CHAPTER 23 HAZARDS AND SAFETY GULF ALUMINA LTD SKARDON RIVER BAUXITE PROJECT

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 23 HAZARDS AND SAFETY GULF ALUMINA LTD SKARDON RIVER BAUXITE PROJECT

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 23.1 Introduction Scope Methodology Overview Risk Analysis Criteria Context Environmental Objectives and Performance Outcomes Environmental Objectives Environmental Outcomes Hazard Identification Site Workers Health and Safety Public Health and Safety Towns and Sensitive Receptors Land and Water Use Use of Marine Environment Air Quality Noise Transport Hazardous Substances Natural Hazards Climate Related Factors Wildlife and Disease Preliminary Hazard Identification Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Risk Evaluation - Transportation Risk Evaluation - Bulk Storage Risk Evaluation - Construction and Installation Risk Evaluation - Mining Operations Risk Evaluation - Waste Management Risk Evaluation - Infrastructure Risk Evaluation - Decommissioning Risk Evaluation - Interaction with External Factors Cumulative Risk Risk Management Risk Management Plan Construction Phase Operations Phase Risk Management - Natural Hazards Bushfire Vector-borne disease Wildlife Risk Management - Site Hazards Fire Vehicle, Marine Vessel and Aircraft Accidents Outline of Emergency Management Plan Objective Scope Existing Emergency Services and Medical Resources Page 23-i

3 Proposed Site Emergency Resources Identified Emergency Situations Emergency Response Emergency Plans Fire Management Strategies Fire Management Plan Equipment Operation Fixed Plant and Equipment Flammable Liquids Clearing Operations Welding Operations Fire-fighting Equipment and Protection Training External Resources Vehicle, Vessel or Aircraft Accident or Collision Snake Bite Sabotage Major Health Concerns Flood Spills, Leaks and Release of Contaminants Emergency Shutdown Procedures Evacuation Protocol Communications and Responsibilities Audit and Review Conclusion Tables Table 23-1 Risk Analysis Matrix (Consequence and Likelihood) Table 23-2 Hazard Identification - Site Workers Health and Safety Table 23-3 Indicative List of Hazardous Substances Table 23-4 Hazard Identification Table 23-5 Hazard Analysis for Transportation Table 23-6 Hazard Analysis for Bulk Storage Table 23-7 Hazard Analysis for Construction and Installation Table 23-8 Hazard Analysis for Mining Operations Table 23-9 Hazard Analysis for Waste Management Table Hazard Analysis for Infrastructure Table Hazard Analysis for Decommissioning Table Hazard Analysis for Interaction with External Factors Page 23-ii

4 23. HAZARDS AND SAFETY 23.1 Introduction This chapter describe the potential hazards and risks to people and property that may be associated with the Project in the form of a preliminary risk assessment. An outline of proposed emergency management planning procedures is provided. It should be recognised that the identification and control of hazards and risks to people and property is an integral part of planning for construction and operations and will occur independently of the EIS process Scope The potential hazards and risks to people and property that may be associated with the Project are identified and possible frequencies are predicted. This includes potential hazards, accidents, spillages and abnormal events that may occur during all stages of the Project; identifying all hazardous substances; potential wildlife hazards; potential natural hazards or events and implications related to climate change. A preliminary risk assessment was undertaken in accordance with AS/NZSS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management Principles and Guidelines, taking into account: external and on site risks, including transport risks potential for mosquito breeding sites construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project analysis of the identified hazards, examining individual and collective likelihood and consequences of each identified hazard involving injuries and fatalities to workers and to the public quantitative levels of risk. Details of risk control measures are presented. The scope of this chapter does not include assessment of environmental risks or economic risks associated with Project delays. Environmental risks and potential economic impacts are addressed in other sections of the EIS Methodology Overview Assessment of hazards and risk to people and property from Project activities was undertaken via a preliminary risk assessment in accordance with AS/NZS ISO 31000: Risk Management Principles and Guidelines and IEC/ISO Risk Management: Risk Assessment Techniques. The hazard and risk assessment also considers the potential impact on surrounding land use. The study applies to abnormal hazardous events and conditions, rather than conditions considered to be routine. Hazard identification takes into account compliance with regulatory requirements and therefore deliberately licensed release of pollutants such as air emissions and waste disposal is not included in the assessment. The assessment involved the following: Describe values including sensitive receptors. Page 23-1

5 Identify any potential hazards to people and property, documented in a hazard identification word diagram. Assess probability (likelihood) for hazardous events. Evaluate the risks associated with each hazard. Propose mitigation measures. Consider residual risk mitigation Risk Analysis Criteria ISO states that risk analysis consists of determining the causes and sources of risk, their consequences and likelihood taking into account the effectiveness and efficiency of controls. Criteria for likelihood and consequence are detailed in Chapter 1. The likelihood and consequence scales are combined to evaluate the overall level of risk, as outlined in Chapter 1, with the risk analysis matrix presented again in Table Table 23-1 Risk Analysis Matrix (Consequence and Likelihood) Consequence Type of Loss 1 (Insignificant) 2 (Minor) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Major) 5 (Severe) A (Almost Certain) The event has occurred frequently: occurs one or more times per year and is likely to re-occur within 1 year >90% chance Medium (M) High (H) H Extrme (E) E B (Likely) The event has occurred but is not frequent: occurs less than once per year and is likely to re-occur within 5 years 50-90% chance M M H H E Likelihood C (Possible) The event has happened in the business in the past 10 years or could happen within the next 10 years 30-50% chance Low (L) M H H H D (Unlikely) The event has happened in the business in the past 20 years or could happen within the next 20 years 10-30% chance L L M M H E (Rare) The event has never been known to occur in the business and it is highly unlikely that it will occur within less than the next 20 years <10% chance L L M M M Page 23-2

6 23.4 Context The factors influencing the assessment of risk, and the chapters in which they are described are: Project activities Chapter 5 Project location Chapter 4 sensitive receptors Chapter 11 land use within and surrounding the Project area Chapter 11 climate and extremes of climate Chapter Environmental Objectives and Performance Outcomes The environmental objectives and performance outcomes below are based on Schedule 5, Table 2 of the Environmental Protection Regulations 2008 (EP Regulation). The mitigation and management measures presented in this chapter are designed to achieve these environmental objectives and performance outcomes. The environmental management plan (EM Plan) presented in Appendix 13 provides a consolidated description of these mitigation and management measures Environmental Objectives Any waste generated, transported, or received as part of carrying out the activity is managed in a way that protects all environmental values. Identify potential hazards to people and property from abnormal hazardous events and conditions. Determine the residual risk levels (i.e. risks after proposed mitigations measures) and propose new risk treatment measures if risk are not tolerable Environmental Outcomes No contamination of land or waters from waste management beyond the footprint of waste management facilities. If land or groundwater contamination as a result of waste management activities has occurred, an investigation will be undertaken, with management or remediation as required. This may involve engaging a suitably qualified person approved by DEHP as a contaminated land specialist where required, and will fully depend on the nature and extent of contamination. Following risk treatment measures, there are no residual risks which are determined as high or extreme and all other risks are as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Prepare a Risk Management Plan and Emergency Management Plan Hazard Identification The focus of the hazard identification is on abnormal hazardous events and conditions, as specified in Hazardous Industry Planning Advisory Paper No. 3: Risk Assessment, NSW Department of Planning. Routine emissions and operations are identified in other technical reports prepared for the Project EIS and are addressed via pollution control mechanisms and legislation. Potential health and safety hazards that may affect s in normal on site day-to day activities during the construction and operation of the Project are listed in Table These hazards are well Page 23-3

7 addressed in workplace health and safety legislation and relevant Australian standards and are not included in the hazard identification process for this EIS. For each hazardous incident (e.g. fire, spill, leak, collision) the potential initiating events have been defined in order to represent the range of possible incidents as recommended in Hazardous Industry Planning Advisory Paper No. 6: Hazard Analysis, NSW Department of Planning. This enables a more accurate assessment of the conceivable scenarios that could lead to the hazard and therefore appropriate risk treatment measures can be recommended. Compliance with regulatory requirements is mandatory and therefore the hazard identification processes has assumed compliance with regulatory requirements and relevant Australian Guidelines and Codes applicable to the management and mitigation of hazards and risks at a Queensland mining operation such as the Project. Hazard identification and recommended risk treatment measures have been identified based on the premise that legislation and relevant, widely accepted, Australian Guidelines and Codes are implemented whilst undertaking the activity. These include: Work Health and Safety Act 2011 and Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 aims to secure the health and safety of workers and workplaces. Workers and others are to be given the highest level of protection from hazards and risks as is reasonably practicable AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management Principles and Guidelines - provides a framework for managing risk and specifies the elements of the risk management process. AS 1940:2004. The Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids includes the requirements and recommendations for the safe storage handling of flammable liquids and dangerous goods Class 3 (as classified in the United Nations (UN) Recommendations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods). AS1940:2004 also includes requirements and recommendations for the storage and handling of combustible liquids and provides minimum acceptable safety requirements for storage facilities, operating procedures, emergency planning and fire protection. It provides technical guidance that may assist in the storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids. ADG 7. Australian Goods Code - provides technical requirements for the land transport of dangerous goods across Australia. Queensland Health (2002). Guidelines to minimise mosquito and biting midge problems in development areas. As explosives are not proposed for use in the Project, legislation and codes relevant to explosives have not been considered Site Workers Health and Safety Table 23-2 details the health and safety hazards that are likely to be present in normal on-site day-to-day activities during construction and operation of the Project. These hazards are well addressed in workplace health and safety legislation and relevant standards and will be complied with at all times during the construction, operation and decommissioning of the Project. Table 23-2 Hazard Identification - Site Workers Health and Safety Hazard Description Consequence Risk Treatment Measures Manual Handling Incorrect handling Injury likely to recover from Use approved safe work method, training and competency assessment, provide equipment fit for purpose and suitable allocation of resources. Page 23-4

8 Hazard Description Consequence Risk Treatment Measures Slips and trips Water, oil on ground Interaction with mobile equipment Working heights at Working with electrical equipment Equipment with moving parts Falling objects Worker hit by mobile equipment Injury likely to recover from Use approved safe work method, training and competency assessment. Injury / fatality Training, competency assessment, systems of authorisations, inspections, signage, traffic management plan, no go zones, dedicated pedestrian walkways. Fall Injury / fatality Training, competency, appropriate scaffolding and/or PPE, inspections, safe work methods. Electric shock / Electrocution Failure to isolate correctly Object falls from height Fatigue Operating plant and equipment whilst tired Injury / fatality Qualified electricians, training, competency, approved safe work methods, equipment maintenance, testing and tagging procedures, inspections, separate / barricade work areas, isolation permit system. Injury / fatality Isolation procedures, tag protection system, maintenance of guarding, inspections, training, competency. Injury PPE, barricading, approved safe work methods. Injury / fatality Fit for work program, fatigue management plan, traffic plan. Confined space Suffocation Fatality Confined space permits, training, competency, approved safe work method statement, equipment serviced regularly. Pinch points Crush Fatality Safe work methods, training, competency, guarding, barricading, signage Lightning Struck by lightning Fatality Storm procedures, approved safe work methods, lightning masts. Wildlife hazards Snake bites Fatality PPE e.g. long trousers, high sided safety boots, first aid training, emergency management plan. Disease vectors Mosquito bites Illness PPE e.g. long trousers, long shirts, insect repellent where required. Water bodies, including dams, managed to avoid stagnation hence minimizing potential for mosquito breeding sites. Dust Clearing, excavation, unsealed roads Respiratory issues Watering roads, dust suppression, PPE. Page 23-5

9 Hazard Description Consequence Risk Treatment Measures Noise Excessive noise from plant and equipment Sun burn Working in sun without protection Dehydration /Heat Stress Welding cutting Exposure hazardous substances Fire and to Working in hot conditions without sufficient water Fumes, hot metal, sparks Oils, chemicals Buildings, vehicles, conveyors diesel, Hearing loss Skin damage, no treatment PPE, noise barriers, equipment location. PPE, provision of sunscreen. Hospitalisation PPE, safe work method statement, provide water, training. Poisoning, skin burn, foreign object in eye PPE, safe work method statement, qualifications. Skin, eye irritation PPE, training, MSDS, standards and procedures for transporting, handling, using and disposing of hazardous substances. Smoke inhalation Emergency exits, training, Emergency Management Plan, fire extinguishers, fire alarms Public Health and Safety This section describes the potential health and safety impacts for the public and community associated with the Project. References are provided to other sections of the EIS where these potential health and safety impacts are described in more detail Towns and Sensitive Receptors The nearest population centre to the Project is Mapoon, approximately 15 km south of the most southerly mining lease boundary. The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project live in areas near Mapoon, with the closest receptor approximately 11 km south of the most southerly mining lease boundary Land and Water Use The existing land use within and adjacent to the Project area is described in Chapter 11. There are no permanent residences on or adjacent to the Project area and no regular use of the land. There are no known ongoing uses by the public of fresh surface water or groundwater within or downstream of the Project area. Water management and potential impacts to water are described in Chapter 6, Chapter 12 and Chapter 13. Potential flooding of the site is described in Chapter 14. As there is limited use of waters downstream of the Project and the potential for release of contaminants due to flooding is low, it is very unlikely that any flooding will create additional health and safety impacts arising from the Project activities. Water used by the Project is not predicted to impact on available volumes or quality of water used by people in Mapoon. Page 23-6

10 Use of Marine Environment Skardon River Bauxite Project Use of the estuarine and marine environment in the Skardon River is described in Chapter 22. There is limited use of the Skardon River for recreational and commercial fishing purposes. There are no permanent users of water downstream of the Project, comprising estuarine and marine areas of the Skardon River and Namaleta Creek Air Quality Potential Project and cumulative impacts on air quality are described in Chapter 19. The Project, either in isolation or cumulatively with the nearby Bauxite Hills Project, is not predicted to result in exceedances of air quality objectives in Mapoon. These objectives are designed to protect the health and wellbeing of receptors. Due to the separation distance between the Project and sensitive receptors, it is very unlikely that any odours generated by the Project will affect the health and safety of the community Noise Potential Project and cumulative impacts on noise levels are described in Chapter 20. The Project, either in isolation or cumulatively with the nearby Bauxite Hills Project, is not predicted to result in exceedances of noise and vibration objectives in Mapoon. These objectives are designed to protect the health and wellbeing of receptors Transport Transport of people, equipment and materials to the Project is described in Chapter 22. As described in Chapter 22, road access to the Project for mining is not practical. The potential hazards and risks to the public associated with road, air and marine transport are described below. The beach at the Skardon River mouth is currently accessed by tourists in the dry season using bush tracks that intersect the existing haul road (currently no mining occurs and hence no mining vehicles use the haul road). At any one time approximately 10 vehicles may access the beach area. This is the only practical means of accessing the beach to the west of the mining leases. To allow ongoing use of the land parcel (Lot 11 SP204113), including the beach, Gulf will allow access to the mining lease for crossing of the haul road only. There will be no authorised use of the haul road by tourists. The crossing point will be signed and demarcated with access procedures requiring strict compliance. Management measures have been proposed to reduce transport risks to low or medium Hazardous Substances The Project will use a number of hazardous substances during construction and operations. Table 23-3 provides an indicative list of hazardous substances to be used during the Project and the likely quantities stored on site. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be available on site where these substances are to be stored or used. Page 23-7

11 Table 23-3 Indicative List of Hazardous Substances Chemical name Storage location Highest likely total storage quantity Diesel Fuel storage facility comprising interconnected self-bunded bulk diesel storage tanks. Oils Transmission oil Hydraulic oil Diesel Engine oil Final drive oil Waste oil Lubricants coolants Engine coolant Gear oil and Other lubricants Workshop in the infrastructure area Workshop in the infrastructure area Rate usage of Comments 2.2 ML 10 MLpa Diesel will be reticulated to a bunded vehicle refuelling area. The fuel facility is located at a safe operating distance from other infrastructure and facilities. There will be no in-field fuel storage. Fuel trucks may also transfer from the fuel storage tanks to mine vehicles. < 10,000L <250,000 Lpa < 1,000L <25,000 Lpa Petrol MIA Minor Minor Paint MIA Minor Minor Solvents MIA Minor Minor Thinners MIA Minor Minor Self bunded lube and oil storage tanks. Oily water separator for accidental release or contaminated runoff. Self bunded lube and oil storage tanks. Oily water separator for accidental release or contaminated runoff Natural Hazards Climate Related Factors Risks associated with extremes of climate are described in Chapter 9, including temperature extremes, droughts, tropical cyclones, storm surges, erosion prone areas and bushfire risk. The potential for flooding of the Project area for various annual exceedance probability (AEP) rainfall events, is described in Chapter 14. The potential impacts of climate change on the Project area are temperature increases and either declining or increasing rainfall depending on the climate model. It is possible that the frequency and intensity of storms and cyclones may increase in the area of the Project, although these are expected to be within the natural variation of extremes of climate. Page 23-8

12 Wildlife and Disease Skardon River Bauxite Project There are a number of wildlife species that are potentially dangerous to humans in the Project area, including mammals, dingoes, rats, pigs and various snakes. Increasing potential freshwater breeding sites such as receding flood waters and pooling water can result in larger numbers of mosquitoes, which in turn increases the potential for outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases (Queensland Health 2011). Notifiable diseases reported in Queensland include barmah forest virus, ross river virus, dengue fever and malaria Preliminary Hazard Identification Hazard identification, cause, potential consequences and risk treatment measures are described in Table The hazard identification process identifies the non-routine hazards associated with the construction, operation and decommissioning (abbreviated as C,O,D) of the mine and associated infrastructure taking into account the Project description, natural hazards and estimated hazardous substances being stored and used on site. Transport risks and interaction with external projects are also identified. Potential health and safety hazards to the s for routine operations are not included as these have been previously identified and can be addressed by compliance with relevant standards and regulations. Page 23-9

13 cyclones). Onsite traffic management procedures including speed, fatigue, alcohol and drugs. Page Table 23-4 Hazard Identification Activity / (Phase) Phase (C,O,D) Transport Transporting C,O,D Aircraft accident Pilot error personnel, Aircraft failure equipment and Natural event materials to and from the site and within site Hazard Cause / Initiating Event Potential Consequences Risk Treatment Measures Injury to public / Fatality to public / All aircraft movements to comply with regulatory requirements for pilot training, flying duration and equipment standards and maintenance (refer Chapter 22). Flights avoided at times of high risk natural events (e.g. cyclones). C,O,D Supply vessel accident Human error Vessel failure Natural event Injury to public / Fatality to public / All shipping to comply with maritime safety legislation and controls (refer Chapter 22). Vessel movements avoided at times of high risk natural events (e.g. C,O,D Vehicle accident (onsite only) Driver error Fatigue Vehicle collision Injury to Fatality to Project will not be accessed by public roads. The only vehicle movements are on the mining lease. C,O,D Spill, leak of liquid or fumes Supply vessel accident Incorrect loading Tank failure Collision Fire Health impacts from contamination (marine environment, soil, water) Secure loading of materials, procedures, training, spill management, Emergency Management Plan. All shipping to comply with maritime pollution control legislation.

14 Page Activity / (Phase) Phase (C,O,D) Hazard Cause / Initiating Event Potential Consequences Risk Treatment Measures C,O,D Excessive dust High winds Vehicle accident / collision Speed limits, paving, watering Unsealed roads roads, wind breaks. Transport of fuel to and within site C,O,D Fire Spill, leak Fuel transfer failure Driver error Vehicle collision Failure of equipment Failure to comply with procedures Injury / fatality Injury / fatality public Health impacts from contamination (marine environment, soil, water, groundwater) Fuel transfer procedures from supply vessel to tank and from tank to barges. Design of fuel transfer equipment safety shut-off valves, steel pipes, catch trays, bunded areas at coupling points. Speed limits, traffic management plan, transport in accordance with relevant standards, training, Emergency Management Plan. Bulk Storage Storage of fuel C,O,D Spill, leak Failure of equipment Failure to comply with procedures Health impacts from contamination (soil, water, groundwater) Fuel storage designed and operated in accordance with AS1940. Bunds, signage, spill procedures, emergency response planning, training, inspection and C,O,D Fire, explosion Ignition source or fire Failure of equipment Failure to comply with procedures Construction and Installation Clearing and C Excessive dust High winds earthworks Unsealed roads Injury to public / Fatality to public / maintenance program. Fuel storage designed and operated in accordance with AS1940. Signage, emergency response planning, training, inspection and maintenance program. Vehicle accident / collision Speed limits, paving, watering roads, wind breaks. C Landslide Heavy rainfall Erosion and sediment control plan including management of water runoff and progressive stabilisation.

15 Road design, signage, speed limits, vehicle maintenance, roll over bars, fitness for work, training, traffic management. Dust control measures and monitoring. Page Activity / (Phase) Phase (C,O,D) Hazard Cause / Initiating Event Potential Consequences Risk Treatment Measures C Wildlife (e.g. Disturbance / Injury to snakes) clearance of habitat Injury to public Fatality to / public Construction and C Fire Works such as Injury to installation of welding, grinding in Injury to public infrastructure combination with high winds C Excessive dust High winds Vehicle accident / collision Speed limits, paving, watering Unsealed roads roads, wind breaks. Mining Operations Topsoil and subsoil stripping, transfer and storage C Erosion Heavy rainfall Failure to comply with erosion and sediment control plan Erosion and sediment control plan including management of water runoff and progressive stabilisation. O including management of water runoff and progressive stabilisation. Excessive dust High winds Vehicle accident / collision Speed limits, paving, watering Unsealed roads roads, wind breaks. O Landslide Heavy rainfall Erosion and sediment control plan O Wildlife (e.g. snakes) Disturbance Clearance of habitat Injury to Injury to public Awareness of site personnel regarding hazards, Emergency Response Plan. Hauling Bauxite O Vehicle accident Driver error Vehicle collision Vehicle roll over O Dust High winds Unsealed roads Injury to Fatality to Vehicle accident/collision

16 Page Activity / (Phase) Phase (C,O,D) Bauxite crushing and O Dust High winds stockpiling Failure to comply Bauxite conveying, barging and transhipment Hazard Cause / Initiating Event Potential Consequences Risk Treatment Measures with procedures O Fire Ignition source or fire Public amenity Injury to public / Fatality to public / Dust control measures, monitoring. Fire breaks maintained around the infrastructure area including the conveyor, control of ignition sources via procedures and training, Emergency Management Plan, O Dust High winds Failure to comply with procedures O Spill of bauxite Vessel accident Vessel loading procedures Public health Injury to public / Fatality to public / Health impacts from contamination (bauxite is not considered to be toxic) training, exclusion of public. Dust control measures, cover conveyor, spill trays, monitoring. Maritime vessel safety controls (refer Chapter 22). Design of conveyor and loading systems to minimise risk of spills. Transhipment only when wave and wind conditions within designed operating parameters. Operations cease during high risk natural events (e.g. cyclones). Waste Management Waste management storage, transfer and disposal C,O Vermin Failure to comply with procedures Uncontrolled release Failure to comply with procedures Health impacts Appropriate design and distance from ML boundary, procedures, training, inspection and maintenance. Health impacts from contamination (soil, water, groundwater) Refer waste management chapter (Chapter 8) for management measures.

17 waters. Skardon River Bauxite Project extreme rainfall events. All contaminated land will be remediated prior to mine closure and surrender of land (e.g. soil quality investigation and remediation will be undertaken in accordance with EHP Guidelines for Contaminated Land). Security management plan, fencing. Page Activity / (Phase) Phase (C,O,D) Infrastructure Bauxite O Fire, release of Infrastructure area contaminants operations Hazard Cause / Initiating Event Potential Consequences Risk Treatment Measures Failure to comply with procedures Design failure Health impacts from contamination Injury to Fatality to Designed in accordance with Relevant standards. Operational procedures implemented. Fire Management Plan. Emergency Management Plan. Bunded areas with hydrocarbons. Situate above potential flood Water management infrastructure Accommodation camp C,O Release of contaminants Failure natural causes or design C,O Fire Failure to comply with procedures Design failure Health impacts from contamination Injury to Fatality to Appropriate design, inspection and maintenance, including after Designed in accordance with Relevant standards. Operational procedures implemented. Fire Management Plan. Emergency Management Plan. Decommissioning Remediation of contaminated land D Release (leaching) Failure to comply with remediation plan Health impacts from contamination (soil, water, groundwater) External Factors External factors C,O,D Sabotage or protest Security breach Injury to public /

18 Page Activity / (Phase) Phase (C,O,D) Hazard Cause / Initiating Event Potential Consequences Risk Treatment Measures C,O,D Disease Epidemic Illness to public / outbreak Fatality to public / Interaction with tourists on the land Interaction with recreational and commercial boats in the Skardon River Interaction with Metro Mining Ltd s Bauxite Hills Project haul roads Interaction with Metro Mining Ltd s Bauxite Hills Project barges Interaction with feral animals, wildlife C,O,D Unauthorised use of Port area and mining lease roads by tourists C,O,D Multiple vessels in Skardon River O Potential for Metro Mining s and Gulf s haul roads to intersect O Metro Mining s and Gulf s barges operating in same navigation channel C,O,D Feral animals, wildlife Vehicle accident Injury to public / Fatality to public / Vessel strike Injury to public / Fatality to public / Vehicle accident Injury to public / Fatality to public / Vessel strike Injury to public / Fatality to public / Vehicle accident Vessel strike Injury to public / Fatality to public / Designated crossing point for haul road with signage. Entry to hail road prohibited except for crossing point. Site access procedures, fencing, gates, security and signage. Maritime vessel safety controls (refer Chapter 22). Traffic control measures. Traffic management plan. Liaison with Metro Mining. Maritime vessel safety controls (refer Chapter 22). Fencing. Equipment barricaded. Maritime operations planning.

19 23.12 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment This section outlines the risk analysis undertaken in accordance with the method described in Section 23.3 and using the hazard identification table in Section The risk analysis takes into account the risk treatment measures included in the hazard identification table on the basis that it is expected that all legal requirements, relevant standards, guidelines and codes of practice will be implemented in the design, construction, operation and decommissioning of the Project. The objective of the risk analysis is to determine whether the residual risks (i.e. risks after proposed mitigations measures) are tolerable and if they are not then to propose new risk treatment measures. Where the residual risk is determined as high or extreme, these activities are considered for additional risk mitigation. Tables are prepared for the following hazards and associated risks: Transportation (Table 23-5) Bulk storage (Table 23-6) Construction and Installation (Table 23-7) Mining Operations (Table 23-8) Waste Management (Table 23-9) Infrastructure (Table 23-10) Decommissioning (Table 23-11) Interaction with External Factors (Table 23-12) Risk Evaluation - Transportation The risk levels to people and property associated with the transportation activities are summarised in Table Medium risks were associated with transporting personnel, equipment and materials to and from the site. Although the consequence of transport risks can be severe (e.g. mutiple fatalities), with the appropriate risk treatment measures, the likelihood is rare or unlikely and risk level has been assessed as medium. No high or extreme risks were identified. Table 23-5 Hazard Analysis for Transportation Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Transporting personnel, equipment and materials to and from the site and within site C, O, D C, O, D C, O, D Aircraft accident Supply vessel accident Vehicle accident (onsite only) Consequence Likelihood Risk level Injury to public / 3 E Medium Fatality to public 5 E Medium / Property damage 4 E Medium Injury to public / 3 D Medium Fatality to public 5 E Medium / Property damage 4 D Medium Injury to site worker Fatality to site worker 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Page 23-16

20 Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Transport of fuel to and within site C, O, D C, O, D O Spill, leak of liquid or fumes Excessive dust Fire Spill, leak Skardon River Bauxite Project Consequence Likelihood Risk level Property damage 3 D Medium Property damage 2 C Medium Fire 2 D Low Health impacts from contamination Vehicle accident / collision Injury to public / 1 C Low 3 D Medium 3 D Medium Fatality public / 5 E Medium Health impacts 2 D Low from contamination Property damage 3 D Medium Risk Evaluation - Bulk Storage The risk levels to people and property associated with the bulk storage activities are summarised in Table Medium risks were associated with storing fuel. It should be noted that the risk ratings are determined as medium when there is a possibility of the consequence resulting in a severe injury or fatality, even though the likelihood of the event is unlikely or rare (rating of D or E). No high or extreme risks were identified. Table 23-6 Hazard Analysis for Bulk Storage Activity Phase Spill, leak Potential consequences Storage of fuel C,O, D C,O, D Consequence Likelihood Risk level Spill, leak Property damage 2 C Medium Fire, explosion Health impacts from contamination Injury to public / site worker 2 D Low 3 D Medium Fatality public / site worker Health impacts from contamination 5 E Medium 2 D Low Page 23-17

21 Risk Evaluation - Construction and Installation Skardon River Bauxite Project The risk levels to people and property associated with the construction and installation activities are summarised in Table No high or extreme risks were identified. Table 23-7 Hazard Analysis for Construction and Installation Activity Phase Spill, leak Potential consequences Clearing and earthworks C Excessive dust Vehicle accident / collision C Landslide Property damage Consequence Likelihood Risk Level 3 D Medium 2 D Low O Wildlife (e.g. snakes) Injury to site worker / public Fatality site worker / public 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Construction and installation of infrastructure C Fire Injury to site 3 D Medium worker Injury to public 3 E Medium Excessive dust Erosion Property damage Vehicle accident / collision Property damage 3 D Medium 3 D Medium 2 E Low Risk Evaluation - Mining Operations The risk levels to people and property associated with mining operations are summarised in Table There were no high or extreme risks identfied. Some risks were rated as medium as there was the possibility of the consequence resulting in a severe injury or fatality. It should be noted that in all cases, the likelihood was assessed as unlikely or rare (D or E). Table 23-8 Hazard Analysis for Mining Operations Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Topsoil and subsoil stripping and storage O Excessive dust Vehicle accident / collision Consequence Likelihood Risk level 3 D Medium Landslide Property damage 2 D Low Wildlife (e.g. snakes) Injury to site worker / public Fatality site worker / public 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Page 23-18

22 Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Hauling bauxite O Vehicle accident Bauxite crushing and stockpiling Bauxite conveying, barging and transhipment O Fire Excessive dust Injury to site worker Fatality to site worker Skardon River Bauxite Project Consequence Likelihood Risk level 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 2 C Medium Vehicle accident / collision O Dust Property damage / public amenity O Excessive dust O Fire Injury to public / O Spill of bauxite 3 D Medium Property damage 2 C Medium 1 D Low Property damage 1 D Low Public amenity 1 D Low Fatality to public / 3 E Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 2 C Medium Injury to public / Fatality to public / 3 E Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 2 C Medium Health impacts from contamination 1 E Low Risk Evaluation - Waste Management The risk levels to people and property associated with waste management activities are summarised in Table Waste management is described in Chapter 8. With the implementation of proposed wasste management measures, risks associated with waste management are low or medium. Table 23-9 Hazard Analysis for Waste Management Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Consequence Likelihood Risk level C,O Vermin Health impacts 1 E Low Page 23-19

23 Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Waste management storage, transfer and disposal Uncontrolled release Health impacts from contamination (soil, water, groundwater) Consequence Likelihood Risk level 2 C Medium Risk Evaluation - Infrastructure The risk levels to people and property associated with the bauxite infrastructure activities, including management of water runoff from the bauxite infrastructure area, and the accommodation camp are summarised in Table No high or extreme risks were identified. Table Hazard Analysis for Infrastructure Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Bauxite infrastructure area operations Water management infrastructure Accommodation camp O Fire and / or release of contaminants C,O Release of contaminants Injury to public / Fatality to public / Consequence Likelihood Risk level 3 E Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 2 C Medium Health impacts from contamination 2 D Low Property damage 2 D Low Health impacts from contamination C,O Fire Injury to site worker Fatality to site worker 2 D Low 3 E Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 2 C Medium Risk Evaluation - Decommissioning The risk levels to people and property associated with decommissioning activities are summarised in Table Page 23-20

24 Table Hazard Analysis for Decommissioning Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Remediation contaminated land of D Release (leaching) Health impacts from contamination (soil, water, groundwater) Consequence Likelihood Risk level 2 D Low Risk Evaluation - Interaction with External Factors The risk levels to people and property associated with external factors are summarised in Table No high or extreme risks were identfied. Table Hazard Analysis for Interaction with External Factors Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences External factors C,O,D Sabotage Interaction with tourists on the land Interaction with recreational and commercial boats in the Skardon River Interaction with Metro Mining Ltd s Bauxite Hills Project haul roads C,O,D C,O,D C,O,D O Protest Disease outbreak Vehicle accident Multiple vessels in Skardon River Potential for Metro Mining s and Gulf s haul roads to intersect Injury to public / Consequence Likelihood Risk level 3 E Medium Property damage 3 E Medium Illness to public / Fatality to public / Injury to public / Fatality to public / 3 E Medium 5 E Medium 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 2 D Low Injury to public / Fatality to public / 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 3 D Medium Injury to public / Fatality to public / 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 3 D Medium Interaction with Metro Mining Ltd s O Metro Mining s Injury to public / 3 D Medium Page 23-21

25 Activity Phase Hazard Potential consequences Bauxite Hills Project barges Interaction feral animals, wildlife C,O,D and Gulf s barges operating in same navigation channel Cattle, livestock, wildlife Fatality to public / Skardon River Bauxite Project Consequence Likelihood Risk level 5 E Medium Property damage 3 D Medium Injury to public / Fatality to public / 3 D Medium 5 E Medium Property damage 1 D Low Cumulative Risk Potential interactions with other projects in the region (Metro Mining s Bauxite Hills Project) were identified in Table with associated hazards and risks identified. It is unlikely that there is an increased risk on the hazards identified in Table 23-4 as a result of the Bauxite Hills Project. It is unlikely that the hazards and risks associated with the Project will present additional / increased hazards and risks to other existing or proposed facilities in the vicinity of the Project area Risk Management Risk Management Plan A risk management plan will be developed prior to construction and operations. The purpose of the risk management plan will be to provide a framework for the implementation of the risk treatment and reduction measures proposed in this chapter. It is reiterated that the preliminary risk assessment in this chapter did not consider environmental impacts as they are assessed in other sections of the EIS. Routine operational health and safety risks have been identified and are to be managed in accordance with legislation, standards and codes of practice. The risk assessment process will be undertaken in detail prior to construction and operation and be maintained as operations and conditions may change. In line with standard industry practice, job safety and environmental analyses should take place prior to the commencement of any activity Construction Phase A Construction Environment, Health and Safety plan will be prepared upon completion of the design stage. The Construction EHS plan will focus on hazards related to both site operations and potential off site impacts. HIPAP7: Construction Safety Guidelines (NSW DoP, 2011) recommends the construction study covers the following: Familiarisation with past and proposed operations and a review of construction and commissioning programs Review of construction safety including identification and analysis of hazards and review / revision of construction operational controls Safety assurance including verification that the design intent is maintained throughout the construction period via safety management systems and pre-commissioning checks Page 23-22

26 Change management procedures during construction Operations Phase The proponent will structure health, safety and environmental management systems in accordance with OHSAS 18001: Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. Requirements and the principles of ISO14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems Requirements with Guidance for Use. Risk management principles in line with ISO 31000:2009. Risk Management Principles and Guidelines will be used to identify hazards, assess risks and identify control at all stages throughout the Project. The outcome of the risk management process will be the development of operational control such as health and safety plans, safe work procedures, job safety analyses, inspections, monitoring and audits. Risks will be managed in accordance with the hierarchy of control, with elimination being the first control method to be used. Hazards and risk will be identified during the Project risk assessment process and documented in a risk register that will be regularly updated. The risk register will be reviewed at any time prior to the introduction of new plant or equipment; change in operations, conditions or plant; after an incident; and at least annually. Should any risks be identified as high or extreme, additional treatment measures will be assessed and implemented as required to ensure that risks are made as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Safe work procedures will be developed for routine tasks to address the following hazards: driving vessel loading and unloading manual handling slips and trips interaction with mobile equipment working at heights working with electrical equipment, lightning working with moving parts falling objects fatigue confined spaces pinch points wildlife hazards disease vectors dust noise sunburn, dehydration, heat stress welding and cutting hazardous substances fire. Audits will be conducted on a scheduled and regular basis, dependent on the risk of the activity. Page 23-23

27 Risk Management - Natural Hazards Bushfire A bushfire management plan will be developed to take into account the following: Traditional Owner / landowner bushfire management Maintain safety of people and property by avoiding areas of high or medium bushfire hazard. Design and siting of buildings. Firebreaks, setbacks from vegetation and access to firefighting and emergency vehicles. Adequate road access for firefighting and other emergency vehicles. Providing an adequate and accessible water supply for fire-fighting purposes. Ensure public safety and environment are not adversely affected by the detrimental impacts of bushfire on hazardous materials manufactured or stored in bulk. These items will be addressed in the detailed design of the site and the Emergency Response Plan Vector-borne disease The preliminary hazard and risk assessment identified the potential for the spread of mosquito borne disease as medium. A mosquito management plan will be developed prior to construction and operations. As specified in the Queensland Health (2002) Guidelines to minimise mosquito and biting midge problems in new development areas, the most appropriate way to control mosquitoes is to prevent them from breeding. It is important to address potential mosquito problems before there is a significant increase in the adult population. Where required, mosquito control programs should integrate a variety of control strategies i.e. surveillance, reducing stagnant water and spraying. Any incidence of vector-borne disease will be referred to a doctor, with subsequent notification to Queensland Health. Additional treatment measures may be required if the incidence of disease increases beyond background levels in the general community. It is expected that Queensland Health will provide adequate monitoring of incidence of the known vector-borne diseases and will implement appropriate programs to control any outbreaks. It is unlikely that a significant increase in the incidence of vector-borne disease will occur Wildlife A procedure will be developed prior to clearing to ensure worker safety. This will take into account prevention of snake bites, as well as first aid and medical treatment. Training and awareness will also be considered. Suitable site personnel will be trained in first aid. Procedures will be in place to ensure effective transportation to the nearest medical facility, as required. Further detail will be included in the Emergency Management Plan Risk Management - Site Hazards Fire An on-site fire response capability will be maintained and supported as will be detailed in the Emergency Response Plan. Proposed control measures include: Preventive measures relating to control of ignition sources Page 23-24