NSF funded project , June 2010-May 2015
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1 NSF funded project , June 2010-May 2015 Nested Regional Climate Model (nrcm) update The effect of embedding ROMS in a coastal upwelling zone in CCSM4 R. Justin Small (NCAR), Brian Kauffman (NCAR), Enrique Curchitser (Rutgers) Kate Hedstrom (U Alaska), Bill Large, Jim Hurrell (NCAR)
2 Summary Our old results suggested strong cooling in upwelling zones induced by including ROMS A bug was found which was making stress too strong Bug fixed and fluxes in ROMS now exactly aligned with those in CCSM4 coupler New results very different with a hint of warming due to ROMS Upwelling velocity in ROMS follows Ekman pumping expectation and is comparable to POP
3 POP SST ROMS SST COMPOSITE Monthly mean SST from August, year 60 of integration. To Coupler
4 Ocean Nrcm Atmosphere-Ocean Components POP2 - ~1deg., 60 levels ROMS ~10km, 42 stretched sigma levels Atmosphere CAM 4, 1deg. FV, 26 levels
5 Previous Nrcm results The SST difference of Nrcm from the corresponding long baseline CCSM run, for summer (June, July, August). Based on 100 years of more model data. First version (2010), CCSM3. New version (summer 2011). CCSM4. Fixed error in rotation of stress vector. Restored POP SST to ROMS SST.
6 However
7 Problem found ROMS thought CAM lowest level winds, temperature and humidity were at 10m not at the real lowest model level, ~50m Caused big changes in stress (factor of two) and smaller changes in surface heat flux (~15Wm -2 )
8 Problem fixed Also, replaced Fairall et al (1996) flux algorithm with CESM (Large and Yeager) algorithm in ROMS so air-sea fluxes are now totally consistent between ROMS and CESM
9 However
10 New run: SST difference after 30 years Very different solution!
11 (One aspect) What has changed?
12 Hypothesis: The differences in vertical advection term dominate the mixed layer heat budget and the SST differences. Ekman pumping and ROMS w Ekman pumping seen by ROMS ROMS vertical velocity at 41-45m depth POP vertical velocity at 45m. mday -1 mday -1 mday -1 Old run. ROMS upwelling velocities twice as large as in POP of standard CESM because Ekman pumping is too large.
13 Hypothesis: As ROMS upwelling is not much greater than POP s, other terms than vertical advection may be dominating the difference between the Nrcm SST and the standard CCSM Ekman pumping and ROMS w Ekman pumping ROMS vertical velocity at 41-45m depth POP vertical velocity at 45m. mday -1 mday -1 mday -1 New run. ROMS upwelling velocities comparable to POP of standard CESM as Ekman pumping is the same.
14 Some other ideas for future
15 Atmospheric Resolution Present system has atmospheric grid comparable to POP ROMS sees essentially the same wind forcing as POP (just interpolated) A next step would be to use a higher atmospheric resolution, between that of POP and ROMS E.g. 1/4deg. ROMS will see more fine structure of winds Fine structure of ROMS can feedback to atmosphere See also Gent et al 2010 and McClean et al 2011 for results with 1/4deg atmosphere
16 Special flux grid in coupler High resolution regional grid replaces part of global ocean domain Eg. Roms grid overlaying pop grid E.g. MPAS 16
17 Better 2-way ocean interaction WRF Can we do similar for ROMS and POP? (but problems with B grid to C grid mismatch + Z level to sigma )
18
19 45m 75m Vertical structure of upwelling velocity, m/day. 105 m 155 m Left: ROMS at 40deg, N Right: POP at various depths 205 m
20 NEW CASE 07 ROMS COMPOSITE Left: Net total surface heat flux, annual mean, 5 years. Wm -2 Wm -2 Left: Meridional surface stress, annual mean, 4 years. Nm -2 Nm -2
21 OLD CASE 04 ROMS COMPOSITE Left: Net total surface heat flux, annual mean, 40 years. Positive values denote warming of ocean. Wm -2 Wm -2 Left: Meridional surface stress, annual mean, 40 years. Nm -2 Nm -2
22 Vertical structure 45m 105m
23 Chelton et al. 2007, JPO Nm -2 Summertime (June to September) average of wind stress vectors and magnitude (contours), and SST (color). From QuikSACT and AMSR-E satellite data. Contour intervals for wind stress are 0.03Nm -2, heavy contour is 0.06Nm -2. Maximum stress is around 0.15Nm -2.
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