat by rubbing in a circular motion stiff brush: used to dissipate the dirt into the air by brushing in short strokes in the direction the hair grows soft brush: used to remove remaining dust from the coat, brushing along the lay of the coat by using short strokes cloth: used to give the coat even more shine; used to clean insides of horse s nostrils where dirt and mucus accumulate mane and tail brush: used to pick out any burrs or shavings caught in mane and tail and separate the tangles CATTLE-Related Terms bossy: calf bovine: an ox, cow, or buffalo bull: male bovine used to father cattle in a herd of cows calf: young animal from domestic cattle, baby cow cattle: any domesticated animal of the genus Bos, including cows, steers, and bulls cow: female bovine dairy cow: cow kept for the milk it gives; aka milking cow dogie: a calf without a mother dry cow: cow not giving milk between births fresh cow: cow that has born a calf and is now giving milk heifer: young cow that has not yet had a calf maverick: a cow whose owner was unknown, usually unbranded Parts of a Cow Anatomy of a Cow s Stomach with 4 digestive departments Rumen: largest part, holds up to 50 gallons of partially digested food, where the cud comes from Recticulum: this is where things the cow should not have eaten lodges (piece of fencing, nails, screws, etc.); grass eaten is softened further here; each cud returns to the cow s mouth and is chewed times and then swallowed properly omasum: filters through the food the cow has eaten; cud is pressed and broken down further abomasums: connected to the intestines; food is finally digested here and essential nutrients the cow needs pass through the bloodstream, the rest is passed through the intestines and produces a cow pat COWS/CATTLE-General Info have one stomach with four compartments have a digestive system that allows them to regurgitate and rechew foods (cud) thrive on grasses and other vegetation gestation period is 9 months newborn calf weights lbs. breeding stock live years cattle are red-green color-blind raised for meat, dairy products and hides routine husbandry practices include ear tagging, dehorning, loading, medical operations, vaccinations, hoof care 6 DAIRY BREEDS Ayrshire: red and white, from nearly all red to nearly all white; can have horns 1-foot long, usually dehorned as calves; 1200 lbs at maturity; strong, rugged, adaptable; rustle and forage for themselves well, need less grain; a moderate butterfat breed Brown Swiss: Dutch Belted: Guernsey: Holstein: Jersey: Kerry: Milking Devon: Milking Shorthorn: Norwegian Red: ANIMALS-Other Terms donkey: member of the ass family; male donkey is a jack; female donkey is a jennet or jenny ewe: mature, female sheep flock: group of sheep kept together gyp: female dog, usually a southern term herd: a number of animals of one kind kept together hinny: male horse crossed with a female donkey lamb: male or female sheep less than one-year old livestock: domestic animals, such as cattle or horses, which are raised on a farm mule: male donkey crossed with a female horse ram: mature male sheep stock: all animals kept or raised on a farm

7 stray: an animal found strayed away from its owner or from the range where it belongs CLOTHING-Cowboy Angora chaps: covered with long Angora goat hair, used in Wyoming and Montana and open prairie country as a protection from the cold; aka woolies bandana: cloth made of silk or cotton worn around the neck to protect against winds, rain and sunburn batwings: long chaps with big flaps of leather, usually fasten with rings and snaps chaps: leather leggings with wide flaps worn over pants for protection against cactus and range plants, getting mashed in the chute or bucked off; aka chaperreros chap guard: small upswept metal projection on top of spur shank to help keep a cowboy s chaps from fouling in the rowel; not on all spurs chinks: short chaps or riding apron, usually with fringe, they come just below the knee concha: silver or metal ornament found on tack, sometimes used to hold parts together like a nut and bolt cowboy boots: high topped boots made with high heels to keep them from slipping through saddle stirrups and as a brace in roping, soles are usually slick leather to keep them from catching when dismounting cowboy hat: usually with a 4 to 6- inch brim; hats and shapes are very regional cuffs: leather wrist cuffs used for protection against brush, to protect shirt sleeves from wear, and to keep a rope from fouling in shirt sleeves jingle bobs: metal pieces dangling from the rowel that make a belllike ringing when the spurs move John B: cowboy hat (named after hat maker John B Stetson) justins: cowboy boots Roper boots: have flat heels, used especially for walking in arenas and walking rowel: the disk or star set in the end of the spur s shaft or post, turns as the rider s heel touches the horse s sides shotgun chaps: tight legged chaps, can be pulled on as trousers, having no snaps and rings slicker: waterproof long coat to protect the rider and saddle from rain or snow sombrero: Spanish term for a broad brimmed hat spurs: sharp devices worn on cowboys boots used to kick horses to make them go faster; made of heel band, shank and rowel spur strap: leather band that hold a spur on the boot stampede string: long leather string run half way round the crown of a hat then through a hole on each side and ends knotted, placed under chin or around back of head to keep hat in place workshirt: long-sleeved, snap front RODEO-General Terms arm jerker: a really stout animal that bucks with a lot of power ball out: horse that comes straight up on hind legs when coming out of the chute and then begins bucking bucking chute: place where contestants get on rodeo stock prior to their rides build a loop: shaking out a coil of rope in preparation for roping bullrope: thickly braided rope with a cowbell attached, which acts as a weight and allows the rope to safely fall off the bull when the ride is over butterfly: form a rope is supposed to take when a team roper goes after the back legs of a calf 7 chew gravel: thrown from a horse choke the horn: grab the saddle horn claw leather: grab the saddle horn chute: area where the animal is held prior to the event, where the cowboy gets on the animal, just in front of the grandstands covering: when the rider stays on a bronc long enough to qualify for a score crackerbox: bronc saddle dally: wrapping a lasso around a saddle horn after a calf or steer has been roped dragger: steer that hands his head and doesn t run after being roped; trotter dusted: thrown from a horse folded up: horse bucking fork a hoss: to ride a horse gaff: to spur a horse gig: spur a horse face plant: cowboys who fail to cover (stay on for the whole ride) fading: bull that spins and slowly gains ground in the direction he is spinning floating: technique sometimes used by saddle bronc riders in which, to the crowd, they appear to be bucked off at every jump freight trained: being run over by an animal that is traveling at top speed Grand Marshal: an honor bestowed by the rodeo community to someone who has made substantial contributions to the Gay and Lesbian Community hat bender: horse or bull that does not buck at all, just runs around hazer: in steer wrestling, one cowboy rides alongside the steer to keep it running straight so that the steer wrestler can catch the steer and wrestle it to the ground header: in team roping, the cowboy who catches the steer s horns heeler: in team roping, the cowboy who catches the steer s hind legs hung up: in roughstock events, when a competitor can t free their

8 hand from a rigging or bullrope; can lead to serious injury initial contact rule: used in bareback and saddle bronc riding, where the cowboy s heels, or spurs, are positioned on the animal when it leaves the chutes; cowboy s feet are required to be above the horse s shoulders parade chaps: chaps strictly for show, might be worn for the grand entry parade at a rodeo pickup man: mounted arena official who assists bareback bronc riders in dismounting from their horses pigging string: small rope used in tie-down roping (calf roping) pulling leather: holding onto the saddle horn to keep from getting thrown when a horse is bucking (grabbing the apple) rank: term cowboys use to describe a particularly vicious bull or bucking horse, usually the ranker a bull or bucking horse, the higher the score re-ride: to ride again if the animal does not buck as should be expected, the rider is given a different horse or bull in the hopes they can score their best rosin: sticky substance that increases the grip on a bullrope roughstock: used in riding events as opposed to timed events seeing daylight: rider comes far enough off the horse that daylight is seen between him and the animal suicide wrap: wrap bull riders take when wrapping the bull rope around their hand; very difficult to get out of this wrap if the cowboy falls off the animal; against the rules in most modern rodeos sunfish: when a bronc bucks and twists its body into a crescent, and throws head alternately to right and left swap ends: when a bronc is bucking and goes up facing one direction but lands facing the opposite direction the barrier rule: two pieces of rope connected by a piece of kite string in front of the chute; if the cowboy breaks through the barrier before it is released by another rope, which is tied to the steer or calf, then a 10-second penalty is assessed to the cowboy well: center of the spin; riders may get into the well and not be able to regain their balance, very dangerous for riders to dismount into wounded moth: the form a rope is not supposed to take RODEO-Events bareback riding: most physically demanding of all rodeo events, cowboys ride rough horses without the benefit of saddle or reins, use a leather rigging; ride one handed and cannot touch themselves or the horse with their free hand; spur the horse from shoulder to rigging to make a qualified ride of 8 seconds; cowboys judged on control and spurring technique; horses judged on power, speed and agility; good score is in mid 80 s; hard on arms, necks, backs barrel racing: timed rodeo event for cowgirls; a good horse is very important, a top of the line barrel horse can cost up to $50,000; riders enter arena at full speed, quickly rounding three barrels in a cloverleaf pattern and exiting where they entered, each barrel knocked over is 5 second penalty; seconds is generally a winning time; PRCA earnings 2009: 1 st -$5,123; 2 nd -$4,933; 3 rd - $3,825; 4 th -$3,787; 5 th -42,432 bull riding: wildest and most dangerous rodeo event; ride with one hand and cannot touch themselves or the bull with the free hand; two judges give 1-25 points for cowboy s performance and 1-25 points for the animal s performance; to ride, bull riders use a bullrope and rosin, wrap their 8 bullrope around the bull and use the remainder to wrap around their hand tightly; cowboys can spur for extra points; goal is to stay on for 8 seconds, a good score is in the 90 s; requires balance, flexibility, coordination and courage; 2009 PRCA earnings 1 st -$219,274; 2 nd - $204,947; 3 rd -$914,899; 4 th - $166,056; 5 th -$137,544 Daddy of them All: rodeo pole bending: a speed event where a horse and rider must negotiate a figure 8 pattern around 6 poles riding events: term used to refer to the saddle bronc, bareback, and bull riding events saddle bronc riding: classic even of rodeo with timing, finesse and skill important over brute strength; 2009 PRCA earnings: 1 st - $194,465; 2 nd -$169,739; 3 rd - $167,996; 4 th -$163,847; 5 th - $148,918 steer roping: 2009 PRCA earnings: 1 st -$4,548; 2 nd -$2,622; 3 rd -$2,174; 4 th -$1,876; 5 th - $137,544 steer wrestling: aka bulldogging; requires strength, speed and timing; many steer wrestlers are large, hefty cowboys; wrestlers start out in the box, barrier placed across it and the steer is loaded into the roping chute; when the cowboy nods his head, the steer is released and he charges after it on his horse, the wrestler catches the steer as quickly as possible and leans over, jumps off his horse and grabs the steer by his head; then bulldogger plants his feet and tosses the steer onto its side, stopping the clock; winning time is 3-4 seconds, breaking the barrier results in a 10 second penalty; 2009 PRCA earnings: 1 st - $251,000; 2 nd -$200,185; 3 rd - $191,855; 4 th -$162,835; 5 th - $128,957 team roping: the only team even in rodeo using a header and a heeler ; start from the box, header is the first out trying to rope the

9 9 head as quickly as possible without breaking the barrier rope; once the catch is made the header dallies and turns the steer left; then the heeler ropes the legs; clock stops when there is no slack in both ropes and the horses face each other; if the barrier is broken a 10 second penalty is added; if the heeler catches only one leg, a 5 second penalty is added; only 3 legal catches the header can make are both horns, one horn and the head, the neck; 2009 PRCA earnings headers & heelers each: 1 st -$186,688; 2 nd -$181,740; 3 rd - $167,000; 4 th -$164,474; 5 th - $143,668 tie-down roping: aka calf roping, now one of the most competitive rodeo events; starts in the box, calf is released and cowboy must rope it as quickly as possible; when catch is made, cowboy dismounts, sprints to the calf and tosses it on its side and uses a small rope (pigging string) held in the cowboy s teeth to tie three of the calf s legs; time stops when cowboy throws up his hands; after the tie, the rope remounts his horse, puts slack in his rope and waits 6 seconds for the calf to struggle free; if the calf gets free, cowboy receives no score; if the roper breaks the barrier he receives a 10 second penalty; requires timing, speed, agility, and strength and a highly trained horse timed events: any event in which the cowboy/cowgirl is racing against the clock (steer wrestling, tie-down roping, team roping and barrel racing); 2009 PRCA earnings: 1st-$188,342; 2 nd - $174,348; 3 rd -$159,214; 4 th - $147,804; 5 th -$141,197 barrens: elevated lands, or plains upon which grow small trees bottom: low land with rich soil chaparral: dense thicket of shrubs and small trees flats: low lands, valley range: open area of grassland where cattle and horses graze savanna: open plain, meadow without wood GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS arroyo: brook, small stream or its dry bed Badlands: barren areas of South Dakota, as well as other inhospitable western locations