Communicating Safety

Transcription

1 Communicating Safety Dr TJ Larkin Larkin Communication Consulting Enform Petroleum Safety Conference 9 May 2013 Download PDF copy of this presentation: Silver Bullet Using Supervisor Communication to Reduce Accidents

2 Communicating Safety 1. Communicate clearly? Theory (Allan Paivio) Research Bad Examples Good Examples 2. Words change behavior? Theory (Everett Rogers) Research Good Examples

3 Allan Paivio (Univ. W. Ontario) Dual Coding Theory Two Ways to Learn 1. Words 2. Objects Learning Through Objects faster longer lasting more enjoyable Left linguistic Right - picture

4 Allan Paivio (Univ. W. Ontario) Abstract Words Justice Time Quantity Concrete Words Dog Table Bike Pictures

5 Drawings Increase Comprehension Test Scores Up 113%

6 Drawings Increase Comprehension The centre of pulley P1 is suspended from the ceiling by rope Ra. On the left side of the pulley hangs the rope Rb. Attached to Rb is the centre of another pulley P2. At the left side of pulley P2 hang rope Rc. Rc supports a weight, W1 of value 1. On the other side of pulley R2 hangs rope Rd. Rd supports another weight, W2. On the other side of the original pulley, P1, the rope Re hangs down to the left side of another pulley P3. On the other side of the pulley P3, rope Rf is attached to the ceiling to support P3. From the centre of P3 is attached another rope Rg. Rg supports W2 (jointly with Rd). Rg supports W2 (jointly with Rd). Test Scores Up 600%

7 Homo Sapiens 120,000 Years Old Writing 5,000 years ago

8 Teachers Examples Diagrams Stories Humor

9 He has a heart. malfunctioning operating-below-prescribedguidelines They are in love. descending rapidly mutually altering their longitudinal location

10 Sheryl Crow & Kid Rock Pictures I put your picture away. I wonder where you ve been. I can t look at you, while I m lying next to him.

11 Offshore Platform Accident Pg. 3

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15 Suspension Trauma Pg. 4

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17 Communicating Policy Pg. 5

18 Communicating Procedures Pg. 6

19 Pneumatic Plug Pg. 7

20 Drawing: Pneumatic Plug Pg. 8

21 Dual Coding Picture + Words

22 Inadvertent expulsion of pneumatic plug Bow-Tie Analysis JMS 17-July-07 ATTACHMENT II Comments: Failed barrier in this incident Comments: Missing barrier in this incident Comments: Potential barrier that could have reduced impact of incident (No restraining device in this incident) Excessive PRESSURE THREAT Initiating Event: Use of Pneumatic Plug for maintenance when other means of isolation not feasible (non routine task) Operator Intervention Operator Intervention Permit to Work / Lock Out ISOLATION Tag Out (physical FROM lockout HIGH and tagging of motor PRESSURE operated valves) SOURCE THREAT Control BARRIER Plug Design Operator Intervention ISOLATION Plug capable FROM of HIGH retaining pressure PRESSURE SOURCE THREAT Control BARRIER Note: Although plug was designed for pressure it would see when fully inflated, there are better designs available that would reduce the chance of blowout. Ejection of pneumatic plug from piping EQUIP. INVOLVED: Pneumatic Plug Barriers to prevent plug from striking personnel RECOVERY MEASURE Options: Barricade the area to prevent people from working in front of plug while under pressure and/ or provide a restraining device. Emergency Rescue (Medical Response) RECOVERY MEASURE Potential - PTD or Fatality CONSEQUENCE Comments: Contract employee in coma. This type of incident has potential for Fatality. JSA and/or Risk Assessment review for non routine isolation tasks Activity not identified as requiring Lock Out / Tag Out of motor operated valves. (Motor valves closed) Escalation Control Escalation Factor Use of readily viewable pressure gauge or other detection method near plug location to monitor & control pressure. Control of Pressure No readily available means to monitor pressure behind plug by workers performing work Pneumatic plug was initially not inflated to design pressure which caused it to shift and then require resetting (initiating event). Training of crafts on pneumatic plug usage - setting to design pressure Escalation Control Escalation Factor Escalation Factor Escalation Control Training of crafts on pneumatic plug usage Escalation Control Craft workers not aware of danger of potential pressure behind pneumatic plug and need to verify before attempting to depressure & remove Escalation Factor Note: While not directly linked to actual incident, the plug could have potentially been ejected while they were working in area due to not being inflated to design pressure. Case Scenario: Contractor employee at a Shell Manufacturing Site incurred severe injuries to the head when a pneumatic plug was inadvertently expelled from a 16 transfer pipe struck him.

23 Communicating Safety 1. Communicate clearly? Theory (Allan Paivio) Research Bad Examples Good Examples 2. Words change behavior? Theory (Everett Rogers) Research Good Examples

24 Everett Rogers - Diffusion of Innovations

25 Two-Step Flow Katz & Lazarsfeld

26 Hypodermic Needle Theory Wrong Brochure Posters s messages go directly into employees employees change 2.5% of adopters

27 Two-Step Flow Theory Right Brochures Posters Step 1: Awareness Step 2: Personal Influence 97.5% of adopters

28 Bass Diffusion Model TV radio newspaper purchase a new product word of mouth

29 Wogalter Sign Only 41% wear PPE Add Supervisor Face-to-Face 74% wear PPE

30 Sisco van As Details: Dutch Chemical Companies 436 employees Frequency of informal faceto-face conversations about safety with your supervisor # of serious accidents supervisor communication r = serious accidents

31 GM Most Credible Source 78% 15% 8% supervisor top executive union

32 Continental Airlines

33 These Have Little Effect

34 This Changes Employees

35 Summary Communicating Safety 1. Communicate clearly? Theory (Allan Paivio) Research Bad Examples Good Examples 2. Words change behavior? Theory (Everett Rogers) Research Good Examples

36 Pressure Vessel Explosion pg. 9

37 Everything is Brilliant Except

38 Words + Picture (Pg. 10) Easy for Supervisors to Talk About

39 End

40 GM Mutilation Causes 87% of Rework

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44 AT&T The New Reality The New Brutality

45 Coles-Myer Beliefs We Share Bullshit We Share

46 QWest Life is Better Here Life is Bitter Here

47 Merck Focus for Growth F*ck Us for Growth