Jordan High School Rocketry Team. A Roll Stabilized Video Platform and Inflatable Location Device

Transcription

1 Jordan High School Rocketry Team A Roll Stabilized Video Platform and Inflatable Location Device Project Proposal 11 September 2015 Contact Address: C.E. Jordan High School Attn: Dr. Jeffrey LaCosse 6806 Garrett Road Durham, NC

2 Table of Contents 0 Abstract 1 Organization Information 1.1 Jordan High School Rocketry Team (JHSRT) 1.2 Team Educator 1.3 Safety Officer 1.4 Student Team Leaders 1.5 Team Organization 1.6 Associated NAR/TRA Sections 2 Facilities and Equipment 2.1 Facilities for Design, Manufacture, and Test Jordan High School Physics Laboratory Ground Reynolds Lab Fabrication Lab Mr. Morey s Garage Bahama Launch Site Tripoli East North Carolina Launch Site Personnel NASA Teleconferences Equipment Supplies Computer Equipment EIT Accessibility Standards Compliance 3 Safety 3.1 Team Safety Plan NAR High Power Safety Code Fire Escape Routes MSDS Information Risk Mitigation Tables Environmental Concerns 3.2 Safety Briefing Plan 3.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 3.4 Compliance with the Law 3.5 Rocket Motor Acquisition and Storage Plan 3.6 Range Safety Inspection Acknowledgement Range Safety Inspections Range Safety Officer Authority Potential Denial to Launch 4 Technical Design 4.1 Rocket and Payload Design 4.1.a Projected Vehicle Dimensions and Construction 2

3 4.1.b Projected Altitude 4.1.c Projected Recovery System 4.1.d Projected Motor Type and Size 4.1.e Projected Payload Description 4.1.e.1 General Description 4.1.e.2 Theory of the Reaction Wheel 4.1.e.3 Block Diagram of RRCS and Design 4.1.e.4 Payload Flight Data from last year 4.1.e.5 Inflatable Location Device Diagram and Candidate Plans 4.1.e.6 Candidate Method Evaluation Plan for the ILD 4.1.e.7 Ground Testing 4.1.f Vehicle, Recovery System and Payload Requirements 4.1.g Major Technical Challenges and Solutions 5 Educational Engagement 5.1 Hands On Educational Project 6 Project Plan 6.1 Top Level Timeline 6.2 Budget 6.3 Funding Plan 6.4 Community Support 6.5 JHSRT Sustainability Appendix A: Resumes Appendix B: FAA Regulations Appendix C: Team Safety Contract Packet Appendix D: Budget Appendix E: MSDSs 3

4 0 Abstract The Jordan High School Rocketry Team, formerly known as Durham Area Rocketry Team, proposes a project for the 2016 NASA Student Launch (High School). Our experiment this year consists of two parts. We will improve the roll control system from last year s experiment to more effectively stabilize the roll of a rocket, with onboard video cameras to produce videos with little (or pre determined) roll movement. We used a spinning reaction wheel that could counteract the roll through changing the speed of the reaction wheel during flight. The second part of our experiment involves inflating balloons and releasing them from the rocket so that the rocket can be more easily located and retrieved after the completion of a launch. We are inflating a balloon to ease the retrieval of the rocket after it lands due to the fact that the previous rocket landed in a field with limited visibility, causing a great deal of difficulty for the rocket retrieval team. The rocket design will change from last year to accommodate the additional space necessary for the balloons and the changes made to the roll control system. 4

5 1 Organization Information 1.1 Jordan High School Rocketry Team (JHSRT) All the students currently involved in this project are from Charles E. Jordan High School (JHS) in Durham, NC. There is the possibility of a student from the City of Medicine Academy (CMA) is to be involved this year. Plans are in place to invite other students from Durham area schools to participate. In 2014, a Team America Rocketry Challenge (TARC) team from JHS placed 25th in the finals, enabling Jordan High School to propose a project for the 2015 NASA Student Launch as the Durham Area Rocketry Team (DART). This year, all the students participating at this point are from JHS, hence the team will be named Jordan High School Rocketry Team. JHS is a traditional public high school in the Durham (county) Public Schools system. JHS opened in 1963 and is located in south Durham. It has an enrollment of 1940 students in grades City of Medicine Academy (CMA) is a lottery based magnet school in the Durham Public Schools system. It is a small learning community and national model designed to educate and train students to work in the field of health services and medical care. Located in the heart of Durham s medical district, CMA provides coursework and field opportunities focused on the healthcare industry with an emphasis on rigorous and relevant learning experiences School Mailing Address C.E. Jordan High School (JHS) City of Medicine Academy (CMA) 6806 Garrett Road Durham, NC Crutchfield Street, Durham, NC

6 1.2 Team Educator Dr. Jeffrey LaCosse Attn: Dr. Jeffrey LaCosse 6806 Garrett Road Durham, NC (919) Safety Officer Emma Jaynes Attn: Emma Jaynes 3218 Alsey Place Durham, NC (919) Student Team Leaders Samantha Armistead (Captain) Emma Jaynes (Captain) Attn: Samantha Armistead 908 Chancellors Ridge Drive Durham, NC (919) Attn: Emma Jaynes 3218 Alsey Place Durham, NC (919) Team Organization JHSRT expects approximately 10 full time student participants. Below is a table of key managers and personnel, and their resumes. Title Name Team Official School Sponsor Dr. Jeffrey LaCosse Dr. Jeffrey LaCosse 6

7 NAR/TRA Mentor Team Leaders Communication and Outreach Lead Payload Lead Design and Construction Lead Safety Officer Electrical Lead Dave Morey Sam, Emma Amy Judy, Ryan Sam Emma, Brian Evan, Joseph Dr. Jeffrey LaCosse: Dr. LaCosse is the team official dedicated to this project. He currently teaches physics at C. E. Jordan High School in Durham, NC. Dr. LaCosse is a member of the NAR and is certified for Level 1 High Power Rocketry. (see Appendix A: Resumes ) Dave Morey: Dave Morey is the rocketry mentor for C. E. Jordan High School. He is a member of the NAR and Tripoli and certified for Level 2 High Power Rocketry. (see Appendix A: Resumes ) Sam : Sam is a senior at Jordan High School, Design and Construction Lead, and Co Leader of JHSRT with Emma. She is a member of the orchestra, National Honors Society, Service Club, and is president of Science Olympiad. Emma : Emma is a senior at C. E. Jordan High School, Safety Officer, and Co Lead of JHSRT with Sam. She is a member of multiple Jordan music ensembles, including marching band, Philosophers Club, National Honors Society, and is an officer for the school s Science Olympiad team. Evan: Evan is a Co Electrical Lead for the JHSRT and is in twelfth grade at C. E. Jordan High School. He is an active participant and leader in many of the after school activities held there. He has been in multiple music ensembles, Science Olympiad, and is the founder of both the school s Philosopher s Club and the Computer Science Club. Judy: Judy is the Co Payload Lead for the JHSRT along with Ryan. She is a senior at C.E. Jordan High School and is in Science Olympiad, National Honors Society, and Service Club along with many other extracurriculars. 7

8 Amy: Amy is the Communication and Outreach Lead for the JHSRT and is a freshman at C. E. Jordan High School. She is in Science Olympiad, and her favorite core subjects is Science, Math, and Social Studies. Ryan: Ryan is the Co Payload Lead along with Judy. He is a senior in the JHSRT at C.E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina. He participates in various after school activities, including Science Olympiad, theatre, and Spanish Honor Society. Joseph: Joseph is the Co Electrical Lead along with Evan. He is a senior member of the JHSRT. He is in clubs such as the Jordan Regiment, rocketry, jazz band, and Philosophers Club. Brian: Brian is the co safety officer along with Emma and is a new addition to the JHSRT. He is currently a senior at C. E. Jordan High school in Durham, NC. He also participates in the Jordan Regiment, Science Olympiad, jazz band, and percussion ensemble. 1.6 Associated NAR/TRA Sections Dave Morey is the team s NAR/Tripoli mentor. He is Level 2 certified and is a member of and regularly flies with Tripoli East North Carolina (Prefecture 65). He will be the flyer of record for our full scale flights and will store and handle all energetic materials. Tripoli East North Carolina hosts regularly scheduled launches in Bayboro, NC (actually in nearby Grantsboro). Tripoli East North Carolina will supply all necessary launch equipment, e.g. launch rails, pads, and controllers. Members of Tripoli East North Carolina will also handle FAA waiver activation and notification at the Bayboro launch site. The site has an FAA waiver to 16,000 ft AGL and about 3000 acres of unobstructed recovery area. Members of Tripoli East North Carolina include multiple TAP members that JHSRT can call on for large rocket expertise. Alternative launch sites include Rocketry of Central Carolina located in Charlotte, NC (Tripoli Prefecture 67 and NAR Section 608) and Rocketry South Carolina located in Orangeburg, SC (Tripoli Prefecture 60 and NAR Section 648). 8

9 2 Facilities and Equipment 2.1 Facilities for Design, Manufacture, and Test Jordan High School Physics Laboratory Due to a generous grant from a private donor, the team will have primary access to power tools and other fabrication equipment at JHS. JHS will also be the primary location for team meetings, design and other activities. The rotational dynamics test stand and support equipment to be used for the ground testing of the reaction wheel system are located at the C.E. Jordan High School Physics Laboratory. Non pyrotechnic testing of components will also be conducted at JHS. The address of the facility is: Charles E. Jordan High School Rooms 302/304 (300 wing) 6806 Garrett Road Durham, NC The facility is primarily used for laboratory instruction in Physics, AP Physics C: Mechanics and AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism. The lab is available for use in this project after 2:30 PM school days until 11:00 PM, Saturdays from 10 AM to 6 PM, and Sundays 12 PM to 5 PM. The building is protected by an intruder alarm which is activated at 11 PM on weekdays, disabled at 6 AM weekdays and is on during the weekends except for the times shown above Ground Reynolds Lab The alternate location for the design, manufacture, and non pyrotechnic tests of rocket and payload components will be the Ground Reynolds Lab at NCSSM. This lab contains three rooms: a classroom, a machine shop area, and an uncommitted work area. The address of this facility is: Room GRL NCSSM 1219 Broad Street Durham, NC The machine shop area contains a drill press, a three axis milling machine, a belt sander, and a band saw. These are the only power tools that we expect will be required. The use of power tools is our only anticipated use of the Ground Reynolds lab machine shop. The uncommitted work area is where we expect to perform most design work and where materials will be stored between meetings. 9

10 The Ground Reynolds lab is also used by the FIRST Robotics Team and North Carolina Science Olympiad Team at NCSSM. All students are trained in power tool use by adult supervisors. Students must sign and have their parents sign a tool use agreement form and have adult supervision to be able to use power tools. The design and construction of the interface between the rocket and scientific payload will occur at JHSRT weekly meetings and will be agreed upon by both the rocket and payload leads. Integration of the rocket components and payload will occur in Ground Reynolds Lab Fabrication Lab Another alternate location for design, manufacture, and test of components is the Fabrication Lab at NCSSM. This lab consists of four rooms: the wood shop, the metal shop, the maker space, and the digital lab. The address for this facility is: Fabrication Lab NCSSM 1219 Broad Street Durham, NC This facility will contain a band saw, drill presses, chop saws, a Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) Mill, a CNC Router table, table saws, a belt sander, a 3D printer, and a lathe. The fabrication lab will be used for any machining that requires high precision tools. To use the Fabrication Lab students must take a training course for each tool. These training courses will be designed and conducted by NCSSM faculty. In addition to completing the training courses students must also submit the aforementioned tool use form and be under adult supervision to use any of the tools in the Fabrication Lab. The Fabrication Lab will be available to the team, provided the above safety conditions are met. JHSRT will be in contact with the Fabrication Lab supervisors to ensure that tools are available for our use. The hours of meetings, beginning in October, when JHSRT expects to begin rocket airframe construction, are: Monday Friday: 6:00 PM 8:00 PM Saturday: 1:00 PM 3:00 PM which provide ample opportunities for construction in our anticipated time frame. 10

11 The accurate computer controlled tools in the Fabrication Lab will be most useful for the construction of the payload. The weighted flywheel of the payload will have to be perfectly balanced to avoid damage to the payload and the rocket. This level of precision can be ensured through the use of CNC machinery. The computer controlled tools can also be used to fabricate rocket components such as bulkheads, centering rings, nose cones, electronic platforms, and fins Mr. Morey s Garage A backup location for the design, manufacture, and test of components is the rocketry mentor s garage. This facility serves as a backup to Ground Reynolds Lab and Fabrication Lab. The address of this facility is: 6817 Huntingridge Road Chapel Hill, NC The hours of availability of this facility are: Monday Friday: Evenings Saturday Sunday: 10:00 AM 5:00 PM However, JHSRT will need to give approximately 36 hours of lead time to the rocketry mentor, Mr. Morey, before holding a construction meeting at this facility. JHSRT can also perform black powder charge tests in Mr. Morey s back yard Bahama Launch Site JHSRT has access to a local (to Durham) launch site in Bahama, NC. It is owned by Mr. Mike Waters and is used by local TARC teams for testing and qualification flights. FAA Class 1 flights can be flown at this location South Lowell Road Bahama, NC The field is available from late October until late April. Rockets can be flown to about 1500 feet AGL. Mr. Morey supervises launches from this site. JHSRT can test the subscale rocket (if it meets Class 1 limits) from this site as well as perform black powder charge tests and GPS transmitter tests. The site is approximately half a mile in the shortest dimension. 11

12 2.1.6 Tripoli East North Carolina Launch Site Launch testing of the full scale rocket will occur at the Tripoli East North Carolina launch site near Bayboro, NC. Tripoli East North Carolina will supply all necessary launch equipment, e.g. launch rails, pads, and controllers, and will handle FAA waiver activation and notification at the Bayboro launch site. The waiver is to 16,000 ft AGL. The site is about 3000 acres of unobstructed farmland. Launches occur at least once a month on weekends. The address of this launch site is: 248 Paul Farm Road Grantsboro, NC Personnel JHSRT does not anticipate the need for any outside contractors or assistance from personnel not affiliated with the team NASA Teleconferences JHSRT will utilize the conference rooms located within the Jordan High School Media Center for holding teleconferences with NASA. These rooms provide sufficient space as well as technological equipment to hold these teleconference Equipment JHSRT anticipates the need for various power tools, hand tools, electrical test equipment such as a multimeter and a temperature controlled soldering iron. Due to a generous grant from a private donor, JHS will have these items available for the team on site at JHS Supplies JHSRT believes that it will have need for the following supplies and hazardous substances. MSDSs for these supplies are reproduced in Appendix E: MSDSs. JB Weld high temperature epoxy Z Poxy 30 minute Epoxy West Marine Weld Resin West Marine Weld Hardener Thin cyanoacrylate glue Bondo Putty: AeroTech propellant Magnelite Igniters: Ejection charge igniters Ejection charge black powder Spray Paint 12

13 Alkaline batteries Lithium polymer batteries GPS Radio module Lead Free Solder Computer Equipment All team members have access to a computer with at least the Windows 7 operating system. The team members and the educators/mentor are communicating through Google Groups and shared Google Documents. CAD software available to the team includes OpenRocket, Cadsoft Eagle, SketchUp, and SolidWorks. We will be using CAD software, such as SolidWorks or Autodesk Inventor, to design parts that we can 3D print with a 3D printer or mill with a CNC milling machine. When we finish designing the parts, we will save them as a.stl file and transfer them to the CAM software specific to the 3D printer and CNC milling machine we will be using. From there, we can scale the part to size, orient it properly, and print it. It is anticipated that a 3D printer may be needed for this design, which due to a generous private donation, will be available at JHS. A CNC milling machine is available at either NCSSM, or from NC State University. Raven3 altimeters will be used to collect data about the altitude. The Featherweight Interface Program will be used to analyze and record data obtained from the Raven3 altimeters. A Big Red Bee GPS transmitter will be used to collect data from the rocket s flight path. BeeFlash version 11 will be used to analyze the data obtained from the Big Bee GPS transmitters. Software appropriate for use with the microprocessor we use for the reaction wheel payload controller will be needed. This includes compilers and linkers as well as programming tools. It is anticipated that all of the above software can be used on laptops owned by the team members. At least two team laptops (one for backup) with the necessary software and hardware connections for flight operations will be needed at each launch EIT Accessibility Standards Compliance JHSRT will ensure that members with disabilities will have equal access to information and data as required in the EIT Accessibility Standards. Currently, no members have declared a disability. 13

14 3 Safety 3.1 Team Safety Plan Safety is JHSRT s number one priority for the design, construction, and launch of our rocket. Refer to Appendix C for Team Safety Contracts. Emma Jaynes, a student, has been selected to function as the Safety Officer for the team substructure to cooperate with the NAR mentor, Dave Morey. Both individuals will coordinate NAR High Power Safety Code compliance for each phase of JHSRT during our launch initiative participation: design, construction, and launch. Other responsibilities include briefing team members on safety practices before and after meetings, posting relevant equipment and materials safety information in all workshop facilities, and ensuring safe curation of all equipment and materials over the duration of the project. Safe handling of potentially dangerous materials such as black powder ejection charges will be ensured by requiring that the NAR mentor, Dave Morey, handle all dangerous materials. The team will be operating in four main facilities: Jordan High School Physics Laboratory, the Ground Reynolds Lab, Mr. Morey s Garage, and The Fabrication Lab (see Section for fire safety diagrams for operating facilities). More details on risk assessment and mitigation evaluations can be found in the following sections NAR High Power Safety Code We will brief participating students on hazard recognition and accident avoidance by requiring that they review the NAR High Power Safety Code and sign an agreement confirming their understanding of the code. It is reproduced here with commentary in italics regarding how JHSRT will abide by each of the rules. 1. Certification: I will only fly high power rockets or possess high power rocket motors that are within the scope of my user certification and required licensing. We will not use a motor beyond that allowed by the Level 2 High Power Rocketry certification of our team rocketry mentor, Dave Morey (see Appendix A: Resumes ). 2. Materials: I will use only lightweight materials such as paper, wood, rubber, plastic, fiberglass, or when necessary ductile metal, for the construction of my rocket. We will use only safe, lightweight materials for rocket construction, including phenolic like tubes, composite fin construction, plywood and plastic. Metal will only be used for connectors that need high strength and for the reaction wheel, which must be high density (see Section 4.1.a: Projected Vehicle Dimensions). 14

15 3. Motors: I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors, and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer. I will not allow smoking, open flames, or heat sources within 25 feet of these motors. We will read and abide by the safety recommendations provided by the manufacturer of the certified motor we choose to use (see Section 4.1.d: Projected Motor Type and Size ). Our team rocketry mentor, Dave Morey, will handle and store the motors and keep them in a safe environment. 4. Ignition System: I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system, and with electrical motor igniters that are installed in the motor only after my rocket is at the launch pad or in a designated prepping area. My launch system will have a safety interlock that is in series with the launch switch that is not installed until my rocket is ready for launch, and will use a launch switch that returns to the "off" position when released. The function of onboard energetics and firing circuits will be inhibited except when my rocket is in the launching position. We will not install motor igniters until the rocket is in a launch ready configuration (altimeters armed) on the launch pad in the upright position. We will use an electric launch system that complies with each of the safety requirements outlined above. All of the launch equipment used by Mr. Morey and the local clubs have multiple arming switches and a momentary contact switch for launching. Recovery altimeters will not be armed until the rocket is upright on the launch pad and can be disabled before removing the rocket from the pad. 5. Misfires: If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket. We will have a comprehensive safety checklist that complies with these requirements for use in case of a misfire. 6. Launch Safety: I will use a 5 second countdown before launch. I will ensure that a means is available to warn participants and spectators in the event of a problem. I will ensure that no person is closer to the launch pad than allowed by the accompanying Minimum Distance Table. When arming onboard energetics and firing circuits I will ensure that no person is at the pad except safety personnel and those required for arming and disarming operations. I will check the stability of my rocket before flight and will not fly it if it cannot be determined to be stable. When conducting a simultaneous launch of more than one high power rocket I will observe the additional requirements of 15

16 NFPA We will have a 5 second countdown at the launch site before launch. We will know and understand the launch safety procedures at the launch sites in Bahama, Bayboro and Huntsville and be sure there is a system in place to warn participants and spectators of any problem that may occur during launch. Before the launch, we will check rocket stability using an OpenRocket calculation of the CP and an actual measurement of the CG. We will also execute a launch safety checklist prior to launch. 7. Launcher: I will launch my rocket from a stable device that provides rigid guidance until the rocket has attained a speed that ensures a stable flight, and that is pointed to within 20 degrees of vertical. If the wind speed exceeds 5 miles per hour I will use a launcher length that permits the rocket to attain a safe velocity before separation from the launcher. I will use a blast deflector to prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. I will ensure that dry grass is cleared around each launch pad in accordance with the accompanying Minimum Distance table, and will increase this distance by a factor of 1.5 and clear that area of all combustible material if the rocket motor being launched uses titanium sponge in the propellant. Launch pads used to Mr. Morey and the local clubs all have a stable launch guidance device (1010 or 1515 rails), blast deflector, and other requirements. We will also include the requirements for a safe launch site in our pre launch safety checklist, and will check the site and conditions to ensure they comply with these requirements. 8. Size: My rocket will not contain any combination of motors that total more than 40,960 N sec (9208 pound seconds) of total impulse. My rocket will not weigh more at liftoff than one third of the certified average thrust of the high power rocket motor(s) intended to be ignited at launch. We will design and build our rocket to and only use a single motor that does not exceed 2,560 N sec total impulse as specified by NASA. Our rocket weight is approximately 20 pounds, at most one fifth of the certified average thrust of the motors we will choose (see Section 4.1.a: Projected Vehicle Dimensions ). 9. Flight Safety: I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, near airplanes, nor on trajectories that take it directly over the heads of spectators or beyond the boundaries of the launch site, and will not put any flammable or explosive payload in my rocket. I will not launch my rockets if wind speeds exceed 20 miles per hour. I will comply with Federal Aviation Administration airspace regulations when flying, and will ensure that my rocket will not exceed any applicable altitude limit in effect at that launch site. We will only launch our rocket on a safe, clear trajectory. Our rocket will contain a safe non explosive payload (see Section 4.1.e: Projected Payload Description ). We will check 16

17 conditions, especially wind speed and precipitation, before launch, and ensure they are acceptable launch conditions. 10. Launch Site: I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area where trees, power lines, occupied buildings, and persons not involved in the launch do not present a hazard, and that is at least as large on its smallest dimension as one half of the maximum altitude to which rockets are allowed to be flown at that site or 1500 feet, whichever is greater, or 1000 feet for rockets with a combined total impulse of less than 160 N sec, a total liftoff weight of less than 1500 grams, and a maximum expected altitude of less than 610 meters (2000 feet). We will create a launch safety checklist that complies with the requirements for launch site safety and ensure each site where we launch meets all of those requirements. The Bahama launch site is about 2500 feet in the shortest dimension. The Bayboro launch site has 2500 feet of safety setback between it and the nearest building. Both launch sites are free of trees, power lines, and other obstructions. 11. Launcher Location: My launcher will be 1500 feet from any occupied building or from any public highway on which traffic flow exceeds 10 vehicles per hour, not including traffic flow related to the launch. It will also be no closer than the appropriate Minimum Personnel Distance from the accompanying table from any boundary of the launch site. We will check to make sure the launch location is appropriately far from the launch site boundaries and from any dangerous or noncompliant obstructions. This will be included on our launch safety checklist. 12. Recovery System: I will use a recovery system such as a parachute in my rocket so that all parts of my rocket return safely and undamaged and can be flown again, and I will use only flame resistant or fireproof recovery system wadding in my rocket. We will design our recovery system to allow for a safe recovery of the rocket, and use only materials that are safe and fire resistant or fire proof.(e.g., Nomex sheets) (see Section 4.1.c: Projected Recovery System ). 13. Recovery Safety: I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines, tall trees, or other dangerous places, fly it under conditions where it is likely to recover in spectator areas or outside the launch site, nor attempt to catch it as it approaches the ground. We will only attempt to recover our rocket under safe conditions, and we will not launch in conditions under which an unsafe recovery is likely. We will not attempt an unsafe mode of recovery, such as catching the rocket as it approaches the ground. The bolded rows in the table below contains the safety setbacks we will observe at sub scale and full scale launches. 17

18 Installed Total Impulse (Newton Secon ds) Equivalent High Power Motor Type Minimum Diameter of Cleared Area (ft.) Minimum Personnel Distance (ft.) Minimum Personnel Distance (Complex Rocket) (ft.) H or smaller I , , , , , , , , , , , J K L M N O Fire Escape Routes Fire escape routes for Ground Reynolds Lab, Fabrication Lab, Mr. Morey s garage and the Charles E. Jordan High School Physics Laboratory have been documented and reviewed with the entire team. In addition, Ground Reynolds Lab has fire alarm pull stations adjacent to both exterior opening doors. Both Ground Reynolds Lab and Mr. Morey s garage have fire extinguishers stored adjacent to the entry door. As the Fabrication Lab is still under construction, locations of fire extinguishers and fire alarms have not yet been released. Once JHSRT is given access to the finished Fabrication Lab all members will be shown the location of fire alarms and extinguishers.the Jordan Physics Laboratory has fire extinguishers, fire blankets and first aid kits in both rooms. The fire alarm pull stations are at the exits of the 300 wing building. The fire escape routes are shown schematically below: 18

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21 3.1.3 MSDS Information MSDSs of all hazardous materials we may use have been gathered (see Appendix E: MSDSs for reproduced MSDSs) and safety equipment beyond the standard safety glasses and gloves will be used when material hazards necessitate. Before beginning construction, power tool safety will be reviewed. Since power tools have such great capacity for injury, proper training is the key to ensuring team member safety. Safety rules will be reviewed before all launches and will be included in pre launch checklists. JHSRT will also include safety statements in all internal documents relating to components with a safety risk. In addition, all electronics will be stored using anti static containers and team members will follow electrostatic mitigation procedures Risk Mitigation Tables Recovery Failures Failure Mode Probability Effects of Failure Failure Prevention Parachute Melts or Combusts Low Moderate Rocket falls at high velocity and breaks upon landing Kevlar blanket protects parachute; develop consistent packing procedure 21

22 Shock Cord Melts or Combusts Low Moderate Rocket falls at high velocity and breaks upon landing Nomex heat resistant blanket protects parachute; Nomex wrap around nylon cords; develop consistent packing technique Parachute Tears Low Rocket falls at high velocity and breaks upon landing Rocket Lands in Tree Moderate Difficult retrieval; students injured while retrieving; rocket lost Parachute Tangles Moderate Rocket falls at high velocity and breaks upon landing Inspect parachute for damage prior to launch; tape over sharp edges on recovery components like quick links Launch in area free of trees; use dual deployment; no climbing trees Develop consistent packing procedure; inspect lines before use Sections Fail to Separate Low Rocket falls at high velocity and breaks apart upon landing Ensure joints have smooth fit; use correct amount of black powder; use redundant altimeters and charges Balloon Line Tangles with Main Parachute Moderate Main parachute fails to open; rocket falls at high velocity and breaks upon landing Use configuration that minimizes probability of tangling Structural Failures Failure Mode Probability Effect of Failure Failure Prevention Fin failure Low Rocket instability and crash Perform static tests on fins; mount fins through airframe Airframe Low Rocket instability and Perform static tests 22

23 bends/crimps crash on airframe; overbuild airframe; square joints at couplers Shock cord failure Low Airframe parts separate from parachute; rocket destroyed when it impacts the ground Analyze forces on shock cords ahead of time; check for cord damage before each flight Zipper, shock cord tears airframe during deployment Moderate Rocket can t be flown again without repair Use zipperless design coupler and bulkhead for drogue bay mounted to fin section; use thick shock cords to spread load on airframe Damage on Landing Moderate Broken fins; broken airframe ends Motor Mount Failure Low CATO; Motor shoots through airframe, destroying rocket Drop test airframe; overbuild airframe; ensure recovery system deploys Use high temperature materials; static test motor mount; inspect motor and mount before use; overbuild motor retention system Payload Failures Failure Mode Probability Effect of Failure Failure Prevention Payload Mounting Fails Low Destruction of payload; rocket instability Develop procedure for inserting payload into rocket; overbuild payload mounting Power Supply Failure Low Loss of flywheel functionality, rocket tracking data lost Develop procedure for mounting payload; charge batteries fully; seat connectors fully Static Damage Low Loss of sensor Store in payload in 23

24 functionality, and, consequently, flywheel functionality; rocket tracking data lost EMI Low Corrupted data; radio failure; tracking data lost antistatic bag; team members discharge themselves before handing payload Shield all critical systems; shield all but intentional radiators throughout Incorrect Battery charging and discharging Low Battery damage or failure Make sure all batteries are charged with a proper charger and none of the batteries are left on and allowed to discharge completely Flywheel breaks apart Low Damage to the inside of the rocket; destruction of the payload; Overbuild the vulnerable pieces of the flywheel; overbuild the containing wall. Balloon pops/tears during launch Low Moderate Balloon does not deploy; recovery slightly more difficult, but flight is otherwise unaffected Use balloons composed of a sturdy material; line interior of rocket with cushioning material Balloon improperly secured Low Balloon detaches from rocket entirely; balloon is lost Develop procedure for tying the knot that secures the balloon line Propulsion Failures Failure Modes Probability Effect of Failure Failure Prevention Rocket is Overpowered Moderate High Overshoots target altitude Choose proper motor size; Use C d from actual flight data for next simulation; Use accurate mass in 24

25 simulation Rocket is Underpowered Moderate High Undershoots target altitude Choose proper motor size; Use accurate C d in simulation; Use accurate mass in simulation Motor Fails to Ignite Low Cannot launch Bring spare ignitors; Develop procedure for inserting igniter Motor Failure Low Motors burn through case; Rocket instability; Rocket destroyed Follow reload directions; Multiple people supervise motor assembly Motors Retention System Fails Low Motor shoots through airframe, destroying rocket; Motor falls out of rocket after burnout Use high temperature materials adhesives in motor retention system; Use motor retention ring Management Failures Failure Mode Probability Effect of Failure Failure Prevention Time demands force personnel to abandon project Low Moderate Project behind schedule; Deliverables incomplete Cross train team members; Add extra time to internal deadlines Parts arrive late Moderate Project behind schedule; Deliverables incomplete Order parts early; Add extra time to internal deadlines Environmental Concerns Emissions/ Chemicals/ Electrical Concerns JHSRT will use RoHS compliant electrical components for the building and operation of our rocket and scientific payload. Storage and Disposal 25

26 The environment is important to the team and we will properly dispose, recycle, and/or store materials in appropriate containers and locations. Of particular importance is recovering waste, like spent igniters, from launch sites and disposing spent batteries from the payload in an appropriate manner. Environmental Hazards We will not launch our rocket in hazardous weather (i.e. tornado watches/warnings, rain, severe weather watches, extreme heat, freezing conditions that may affect rocket or payload, extreme wind, etc.) 3.2 Safety Briefing Plan All students will be required to review and sign a safety contract before participating with the team. This contract will serve as an initial safety briefing for all students. As part of the contract, students will be required to review Section 3: Safety of this report. This will allow students to be familiar with the hazards associated with the activities of this team as well as how we plan on mitigating risks and avoiding accidents. The Safety Officer of the team will work with the NAR mentor, Dave Morey, to prepare pre and post launch checklists that must be followed at the launch site to ensure safe launch preparations and recovery. Before the rocket is launched, the pre launch checklist will have to be signed by both the NAR mentor, Dave Morey, as well as the safety officer. This will ensure that appropriate safety measures are followed during the pre launch process. 3.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Comprehensive lab safety training by mentors from the NCSSM FIRST Robotics Team will be completed prior to rocket construction. Appropriate use of lab safety equipment and power tools will be covered, as will fire safety considerations. Consistent use of personal protective equipment described below will be required for all team members. During ground testing of the reaction wheel payload we will use appropriate shielding (plexiglas or other) between the payload and observers in case the wheel becomes separated from the payload. If necessary, we will beef up the payload bay to contain any mechanical failure of the wheel using Kevlar reinforcements. 26

27 Construction Safety Hazards Hazard Probability Effect of Occurrence Prevention Dermal exposure to chemicals Moderate Chemical burns, skin damage Consistent use of gloves throughout construction Ocular exposure to chemicals Moderate Eye injury, vision loss Require consistent use of ANSI Z87+ lab goggles with side shields throughout construction Exposure to chemical fumes Moderate Internal and external chemical burns, respiratory system damage Work in well ventilated areas, use soldering irons only in areas with sufficient airflow Power tool misuse Low Lacerations, dismemberment, and similar wounds Training on safe power tool usage for all team members Milling lubricant autoignition Low Burns, fire damage to equipment and surroundings Mandatory safety training, reduce mill feed rate, be alert for smoke Reaction Wheel Failure Low Flying energetic parts Use shield between spinning wheel and observers; reinforce payload with Kevlar 3.4 Compliance with the Law FAA regulations require a waiver of Part 101 regulations to launch rockets over 1500 grams or with more than 125 grams of propellant. Our full scale rocket will, and our sub scale rocket may, require this waiver. Tripoli East North Carolina has acquired a waiver (to 16,000 feet AGL) for use at the Bayboro, North Carolina launch site. A Tripoli East North Carolina member will get permission from the FAA for launches under the waiver. We understand and will be compliant with the sections pertaining to Class 1 and Class 2 rockets of FAA 14 CFR, Subchapter F, Part 101, Subpart C, the text of which can be found in Appendix B: FAA Regulations. There are no federal explosives regulations applicable to Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellant (APCP) since the NAR/Tripoli (3/16/2009) won a lawsuit against the BATFE. We understand and will comply with NFPA 1127 and the NAR High Power Rocketry Safety Code. 27

28 3.5 Rocket Motor Acquisition and Storage Plan The acquisition, transportation, storage, and assembly of all high power rocket motors will be handled directly by our NAR/TRA mentor Dave Morey, who is Level 2 certified for up to L motors. JHSRT will order and pay for high power motors but have them delivered directly the Mr. Morey who will retain possession of the motors until they are flown. The team will defer all assembly tasks involving handling the motors to Mr. Morey. The student Safety Officer will observe the assembly by Mr. Morey as an additional check of proper assembly. Mr. Morey will supply FFFFg Black Powder for use as ejection charges. Mr. Morey will load the ejection charges just before the rocket is assembled. 3.6 Range Safety Inspection Acknowledgement See Appendix C: Team Safety Contract Range Safety Inspections JHSRT recognizes the absolute authority of the Range Safety Officer and the validity of his or her safety inspection. For this reason the team will submit our rocket for range safety inspection in a timely manner Range Safety Officer Authority We hereby agree to comply with any determination of safety provided by the Range Safety Officer. This includes an explicit understanding that the Range Safety Officer has the right to deny launch to our rocket if there is any cause for safety concern Potential Denial to Launch We understand that if we do not comply with safety requirements as ordered by the Range Safety Officer that we will not be allowed to launch our rocket. 28

29 4 Technical Design Rocketeers often attach video cameras to rockets, most commonly looking down at the ground out at the horizon. Digital video cameras have become very inexpensive and small, allowing them to be mounted on the outside of the rocket. The resulting videos can be hit or miss, depending on the amount of roll and the roll rates experienced by the rocket. Even rockets that are well built (i.e. everything is aligned) will roll in response to aerodynamic perturbations and motor thrust. For example, see the videos at these links: TDBucmJCanZDTVk/view?usp=sharing UmZxMzMtb01wR1k/view?usp=sharing N09TYlg4Nm84RjQ/view?usp=sharing This rocket does not seem to have any misalignments in construction that result in rotation. Rather, it rotates in both directions in response to external forces as it rises through the air. Some rotation will occur if the fins (or other components) are misaligned. See this video: WG9EV2ZNMGxqbnc/view?usp=sharing This rocket rolls continuously in one direction, likely due to a misalignment of one or more fins. Our first goal is to control the roll of a well built rocket that is rolling due to external perturbations, not due to airframe misalignments. We would like to control the roll of the rocket to produce better videos with less rolling motion. We designed a payload to accomplish this goal last year with some success, and so our first goal for this year is to improve upon our previous design in order to maintain control over the roll of the rocket for a longer period of time. We are using a reaction (momentum) wheel aligned with the roll axis of the rocket to control the rocket s roll. Changing the speed of the wheel will generate rolling forces on the airframe that can be used to counteract the roll induced by external or motor forces. The reaction wheel payload is completely self contained and does not need to interface with the rest of the airframe. Theoretically, such a payload could be easily moved from vehicle to vehicle. Note that we do not expect to be able to control the roll of a poorly aligned airframe like in the last video, as least not for the complete flight. The continuous torque applied by the misaligned components of the airframe may rapidly spin the reaction wheel to its limits. The other goal for the rocket this year is inspired by the experience of the team last year when attempting to locate the rocket following its landing. The rocket happened to land in a field with 29

30 vegetation tall enough to make it very difficult for the team to find the rocket. Due to this visual obstruction, it took approximately forty five minutes to retrieve the rocket from the field. In order to avoid a potential repeat of this experience, we are planning to include a system within the payload designed to help us find and retrieve the rocket. This system will release balloons that are tethered to the rocket. The balloons will remain floating above the rocket s landing location as a signal to the team members searching for the rocket. This will allow us to quickly retrieve our rocket if it lands somewhere that could complicate the process of locating it. 4.1 Rocket and Payload Design The rocket design is based on the previous rocket JHSRT used in the 2015 NASA SLI. The rocket will be slightly shorter, but also wider in diameter. The requirements from NASA for the rocket have not changed significantly since 2015 and our previous rocket had an appropriately sized payload bay near the CG of the rocket that we can use for the reaction wheel. Changes to the already proven design include: The nose cone is longer and lighter, but still fits the team s Big Red Bee transmitter. Four fins instead of three to increase stability. Rounded edge fins rather than airfoil to reduce inaccuracies that could produce spin. Non swept back, trapezoidal fins so that poor landings would be less likely to result in damaged fins. Plastic nose cone to reduce mass. A shorter (17 instead of 19 ) payload bay. An added payload (a balloon) to the nose cone. The rocket was shortened in an attempt to reduce mass and achieve a higher apogee. The already proven recovery system will be reused. It includes two Raven3 altimeters for parachute deployment and a homemade hemispherical parachute that the team made for the previous rocket. We will use Aerotech s K1000T P, with a diameter of 75mm and a total impulse of 2512 Ns. The rocket will have two 3D printed pods on the side of the drogue bay to hold two 808 #16 keychain cameras to take downward looking video. The two pods keep aerodynamic forces symmetrical and provide redundancy in case one of the cameras does not work or is started incorrectly. (The user interface for the camera is not very intuitive.) 30

31 808 #16 Keychain Camera Example 3D Printed Camera Shroud Sold by Landru13 on Etsy.com The payload was conceived as a way to better the quality of videos taken from a rocket, which is prone to roll/rotation during flight. In brainstorming solutions for this problem, a flywheel was mutually agreed upon as the best method for counteracting a rocket s roll. We hope that this technology will help and inspire others in the rocketry community that are struggling with the same problem. 31

32 4.1.a Projected Vehicle Dimensions and Construction The rocket design is a standard four fin and nose cone dual deployment zipperless design. The payload bay is located in the zipperless coupler near the motor and is insulated by a bulkhead from the motor heat. The GPS transmitter bay is in a tube inside the tip of the nose cone. The recovery altimeters are located between the drogue and main parachute bays. The drogue bay is aft of the recovery altimeters and the main bay is forward. Key statistics are shown in a tabular form along with an image of the proposed rocket design below: Total Length Outer Diameter Nose cone Shape Nose cone Length Main Parachute Airframe Length Drogue Parachute Airframe Length Payload Bay Length Fin Section Bay Length Motor Tube Diameter inches 4 inches 4:1 ogive 16 inches 25.5 inches 18.5 inches 17 inches 28.4 inches 3 inches The projected design is shown diagrammatically on the following page: 32

33 33

34 All of the sections of the rocket were sized conservatively to be longer than strictly necessary to allow for payload size increases as the design process progresses and to allow payload and recovery system flexibility last year, so we simply shortened our rocket s length in areas that had excess space. The object of most debate was whether diameter of the airframe should be 5.5 inches or 4 inches. The 5.5 design was found to be unreasonable, for although it would have allowed for a shorter and/or less dense flywheel, the overall mass it added, as well as the drag, made it unable to reach a mile at apogee. Due to this shortcoming, we went with the 4 design to avoid this issue. Because of that, the flywheel will be made longer, but our original design allows for this change. For this preliminary design, we have assumed the use of Blue Tube for the airframe, plastic for the nose cone, and balsa/carbon fiber for the composite fins. This has kept the mass relatively low compared to the normal mass of a rocket this size. The current projected mass of the completed rocket with motor is approximately 9.8 kg. We plan to use four trapezoidal fins to ensure a stable trajectory. Four fins were chosen over three because this would result in more stability. Each of these fins is 12.6 inches long, spans 4.7 inches, and has a thickness of 3/8 of an inch. This gives the rocket a maximum span diameter of 13.4 inches, and a stability of 2.43 calibers. The dimensions were first chosen to ensure the center of pressure was three to five calibers behind the center of mass to ensure stability of the rocket. Then, the fin shape was optimized for strength. We chose a large root chord to maximize bonding surface area. We plan on using high temperature epoxy to adhere the fins to the motor tube to prevent melting adhesive and structural failure. The thickness and material of the fins were chosen to prevent oscillation and deformation in flight and prevent damage if the rocket lands fin first. We anticipate the fins will be made of end grain balsa sheets with half round hardwood leading and trailing edges. This structure will be covered with carbon fiber. For maximum strength, the fins will be mounted using through the wall construction; the fins will penetrate the body tube, connect directly to the motor tube and will be the structure that transfers the motors thrust from the motor mount to the airframe. 4.1.b Projected Altitude We used OpenRocket to design the rocket and simulate its flight. We used data from our previous SLI rocket to set the C D realistically. Using the Aerotech K1000T P that we have been exploring, we get the following simulation results for a launch at Bayboro, NC.. K1000T P, 0g Ballast Mass Altitude 1706 m (5597 ft) Flight Time 109 s Time to Apogee 17.9 s Velocity off Pad 23.3 m/s (76.4 ft/s) Max Velocity 226 m/s (741.5 ft/s) 34

35 4.1.c Projected Recovery System Components of the recovery system used in the previous JHSRT (as DART) SLI rocket worked well and will be reused in this rocket. The masses of the two rockets are similar, so descent rates should be close, about 15 ft/sec under main parachute. Forces on the recovery components will also be similar. The altimeters, parachutes, shock cords and linkages will be reused. A duplicate altimeter bay will be constructed. We will recover the rocket using dual deployment homemade parachutes that JHSRT team members made for the previous SLI rocket. A 2 ft diameter parasheet drogue chute is used. The main parachute is a semi ellipsoidal 16 gore 1.1 oz ripstop nylon parachute. The canopy is 84 inches (7 ft) wide when inflated. The gores are sewn using flat felled seams, giving it extra strength. Shroud lines extend over the top of the canopy. A small pilot chute is used to extend and inflate the chute quickly. The recovery system will be actuated by redundant Raven3 altimeters, each of which has dedicated black powder charges secured to the recovery altimeter bay. The design of the recovery altimeter bay is shown is a diagram below: 35

36 36

37 Altimeter bay from previous SLI rocket 37

38 7 ft main parachute during construction Redundant charges will be used for each deployment each attached to a different independent altimeter. This ensures that if one altimeter malfunctions to other will still be able to initiate recovery. The parachute will be wrapped in Nomex fireproof material to prevent parachute charring and melting from the black powder ejection charges. Once we have ensured that the rocket has safely touched down in a safe location, four preselected JHSRT members will retrieve the rocket on foot. We will reuse a Big Red Bee GPS transmitter donated to the team for our SLI entry. The rocket locating transmitter is located in the nose cone. Dr. LaCosse possesses an Amateur Radio license and at least one member will acquire a license during the project. Dr. LaCosse has the ground support equipment we need to capture the downlinked GPS data during flight. Transmitter Radio Service Amateur Radio Service, Part 97 38

39 Transmitter Frequency Transmitter Power Transmitter Advertised Range Transmitter Successful Tested Range 420 MHz 450 MHz 16 mw 65,000 ft line of sight ½ mile just over hill 4.1.d Projected Motor Type and Size JHSRT currently plans to use an Aerotech K1000T reloadable motor. With a liftoff mass of about 9.8 kg (21.6 lb), the thrust to weight ratios are calculated as: Motor Type Total Impulse Max Thrust Average Thrust Burn Time Average Thrust to Weight Ratio K1000T P 2512 Ns 1674 N 1,066 N 2.4 sec 11.5:1 K1000T P Thrust Curve 4.1.e Projected Payload Description 39

40 4.1.e.1 General Description The payload that we are considering placing into the rocket contains two different sections. There is a reaction wheel assembly that we used last year, known as the Roll Reaction Control System (RRCS). The purpose of the wheel is to keep the rocket steady in flight. The wheel will also be used to create controlled effects on the rocket in order to produce a desired video effect during flight. Last year, the payload was able to keep the rocket from rotating in the air for 10 seconds before the motor was no longer able to keep up with the roll. The desired effects that we want to produce are a steady panoramic view of the ground area during flight and a focus on one spot on the ground, and expanding on the same field of vision during flight. We will be using a VESC motor controller this year instead of the Phoenix Edge HV 40 from last year. See open source esc/ for a description of the VESC. It should be quicker to respond compared to the one from last year and able to control torque directly and change the speed that the motor spins more effectively. It supports electronic braking of the motor which was not available with the Edge ESC. We will be using the same motor from last year. The wheel that will be mounted on the top of the motor assembly will be larger and heavier than last year s. In the box diagram, the wheel is labeled as a "flywheel." The microprocessor uses a MEMS gyro rate sensor that detects the rotation of the rocket and commands the motor controller to speed up or slow down the motor/flywheel to counteract the rocket's roll. In the assembly, there are other key parts to detect the current status of the system in order to help prevent most avoidable damages to the payload using various sensors. A temperature sensor will measure the unit's temperature. The microprocessor can shut down the motor if it exceeds a temperature limit to avoid damage to the components. A speed sensor will be used by the microprocessor to shut down in case maximum motor speed is exceeded due to a programming error. An accelerometer will be used to detect liftoff and apogee so that the motor can be turned off during descent. A speaker and LED light will be used to indicate the state of the system. A fan and external vents will probably be needed to cool the motor and speed controller. The second component of the payload is a system designed to release a helium balloon in order to ease the process of location and acquisition of the rocket. The balloon will be allowed to float above ground level so that those who search for the rocket after the completion of a launch will be able to locate it expeditiously if the rocket lands in a location that results in visual obstructions (e.g. a field with tall vegetation, as happened to the previous JHSRT rocket). There are two candidate methods that are being considered for this component of the payload. The first of these possible methods is to inflate the helium balloon prior to launch, so that the balloon will already be inflated throughout the entirety of the launch. With this method, the balloon can simply be released after the main parachute opens during the rocket s descent. The other candidate method involves the usage of a helium cartridge to inflate the balloon at around 40

41 the time of landing. The system would have to inflate the balloon using the helium cartridge placed into the rocket prior to launch and seal the balloon to prevent leakage. 4.1.e.2 Theory of the Reaction Wheel Assuming the rocket is well built and all components are well aligned, there are two factors which will cause the rocket to spin during the flight. One is a wind perturbation and another is non symmetries in the rocket motor exhaust. (Fin misalignment will also induce a roll, but our goal is not to eliminate a major roll due to airframe misalignment.) According to Newton s Third Law, we know that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. So we applied Newton s Third Law and designed a flywheel that counteracted the spin of the rocket. When we applied a torque to the flywheel to accelerate or decelerate it, an equal and opposite torque was applied to the airframe. As the flywheel accelerates, the rocket airframe will accelerate in the opposite direction. An equivalent way of thinking of this is that the reaction wheel angular momentum is changed to be opposite of that of a detected change in the rocket s angular momentum. Whenever the rocket begins to spin, we calculate how much torque we need to apply to the flywheel and we can counteract rocket spin as soon as possible. The roll torque cannot be detected on the rocket directly, but the angular acceleration of the rocket can be measured using a MEMS gyro rate sensor. From the moment of inertia of both the flywheel and rocket along with the data from the angular motion sensor which is processed by the microprocessor, the motor controller is commanded to give the Δω of the flywheel needed to maintain the zero roll angular momentum of the rocket/flywheel system. With the new motor controller, the torque of the flywheel should be able to be controlled. Consider the rocket and the flywheel as a whole system; when a perturbation causes the rocket to roll it will change the angular momentum about the roll axis. Due to the fact that the system is composed of the rocket and the flywheel, the angular momentum of the whole system is equal to the sum of the angular momentum of the rocket and the angular momentum of the flywheel. Any change in the rocket angular momentum and flywheel angular momentum is governed by the equation: ΔL total = ΔL Rocket + ΔLWheel. Based on Newton s Second Law, we know that the angular momentum of the whole system is the product of the angular speed and the rotational inertia of the whole system: ΔL total = I Δω ΔL total = (I RΔω R + I W Δω W ) where R and W subscripts denote the rocket (minus the flywheel) and flywheel respectively. I is the roll moment of inertia, and ω is the roll angular velocity. 41

42 The goal of the experiment is to ensure that the total roll angular momentum of the rocket system is unchanged from the liftoff condition. To counteract the spin of the rocket, an opposing change in roll angular momentum of the flywheel is generated. As the reaction wheel will be spinning before launch, the total roll angular momentum to be maintained will not be zero and is the pre launch total roll angular momentum of the reaction wheel. The key is to maintain the roll angular momentum before launch, which means the change in total roll angular momentum is maintained at zero. To find the angular velocity needed for the flywheel to maintain the original total angular momentum of the rocket/flywheel system, we start with: ΔL Total = 0 0 = ΔL Rocket + ΔLWheel ΔL Rocket = ΔL Wheel = I Wheel Δω Wheel Combine this with ΔL Rocket = I Rocket Δω Rocket To get the expression of the change in angular velocity, we need to apply the following to the flywheel: Δω Wheel = I Rocket Δω Rocket / I Wheel. The motor which drives the flywheel will be commanded to give this change in flywheel angular velocity to null the rocket roll. An angular motion sensor will be used to detect rocket roll and its data will be fed to a microprocessor which will perform the calculations needed to provide the proper command to the motor controller in order to null the roll. A control algorithm, such as proportional integral derivative (PID), will be used to control the system to minimize any jitter and guard against any system instability. The PID algorithm is widely used in many control systems for optimum control and can be tuned to eliminate overshoot and oscillation and can be designed to eliminate potential instability. Simulation of the PID algorithm with the roll physics of the reaction wheel / rocket can be done on a computer which will allow tuning of the PID algorithm to provide optimum response. Analytical solutions of the system can be solved by using Laplace transforms to gain insight to potential instabilities of the system and their resolution if necessary. 42

43 4.1.e.3 Block Diagram of RRCS and Design 43

44 The block diagram above depicts how the payload will be structured inside the rocket airframe. The two pictures above depict the payload used last year. We will make a few adjustments to it, including modifications to the dimensions of the payload, the motor controller that we will use, and the batteries that will power it. Different platforms will be oriented so that electronic components are stable during the launch process. These platforms, along with the payload mechanisms, would be placed into a frame that slides into the rocket payload section and is secured with screws. The motor driven wheel, or flywheel, will be spun by an electric motor controlled by a microprocessor and an electronic speed controller (ESC). The flywheel will be constructed in such a way that it can exhibit the highest amount of rotational inertia possible while possessing a safe margin of material thickness strength to prevent disintegration of the flywheel material due to rotational motion. The mass of the flywheel is primarily determined by the constraints of the rocket mass and the total impulse available to reach the target altitude of 1 mile. The mass of the flywheel from last year was roughly 2 pounds (or 0.9 kg). The new flywheel will have the 44

45 dimensions of 12.7cm in length and 7.62cm in diameter. Currently, we are intending on doubling the mass of the wheel the same but keeping the width of the wheel approximately 3 inches in diameter (or 7.62 cm). This will almost double the moment of inertia of the flywheel. The dimensions of the flywheel may be subject to change in order to increase the moment of inertia, and for more effective stabilization of the rocket. The flywheel will be balanced on an apparatus which measures rotational position with radial force sensors in contact with the flywheel axle to detect a possible imbalance. Any imbalance will be corrected by calculating the amount of mass either to be removed or added and location needed for dynamic balance by the magnitude of force and its position, identical to that done when balancing wheels for an automobile. We are switching to a different motor controller this year. Instead of the Phoenix Edge HV 40, we will being using a VESC motor controller. This new motor controller is an Open Source ESC which allows us extra flexibility in changing the program to fit our needs. It should be quicker to respond compared to the one from last year and able to control torque and change the speed of the motor s rotation more effectively. The board is approximately 40mm by 80mm. The kit for the motor controller is slightly more challenging to assemble, so we are planning on purchasing three kits to account for mistakes. We are switching from a speed oriented control to a torque controlled system. We will be using the same motor from last year. The electric motor is a considerable component of the RRCS as the RPMs must be variable at different times of the flight. We are using a Turnigy Kv brushless motor for the RRCS that can accelerate up to 5,000 RPM. In a brushless motor, the permanent magnets are on the rotor and the electromagnets are stationary on the stator. The motor is controlled by varying a voltage through the electromagnets. The electricity charges up the electromagnets, which causes the shaft to turn as a result of the attraction and repulsion of the magnets. The shaft can spin at high speeds and change speeds easily by changing the average voltage applied to the electromagnets, allowing the microprocessor to quickly adjust the spin of the rocket. Brushless motors take some time in order to start from a standstill and thus, the motor has to be running prior to launch. The batteries used to power the motor last year were 6 cell batteries with 24 volts of power. During the final flight last year, which took place shortly after the Huntsville launch, we used 2 batteries that each had 4 cells in a series instead. This equaled out to about 32 volts and this increased voltage allows the motor to spin up to 5000 RPM. 45

46 4.1.e.4 Payload Flight Data from last year The graph above was obtained from the final flight last year. The gray sine curve represents the target rotational position of the rocket that we were trying to achieve. The payload was able to match the target position accurately during flywheel acceleration but struggled to do so while slowing down due to the lack of brakes in the motor controller. The payload was unable to keep up with the speed of the rocket s spin after 10 seconds, causing the rocket s rotation to greatly deviate from the target. Increasing the moment of inertia and torque of the flywheel should help solve this problem and cancel out the spin. We are adding a braking function with the new controller to address this problem. The electronic brake will allow us to slow the rotation of the motor (represented by the blue line in the graph above) using more than just friction, which will allow us to adjust the rotation position of the rocket to more closely resemble the target position. 4.1.e.5 Inflatable Location Device Diagram and Candidate Plans (Please see the Rocket Design ( 4.1.a ) for the location of the balloon in the rocket.) The Inflatable Location Device (ILD) consists primarily of an inflated helium balloon. The current plans are to have the balloon inside the nose cone. We are thinking of having multiple small balloons tied to an approximately 8 foot long fishing line. If the multiple small, normal, round helium balloons will not fit in the nose cone, we will switch to using long skinny helium party balloons. 46

47 The main approach at this time is to inflate the balloons prior to launch and then put them in the rocket. The balloons will be tied to the shock cord with multiple secure knots and released with the parachutes. When the rocket lands, the helium balloons will continue to float above the rocket, with their tether to the shock cord preventing the balloons from floating away, allowing our members to more easily locate it. The primary concern of this plan is that the balloons may pop during flight due to either the change in pressure or the forces acting on the balloons. The pressure inside the rocket should not change significantly and normal helium balloons can survive up to from 5 miles before popping, so the likelihood of the balloons popping from changes in pressure is not very high. Other concerns are that inflated balloons small enough to fit inside the rocket will not be able to lift the weight of an 8 foot long fishing line, and that the balloons will not be sturdy enough to survive the forces acting on them as they fall with the rocket. The backup method, if the primary method does not succeed, is to inflate a single, larger balloon after launch. The backup method will likely pose a significant challenge. This method necessitates inflating and sealing a balloon remotely with a helium cartridge. We will have to be able to ensure that there will not be a premature or significantly delayed release of helium, and find a way to make a balloon reliably seal itself as it inflates. There are self sealing water balloons that are able seal themselves due to the mass of water. We will try to manipulate the same concept to seal our helium balloons, but this will likely be difficult to accomplish due to the low density of helium gas. We will likely be unable to rely on the mass of the gas as a way to produce the desired outcome and will have to program and develop a system that will remotely inflate the balloon. This proposed plan consists of having sensors inside the rocket that will detect when the rocket has landed and reached an elevation of 0, which will then cause a microcomputer or another electronic device to trigger the helium cartridges placed inside the rocket to inflate a balloon before sealing, tying the fishing line, and releasing the balloon. 4.1.e.6 Candidate Method Evaluation Plan for the ILD The process of choosing which method to use for the ILD will involve focusing on testing the primary proposed method to see if it will meet a certain set of criteria. If the criteria is met, we will proceed with the primary proposed plan. If the primary plan does not work, we will attempt to develop the backup method. The primary proposed method will be chosen if it meets a certain set of requirements. Firstly, helium balloons small enough to fit inside the nose cone will need to be able to float and lift up 8 feet of fishing line that is tied to them. The balloons also need to be able to survive the conditions during flight without popping. If the balloons are unable to survive the flight, we will be forced to find some way to inflate the balloons after landing. If that is the case, we will use our backup method plan. 47

48 4.1.e.7 Ground Testing After rebuilding the reaction wheel with the taller flywheel and new motor controller, we will need to test the wheel assembly in two stages. The rotational sensor system will be retested to confirm its ability to detect rocket roll with minimal error. This will be accomplished by use of a rotational dynamics platform that has a direct angular position sensor which will be compared to the output of the gyro rate sensor measurements that are integrated with time to give angular position. The reaction wheel s abilities will be tested after we add the new motor controller and flywheel to the roll control system. The primary method of testing will involve using a rotational dynamics platform set to a desired torque level, equivalent to what could be expected on the rocket during flight. The reaction wheel will be placed on the platform, and we will drop a weight producing a known torque to turn the platform, and run to see if it can counteract the torque produced by the spinning platform. Then we will place the sensor on the platform and turn it to test if it can detect the angular position correctly. The apparatus would be used to see if it could properly detect angular velocity, angular acceleration and angular position. The ultimate goal of the accelerometer system is to accurately detect angular acceleration in the rocket and command the reaction wheel assembly to either speed up or slow down in order to counteract the acceleration. The apparatus that will be used to test the reaction wheel assembly and gyro rate sensor is shown in the diagram below. 48

49 The assembly will consist of a rotating platform mounted atop an angular position sensor and horizontal pulley. A string extends out from that pulley, goes around a vertical pulley, and attaches to the falling mass used to produce the known acceleration values during test runs. The testing apparatus will be connected to a computer data collection system called DataStudio. DataStudio will be used to collect and process the data obtained. Data processing includes differentiating the angular position data to give angular velocity and differentiating again to get angular acceleration. The ILD will be tested in the laboratory at Jordan High School. Small helium balloons will be inflated with a helium tank up to the maximum size of 3.5inches wide in diameter. Balloons any wider will not fit inside the nosecone. The balloons will be tied to a 8 foot long thin fishing line and tested to see if it will float. The balloons will be subjected to harsher conditions that may result in it popping; our primary concern being the change in pressure and forces acting on the balloon. Since we can not manipulate the air pressure in the surrounding area, we will simulate it by using changes in temperature. Using the ideal gas law, we will calculate the changes in temperature necessary to be equivalent to the changes in pressure during flight and observe how much the balloon expands and if it will pop. Then we will calculate the force on the balloon as it falls with the rocket after the parachutes are released. We will then apply that force to the balloon and experiment to discover if the balloon will be able to survive those forces. 49

50 4.1.f Vehicle, Recovery System and Payload Requirements JHSRT will meet all primary requirements in the Statement of Work for Middle/High School in the 2015 NASA SL Handbook. Most notable among them include the requirements for dual altimeters; EMI shielding for recovery electronics; the ability of the rocket to remain on the launch pad, armed, for one hour prior to launch; shear pins in both deployments in the airframe; and magnetic arming switched for all electronics. To address these requirements concisely, we include the following numbered list, matching the requirements in the Statement of Work: Vehicle Requirements 1.1 Our simulations show the rocket will be subsonic and a motor and ballast will be chosen to reach as close to 5280 feet AGL as possible, but not go over. 1.2 Our rocket will utilize two Featherweight Raven3 altimeters with Raven Perches, whose readings will be used in the scoring of our rocket s flight altitude. 1.3 The airframe will be built using Blue Tube (which appears to be less susceptible to shattering than phenolic) and use a proven recovery system (used in JHSRT s previous SLI rocket) to slow impact velocity to ensure reusability. 1.4 We will have three tethered sections: the nose cone, parachute bays, and fin section (containing the payload). 1.5 The rocket will be single stage and use a single motor. 1.6 We will be able to prepare the rocket for launch in under two hours with the following steps, most of which can be performed concurrently, with the exception of final assembly Charge and install batteries Prepare black powder ejection charges Prepare payload Pack parachutes prepare and mount video cameras Start GPS transmitter Build motor Assemble rocket 1.7 The estimated battery life of all recovery electronics in the rocket are in excess of 6 hours. We shall design the reaction wheel payload to be able to run autonomously for at least 1 hour or have a remote control to spin up the wheel just before launch. 1.8 The rocket will use the manufacturer recommended First Fire igniters or equivalent Magnelite igniters, both of which are 12V actuated. 1.9 All equipment is self powered, the payload turned on ahead of time, and the recovery 50

51 altimeters are turned on at pad using magnetic switches when rocket is in the vertical orientation. Depending on our choice of reaction wheel in the payload we may need to use a radio control to start the wheel just before launch to minimize the size of the motor batteries We will use reloadable motors, for which Dave Morey will loan us the 75/2560 case. We can use compatible Aerotech or Cessaroni reloads Pressure vessels. A small 95cc helium cylinder may be used to inflate the ILD. Its burst strength is about 3 times higher than its loaded pressure We plan on using a single K motor We plan on a 2.15 subscale rocket (53%) that should fit the FAA Class 1 definition. It will be aerodynamically similar to the full scale, but it will not have a payload. It will use a single Raven for dual deployment. We plan to fly it at our Bahama, NC launch site. Ballast will be used to match the CG to the expected CG of the full scale rocket We anticipate at least two test flights of the full scale rocket at the Bayboro, NC launch site. We will verify the two hour build time and one hour on pad compliance All flights of the full scale rocket will include the full redundant dual deploy recovery system The first full scale flight will include an operating payload. The second flight will be used to adjust the ballast to achieve a 5280 foot apogee. Both flights will have two onboard 808 keychain video cameras The motor chosen to reach 5280 feet will be used for all test flights Flight results will be used to refine the C D used in the simulations. The second and subsequent test flights will take refined drag simulations into account to refine the ballast to tune the maximum altitude to just below 5280 feet After the full scale demonstration flights, we will not modify the rocket without the concurrence of the NASA Range Safety Officer (RSO) We will not use any of the prohibited designs. Recovery System Requirements 2.1 We will dual deploy a two foot drogue at apogee, then a seven foot main at about 500 feet, with 30 foot nylon shock cords tethering each section. This is a proven design and the same components that we used for our previous SLI rocket. 2.2 We will ground test the ejection charges for both rockets at Mr. Morey s yard or the Bahama, NC launch site. 51

52 2.3 Our largest section of about 9 lbs, which must impact the ground at less than 23 fps to have less than the maximum kinetic energy of 75 ft lbf. Our empirical data from previous JHSRT (as DART) SLI flights shows a descent rate of 15 fps. We will be using the same parachute and have approximately the same mass as the previous JHSRT (as DART) SLI rocket. 2.4 The recovery electronics and payload will be physically separated and not share any electrical components. 2.5 The recovery system will use two Featherweight Raven3 altimeters with Raven Perches, each with independent batteries, processors, and independent ejection charges. Same as we used in our previous SLI rocket. 2.6 Motor ejection will not be utilized as a form of primary or secondary deployment in our rocket. 2.7 We will use independent magnetically actuated arming switches. 2.8 Independent batteries are used for each Raven. 2.9 Unless disturbed by a rather powerful magnet, the magnetic arming switch will stay armed. The arming switches will be about 57 inches from the base of the launch vehicle We will use two to four #2 56 nylon screws as shear pins to secure both parachute bays. The precise number will depend on empirical test results We will use a Big Red Bee GPS transmitter on the 70cm amateur radio band transmitting Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) data via the AX.25 protocol to determine the location of the launch vehicle after recovery. The GPS transmitted is installed in a bay in the nose cone We have no untethered airframe sections The recovery altimeters will be about 26 inches away from the GPS transmitter in a separate compartment. They will be about 16 inches from the reaction wheel. The reaction wheel motor and controller may generate significant RF noise. We will perform a ground test with the Ravens on, GPS transmitter at maximum power, and the reaction wheel operating. Separation distances will be varied during the tests. Payload Requirements 3.1 Attempt to minimize/eliminate rotation of the rocket using a reaction wheel to make a more stable video platform. Challenges include developing a control algorithm and hardware components that can detect and absorb angular momentum changes. 3.2 Ground and flight tests will be made to refine the control algorithm and hardware components to try to minimize rolling. 3.3 Not applicable. 52

53 3.4 Not applicable. 3.5 We see no reason we should not be able to launch the payload many times in one day. Charging batteries or switching to a different battery pack is all that should be required. Safety Requirements 4.1 The team will develop checklists starting from the ones used in previous SLI experience. 4.2 Emma will be responsible for checklists and other safety items in Dave Morey is the team s mentor. 4.5 Dave Morey is often the RSO at the Bayboro launch field and believes the NASA SLI requirements are above and beyond what is normally required for the demonstration launch. Dave Morey will notify the club prefect of our intentions. 4.1.g Major Technical Challenges and Solutions The major challenge faced by JHSRT is the difficulty of constructing a working payload. We are using a different motor controller this year, which may present some technical challenges. We will have to program this motor controller, which will be different from the programming challenges that we faced last year. Previously, the motor controller operated using a motor speed interface, whereas the controller that we plan on using this year will utilize a torque interface. We will have to learn how to program this new motor controller so that it will function properly with our payload. We will accomplish this by working to learn the necessary programming skills from our mentors who have programming experience (see Appendix A ). Beyond programing and math, the flywheel creates potential physical hurdles. Given the weight and the potentially high operational RPM (i.e. angular momentum) of the flywheel, there is some element of unpredictability associated with the operation of the flywheel. As such, extreme caution will need to be practiced in the construction and alignment of the flywheel. Spending extra time ensuring a safe housing for the flywheel will be of key importance. This will be challenging, but working collaboratively will ensure success. The primary method for the balloon component of the payload (i.e. inflating the balloon prior to launch) does not pose many major technical challenges other than ensuring that the balloon is able to fit inside of the rocket once inflated (for this reason, a long and thin balloon may be used) and preventing damage to the balloon during flight. It is for this reason that this is considered the more ideal of the two candidate methods. If we use the backup method for the balloon component of the payload (i.e. inflating the balloon at around the time of landing), there may be more technical challenges. It would be necessary 53

54 to remotely inflate and seal a balloon, which would require knowledge and experience that we currently lack. To overcome these difficulties, we will work with our mentors who have the programming and physics knowledge that will allow us to accomplish this (see Appendix A ). Design and construction of the rocket will not pose much difficulty because it is based on an already proven design that the team used in a previous NASA SLI. However, some members of the team would like to learn how to build composite fins (end grain balsa and carbon fiber). Mr. Morey, who has extensive experience in this area, will teach us. To overcome the difficulty of the payload, JHSRT will begin payload construction on day one, factoring in time for significant changes to the design of the payload such as flywheel and controller changes and changing from one candidate method for the inflatable location device to the other (if necessary). Testing will be done on the ground with Dr. LaCosse s torque generating platform. 54

55 5 Educational Engagement 5.1 Hands On Educational Project We hope that JHSRT will be able to further enthusiasm for STEM related fields for middle school students in the Durham area. To do so, we will contact local middle schools science teachers about interest in JHSRT presentations to interest students in rocketry and in STEM classes before they get to high school. This is a continuation of similar activities in the last two years. JHSRT also plans to continue to participate in the Astronomy Days program at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh, North Carolina. Astronomy Days is an annual two day festival that brings visitors from around the state to exhibitors in Raleigh. Last year, NASA and the Raleigh Astronomy Club were official sponsors. The dates of this program are January 30 31, We partner with Tripoli East North Carolina, which has had a rocketry display at Astronomy Days for many years. We plan to exhibit our rockets and display materials related to our projects and to reach out to middle school students and inform them about TARC, NASA SL and rocketry in general. Total attendance for this program is approximately 10,000 people. From this audience, we believe we will be able to reach at least 100 middle school students. As for our on site middle school activity, we have previously displayed our high power model rocket and explained what JHSRT is and what we do in order to cater to the other age groups present at the event. For the hands on activity, we have in the past constructed air pressure paper rockets in which students change the launch angle and pressure to correctly get the bottle rocket to a specific destination; for example a bucket or through a hoop. This activity is relatively inexpensive and students will handle only household materials. Until we know the amount of space and resources available to us, which will be given by our host at the time, we plan to account for both large and small areas to work with the activity. The team plans on visiting Githens Middle School, Rogers Herr Middle School, and Creekside Elementary School over the course of the year. We will showcase our rocket and talk about our projects, engaging the students and hopefully encouraging some to pursue rocketry and other science related activities in the future. We also plan on going to Morehead Planetarium and Science Center in Chapel Hill, NC, and Museum of Life and Science in Durham, NC to inform others about what we do. 55

56 6 Project Plan 6.1 Top Level Timeline Event Date Internal JHSRT Deadline Request for Proposal: August 7, 2015 One electronic copy of proposal September 11, 2015 due to NASA by 5:00 PM Central Time Proposal completed by September 9, 2015 Schools notified of selection October 2, 2015 Launch at Bayboro, NC October 10 11, 2015 Launch at Bayboro, NC October 24 25, 2015 Web Presence Established October 23, 2015 Web presence established by October 20, 2015 PDR materials posted on website by 8:00 AM Central Time November 6, 2015 Materials completed and posted by November 3, 2015 PDR Presentations November 9 20, 2015 Practice presentations by November 7, 2015 Launch at Bayboro, NC November 21 22, 2015 Launch at Bayboro, NC CDR reports, presentation slides, and flysheet posted on the team Web site by 8:00 AM Central Time. December 19 20, 2015 January 15, 2016 Materials completed and posted by January 12, 2016 CDR presentations January 19 29, 2016 Practice presentations and prep done by January 17, 2016 Astronomy Days (Outreach) January 30 31, 2016 All necessary materials for presentation at Astronomy Days prepared by January 25, 2016 Launch at Bayboro, NC To Be Determined (in January 2016) Launch at Bayboro, NC FRR reports, presentation slides, and flysheet posted on the team To Be Determined (in February 2016) March 14, 2016 Last opportunity for launch before FRR. Materials completed and posted by March 11,

57 Web site by 8:00 AM Central Time. FRR Presentations March 17 30, 2016 Practice presentations and prep done by March 15, 2016 Launch at Bayboro, NC To Be Determined (in March 2016) Travel to Huntsville April 13, 2016 Launch Day April 16, 2016 Backup Launch Day April 17, 2016 PLAR posted on team Web site by 8:00 AM Central Time April 29, 2016 Materials completed and posted by April 26, 2016 We must start improving the reaction wheel portion of the payload immediately, as it must be modified significantly to adjust for the new motor controller being used and changes in the design of the rocket. The candidate methods for the balloon must be tested to determine which is most viable as soon as possible. We should strive for a working, ground tested payload before CDR. Subscale design and construction can start immediately and it should be flight tested by CDR. Full scale construction should be complete by the Bayboro launch in January 2015 so it can be flight tested (without payload) at that launch. If the payload is ready, we can fly it again with the payload. Flights with payload should be completed at the February Bayboro launch. 6.2 Budget The project budget is included in Appendix D: Budget. Items with a cost of 0 have been generously donated or are already owned and on loan from team members. 6.3 Funding Plan A total of $2,600 dollars is left over from last year s budget, all of which can be used towards expenses this year. Also, a very generous donation of $5,000 was made out to the team this past summer. As of now, $500 of this will be put towards the NASA SL budget costs. The remaining amount will be used to purchase a number of tools for the Jordan Physics Lab, the first of which being a 3D printer. The 3D printer would be located at Jordan High School, for the rocketry team to use at their discretion. Other needed tools and hardware would purchased with these funds as well. 57

58 Additional funding or donations of needed equipment, supplies or transportation will be solicited from Durham area companies, alumni from team member schools, parent organizations, grants and fundraising activities. Last year, the team used the online organization GoFundMe in order to pay for transportation costs, and this resource can be utilized again this year. 6.4 Community Support JHSRT plans to seek academic discounts from vendors who will supply materials for this project. JHSRT also plans to use the physics laboratory and equipment at JHS, to test the payload components and to serve as a secondary meeting location. Mr. Morey has graciously offered his shop and tools for certain parts of the rocket construction. JHSRT will also seek donations of equipment, supplies or transportation from vendors. In the 2013 SLI, JHSRT (as DART) was the recipient of some equipment and team shirts from vendors and an area company. This year, JHS has also received a donation of $5,000 towards capital equipment needed for rocketry operations. There is early indication the same donor is prepared to donate another $5,000 to purchase additional fabrication equipment. JHSRT will also contact local news media outlets and ask the media companies for assistance in the promotion of JHSRT to the community for whatever support they can provide. So far JHSRT has $3,100 from donations and leftover funds from last year s NASA SL which will be applied to this year s operations. The remainder of the funds or other resources needed will be from private and public donations. JHSRT also plans to have one or more fundraisers to raise the rest of the funds we need. JHSRT plans to identify potential sponsors and then sending a letter to each potential donor asking for financial support. JHSRT will be sending them to local companies, like The Q Shack, and corporate companies like HHGregg and the large number of high technology firms that are located in the Durham area. Individuals will come up with the remainder of funds needed for the program. 6.5 JHSRT Sustainability JHSRT (as DART) is four years old and has participated in NASA SLI 2013 and in the Federation of Galaxy Explorers Battle of the Rockets Planetary Rover event in We simultaneously entered TARC in The team (as DART) participated in last year s 2015 NASA SL program. This year we are proposing a project for NASA SL and will also enter the TARC competition again. Three teams from JHS are entering TARC this year, and hope to be in the finals in May to try for requalification for future NASA SL events. 58

59 Leadership has been successfully passed from senior to junior members three times. We actively seek out new members each year to replace graduating students. The team has displays at school club fairs to garner new interest and has made presentations to school boards to garner support for our activities. The team has successfully recruited a number of freshmen and sophomore students to ensure continuity in JHSRT. The team has engaged Middle School students in rocketry activities. We have built some air pressure paper rocket launchers. A bicycle pump is used to pressurize a chamber and launch the paper rockets. The launch angle and air pressure is adjustable, allowing the students to explore the effects on the motion of the rockets. We contact local Middle School Science teachers to see if they are interested in our demonstrations. The team also exhibits with the Tripoli East North Carolina prefecture at Astronomy Days at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences each year. We display our projects and try to engage young students and get them interested in rocketry. About 10,000 people attend Astronomy Days over a single weekend. Other members are recruited from the Jordan High School Physics program. (JHS AP Physics students enter TARC as a part of Dr. LaCosse s curriculum.) We also invite students from other local schools that have active TARC teams. JHSRT hopes to become a regular fixture in the Durham area. To maintain participation from successive classes, we plan on participating in club fairs at schools who sent students to JHSRT the previous year. Each year, schools allow clubs to display what they have to offer to the entire school in a single event. This year, the club fair at NCSSM was very successful, garnering participation from eight new students. As a team we encourage the students who will not be graduating in the immediate year to further the program and grow into leadership roles. Last year, Jordan won an award for best website design, despite the award not originally being a high school award, and we plan on continuing this success. Our website will feature separate tabs, one for each year of NASA Student Launch participation, as well as a blog, updated weekly, describing the team s progress as the year goes on. General team information and community events will also be included. The funding picture for JHSRT appears healthy for the immediate future.the team has secured a very promising amount of funds for use this year, and other donors have expressed interest in contributing to our efforts. We do not currently have institutional or industrial partnerships beyond JHSRT itself. Though Tripoli Each North Carolina we have a strong relationship with the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, the institution responsible for hosting and running Astronomy Days,. We plan to continue our participation in the event and share rocketry activities with participants in the Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill area. 59

60 Appendix A: Resumes Dave Morey NAR/TRA Mentor 6817 Huntingridge Road Chapel Hill, NC (919) NAR #17918, L2 TRA #8115, L2 Retired My profession was Software Engineering, specializing in compiler, benchmark and display driver development. Last employed as a Senior Systems Software Engineer by NVIDIA Corp. in Durham, NC. I received a B.S. in Computer Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in I have been a born again rocketeer since April of I received a Level 2 certification in December of I ve been flying rockets with dual deployment since November of 2000 and have made hundreds of such flights. The largest rocket I ve flown was 6 diameter, 7 feet tall, 25 pounds with an L850. People are surprised when I fly a simple rocket with one motor and motor ejection. Normally I fly clusters, air starts, two stage, or camera rockets. I ve mentored many TARC teams in the central North Carolina area every year since the first TARC as well as JHSRT since its inception. Jeffrey Paul LaCosse jeffrey.lacosse@dpsnc.net Telephone: (919) (cell) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Science and Mathematics Instructor, Jordan High School, Durham, NC (2011 present) Physics, AP Physics C: Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism Instructor. Focus on modeling and project based instruction. Instructor, Duke University Master of Arts in Teaching Program (Fall 2014, Spring 2010) Mentor teacher for a Duke MAT student in physics and mathematics. 60

61 National Science Foundation Research Experience for Teachers Fellow (Summer 2015) Biophysics research in the Patek Laboratory at Duke University. Kenan Fellow, North Carolina State University ( ) Project: Scientific Principles of Engine Assembly, externship at General Electric Aviation, Durham Engine Assembly Plant, Durham, NC. Instructor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill BEST Program (Spring 2011) Mentor teacher for a UNC CH BEST student in physics. Director, Durham Public Schools Scientifica Program ( ) Direct and coordinate activities for the Scientifica program, an extracurricular high school science enrichment program. Science and Mathematics Instructor, Durham School of the Arts, Durham, NC ( ) Instructor in AP Physics C (mechanics) and Physics, utilizing Modeling Instruction and project based learning. Science and Mathematics Instructor, South Granville School of Health and Life Sciences, Creedmoor, NC ( ) Curriculum utilized inquiry and project based learning methodology. School is part of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation New Schools Project located at the South Granville High School campus. Instructor in Chemistry, UNCG ischool Chemistry, Earth Science, Pre Calculus, Algebra I. Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (2007) UNCG CHE 111/112 ischool instructor at the South Granville High School campus. Science and Mathematics Instructor, South Granville High School, Creedmoor, NC ( ) Courses taught: Geometry, Earth Science and Algebra IA using project based learning methodology. President and Principal Scientist, Spectral Insights LLC, Durham, NC ( ) Air quality measurements business specializing in spectroscopic test methods. Educate air quality measurements community on the theory and application of spectroscopic test methods. Senior Scientist, Eastern Research Group/Radian International LLC, Lead scientist in development and application of spectroscopic air quality measurement methods. Educate air quality measurements community on the theory and application of spectroscopic test methods. First Lieutenant, United States Army Chemical Corps,

62 Graduated from the Chemical Officer Basic Course (84th Chemical Battalion) in preparation for deployment to Iraq. Assistant Operations Officer, 44th Chemical Battalion, Illinois Army National Guard. Teaching Assistant, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Teaching assistant for undergraduate general and physical chemistry courses, including companion laboratory courses. Teaching Assistant, General Chemistry Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 1985 LICENSES Standard Professional II: Secondary Science (highly qualified), North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (Career Status) (2007 present) Standard Professional II: Secondary Mathematics (highly qualified), North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (Career Status) (2007 present) NAR Member/ NAR High Power Rocketry Certification Level 1 (2011 present) Federal Communications Commission Amateur Radio License: Amateur Extra Class (1981 present). Callsign WD9IHI Federal Communications Commission Amateur Radio License: Novice through Advanced Class ( ). Callsign WD9IHI EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry (with honor), Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, TRAINING Modeling Instruction in Physics, North Carolina State University, July 2009 (Mechanics) and July 2010 (Electromagnetics), AP Physics Workshop, University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa), July AWARDS / GRANTS Jordan High School Teacher of the Month (February 2015) David Green Teaching Award (2014) Burroughs Wellcome PRISM Award (2012, 2014) National Association of Rocketry Cannon Award (2012) Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory: Plasma Physics Education Award (2012) Other awards and grants prior to

63 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING/CONTROL SYSTEM EXPERIENCE 1985: Utilized MSDOS BASIC to develop curve fitting programs for undergraduate research on an IBM PC : Wrote numerous FORTRAN programs for data processing, spectral simulation, non linear function fitting and data collection software for a molecular beam laser depletion apparatus. Programmed time critical sections of data collection code in assembler on Digital PDP 11/23+ and PDP 11/73 microcomputers (16 bit machines). Gained much experience in designing programs that use memory swapping to overcome limitations in operating in a 64KB address space. Also wrote graphics code to be used with the Tektronix 4014 graphics terminal to display multiple spectra : Wrote FORTRAN with time critical assembler code for Intel 486 Pentium class processors running Windows (98/XP). Code was for real time spectral simulation needed for accurate quantitation of spectral data collected in the field : Write Visual Basic data collection programs used on Windows 98/XP machines which controlled Nicolet Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers with associated temperature control systems used in the field. Utilized and optimized PID control algorithms to control gas cell temperature under varying heating loads to get control to within 0.1 percent of target. Modeled system on a computer and also used Laplace transforms to model system before implementation and to determine optimum PID operating parameters present: VPython code to model electric fields around various charge distributions for AP Physics C Electricity and Magnetism. Trained students in rudimentary code writing for student assignment to write their own code calculating electric field lines as an assignment : Currently learning Microchip PIC processor programming for designing a rocket borne experimental platform that uses interchangeable sensors for flexible experimentation and eventual use for multi staging rockets and dual deployment use Developed VPython software to simulate the mantis shrimp strike mechanics. COMMUNITY SERVICE Team Adminstrator, Durham Area Rocketry Team/Jordan High School Rocketry Team (2011 present) Team America Rocketry Challenge (TARC) Coach, Durham School of the Arts (DSA) ( ) CE Jordan High School team (2011 present) Radio and Electronics Club Advisor, Durham School of the Arts ( ), Jordan High 63

64 School (2012 present) Science Olympiad Assistant Coach, Durham School of the Arts ( ), Jordan High School (2012 present) Video Game Club Advisor, Durham School of the Arts ( ) Technology First Responder, Granville County Schools ( ) Webmaster, South Granville School of Health and Life Sciences ( ) Advisor, South Granville Amateur Radio Club: Radio Callsign KI4NJP ( ) SELECTED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS (Note: papers with URL references given are valid links as of 3/2011.) Susan Christopher, Lawrence Kupper and Jeffrey LaCosse. Towards Ending the Debate on Special Relativity, Physics Essays 28, 128(2015). Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Using Modeling Instruction in Physics, University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) BEST Physics and Astronomy Symposium Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Teaching Physics of the Jet Engine, North Carolina Science Teachers Association Annual Meeting, Jeffrey P. LaCosse and Charles Payne. Using Modeling Instruction in Physics, Durham Public Schools Science Teacher Workshop, August Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Development of a FTIR Continuous Emission Monitor (CEM) for Accurate Engine and Turbine Emission Monitoring, 2004 Gas Machinery Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Improvement of FTIR Detection Limits in Natural Gas Fired Turbine Exhaust Streams, Spectral Insights LLC Internal Research Report (2002). Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Accurate, Real Time HAPS and Criteria Emissions Measurement Using FTIR Spectroscopy. Presented at the ASME ICED 2001 Spring Technical Conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Introduction to Engine Emission Measurements Using FTIR Spectroscopy (EPA Method 320). Presented at the GMC 2000 Gas Machinery Conference, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Paper is available at: 64

65 Jeffrey P. LaCosse. QA/QC Considerations in Generating FTIR Reference Spectra. Presented at the 55th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Theoretical Considerations in Dynamic Spiking of Reactive Sample Matrices. Presented at the Air and Waste Management Association National Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, Jeffrey P. LaCosse and Susan Thorneloe. Development of a Real Time Emission Rate Measurement Method using Open Path FTIR Spectroscopy. Presented at the Atmospheric Nitrogen Workshop, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Various Topics in the Application of FTIR Spectroscopy to Source Measurements. Presented at the Stationary Source Sampling and Analysis for Air Pollutants XXIII Conference, Ventura, California, Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Topics in the Application of FTIR Spectroscopy to Combustion Measurements. Presented at the GRI Gas Industry Air Toxics Conference, San Antonio, Texas, Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Topics in Extractive FTIR Spectroscopy. Presented at the Stationary Source Sampling and Analysis for Air Pollutants XXII Conference, March 1998, Palm Coast, FL. Bart Eklund and Jeffrey LaCosse. Field Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emission Rates and Development of Emission Factors for Wastewater Treatment. US EPA National Risk Management Laboratory Report EPA/600/SR 97/094, January Available at Jeffrey P. LaCosse and Gunseli Sagun Shareef. Extractive FTIR Spectroscopy: Applications in Combustion Source Measurements. Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Symposium, May 1996, Research Triangle Park, NC. J.P. LaCosse, T.J. Selegue, J.T. Bursey, J.F. McGaughey, R.G. Merrill, Jr. and J. Knoll. Validation of an Optical Method for High Levels of Phenolics. Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Symposium, May 1996, Research Triangle Park, NC. David J. Funk, Richard C. Oldenborg, Dave Paul Dayton, Jeffrey P. LaCosse, Jeffrey A. Draves, and Thomas J. Logan. Gas Phase Absorption and Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Representative Polychlorinated Dibenzo p dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon. Applied Spectroscopy 49:105 (1995). Abstract at: a s.org/journal/95/asv49n1/asv49n1_sp8.html. L.D. Ogle, G. S. Shareef, and J.P. LaCosse. EPA Method 301 Validation of Fourier Transform 65

66 Infrared Spectroscopy of a Natural Gas Fired Internal Combustion Engine. Gas Research Institute Publication GRI 95/271. (1995) L.D. Ogle, J.P. LaCosse, L.M. Campbell, G. S. Shareef, and J.E. Evans. Characterization of Air Toxic Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines at a Transmission Station. Presented at the Air Toxics Workshop with help from Gas Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, April J.P. LaCosse, W.F. Herget, and R.L. Spellicy. Measurements of Ambient CS 2 Concentrations Using FTIR Spectroscopy. Proceedings of the Optical Sensing for Environmental Monitoring Symposium, Air and Waste Management Association, Atlanta, Ga., October J.A. Draves, J.P. LaCosse, D.M. Hull, and R.L. Spellicy. A Comparison of Open Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry with Conventional Ambient Air Monitoring Methods. Optical Remote Sensing and Applications to Environmental and Industrial Safety Problems, Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association SP 81, 252 (1992). Jeffrey P. LaCosse. Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Hydrogen Bonded Complexes in the 10 micron region, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Chemistry (1990). Jeffrey P. LaCosse and James M. Lisy. Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of (CH 3 OD) 2 and (CH 3 OH)(CH 3 OD) in the 9.6 micron region. J. Phys. Chem., 94:4564 (1990). D.E. Burnholdt, J.D. Irwin, J.P. LaCosse, S.K. Loushin, K.J. Mattson, J.B. Miers, K.D. Park, L.K. Tanaka, and C.E. Dykstra. The Structures and Stabilities of H 4 C 2 N 2 Isomers. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 153:175 (1987). 66

67 Appendix B: FAA Regulations FAA 14 CFR, Subchapter F, Part 101 Title 14: Aeronautics and Space Subpart A General Applicability. (a) This part prescribes rules governing the operation in the United States, of the following: (1) Except as provided for in 101.7, any balloon that is moored to the surface of the earth or an object thereon and that has a diameter of more than 6 feet or a gas capacity of more than 115 cubic feet. (2) Except as provided for in 101.7, any kite that weighs more than 5 pounds and is intended to be flown at the end of a rope or cable. (3) Any amateur rocket except aerial firework displays. (4) Except as provided for in 101.7, any unmanned free balloon that (i) Carries a payload package that weighs more than four pounds and has a weight/size ratio of more than three ounces per square inch on any surface of the package, determined by dividing the total weight in ounces of the payload package by the area in square inches of its smallest surface; (ii) Carries a payload package that weighs more than six pounds; (iii) Carries a payload, of two or more packages, that weighs more than 12 pounds; or (iv) Uses a rope or other device for suspension of the payload that requires an impact force of more than 50 pounds to separate the suspended payload from the balloon. (b) For the purposes of this part, a gyroglider attached to a vehicle on the surface of the earth is considered to be a kite Waivers. No person may conduct operations that require a deviation from this part except under a certificate of waiver issued by the Administrator Operations in prohibited or restricted areas. No person may operate a moored balloon, kite, amateur rocket, or unmanned free balloon in a prohibited or restricted area unless he has permission from the using or controlling agency, as appropriate. 67

68 101.7 Hazardous operations. (a) No person may operate any moored balloon, kite, amateur rocket, or unmanned free balloon in a manner that creates a hazard to other persons, or their property. (b) No person operating any moored balloon, kite, amateur rocket, or unmanned free balloon may allow an object to be dropped therefrom, if such action creates a hazard to other persons or their property. Subpart C Amateur Rockets Applicability. (a) This subpart applies to operating unmanned rockets. However, a person operating an unmanned rocket within a restricted area must comply with (b)(7)(ii) and with any additional limitations imposed by the using or controlling agency. (b) A person operating an unmanned rocket other than an amateur rocket as defined in 1.1 of this chapter must comply with 14 CFR Chapter III Definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart: (a) Class 1 Model Rocket means an amateur rocket that: (1) Uses no more than 125 grams (4.4 ounces) of propellant; (2) Uses a slow burning propellant; (3) Is made of paper, wood, or breakable plastic; (4) Contains no substantial metal parts; and (5) Weighs no more than 1,500 grams (53 ounces), including the propellant. (b) Class 2 High Power Rocket means an amateur rocket other than a model rocket that is propelled by a motor or motors having a combined total impulse of 40,960 Newton seconds (9,208 pound seconds) or less. (c) Class 3 Advanced High Power Rocket means an amateur rocket other than a model rocket or high power rocket General operating limitations. (a) You must operate an amateur rocket in such a manner that it: (1) Is launched on a suborbital trajectory; (2) When launched, must not cross into the territory of a foreign country unless an agreement is in place between the United States and the country of concern; (3) Is unmanned; and (4) Does not create a hazard to persons, property, or other aircraft. (b) The FAA may specify additional operating limitations necessary to ensure that air traffic is not adversely affected, and public safety is not jeopardized Operating limitations for Class 2 High Power Rockets and Class 3 Advanced High Power Rockets. When operating Class 2 High Power Rockets or Class 3 Advanced High Power Rockets, you 68

69 must comply with the General Operating Limitations of In addition, you must not operate Class 2 High Power Rockets or Class 3 Advanced High Power Rockets (a) At any altitude where clouds or obscuring phenomena of more than five tenths coverage prevails; (b) At any altitude where the horizontal visibility is less than five miles; (c) Into any cloud; (d) Between sunset and sunrise without prior authorization from the FAA; (e) Within 9.26 kilometers (5 nautical miles) of any airport boundary without prior authorization from the FAA; (f) In controlled airspace without prior authorization from the FAA; (g) Unless you observe the greater of the following separation distances from any person or property that is not associated with the operations: (1) Not less than one quarter the maximum expected altitude; (2) 457 meters (1,500 ft.); (h) Unless a person at least eighteen years old is present, is charged with ensuring the safety of the operation, and has final approval authority for initiating high power rocket flight; and (i) Unless reasonable precautions are provided to report and control a fire caused by rocket activities ATC notification for all launches. No person may operate an unmanned rocket other than a Class 1 Model Rocket unless that person gives the following information to the FAA ATC facility nearest to the place of intended operation no less than 24 hours before and no more than three days before beginning the operation: (a) The name and address of the operator; except when there are multiple participants at a single event, the name and address of the person so designated as the event launch coordinator, whose duties include coordination of the required launch data estimates and coordinating the launch event; (b) Date and time the activity will begin; (c) Radius of the affected area on the ground in nautical miles; (d) Location of the center of the affected area in latitude and longitude coordinates; (e) Highest affected altitude; (f) Duration of the activity; (g) Any other pertinent information requested by the ATC facility Information requirements. (a) Class 2 High Power Rockets. When a Class 2 High Power Rocket requires a certificate of waiver or authorization, the person planning the operation must provide the information below on each type of rocket to the FAA at least 45 days before the proposed operation. The FAA may request additional information if necessary to ensure the proposed operations can be safely conducted. The information shall include for each type of Class 2 rocket expected to be flown: (1) Estimated number of rockets, 69

70 (2) Type of propulsion (liquid or solid), fuel(s) and oxidizer(s), (3) Description of the launcher(s) planned to be used, including any airborne platform(s), (4) Description of recovery system, (5) Highest altitude, above ground level, expected to be reached, (6) Launch site latitude, longitude, and elevation, and (7) Any additional safety procedures that will be followed. (b) Class 3 Advanced High Power Rockets. When a Class 3 Advanced High Power Rocket requires a certificate of waiver or authorization the person planning the operation must provide the information below for each type of rocket to the FAA at least 45 days before the proposed operation. The FAA may request additional information if necessary to ensure the proposed operations can be safely conducted. The information shall include for each type of Class 3 rocket expected to be flown: (1) The information requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, (2) Maximum possible range, (3) The dynamic stability characteristics for the entire flight profile, (4) A description of all major rocket systems, including structural, pneumatic, propellant, propulsion, ignition, electrical, avionics, recovery, wind weighting, flight control, and tracking, (5) A description of other support equipment necessary for a safe operation, (6) The planned flight profile and sequence of events, (7) All nominal impact areas, including those for any spent motors and other discarded hardware, within three standard deviations of the mean impact point, (8) Launch commit criteria, (9) Countdown procedures, and (10) Mishap procedures. 70

71 Appendix C: Team Safety Contract Packet NCSSM STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT The North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics is an exceptional School. Opportunities and challenges abound, allowing for the bright and dynamic people associated with the school to excel. Examples are apparent not only on special occasions, but also in daily life. The academic opportunities provide a unique and exciting learning experience in a residential setting that provides for students needs and enhances their intellectual growth. The students selected to attend the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics bring with them a variety of backgrounds and expectations. The School is committed to working cooperatively with students and their parents to create the best possible environment. A major goal of NCSSM is enabling students to live independently. NCSSM offers many opportunities for students to grow as individuals, and they will have many opportunities for greater personal responsibility. With the increase in freedom comes the challenge of making positive decisions. The NCSSM Code of Student Conduct exists to guide and inspire the entire community s decision making process. This code provides students, parents/guardians, school employees, and the public with expectations for community behavior. The NCSSM Code of Student Conduct is the commitment to follow the fundamental principles of integrity, responsibility, and respect. As community members, we agree at all times to be honest, kind, and respectful of people, property, and the free exchange of ideas. As good citizens, we will strive to reach our full potential and make NCSSM a better place. I have read, understood and agree to follow this code of conduct when participating in all NCSSM activities: Printed Student Name: Student Signature: Parent/Guardian Printed Name: Parent/Guardian Signature: Date: 71

72 LAUNCH SAFETY AGREEMENT JHSRT recognizes the absolute authority of the Range Safety Officer and the validity of his or her safety inspection. For this reason the team will submit our rocket for range safety inspection in a timely manner. We hereby agree to comply with any determination of safety provided by the Range Safety Officer. This includes an explicit understanding that the Range Safety Officer has the right to deny launch to our rocket if there is any cause for safety concern. We understand that if we do not comply with safety requirements as ordered by the Range Safety Officer that we will not be allowed to launch our rocket. Student Signature: Date: 72

73 TECHNOLOGY TOOL USE AGREEMENT To: (Parent or Guardian) Your student,, is a member of Durham Area Rocketry Team. Your student will have the opportunity to use various tools and equipment for the purpose of constructing rockets on behalf of DART/JHSRT. Appropriate instruction in the safe operation of these tools and equipment is given and close supervision is maintained at all times. Although every precaution is taken to prevent accidents, a certain risk is involved due to the nature of the class, the age of the student, and the learning environment. We are asking for your cooperation in impressing upon your child the importance of being careful, listening and following the teacher's instructions. We believe this will support the instruction that is given in school. We welcome your visit NCSSM, to the Ground Reynolds, and to the new Fabrication Lab lab to see our program. These visits may be arranged by ing Dr. Amy Sheck at sheck@ncssm.edu. Thank you very much for your help and assistance in providing your child with the "real world" experience of rocketry. ************************************************************************ I have read the above and I understand the type of program that is taking. I will stress the safety aspects of this program to my child and will encourage my child to participate fully in Durham Area Rocketry Team. Parent/Guardian Signature: Date: Home Phone: Work: Please identify any health problems which may have a bearing on your child's participation in these activities (attach additional sheets as necessary): 73

74 I agree to observe all safety rules and procedures for safe operation. I will conduct myself properly. I will wear approved eye protection as required in the lab. Student's Signature: Date: Realizing that safety is very important, I agree to: 1. Ask my teacher/mentor to approve all work that I plan to do. 2. Report all injuries, however small, immediately to my teacher/mentor. 3. Wear suitable eye protection when engaged in any activity where eye injury may occur. 4. Be sure clothes and jewelry are safe and suitable for shop work. Remove or fasten any loose clothing or jewelry such as neckties, bracelets or necklaces. Roll loose sleeves above the elbows. Keep hair away from equipment in operation (students with shoulder length hair must put up or tie back their hair.) 5. Observe rules concerning operator safety zones. 6. Cooperate with my classmates in the safe operation of my lab. 7. Caution any student I see breaking a safety rule. 8. Report to the teacher/mentor any equipment that does not seem to be working properly. 9. Keep tools and materials from projecting over the edge of benches whenever possible. 10. Use a brush or piece of wood to clear away chips of scrap material and use a rag to clean oily areas. 11. Keep the floor clean of scraps and litter. 12. Not operate any equipment while under the influence or prescription or nonprescription drugs. 13. Immediately wipe up any liquids spilled on the floor. 14. Keep bench, cabinet, and locker drawers closed and chairs/stools pushed under the tables/benches. 74

75 15. Place oily rags and other combustible materials in the marked covered metal container. 16. Exercise care in handling large, heavy, or long pieces of material. 17. Know and practice procedures to follow in case of fire, tornado, or other disaster. 18. Not handle or use any tool, project, equipment, material or supply that is not yours, unless you've received permission to do so from a teacher/mentor Student Signature: Date: 75

76 Appendix D: Budget Description Vendor Quantity Unit Cost ($) Rocket Extended Cost ($) Notes 48" long 4" diameter airframe tube Blue Tube " long 4" diameter coupler tube Blue Tube 2.0 Always Ready Rocketry Always Ready Rocketry " Ogive nose cone(3:1) Donated by Dave Morey Plastic Ring/Bulkhead material: Baltic Birch 6mmx12x24 (6) Hobbylinc /4" Plywood Fin End Grain Balsa Specialized Balsa Wood 2.50 sqft ⅜ thick Leading/Trailing edge half round hardwood Specialized Balsa Wood 2 (96in) Fin Carbon Fiber Cloth HobbyKing 2 (2m 2 ) oz 2 yards Fin Carbon Fiber Rod CSTsales 2 (96in) ⅛ 8 ft Payload and Altimeter sleds: 1/16" G 10 sheet 12x24" PT 3.0 Phenolic tube 3" x 36" Performance Hobbies Public Missiles Motor tube 3" motor retainer Aeropak RA75P (75 mm) mm motor adapter Already

77 owned by JHSRT 30' 1/2" Nylon Shock Cord Already owned by JHSRT ' with sewn end loops Raven3 Altimeters Raven Perch Altimeter batteries Ejection Charge Canisters Rail buttons 1515 Already owned by JHSRT Already owned by JHSRT Already owned by JHSRT Dog House Rocketry Dog House Rocketry Recovery Altimeter s Magnetic Arming Switch Li poly 130 mahr Battery Medium sized charge wells Pair of 1515 rail guides 7 foot main parachute Already owned by JHSRT 2 foot drogue parachute Already owned by JHSRT " Ellipsoida l chute " parachut e Nomex protection for main 12x24 & drogue 12x12 FCP 24x24 JB Weld for motor mount attachments Top Flight Recovery Lowes Home Improvement "x24" Nomex sheet oz tubes Z Poxy 30 minute 8 oz glue Hobbylinc

78 Motor Case 75mm or 54 mm K1000T P Motors Misc (U Bolts, quick links, all thread, nuts, bolts, t nuts, sandpaper, tape) Subscale 2" rocket Loaned by Dave Morey Balsa Machining Local home improvement stores, other sources Unknown at this time Motors for subscale rocket Aerotech Motor case for subscale rocket (29/40 120) Loaned by Dave Morey Spray Paint (Primer and Color) Walmart Rocket Subtotal: 1, Payload Larger Reaction Wheel 4 x 12 aluminum rod Reaction Wheel Motor (Brushless) (backup in case of damage) Motor Controller VESC Aluminum stock R/C or Robot Shops R/C or Robot Shops CPU with Gyro/Acc Sensor (backup in case of damage) Various Speed and Temp Sensors, LED, Speaker (backup in case of damage) Sparkfun PIC UAV

79 CPU Battery Motor Battery Remote Control (receiver, battery, servo switch), if needed Fan Payload (Inflatable Location Device) R/C or Robot Shops R/C or Robot Shops Already owned by JHSRT Computer Shop mm D 11 Latex Balloons Balloon Country 1 (144 ct. pack) Helium Balloon Valves (self sealing) Balloons and Weights 1 (250 ct. pack) psig Steel Helium Tank Owned by Dr. Lacosse Helium Cartridges Local vendors Fittings, regulators, pressure gauges, etc. Owned by Dr. Lacosse Payload Subtotal: 1, Tracking Payload GPS Tracking Radio Tracking Radio Ground Support Equipment Already Owned by JHSRT Owned by Dr. LaCosse Beeline GPS ft LMR 400UF Kenwood TM V71A 79

80 Mechanical Hardware Local home improvement stores, other sources Tracking Payload Subtotal: Travel Hotel Rooms (4x4 Nights) Vehicle Rental (5 Days) * Travel Subtotal: Total Cost: Fund Raising Carryover from Capital Cost Contribution from Donor Left to Raise: 1,

81 Appendix E: MSDSs 81

82 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 1 Product Identification PRODUCT NAME: PRODUCT CODE: SYNONYM/CROSS REFERENCE: COMPANY: J-B Weld, J-B Professional (Resin) 8265, 8265S, 8265SF, 8280, 7265S Epoxy Paste Resin J-B Weld Company P.O. Box Como Street Sulphur Springs, TX Tel: (903) Fax: (903) SECTION 2 Hazard Identification Potential Health Effects EYE: May cause moderate eye irritation. SKIN: Has caused allergic skin reactions in humans. A single exposure not likely to cause skin irritation. Prolonged and repeated contact may cause skin irritation with local redness. INGESTION: Very low toxicity if swallowed. Harmful effects not anticipated from swallowing small amounts. INHALATION: Vapors are unlikely due to physical properties. CHRONIC (CANCER) INFORMATION: N/A TERATOLOGY (BIRTH DEFECT) INFORMATION: N/A REPRODUCTION INFORMATION: N/A J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 1 of 6

83 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 3 Composition, Information or Ingredients Component/Exposure Limits CAS# % by Wt Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A % to 40% INGESTION LD(50): >5000 mg/kg (rat) SKIN ABSORPTION: mg/kg (rabbit) Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F % to 10% Oral LD50 rats >2000 mg/kg SECTION 4 First Aid Measures EYES: Flush eyes thoroughly with water for several minutes. If effects occur, consult a physician, preferably an ophthalmologist. SKIN: Wash skin with plenty of soap and water. INGESTION: No emergency medical treatment necessary. INHALATION: N/A NOTE TO PHYSICIANS: Consider additional thorough skin wash with mild, nonabrasive soap and plenty of warm water for at least fifteen minutes. SECTION 5 Fire-Fighting Measures FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES: FLASH POINT: > 140F Method: N/A FLAMMABLE LIMITS: Lower flammable limit: N/A Upper flammable limit: N/A AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: N/A HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: FOAM, ALCOHOL FOAM, CO2, DRY CHEMICAL, WATER FOG, OTHER J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 2 of 6

84 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 FIREFIGHTING INSTRUCTIONS: Respiratory equipment should be worn to avoid inhalation of concentrated vapors. Water should not be used except as fog to keep nearby containers cool. Fire Fighters and others who may be exposed to the products of combustion should be equipped with NIOSH approved positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing. SECTION 6 Accidental Release Measures SPILLS: Dispose of in normal manner in accordance to all applicable state, federal, and local laws. Not a hazardous waste. SECTION 7 Handling and Storage HANDLING: No special precautions needed. Personal hygiene- Wash thoroughly after handling, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, and using restroom facilities. Professionally launder contaminated clothing before use. Empty container precautions- Do not reuse empty containers for food, clothing, or products for human or animal consumption, or where skin contact can occur. STORAGE: Temperature - Less than 90 F. Conditions - Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area. SECTION 8 Exposure Controls and Personal Protection ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Local exhaust: Use to keep exposures below recommendations. Use if material is heated above 100 F. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: None required in a well-ventilated area. SKIN PROTECTION: Appropriate impervious gloves. Because a variety of protective gloves exist, consult glove manufacturer to determine the proper type for the specific operation. EYE PROTECTION: Safety glasses or goggles. J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 3 of 6

85 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 9 Physical and Chemical Properties BOILING POINT: 392F200C MELTING POINT: N/A VAPOR PRESSURE: N/A VAPOR DENSITY: N/A SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Insoluble in water SPECIFIC GRAVITY: ph: N/A VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: <0.1% ODOR: Sweet, Acrid APPEARANCE: THICK PASTE SECTION 10 Stability and Reactivity CHEMICAL STABILITY (CONDITIONS TO AVOID): This product is stable. INCOMPATIBILITY: None. HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Carbon dioxide, aldehydes, acids, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur. SECTION 11 Toxicological Information EYE: N/A SKIN: N/A INGESTION: N/A INHALATION: N/A SUBCHRONIC: N/A CHRONIC/CARCINOGENICITY: N/A TERATOLOGY: N/A REPRODUCTION: N/A MUTAGENICITY: N/A SECTION 12 Ecological Information ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION: N/A CHEMICAL FATE INFORMATION: N/A J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 4 of 6

86 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 13 Disposal Considerations Incinerate in furnace or bury in landfill in accordance with all applicable regulations. Not classified as a hazardous waste. SECTION 14 Transport Information Not DOT regulated. SECTION 15 Regulatory Information U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TSCA: All ingredients are TSCA listed. OSHA: Not OSHA regulated. CERCLA: SARA HAZARD CATEGORY: Not regulated. SECTION 313: Not regulated. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS: CANADIAN WHMIS: DB2 skin sensitizer. CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (CEPA): N/A EINECS: EINECS listed. STATE REGULATIONS: CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 This product contains the following chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. None The following ingredients are present in this material and are subject to reporting in accordance to the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and/or Massachusetts Right-to-Know (RTK) laws: Iron Powder (CAS ) Calcium Carbonate (CAS ) SECTION 16 Other Information Hazard Ratings NFPA Ratings: Health: 1 Fire: 0 Physical Data: 0 PPE: B MSDS Last Revised: 01/15/2011 Created by: I. David Crossan J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 5 of 6

87 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 USERS RESPONSIBILITY: A bulletin such as this cannot be expected to cover all possible individual situations. As the user has the responsibility to provide a safe workplace, all aspects on an individual operation should be examined to determine if, or where, precautions - in addition to those described herein - are required. Any health hazard and safety information herein should be passed on to your customers or employees as the case may be. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: The information contained herein is, to the best of our knowledge and belief, accurate. However, since the conditions of handling and use are beyond our control, we make no guarantee of results, and assume no liability for damage incurred by the use of this material. All chemicals may present unknown health hazards and should be used with caution. Although certain hazards are described herein, we cannot guarantee that these are the only hazards which exist. Final determination of suitability of the chemical is the sole responsibility of the user. No representation of warranties, either expressed or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or any other nature are made hereunder with respect to the information refers. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. PREPARED BY: J-B Weld Company P.O. Box Como Street Sulphur Springs, TX Tel: (903) Fax: (903) J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 6 of 6

88 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 1 Product Identification PRODUCT NAME: PRODUCT CODE: SYNONYM/CROSS REFERENCE: COMPANY: J-B Weld, J-B Professional (Resin) 8265, 8265S, 8265SF, 8280, 7265S Epoxy Paste Resin J-B Weld Company P.O. Box Como Street Sulphur Springs, TX Tel: (903) Fax: (903) SECTION 2 Hazard Identification Potential Health Effects EYE: May cause moderate eye irritation. SKIN: Has caused allergic skin reactions in humans. A single exposure not likely to cause skin irritation. Prolonged and repeated contact may cause skin irritation with local redness. INGESTION: Very low toxicity if swallowed. Harmful effects not anticipated from swallowing small amounts. INHALATION: Vapors are unlikely due to physical properties. CHRONIC (CANCER) INFORMATION: N/A TERATOLOGY (BIRTH DEFECT) INFORMATION: N/A REPRODUCTION INFORMATION: N/A J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 1 of 6

89 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 3 Composition, Information or Ingredients Component/Exposure Limits CAS# % by Wt Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A % to 40% INGESTION LD(50): >5000 mg/kg (rat) SKIN ABSORPTION: mg/kg (rabbit) Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F % to 10% Oral LD50 rats >2000 mg/kg SECTION 4 First Aid Measures EYES: Flush eyes thoroughly with water for several minutes. If effects occur, consult a physician, preferably an ophthalmologist. SKIN: Wash skin with plenty of soap and water. INGESTION: No emergency medical treatment necessary. INHALATION: N/A NOTE TO PHYSICIANS: Consider additional thorough skin wash with mild, nonabrasive soap and plenty of warm water for at least fifteen minutes. SECTION 5 Fire-Fighting Measures FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES: FLASH POINT: > 140F Method: N/A FLAMMABLE LIMITS: Lower flammable limit: N/A Upper flammable limit: N/A AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: N/A HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: FOAM, ALCOHOL FOAM, CO2, DRY CHEMICAL, WATER FOG, OTHER J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 2 of 6

90 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 FIREFIGHTING INSTRUCTIONS: Respiratory equipment should be worn to avoid inhalation of concentrated vapors. Water should not be used except as fog to keep nearby containers cool. Fire Fighters and others who may be exposed to the products of combustion should be equipped with NIOSH approved positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing. SECTION 6 Accidental Release Measures SPILLS: Dispose of in normal manner in accordance to all applicable state, federal, and local laws. Not a hazardous waste. SECTION 7 Handling and Storage HANDLING: No special precautions needed. Personal hygiene- Wash thoroughly after handling, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, and using restroom facilities. Professionally launder contaminated clothing before use. Empty container precautions- Do not reuse empty containers for food, clothing, or products for human or animal consumption, or where skin contact can occur. STORAGE: Temperature - Less than 90 F. Conditions - Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area. SECTION 8 Exposure Controls and Personal Protection ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Local exhaust: Use to keep exposures below recommendations. Use if material is heated above 100 F. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: None required in a well-ventilated area. SKIN PROTECTION: Appropriate impervious gloves. Because a variety of protective gloves exist, consult glove manufacturer to determine the proper type for the specific operation. EYE PROTECTION: Safety glasses or goggles. J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 3 of 6

91 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 9 Physical and Chemical Properties BOILING POINT: 392F200C MELTING POINT: N/A VAPOR PRESSURE: N/A VAPOR DENSITY: N/A SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Insoluble in water SPECIFIC GRAVITY: ph: N/A VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: <0.1% ODOR: Sweet, Acrid APPEARANCE: THICK PASTE SECTION 10 Stability and Reactivity CHEMICAL STABILITY (CONDITIONS TO AVOID): This product is stable. INCOMPATIBILITY: None. HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Carbon dioxide, aldehydes, acids, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur. SECTION 11 Toxicological Information EYE: N/A SKIN: N/A INGESTION: N/A INHALATION: N/A SUBCHRONIC: N/A CHRONIC/CARCINOGENICITY: N/A TERATOLOGY: N/A REPRODUCTION: N/A MUTAGENICITY: N/A SECTION 12 Ecological Information ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION: N/A CHEMICAL FATE INFORMATION: N/A J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 4 of 6

92 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 SECTION 13 Disposal Considerations Incinerate in furnace or bury in landfill in accordance with all applicable regulations. Not classified as a hazardous waste. SECTION 14 Transport Information Not DOT regulated. SECTION 15 Regulatory Information U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TSCA: All ingredients are TSCA listed. OSHA: Not OSHA regulated. CERCLA: SARA HAZARD CATEGORY: Not regulated. SECTION 313: Not regulated. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS: CANADIAN WHMIS: DB2 skin sensitizer. CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (CEPA): N/A EINECS: EINECS listed. STATE REGULATIONS: CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 This product contains the following chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. None The following ingredients are present in this material and are subject to reporting in accordance to the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and/or Massachusetts Right-to-Know (RTK) laws: Iron Powder (CAS ) Calcium Carbonate (CAS ) SECTION 16 Other Information Hazard Ratings NFPA Ratings: Health: 1 Fire: 0 Physical Data: 0 PPE: B MSDS Last Revised: 01/15/2011 Created by: I. David Crossan J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 5 of 6

93 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date Prepared: 1/15/2011 USERS RESPONSIBILITY: A bulletin such as this cannot be expected to cover all possible individual situations. As the user has the responsibility to provide a safe workplace, all aspects on an individual operation should be examined to determine if, or where, precautions - in addition to those described herein - are required. Any health hazard and safety information herein should be passed on to your customers or employees as the case may be. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: The information contained herein is, to the best of our knowledge and belief, accurate. However, since the conditions of handling and use are beyond our control, we make no guarantee of results, and assume no liability for damage incurred by the use of this material. All chemicals may present unknown health hazards and should be used with caution. Although certain hazards are described herein, we cannot guarantee that these are the only hazards which exist. Final determination of suitability of the chemical is the sole responsibility of the user. No representation of warranties, either expressed or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or any other nature are made hereunder with respect to the information refers. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. PREPARED BY: J-B Weld Company P.O. Box Como Street Sulphur Springs, TX Tel: (903) Fax: (903) J-B Weld Co. Weld/Professional (Resin) MSDS Page 6 of 6

94 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET DATE: 02/18/05 Revision #2 Page 1 of 2 Section 1 For Chemical Emergency Only: PACER TECHNOLOGY HAZARD RATING In the US & Canada (800) Santa Anita Avenue 1 Int'l & Wash DC (COLLECT) (703) Rancho Cucamonga, CA x 0 Telephone for Information: (909) PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: Z-Poxy 30 Minute Formula - Resin - Part A Section 2 - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS INFORMATION: Hazardous Components OSHA ACGIH OTHER % (Common Names, CAS Number) PEL TLV LIMITS OPTION Bisphenol A/Epichlorohydrin based epoxy resin* ( ) NE NE NE % * This product is an epoxy resin produced by the condensation reaction of Epichlorohydrin and Bisphenol-A. These raw materials are consumed in the process. Residual levels of Epichlorohydrin are controlled to 1ppm, max, in the product. Section 3 - PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Boiling Point: >500F Specific Gravity (H2O=1): 1.17 Vapor Density (Air=1): NA Melting Point: NE Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): 77F Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate = 1): NA Solubility in Water: Negligible. Appearance & Odor: Light yellow colored viscous liquid. Section 4 - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA: Flash Point (Method Used): 480F (PMCC) Flammable Limits: LEL: NE UEL: NE Extinguishing Media: Water fog, foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Material will not burn unless preheated. Do not enter confined fire space without full bunker gear (helmet/face shield, bunker coat, gloves & rubber boats). Use positive pressure NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus. Cool fire exposed containers with water. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Heating of resin above 300F in presence of air may cause slow oxidative decomposition. Above 500F polymerization may occur. Some curing agents, e.g. aliphatic amines can produce exothermic reactions which in large masses can cause runaway polymerization & charring of reactants. Fumes & vapors from these thermal & chemical decompositions vary widely in composition/toxicity. DO NOT BREATHE FUMES. Unidentified fumes & vapors may be toxic. Section 5 - REACTIVITY DATA: Stability: Stable XX Conditions to Avoid: Keep away from open flames & high temperatures. Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Strong oxidizing agents, strong Lewis or mineral acids, strong mineral & organic bases, esp. primary & secondary aliphatic amines. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, aldehydes, acids & other organic substances may be formed during combustion (>500F) temperature degradation. Hazardous Polymerization: May Occur May Not Occur XX (Avoid heating >300F). Section 6 - HEALTH HAZARD DATA: Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation: YES Skin: YES Ingestion: YES

95 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Z-Poxy 30 Minute Formula - Resin - Part A Page 2 of 2 Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic): Product moderately irritating to eyes, skin; contact with product at elevated temperatures can result in thermal burns; may cause skin sensitization; low order of acute oral toxicity noted; unlikely to be inhalation hazard due to low volatility. Carcinogenicity: NTP: No IARC Monographs: No OSHA Regulated: No First Aid Procedures: Eye contact - irritation: flush eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 min. while holding eyes open. Get medical attention immediately. Skin contact - irritation/rash: remove contaminated clothing and wash with soap/water. Get medical attention if symptoms persist (contaminated leather articles i.e. shoes should be disposed of as contaminated waste). NOTE: hot product burns require immediate medical attention. Inhalation - Remove to fresh air and provide oxygen if breathing is difficult. Get medical attention. Ingestion - Do not induce vomiting. In general, no treatment unless large amount is ingested, however, get medical advice. NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Emesis induction is normally not necessary in high viscosity, low volatility products, e.g. neat epoxy resins. Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing eye/skin disorders or lung allergies. Section 7 - PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE: Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled: Product may burn although not readily ignitable. Use cautious judgment when cleaning up large spills. Respirator and protective equipment as appropriate. Dike and contain material. Soak up residue with absorbent (clay, sand) materials and dispose of properly. Waste Disposal Method: If product becomes waste, not considered hazardous waste by RCRA criteria (40 CFR 261). Dispose of according to federal, state and local regulations. Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing: Store in cool, dry place away from open flames and high temperatures. Other Precautions: Empty containers may contain product residues & should be disposed of properly. Section 8 - CONTROL MEASURES: Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): Organic vapor respirator in areas with poor ventilation. Ventilation: Local Exhaust: Good Mechanical (General): As needed. Protective Clothing or Equipment: Safety glasses/goggles with side shields, chemically resistant gloves and other protective equipment to avoid direct contact. Work/Hygienic Practices: Avoid contact with eyes or skin. Use in well ventilated area. Wash hands with soap and water after product use. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse and disposed of leather articles as contaminated waste. NA = Not applicable NE = Not established The data contained herein is based upon information that Pacer Technology believes to be reliable. Users of this product have the responsibility to determine the suitability of use and to adopt all necessary precautions to ensure the safety and protection of property and persons involved in said use. All statements or suggestions are made without warranty, express or implied, regarding accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof.

96 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET DATE: 02/18/05 Revision #4 Page 1 of 2 Section 1 For Chemical Emergency Only: PACER TECHNOLOGY HAZARD RATING In the US & Canada (800) Santa Anita Avenue 1 Int'l & Wash DC (COLLECT) (703) Rancho Cucamonga, CA x 1 Telephone for Information: (909) PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: Z-Poxy 30 Minute Formula - Hardener - Part B Section 2 - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS INFORMATION: Hazardous Components OSHA ACGIH OTHER % (Common Names, CAS Number) PEL TLV LIMITS OPTION Proprietary Mercaptan Polymer NE NE NE Tertiary Amine ( ) NE NE NE 5-10 Tris (Dimethyl Aminomethy) Phenol Trihexoate NE NE NE This ingredient is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and 40 CFR 372. Section 3 - PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Boiling Point: NE Specific Gravity (H2O=1): 1.13 Vapor Density (Air=1): NE Melting Point: NA Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): NE Evaporation Rate (Butyl acetate = 1): NE Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble. Appearance & Odor: Viscous water white to light yellow liquid with mercaptan odor. Section 4 - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA: Flash Point (Method): 300 F (TCC) Flammable Limits: LEL: NE UEL: NE Extinguishing Media: Water spray, carbon dioxide, foam or dry chemical. Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Cool exposed containers with water spray. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus in confined areas. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: None known. Section 5 - REACTIVITY DATA: Stability: Stable XX Conditions to Avoid: Storage near large masses of epoxy resins. Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Strong oxidants, amines especially when hot. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide/dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxides of sulfur. Hazardous Polymerization: May Occur May Not Occur XX Section 6 - HEALTH HAZARD DATA: Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation: Yes Skin: Yes Ingestion: Yes Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic): Acute - irritates skin, eye & respiratory tract. Chronic - May aggravate pre-existing skin/eye/lung conditions.

97 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Z-Poxy 30 Minute Formula - Hardener - Part B Page 2 of 2 Carcinogenicity: NTP: No IARC Monographs: No OSHA Regulated: No First Aid Procedures: Eye contact - Irritation: immediately flush eye with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention. Skin contact - Irritation upon direct contact. Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected areas with soap and water. Inhalation - Remove to fresh air. Administer oxygen if available. Ingestion - Do not induce vomiting. Keep airway clear if vomiting occurs. Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing skin/eye/lung conditions. Section 7 - PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE: Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled: Stop leaks & contain spill. Soak up with absorbent material for disposal in proper container, wearing adequate protective clothing/respiratory protection. Waste Disposal Method: In chemical landfill or incinerate in accordance with federal, state or local regulations. Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing: Do not store near epoxy resin, protect containers to avoid leaks and spills. Other Precautions: CAUTION - May cause irritation. Avoid direct contact or breathing of mist or vapor. Use with adequate ventilation and use respiratory protection where mist or vapor may be generated. For industrial use only. Keep containers closed when not in use. Section 8 - CONTROL MEASURES: Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): Organic vapor respirator to avoid inhalation of mist or vapor. Ventilation: Local Exhaust: Good Mechanical (General): As needed. Protective Clothing or Equipment: Safety glasses/goggles with side shields, rubber gloves, chemical resistant shoes and protective clothing to avoid direct contact. Work/Hygienic Practices: Avoid direct contact or breathing of mist or vapor. Use with adequate ventilation. Wash hands with soap and water after use. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse. Do not take internally. NE = Not established The data contained herein is based upon information that Pacer Technology believes to be reliable. Users of this product have the responsibility to determine the suitability of use and to adopt all necessary precautions to ensure the safety and protection of property and persons involved in said use. All statements or suggestions are made without warranty, express or implied, regarding accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof.

98 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET West System Inc. 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME:...WEST SYSTEM 105 Epoxy Resin. PRODUCT CODE: CHEMICAL FAMILY:...Epoxy Resin. CHEMICAL NAME:...Bisphenol A based epoxy resin. FORMULA:...Not applicable. MANUFACTURER: EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS: West System Inc. Transportation 102 Patterson Ave. CHEMTREC: (U.S.) Bay City, MI 48706, U.S.A (International) Phone: or Non-transportation Poison Hotline: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW HMIS Hazard Rating: Health - 2 Flammability - 1 Physical Hazards - 0 WARNING! May cause allergic skin response in certain individuals. May cause moderate irritation to the skin. Clear to light yellow liquid with mild odor. PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY:... Skin contact. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: ACUTE INHALATION:... Not likely to cause acute effects unless heated to high temperatures. If product is heated, vapors generated can cause headache, nausea, dizziness and possible respiratory irritation if inhaled in high concentrations. CHRONIC INHALATION:... Not likely to cause chronic effects. Repeated exposure to high vapor concentrations may cause irritation of pre-existing lung allergies and increase the chance of developing allergy symptoms to this product. ACUTE SKIN CONTACT:... May cause allergic skin response in certain individuals. May cause moderate irritation to the skin such as redness and itching. CHRONIC SKIN CONTACT:... May cause sensitization in susceptible individuals. May cause moderate irritation to the skin. EYE CONTACT:... May cause irritation. INGESTION:... Low acute oral toxicity. SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE:... Possible sensitization and subsequent allergic reactions usually seen as redness and rashes. Repeated exposure is not likely to cause other adverse health effects. MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE:... Pre-existing skin and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by exposure to this product. Pre-existing lung and skin allergies may increase the chance of developing allergic symptoms to this product. 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS INGREDIENT NAME CAS # CONCENTRATION Bisphenol-A type epoxy resin > 50% Benzyl alcohol < 20% Bisphenol-F type epoxy resin < 20% 4. FIRST AID MEASURES FIRST AID FOR EYES... Flush immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a physician. FIRST AID FOR SKIN... Remove contaminated clothing. Wipe excess from skin. Remove with waterless skin cleaner and then wash with soap and water. Consult a physician if effects occur. FIRST AID FOR INHALATION... Remove to fresh air if effects occur. MSDS #105-11b Last Revised: 22JUN11

99 West System Inc. Page 2 of 4 WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin FIRST AID FOR INGESTION... No adverse health effects expected from amounts ingested under normal conditions of use. Seek medical attention if a significant amount is ingested. 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES FLASH POINT:... >200 F (Tag Closed Cup) EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:... Foam, carbon dioxide (CO 2), dry chemical. SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:... Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and complete full-body personal protective equipment. Closed containers may rupture (due to buildup of pressure) when exposed to extreme heat. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS:... During a fire, smoke may contain the original materials in addition to combustion products of varying composition which may be toxic and/or irritating. Combustion products may include, but are not limited to: phenolics, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES:... Stop leak without additional risk. Dike and absorb with inert material (e.g., sand) and collect in a suitable, closed container. Warm, soapy water or non-flammable, safe solvent may be used to clean residual. 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE STORAGE TEMPERATURE (min./max.): F (4 C) / 120 F (49 C) STORAGE:... Store in cool, dry place. Store in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and loss of volatiles. Excessive heat over long periods of time will degrade the resin. HANDLING PRECAUTIONS:... Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact. Wash thoroughly after handling. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid inhalation of vapors from heated product. Precautionary steps should be taken when curing product in large quantities. When mixed with epoxy curing agents this product causes an exothermic, which in large masses, can produce enough heat to damage or ignite surrounding materials and emit fumes and vapors that vary widely in composition and toxicity. 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION EYE PROTECTION GUIDELINES:... Safety glasses with side shields or chemical splash goggles. SKIN PROTECTION GUIDELINES:... Wear liquid-proof, chemical resistant gloves (nitrile-butyl rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber or natural rubber) and full body-covering clothing. RESPIRATORY/VENTILATION GUIDELINES:... Good room ventilation is usually adequate for most operations. Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator with an organic vapor cartridge whenever exposure to vapor in concentrations above applicable limits is likely. Note: West System, Inc. has conducted an air sampling study using this product or similarly formulated products. The results indicate that the components sampled for (epichlorohydrin, benzyl alcohol) were either so low that they were not detected at all or they were significantly below OSHA s permissible exposure levels. ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES:... Practice good caution and personal cleanliness to avoid skin and eye contact. Avoid skin contact when removing gloves and other protective equipment. Wash thoroughly after handling. Generally speaking, working cleanly and following basic precautionary measures will greatly minimize the potential for harmful exposure to this product under normal use conditions. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS:... Not established for product as whole. Refer to OSHA s Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or the ACGIH Guidelines for information on specific ingredients. 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL FORM:... Liquid. COLOR:... Clear to pale yellow. ODOR:... Mild. BOILING POINT:... > 400 F. MELTING POINT/FREEZE POINT:... No data. VISCOSITY:... 1,000 cps. ph:... No data. SOLUBILITY IN WATER:... Slight. SPECIFIC GRAVITY: BULK DENSITY: pounds/gallon. VAPOR PRESSURE:... < 1 20 C. VAPOR DENSITY:... Heavier than air. % VOLATILE BY WEIGHT:... ASTM D was used to determine the Volatile Content of mixed epoxy resin and hardener. Refer to the hardener's MSDS for information about the total volatile content of the resin/hardener system. 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY MSDS #105-11b Last Revised: 22JUN11

100 West System Inc. Page 3 of 4 WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin STABILITY:... Stable. HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:... Will not occur by itself, but a mass of more than one pound of product plus an aliphatic amine will cause irreversible polymerization with significant heat buildup. INCOMPATIBILITIES:... Strong acids, bases, amines and mercaptans can cause polymerization. DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS:... Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and phenolics may be produced during uncontrolled exothermic reactions or when otherwise heated to decomposition. 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION No specific oral, inhalation or dermal toxicology data is known for this product. Specific toxicology information for a bisphenol-a based epoxy resin present in this product is indicated below: Oral:...LD 50 >5000 mg/kg (rats) Inhalation:...No Data. Dermal:...LD 50 = 20,000 mg/kg (skin absorption in rabbits) TERATOLOGY:... Diglycidyl ether bisphenol-a (DGEBPA) did not cause birth defects or other adverse effects on the fetus when pregnant rabbits were exposed by skin contact, the most likely route of exposure, or when pregnant rats or rabbits were exposed orally. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS:... MUTAGENICITY:... tests were negative in some cases and positive in others..dgebpa, in animal studies, has been shown not to interfere with reproduction...dgebpa in animal mutagenicity studies were negative. In vitro mutagenicity CARCINOGENICITY: NTP... Product not listed. IARC... Product not listed. OSHA... Product not listed. No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen by OSHA, NTP or IARC. Ethylbenzene, present in this product < 0.1%, is not identified by OSHA or NTP as a carcinogen, but is identified by NTP as a Group 2B substance possibly carcinogenic to humans. Many studies have been conducted to assess the potential carcinogenicity of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-a. Although some weak evidence of carcinogenicity has been reported in animals, when all of the data are considered, the weight of evidence does not show that DGEBPA is carcinogenic. Indeed, the most recent review of the available data by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has concluded that DGEBPA is not classified as a carcinogen. Epichlorohydrin, an impurity in this product (<5 ppm) has been reported to produce cancer in laboratory animals and to produce mutagenic changes in bacteria and cultured human cells. It has been established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) based on the following conclusions: human evidence inadequate; animal evidence sufficient. It has been classified as an anticipated human carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Note: It is unlikely that normal use of this product would result in measurable exposure concentrations to this substance. 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Prevent entry into sewers and natural waters. May cause localized fish kill. Movement and Partitioning: Bioconcentration potential is moderate (BCF between 100 and 3000 or Log Kow between 3 and 5). Degradation and Transformation: Theoretical oxygen demand is calculated to be 2.35 p/p. 20-day biochemical oxygen demand is <2.5%. Ecotoxicology: Material is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms on an acute basis. LC50/EC50 between 1 and 10 mg/l in most sensitive species. 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD:... Evaluation of this product using RCRA criteria shows that it is not a hazardous waste, either by listing or characteristics, in its purchased form. It is the responsibility of the user to determine proper disposal methods. Incinerate, recycle (fuel blending) or reclaim may be preferred methods when conducted in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. MSDS #105-11b Last Revised: 22JUN11

101 West System Inc. Page 4 of 4 WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin 14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION DOT SHIPPING NAME:... Not regulated. TECHNICAL SHIPPING NAME:... Not applicable. D.O.T. HAZARD CLASS:... Not applicable. U.N./N.A. NUMBER:... Not applicable. PACKING GROUP:... Not applicable. IATA SHIPPING NAME:... Not regulated. TECHNICAL SHIPPING NAME:... Not applicable. HAZARD CLASS:... Not applicable. U.N. NUMBER:... Not applicable. PACKING GROUP:... Not applicable. 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION OSHA STATUS:... Slight irritant; possible sensitizer. TSCA STATUS:... All components are listed on TSCA inventory or otherwise comply with TSCA requirements. Canada WHIMIS Classification:... D2B SARA TITLE III: SECTION 313 TOXIC CHEMICALS... None (deminimus). STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: The following chemicals are specifically listed or otherwise regulated by individual states. For details on your regulatory requirements you should contact the appropriate agency in your state. COMPONENT NAME /CAS NUMBER CONCENTRATION STATE CODE Epichlorohydrin < 5ppm 1 CA Phenyl glycidyl ether <5ppm 1 CA Ethylbenzene <0.1% 1 CA, NJ, PA Benzyl alcohol <20% MA, PA, NJ 1. These substances are known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive harm, or both. 16. OTHER INFORMATION REASON FOR ISSUE:... Changes made in Sections 10, 11, 14 & 15. PREPARED BY:... G. M. House APPROVED BY:... G. M. House TITLE:... Health, Safety & Environmental Manager APPROVAL DATE:... June 22, 2011 SUPERSEDES DATE:... February 6, 2011 MSDS NUMBER: b Note: The Hazardous Material Indexing System (HMIS), cited in the Emergency Overview of Section 3, uses the following index to assess hazard rating: 0 = Minimal; 1 = Slight: 2 = Moderate; 3 = Serious; and 4 = Severe. This information is furnished without warranty, expressed or implied, except that it is accurate to the best knowledge of West System Inc. The data on this sheet is related only to the specific material designated herein. West System Inc. assumes no legal responsibility for use or reliance upon these data. MSDS #105-11b Last Revised: 22JUN11

102 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET West System Inc. 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME:...WEST SYSTEM 205 Fast Hardener PRODUCT CODE: CHEMICAL FAMILY:...Amine. CHEMICAL NAME:...Modified aliphatic polyamine. FORMULA:...Not applicable. MANUFACTURER: EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS: West System Inc. Transportation 102 Patterson Ave. CHEMTREC: (U.S.) Bay City, MI 48706, U.S.A (International) Phone: or Non-transportation Poison Hotline: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW HMIS Hazard Rating: Health - 3 Flammability - 1 Physical Hazards - 0 DANGER! Corrosive. Skin sensitizer. Moderate to severe skin, eye and respiratory tract irritant. May cause allergic reactions. Amber colored liquid with ammonia odor. PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY:... Skin contact, eye contact, inhalation. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: ACUTE INHALATION:... May cause respiratory tract irritation. Coughing and chest pain may result. CHRONIC INHALATION:... May cause respiratory tract irritation, coughing, sore throat, shortness of breath or chest pain. ACUTE SKIN CONTACT:... May cause strong irritation, redness. Possible mild corrosion. CHRONIC SKIN CONTACT:... Prolonged or repeated contact may cause an allergic reaction and possible sensitization in susceptible individuals. Large dose skin contact may result in material being absorbed in harmful amounts. EYE CONTACT:... Moderate to severe irritation with possible tissue damage. Concentrated vapors can be absorbed in eye tissue and cause eye injury. Contact causes discomfort and possible corneal injury or conjunctivitis. INGESTION:... Single dose oral toxicity is moderate. May cause gastrointestinal tract irritation and pain. Aspiration hazard. SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE:... Respiratory tract irritation. Skin irritation and redness. Possible allergic reaction seen as hives and rash. Eye irritation. Possible liver and kidney disorders upon long term skin absorption overexposures. MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE:... Chronic respiratory disease, asthma. Eye disease. Skin disorders and allergies. 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS INGREDIENT NAME CAS # CONCENTRATION Reaction products of TETA with Phenol/Formaldehyde > 25% Polyethylenepolyamine < 25% Triethylenetetramine (TETA) < 10% Hydroxybenzene < 10% Reaction Products of TETA and propylene oxide < 10% Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) < 10% 4. FIRST AID MEASURES FIRST AID FOR EYES:... Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. Get prompt medical attention. FIRST AID FOR SKIN:... Remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash skin with soap and water. Do not apply greases or ointments. Get medical attention if severe exposure. MSDS #205-11a Last Revised: 10FEB11

103 West System Inc. Page 2 of 4 WEST SYSTEM 205 Hardener FIRST AID FOR INHALATION:... Move to fresh air and consult physician if effects occur. FIRST AID FOR INGESTION:... Give conscious person at least 2 glasses of water. Do not induce vomiting. Aspiration hazard. If vomiting should occur spontaneously, keep airway clear. Get medical attention. 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES FLASH POINT:... >270 F (PMCC) EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:... Dry chemical, alcohol foam. carbon dioxide (CO 2), dry sand, limestone powder. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS:... During a fire, smoke may contain the original materials in addition to combustion products of varying composition which may be toxic and/or irritating. Combustion products may include, but are not limited to: oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, volatile amines, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrosamines. When mixed with sawdust, wood chips, or other cellulosic material, spontaneous combustion can occur under certain conditions. If hardener is spilled into or mixed with sawdust, heat is generated as the air oxidizes the amine. If the heat is not dissipated quickly enough, it can ignite the sawdust. SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:... Use full-body protective gear and a self-contained breathing apparatus. Use of water may generate toxic aqueous solutions. Do not allow water run-off from fighting fire to enter drains or other water courses. 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES:... Stop leak without additional risk. Wear proper personal protective equipment. Dike and contain spill. Ventilate area. Large spill - dike and pump into appropriate container for recovery. Small spill - recover or use inert, non-combustible absorbent material (e.g., sand, clay) and shovel into suitable container. Do not use sawdust, wood chips or other cellulosic materials to absorb the spill, as the possibility for spontaneous combustion exists. Wash spill residue with warm, soapy water if necessary. 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE STORAGE TEMPERATURE (min./max.): F (4 C) / 90 F (32 C). STORAGE:... Store in cool, dry place away from high temperatures and moisture. Keep container tightly closed. HANDLING PRECAUTIONS:... Use with adequate ventilation. Do not breath vapors or mists from heated material. Avoid exposure to concentrated vapors. Avoid skin contact. Wash thoroughly after handling. When mixed with epoxy resin this product causes an exothermic reaction, which in large masses, can produce enough heat to damage or ignite surrounding materials and emit fumes and vapors that vary widely in composition and toxicity. 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION EYE PROTECTION GUIDELINES:... Chemical splash-proof goggles or face shield. SKIN PROTECTION GUIDELINES:... Wear liquid-proof, chemical resistant gloves (nitrile-butyl rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber or natural rubber) and full body-covering clothing. RESPIRATORY/VENTILATION GUIDELINES:... Use with adequate general and local exhaust ventilation to meet exposure limits. In poorly ventilated areas, use a NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator with an organic vapor cartridge. Note: West System, Inc. has conducted an air sampling study using this product or similarly formulated products. The results indicate that the components sampled for (phenol, formaldehyde and amines) were either so low that they were not detected at all or they were well below OSHA s permissible exposure levels. ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES:... Use where there is immediate access to safety shower and emergency eye wash. Wash thoroughly after use. Contact lens should not be worn when working with this material. Generally speaking, working cleanly and following basic precautionary measures will greatly minimize the potential for harmful exposure to this product under normal use conditions. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS:... Not established for product as whole. Refer to OSHA s Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or the ACGIH Guidelines for information on specific ingredients. 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL FORM... Liquid. COLOR... Amber. ODOR... Ammonia-like. BOILING POINT... > 440 F. MELTING POINT/FREEZE POINT... Approximately 23 F. ph... Alkaline. SOLUBILITY IN WATER... Appreciable. SPECIFIC GRAVITY MSDS #205-11a Last Revised: 10FEB11

104 West System Inc. Page 3 of 4 WEST SYSTEM 205 Hardener BULK DENSITY pounds/gallon. VAPOR PRESSURE... < 1 20 C. VAPOR DENSITY... Heavier than air. VISCOSITY... 1,000 cps % VOLATILE BY WEIGHT... ASTM was used to determine the Volatile Matter Content of mixed epoxy resin and hardener. 105 Resin and 205 Hardener, mixed together at 5:1 by weight, has a density of 1137 g/l (9.49 lbs/gal). The combined VOC content for 105/205 is 7.91 g/l (0.07 lbs/gal). 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY STABILITY:... Stable. HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:... Will not occur. INCOMPATIBILITIES:... Avoid excessive heat. Avoid acids, oxidizing materials, halogenated organic compounds (e.g., methylene chloride). External heating or self-heating could result in rapid temperature increase and serious hazard. If such a reaction were to take place in a waste drum, the drum could expand and rupture violently. DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS:... Very toxic fumes and gases when burned or otherwise heated to decomposition. Decomposition products may include, but not liminted to: oxides of nitrogen, volatile amines, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrosamines. 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION No specific oral, inhalation or dermal toxicology data is known for this product. Oral:...Expected to be moderately toxic. Inhalation:...Expected to be moderately toxic. Dermal:...Expected to be moderately toxic. Adsorption of phenolic solutions through the skin may be very rapid and can cause death. Lesser exposures can cause damage to the kidney, liver, pancreas and spleen; and cause edema of the lungs. Chronic exposures can cause death from liver and kidney damage. CARCINOGENICITY: NTP... No. IARC... No. OSHA... No. No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen by OSHA, NTP or IARC. 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Wastes from this product may present long term environmental hazards. Do not allow into sewers, on the ground or in any body of water. Hydroxybenzene (phenol) (CAS # ) biodegradability = 99.5% at 7 days. 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD:... Evaluation of this product using RCRA criteria shows that it is not a hazardous waste, either by listing or characteristics, in its purchased form. It is the responsibility of the user to determine proper disposal methods. Incinerate, recycle (fuel blending) or reclaim may be preferred methods when conducted in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. 14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION DOT SHIPPING NAME:... Polyamines, liquid, corrosive, n.o.s. TECHNICAL SHIPPING NAME:... (Triethylenetetramine) D.O.T. HAZARD CLASS:... Class 8 U.N./N.A. NUMBER:... UN 2735 PACKING GROUP:... PG III IATA SHIPPING NAME:... Polyamines, liquid, corrosive, n.o.s. TECHNICAL SHIPPING NAME:... (Triethylenetetramine) HAZARD CLASS:... Class 8 U.N. NUMBER:... UN 2735 PACKING GROUP:... PG III 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION OSHA STATUS:... Corrosive; possible sensitizer. MSDS #205-11a Last Revised: 10FEB11

105 West System Inc. Page 4 of 4 WEST SYSTEM 205 Hardener TSCA STATUS:... All components listed on TSCA inventory or otherwise comply with TSCA requirements. Canada WHIMIS Classification: D2A, D2B, E SARA TITLE III: SECTION 313 TOXIC CHEMICALS:... This product contains hydroxybenzene (phenol) and is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR Part 372. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: The following chemicals are specifically listed or otherwise regulated by individual states. For details on your regulatory requirements you should contact the appropriate agency in your state. COMPONENT NAME /CAS NUMBER CONCENTRATION STATE CODE Tetraethylenepentamine <10% MA, NJ, PA Tetraethylenetriamine <10% MA, NJ, PA Phenol <10% NJ, RI, PA, MA, IL 16. OTHER INFORMATION REASON FOR ISSUE:... Changes made in Sections 5, 10, 14 & 15. PREPARED BY:... G. M. House APPROVED BY:... G. M. House TITLE:... Health, Safety & Environmental Manager APPROVAL DATE:... February 10, 2011 SUPERSEDES DATE:... January 3, 2008 MSDS NUMBER: a Note: The Hazardous Material Indexing System (HMIS), cited in the Emergency Overview of Section 3, uses the following index to assess hazard rating: 0 = Minimal; 1 = Slight; 2 = Moderate; 3 = Serious; and 4 = Severe. This information is furnished without warranty, expressed or implied, except that it is accurate to the best knowledge of West System Inc. The data on this sheet is related only to the specific material designated herein. West System Inc. assumes no legal responsibility for use or reliance upon these data. MSDS #205-11a Last Revised: 10FEB11

106 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET DATE: 07/19/10 Revision # 10 Page 1 of 2 Section 1 For Chemical Emergency Only: PACER TECHNOLOGY In the US & Canada (800) Santa Anita Avenue Int'l & Wash DC (COLLECT) (703) Rancho Cucamonga, CA Telephone for Information:(909) HAZARD RATING (NFPA/HMIS) PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: ZAP CA Health = 1 Flammability = 2 Reactivity = 1 Section 2 - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS INFORMATION: Hazardous Components OSHA ACGIH OTHER % (Common Names, CAS Number) PEL TLV LIMITS OPTION Ethyl-2-Cyanoacrylate ( ) NE NE 0.2ppm TWA Hydroquinone* ( ) 2mg/m3 2mg/m3 0-1 *This ingredient is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and 40 CFR 372. Section 3 - PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Boiling Point: 365 F Specific Gravity (H2O=1): 1.06 Vapor Density (Air=1): nil-ne Melting Point: NE Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): 20 C Evaporation Rate (Butyl acetate=1): nil-ne Solubility in Water: Insoluble, material reacts to hardened mass for non-hazardous waste. Appearance & Odor: Transparent water-white to straw colored liquid with stimulative odor. Section 4 - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA: Flash Point (Method Used): 185 F (TCC) Flammable Limits: LEL: NE UEL: NE Extinguishing Media: Flush with large amounts of water or dry chemical extinguisher. Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Fumes may be irritating if not burning and require air supply with goggles while applying large amounts of water or dry chemical extinguisher. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: None. Combustible requiring the above procedures. Section 5 - REACTIVITY DATA: Stability: Stable XX Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat above 176 F, moisture and alkalines. Stable up to 122 F. Store in a cool dry place. Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Polymerized by water, alcohol, amines, alkaline materials and direct UV. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Combustible by-products of carbon monoxide/dioxide. Hazardous Polymerization: May Not Occur XX Section 6 - HEALTH HAZARD DATA: Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation: Yes Estimated Oral LD50 = >5000 mg/kg Estimated Dermal LD50 = >2000 mg/kg Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic): Acute - Irritates eyes, mucous membranes. Chronic - No residual effects of acute properties.

107 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ZAP CA Rev. 10 Page 2 of 2 PACER TECHNOLOGY Carcinogenicity: NTP: No IARC Monographs: No OSHA Regulated: No Signs and Symptoms of Exposure & First Aid Procedures: Eye contact - Tearing from eye irritation may occur. Remove to fresh air. Flush areas of contact with water. Adhesive will disassociate from eye/eyelids over time, usually within several hours. Temporary weeping of eyes/double vision may be experienced until clearance is achieved. Skin contact - Immerse bonded areas in warm, soapy water. Peel or roll skin apart. Remove cured adhesive with several applications of warm, soapy water. Prolonged or repeated contact at elevated levels may cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Inhalation - Irritation of mucous membranes/coughing. Remove to fresh air. Prolonged or repeated exposure at elevated levels may produce allergic reactions with asthma-like symptoms in sensitive individuals. Ingestion - Lips may become stuck together: apply copious amounts of warm water & encourage wetting/pressure from saliva inside mouth. Peel or roll (do not pull) lips apart. It is almost impossible to swallow cyanoacrylate as adhesive solidifies upon contact with saliva & may adhere to inside of mouth. Saliva will lift adhesive in 1-2 days, avoid swallowing adhesive after detachment. Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing skin, eye and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by exposure. Section 7 - PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE: Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled: Polymerize with water. Solid material may be scraped from surface. Waste Disposal Method: Incinerate solid combustible waste or dump as chemical waste according to local, state and federal regulations. Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing: Avoid contact with clothing as can cause burn. Avoid moisture, direct UV-sunlight and do not store above 25 C. Keep containers closed tightly when not in use. Ideal storage: 5-10 C. Other Precautions: Avoid breathing vapor, contact with eyes/skin. Allow product to reach room temperature before use. Section 8 - CONTROL MEASURES: Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): A NIOSH-approved organic vapor canister may be used to maintain vapor concentration below TLV. Ventilation: Local Exhaust: To maintain vapor concentration below TLV. Mechanical (General): Large amounts used to 0.2ppm. Protective Clothing or Equipment: Safety glasses with side shield, Vinyl (polyethylene) non-sticking gloves, rubber apron to protect clothing. Work/Hygienic Practices: Soap and water helps remove adhesive from skin. Section 9 OTHER INFORMATION: Shipping: Not regulated TSCA = all ingredients are on TSCA inventory. NE = Not established The data contained herein is based upon information that Pacer Technology believes to be reliable. Users of this product have the responsibility to determine the suitability of use and to adopt all necessary precautions to ensure the safety and protection of property and persons involved in said use. All statements or suggestions are made without warranty, express or implied, regarding accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof.

108 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 Material Safety Data Sheet Copyright, 2012, 3M Company All rights reserved. Copying and/or downloading of this information for the purpose of properly utilizing 3M products is allowed provided that: (1) the information is copied in full with no changes unless prior written agreement is obtained from 3M, and (2) neither the copy nor the original is resold or otherwise distributed with the intention of earning a profit thereon. SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C MANUFACTURER: 3M DIVISION: Automotive Aftermarket ADDRESS: 3M Center, St. Paul, MN EMERGENCY PHONE: or (651) (24 hours) Issue Date: 08/22/12 Supercedes Date: 12/27/11 Document Group: Product Use: Intended Use: Automotive SECTION 2: INGREDIENTS Ingredient C.A.S. No. % by Wt TALC MAGNESIUM CARBONATE XYLENE NITROCELLULOSE ETHYLBENZENE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL Alkyd Resin Trade Secret 1-5 IRON OXIDE METHOXY-2-PROPYL ACETATE LIMESTONE BUTOXYETHANOL ACETONE METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE CHLORITE (MINERAL) < 2.5 DIBUTYL PHTHALATE < 0.5 CUMENE < 0.1 QUARTZ SILICA < 0.1 SECTION 3: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Page 1 of 9

109 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/ EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Specific Physical Form: Paste Odor, Color, Grade: Solvent Odor, Grean Smooth Paste General Physical Form: Liquid Immediate health, physical, and environmental hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor. Closed containers exposed to heat from fire may build pressure and explode. Vapors may travel long distances along the ground or floor to an ignition source and flash back. May cause target organ effects. Contains a chemical or chemicals which can cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. Contains a chemical or chemicals which can cause cancer. 3.2 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS Eye Contact: Moderate Eye Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, tearing, and blurred or hazy vision. Skin Contact: Moderate Skin Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include localized redness, swelling, itching, and dryness. Inhalation: Respiratory Tract Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include cough, sneezing, nasal discharge, headache, hoarseness, and nose and throat pain. During grinding, scraping, sanding: Pneumoconiosis: Sign/symptoms may include persistent cough, breathlessness, chest pain, increased amounts of sputum, and changes in lung function tests. May be absorbed following inhalation and cause target organ effects. Ingestion: Gastrointestinal Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include abdominal pain, stomach upset, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May be absorbed following ingestion and cause target organ effects. Target Organ Effects: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression: Signs/symptoms may include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordination, nausea, slowed reaction time, slurred speech, giddiness, and unconsciousness. Auditory Effects: Signs/symptoms may include hearing impairment, balance dysfunction and ringing in the ears. Blood Effects: Signs/symptoms may include generalized weakness and fatigue, skin pallor, changes in blood clotting time, internal bleeding, and/or hemoglobinemia. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause: Liver Effects: Signs/symptoms may include loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, abdominal tenderness and jaundice. Neurological Effects: Signs/symptoms may include personality changes, lack of coordination, sensory loss, tingling or numbness of the extremities, weakness, tremors, and/or changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Contains a chemical or chemicals which can cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. Carcinogenicity: Contains a chemical or chemicals which can cause cancer. Ingredient C.A.S. No. Class Description Regulation Page 2 of 9

110 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 CUMENE Grp. 2B: Possible human carc. International Agency for Research on Cancer ETHYLBENZENE Grp. 2B: Possible human carc. International Agency for Research on Cancer METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE Grp. 2B: Possible human carc. International Agency for Research on Cancer QUARTZ SILICA Grp. 1: Carcinogenic to International Agency for Research on Cancer humans SILICA, CRYSTALLINE (AIRBORNE SEQ677 Grp. 1: Carcinogenic to International Agency for Research on Cancer PARTICLES OF RESPIRABLE SIZE) SILICA, CRYSTALLINE (AIRBORNE PARTICLES OF RESPIRABLE SIZE) humans SEQ677 Known human carcinogen National Toxicology Program Carcinogens SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES 4.1 FIRST AID PROCEDURES The following first aid recommendations are based on an assumption that appropriate personal and industrial hygiene practices are followed. Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large amounts of water. If signs/symptoms persist, get medical attention. Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing and clean shoes before reuse. Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air. If signs/symptoms develop, get medical attention. If Swallowed: Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel. Give victim two glasses of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention. SECTION 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES 5.1 FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES Autoignition temperature No Data Available Flash Point 63 ºF [Test Method: Closed Cup] Flammable Limits(LEL) 1.00 % Flammable Limits(UEL) % OSHA Flammability Classification: Class IB Flammable Liquid 5.2 EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Use fire extinguishers with class B extinguishing agents (e.g., dry chemical, carbon dioxide). 5.3 PROTECTION OF FIRE FIGHTERS Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Water may not effectively extinguish fire; however, it should be used to keep fire-exposed containers and surfaces cool and prevent explosive rupture. Water may be used to blanket the fire. Wear full protective equipment (Bunker Gear) and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor. Closed containers exposed to heat from fire may build pressure and explode. Vapors may travel long distances along the ground or floor to an ignition source and flash back. Note: See STABILITY AND REACTIVITY (SECTION 10) for hazardous combustion and thermal decomposition information. SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES 6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Page 3 of 9

111 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 Evacuate unprotected and untrained personnel from hazard area. The spill should be cleaned up by qualified personnel. Remove all ignition sources such as flames, smoking materials, and electrical spark sources. Use only non-sparking tools. Ventilate the area with fresh air. For large spill, or spills in confined spaces, provide mechanical ventilation to disperse or exhaust vapors, in accordance with good industrial hygiene practice. Warning! A motor could be an ignition source and could cause flammable gases or vapors in the spill area to burn or explode. Remember, adding an absorbent material does not remove a toxic, corrosivity or flammability hazard Environmental precautions For larger spills, cover drains and build dikes to prevent entry into sewer systems or bodies of water. Place in a metal container approved for transportation by appropriate authorities. Dispose of collected material as soon as possible. Clean-up methods Refer to other sections of this MSDS for information regarding physical and health hazards, respiratory protection, ventilation, and personal protective equipment. Call 3M-HELPS line ( ) for more information on handling and managing the spill. Contain spill. Cover spill area with a fire-extinguishing foam. An aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) is recommended. Working from around the edges of the spill inward, cover with bentonite, vermiculite, or commercially available inorganic absorbent material. Mix in sufficient absorbent until it appears dry. Collect as much of the spilled material as possible using non-sparking tools. Clean up residue with an appropriate solvent selected by a qualified and authorized person. Ventilate the area with fresh air. Read and follow safety precautions on the solvent label and MSDS. Seal the container. In the event of a release of this material, the user should determine if the release qualifies as reportable according to local, state, and federal regulations. SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE 7.1 HANDLING Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed areas thoroughly with soap and water. Contents may be under pressure, open carefully. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flame, pilot lights and other sources of ignition. Ground containers securely when transferring contents. Wear low static or properly grounded shoes. Avoid breathing of vapors, mists or spray. Avoid static discharge. Avoid eye contact with vapors, mists, or spray. Keep out of the reach of children. Avoid breathing of dust created by cutting, sanding, grinding or machining. Do not breathe vapors. Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. Avoid eye contact with dust or airborne particles. Use general dilution ventilation and/or local exhaust ventilation to control airborne exposures to below Occupational Exposure Limits. If ventilation is not adequate, use respiratory protection equipment. Avoid skin contact. 7.2 STORAGE Store away from acids. Store away from heat. Store out of direct sunlight. Keep container in well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed. Store away from areas where product may come into contact with food or pharmaceuticals. Store away from oxidizing agents. SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION 8.1 ENGINEERING CONTROLS Use in an enclosed process area is recommended. Provide appropriate local exhaust for cutting, grinding, sanding or machining. Do not use in a confined area or areas with little or no air movement. Use general dilution ventilation and/or local exhaust ventilation to control airborne exposures to below Occupational Exposure Limits and/or control mist, vapor, or spray. If ventilation is not adequate, use respiratory protection equipment. 8.2 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Eye/Face Protection Avoid eye contact with vapors, mists, or spray. During grinding, scraping, sanding: Page 4 of 9

112 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 Avoid eye contact. The following eye protection(s) are recommended: Safety Glasses with side shields Indirect Vented Goggles Skin Protection Not applicable. Avoid skin contact. Select and use gloves and/or protective clothing to prevent skin contact based on the results of an exposure assessment. Consult with your glove and/or protective clothing manufacturer for selection of appropriate compatible materials. Gloves made from the following material(s) are recommended: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Polymer laminate Respiratory Protection Avoid breathing of vapors, mists or spray. Avoid breathing of dust created by cutting, sanding, grinding or machining. Do not breathe vapors. Do not breathe dust. Consult the current 3M Respirator Selection Guide for additional information or call for 3M technical assistance. An exposure assessment may be needed to decide if a respirator is required. If a respirator is needed, use respirators as part of a full respiratory protection program. Based on the results of the exposure assessment, select from the following respirator type(s) to reduce inhalation exposure: Half facepiece or full facepiece air-purifying respirator suitable for organic vapors and particulates For questions about suitability for a specific application, consult with your respirator manufacturer Prevention of Swallowing Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed areas thoroughly with soap and water. Do not ingest. 8.3 EXPOSURE GUIDELINES Ingredient Authority Type Limit Additional Information 1-METHOXY-2-PROPYL ACETATE AIHA TWA 50 ppm 1-METHOXY-2-PROPYL ACETATE CMRG TWA 10 mg/m3 1-METHOXY-2-PROPYL ACETATE CMRG STEL 90 ppm 2-BUTOXYETHANOL ACGIH TWA 20 ppm 2-BUTOXYETHANOL OSHA TWA 240 mg/m3 Skin Notation* ACETONE ACGIH TWA 500 ppm ACETONE ACGIH STEL 750 ppm ACETONE OSHA TWA 2400 mg/m3 CUMENE ACGIH TWA 50 ppm CUMENE OSHA TWA 245 mg/m3 Skin Notation* DIBUTYL PHTHALATE ACGIH TWA 5 mg/m3 DIBUTYL PHTHALATE OSHA TWA 5 mg/m3 ETHYLBENZENE ACGIH TWA 20 ppm ETHYLBENZENE CMRG TWA 25 ppm ETHYLBENZENE CMRG STEL 75 ppm ETHYLBENZENE OSHA TWA 435 mg/m3 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ACGIH TWA 200 ppm ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ACGIH STEL 400 ppm ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL OSHA TWA 980 mg/m3 LIMESTONE OSHA TWA, respirable 5 mg/m3 fraction LIMESTONE OSHA TWA, as total dust 15 mg/m3 MAGNESIUM CARBONATE OSHA TWA, respirable 5 mg/m3 fraction MAGNESIUM CARBONATE OSHA TWA, as total dust 15 mg/m3 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE ACGIH TWA 20 ppm Page 5 of 9

113 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE ACGIH STEL 75 ppm METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE OSHA TWA 410 mg/m3 QUARTZ SILICA ACGIH TWA, respirable mg/m3 fraction QUARTZ SILICA OSHA TWA concentration, 0.1 mg/m3 respirable QUARTZ SILICA OSHA TWA concentration, 0.3 mg/m3 as total dust XYLENE ACGIH TWA 100 ppm XYLENE ACGIH STEL 150 ppm XYLENE CMRG TWA 50 ppm XYLENE CMRG STEL 75 ppm XYLENE OSHA TWA 435 mg/m3 * Substance(s) refer to the potential contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membrane and eye, either by airborne or, more particularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption. SOURCE OF EXPOSURE LIMIT DATA: ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists CMRG: Chemical Manufacturer Recommended Guideline OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration AIHA: American Industrial Hygiene Association Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL) SECTION 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Specific Physical Form: Paste Odor, Color, Grade: Solvent Odor, Grean Smooth Paste General Physical Form: Liquid Autoignition temperature No Data Available Flash Point 63 ºF [Test Method: Closed Cup] Flammable Limits(LEL) 1.00 % Flammable Limits(UEL) % Boiling Point 132 ºF Density lb/gal Density 1.56 g/ml Vapor Density No Data Available Vapor Pressure Specific Gravity ph Melting point <=27 psia [@ ºF] [Details: MITS data] 1.56 [Ref Std: WATER=1] Not Applicable No Data Available Solubility in Water Nil Evaporation rate No Data Available Hazardous Air Pollutants 27.7 % weight [Test Method: Calculated] Volatile Organic Compounds 479 g/l [Test Method: calculated SCAQMD rule 443.1] Volatile Organic Compounds 30.2 % weight [Test Method: calculated per CARB title 2] Kow - Oct/Water partition coef No Data Available Percent volatile % VOC Less H2O & Exempt Solvents 479 g/l [Test Method: calculated SCAQMD rule 443.1] Viscosity centipoise SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Page 6 of 9

114 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 Stability: Stable. Materials and Conditions to Avoid: 10.1 Conditions to avoid Sparks and/or flames Heat 10.2 Materials to avoid Strong acids Strong oxidizing agents Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not occur. Hazardous Decomposition or By-Products Substance Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Toxic Vapor, Gas, Particulate Condition Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Please contact the address listed on the first page of the MSDS for Toxicological Information on this material and/or its components. SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Not determined. CHEMICAL FATE INFORMATION Not determined. SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Waste Disposal Method: Incinerate in a permitted hazardous waste incinerator. Combustion products will include HCl. Facility must be capable of handling halogenated materials. As a disposal alternative, dispose of waste product in a permitted hazardous waste facility. EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA): D001 (Ignitable) Since regulations vary, consult applicable regulations or authorities before disposal. SECTION 14:TRANSPORT INFORMATION ID Number(s): Page 7 of 9

115 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/ , , , , For Transport Information, please visit or call or SECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION US FEDERAL REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information. 311/312 Hazard Categories: Fire Hazard - Yes Pressure Hazard - No Reactivity Hazard - No Immediate Hazard - Yes Delayed Hazard - Yes Section 313 Toxic Chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of that section and 40 CFR part 372 (EPCRA): Ingredient C.A.S. No % by Wt 2-BUTOXYETHANOL (GLYCOL ETHERS) METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE ETHYLBENZENE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL MANUFACTURE (STRONG-ACID PROCESS)) XYLENE XYLENE (Benzene, 1,2-dimethyl-) XYLENE (Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-) XYLENE (Benzene, 1,4-dimethyl-) XYLENE (Benzene, dimethyl-) DIBUTYL PHTHALATE < 0.5 STATE REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information. CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 Ingredient C.A.S. No. Classification SILICA, CRYSTALLINE (AIRBORNE None **Carcinogen PARTICLES OF RESPIRABLE SIZE) CUMENE **Carcinogen DIBUTYL PHTHALATE *Female reproductive toxin DIBUTYL PHTHALATE *Male reproductive toxin DIBUTYL PHTHALATE *Developmental Toxin ETHYLBENZENE **Carcinogen METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE **Carcinogen * WARNING: contains a chemical or chemicals which can cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. ** WARNING: contains a chemical which can cause cancer. CHEMICAL INVENTORIES The components of this product are in compliance with the chemical notification requirements of TSCA. All applicable chemical ingredients in this material are listed on the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS), or are exempt polymers whose monomers are listed on EINECS. Contact 3M for more information. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information. Page 8 of 9

116 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M Bondo Glazing & Spot Putty 650, 651, 652C 08/22/12 WHMIS: Hazardous This MSDS has been prepared to meet the U.S. OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION NFPA Hazard Classification Health: 2 Flammability: 3 Reactivity: 0 Special Hazards: None National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) hazard ratings are designed for use by emergency response personnel to address the hazards that are presented by short-term, acute exposure to a material under conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies. Hazard ratings are primarily based on the inherent physical and toxic properties of the material but also include the toxic properties of combustion or decomposition products that are known to be generated in significant quantities. Revision Changes: Section 3: Potential effects from inhalation information was modified. Section 7: Handling information was modified. Section 7: Storage information was modified. Section 8: Engineering controls information was modified. Section 8: Skin protection phrase was modified. Section 8: Respiratory protection information was modified. Section 8: Prevention of swallowing information was modified. Section 13: EPA hazardous waste number (RCRA) information was modified. Section 8: Respiratory protection - recommended respirators information was modified. Section 8: Respiratory protection - recommended respirators was modified. Section 3: Other health effects information was modified. Section 8: Respiratory protection - recommended respirators guide was modified. Section 2: Ingredient table was modified. Section 3: Carcinogenicity table was modified. Section 15: California proposition 65 ingredient information was modified. Section 6: Environmental procedures information was modified. Copyright was modified. Section 9: Property description for required properties was deleted. Section 8: Respiratory protection - recommended respirators punctuation was deleted. Section 16: Reason for reissue heading was deleted. Section 16: Reason for reissue phrase was deleted. DISCLAIMER: The information in this Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is believed to be correct as of the date issued. 3M MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE. User is responsible for determining whether the 3M product is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's method of use or application. Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and application of a 3M product, some of which are uniquely within the user's knowledge and control, it is essential that the user evaluate the 3M product to determine whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's method of use or application. 3M provides information in electronic form as a service to its customers. Due to the remote possibility that electronic transfer may have resulted in errors, omissions or alterations in this information, 3M makes no representations as to its completeness or accuracy. In addition, information obtained from a database may not be as current as the information in the MSDS available directly from 3M 3M USA MSDSs are available at Page 9 of 9

117 AeroTech Division, RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet & Emergency Response Information Prepared in accordance with 29 CFR (g) Section 1. Product Identification Model rocket motor, high power rocket motor, hobby rocket motor, composite rocket motor, rocket motor kit, rocket motor reloading kit, containing varying amounts of solid propellant with the trade names White Lightning, Blue Thunder, Black Jack, Black Max, Redline, Warp-9 or Mojave Green. These products contain varying percentages of Ammonium Perchlorate, Strontium and/or Barium Nitrate dispersed in synthetic rubber with lesser amounts of proprietary ingredients such as burn rate modifiers and metal fuels. Rocket motor ejection charges contain black powder. Section 2. Physical Characteristics Black plastic cylinders or bags with various colored parts, little or no odor Section 3. Physical Hazards Rocket motors and reload kits are flammable; rocket motors may become propulsive in a fire. All propellants give off varying amounts of Hydrogen Chloride and Carbon Monoxide gas when burned, Mojave Green propellant also produces Barium Chloride. Section 4. Health Hazards Propellant is an irritant in the case of skin and eye contact, may be extremely hazardous in the case of ingestion, and may be toxic to kidneys, lungs and the nervous system. Symptoms include respiratory irritation, skin irritation, muscle tightness, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, weakness, labored breathing, irregular heartbeat, and convulsions. Inhalation of large amounts of combustion products may produce similar but lesser symptoms as ingestion. Section 5. Primary Routes of Entry Skin contact, ingestion, and inhalation.

118 Section 6. Permitted Exposure Limits None established for manufactured product. Section 7. Carcinogenic Potential None known. Section 8. Precautions for Safe Handling Disposable rubber gloves are recommended for handling Mojave Green propellant. Keep away from flames and other sources of heat. Do not smoke within 25 feet of product. Do not ingest. Do not breathe exhaust fumes. Keep in original packaging until ready for use. Section 9. Control Measures See section 8. Section 10. Emergency & First Aid Procedures If ingested, induce vomiting and call a physician. If combustion products are inhaled, move to fresh air and call a physician if ill effects are noted. In the case of skin contact, wash area immediately and contact a physician if severe skin rash or irritation develops. For mild burns use a first aid burn ointment. For severe burns immerse the burned area in cold water at once and see a physician immediately. Section 11. Date of Preparation or Revision July 20, 2010 Section 12. Contact Information AeroTech Division, RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc W. 850 N. St. Cedar City, UT (435) (Ph) (435) (Fax) customerservice@aerotech-rocketry.com Web: Emergency Response: Infotrac (352)

119 AeroTech Division, RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet & Emergency Response Information Prepared in accordance with 29 CFR (g) Section 1. Product Identification Copperhead igniter, FirstFire igniter, FirstFire Jr. igniter. These products contain varying percentages of Ammonium or Potassium Perchlorate, carbon black and carbon fibers dispersed in a flammable binder with lesser amounts of proprietary ingredients such as burn rate modifiers and a metal fuel. Section 2. Physical Characteristics Narrow copper foil strips or yellow wires coated with a small amount of black igniter composition on one end, little or no odor Section 3. Physical Hazards Igniters are flammable and may give off varying amounts of Hydrogen Chloride and Carbon Monoxide gas, soot and carbon fibers when burned. Section 4. Health Hazards Igniter coating may be hazardous in the case of ingestion, and may be toxic to kidneys, lungs and the nervous system. Symptoms may include respiratory irritation, skin irritation, muscle tightness, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, weakness, labored breathing, irregular heartbeat, and convulsions. Inhalation of large amounts of combustion products may produce similar but lesser symptoms as ingestion. Section 5. Primary Routes of Entry Ingestion, inhalation. Section 6. Permitted Exposure Limits None established for manufactured product.

120 Section 7. Carcinogenic Potential None known. Section 8. Precautions for Safe Handling Keep away from flames and other sources of heat. Do not smoke within 25 feet of product. Do not ingest. Do not breathe combustion products. Keep in original packaging until ready for use. Section 9. Control Measures See section 8. Section 10. Emergency & First Aid Procedures If ingested, induce vomiting and call a physician. If combustion products are inhaled, move to fresh air and call a physician if ill effects are noted. For mild burns use a first aid burn ointment. For severe burns immerse the burned area in cold water at once and see a physician immediately. Section 11. Date of Preparation or Revision July 20, 2010 Section 12. Contact Information AeroTech Division, RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc W. 850 N. St. Cedar City, UT (435) (Ph) (435) (Fax) customerservice@aerotech-rocketry.com Web: Emergency Response: Infotrac (352)

121 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date last revised 12/7/10 I. GENERAL INFORMATION Chemical Name & Synonyms: N/A Trade Name & Synonyms: Pyrogen Chemical Family: Plasticizers Formula: Trade Secret Product ID # ML-KIT or MagFire Kit CAS #: N/A Proper DOT Shipping Name: Flammable Liquid, n.o.s UN1993 DOT Hazard Classification: 3 Manufacturer: Rocketflite Manufacturer's Phone Number: Manufacturer's Address: Bremen Hwy. Mishawaka, IN Emergency Telephone # Same as above. sales@rocketflite.com II. INGREDIENTS Principal Hazardous Component: Mixture is considered a Trade Percent Threshold Limit Value (units) Secret. Componets will be disclosed per i.a.w.29 CFR (i) This product does not contain any lead compounds. III. PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point (F) 194 Degrees F (liquid) Specific Gravity (H20=1) -1 Vapor Pressure (mmhg) Percent Volatile by Volume (%) 73 Vapor Density (Air=1) Evaporation Rate ( =1) Solubility in Water: Resin precipitates when in liquid form. ph: Appearance and Odor: Grayish black color, sweetish odor IV. FIRE & EXPLOSIVE HAZARD DATA Flash Point (Test Method) 30 Degrees F (closed cup) Flammable Limits In Air: Lower 1.7 (MEK) Upper 11.4 (MEK) Auto Ignition Temperature LEL UEL Extinguishing Media: Graphite, Talc, Dry Sand or Metal Extinguishing Agents DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM, HALOGENS OR CO2. Special Firefighting Procedures: Wear SCBA and protective clothing, use of water on molten or burning magnesium will produce hydrogen gas on contact and may cause an explosion. CAUTION : THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS MAGNESIUM POWDER. Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazards: DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM, HALOGENS OR CO2. V. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Threshold Limit Value: OSHA Threshold Limit Value: ACGIH Threshold Limit Value: Carcinogen-NTP Program: Carcinogen-IARC Program: Symptoms of Exposure: Eye & skin irritation, moderately toxic, vapor may cause headaches and dizziness. Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: May aggravate existing dermatitis, asthma and fibrotic pulmonary disease. Primary Route(s) of Entry: Ingestion, skin, eyes and inhalation. Emergency First Aid: Swallowing - Do not induce vomiting. Do not give anything to drink. Obtain medical attention without delay. Inhalation - Remove to fresh air, if breathing is difficult obtain medical attention without delay. Eyes - Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes, obtain medical attention without delay, preferably from an ophthalmologist. Skin - wash thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. Note: This product contains high levels of Magnesium Powder. VI. REACTIVITY DATA Stability: Stable Unstable: Conditions to Avoid: Stable: Incompatibility: None Known Materials to Avoid: None Known Hazardous Polymerization: Will Not Occur Conditions to Avoid: None Known Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Chloride. VII. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES Spill Response: Extinguish and do not turn on any ignition source until the area is determined to be free from fire or explosion hazard. Wear suitable protective equipment. Collect for disposal. Avoid runoff to sewer or waterways. Waste Disposal Method: Incinerate in furnace where permitted under appropriate federal, state and local regulations. VIII. SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Eye Protection: Safety Glasses Skin Protection: Gloves Respiratory Protection (Specific type) Only in high concentrations Ventilation Recommended: Yes Other Protection: IX. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Hygienic Practices in Handling and Storage: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Never store in an inhabited building.

122 Quest Aerospace MSDS: Quest Q2G2 Igniter Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): QUEST AEROSPACE INC. PO Box 2976, Pagosa Springs, CO Phone: Fax: Quest Q2G2 Igniter 24-Hour HAZMAT: (800) PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION:: Model Rocket Igniter, Q2G2 Igniter (Quest trade name), and Toy Propellant Device (USPS) Basic Description(s): Igniters, division l.4s, UN0454, PG II Flammable Solid, organic, n.o.s., division 4.1 UN1325, PG II (per DOT-SP-7887) U.S. DOT EX Technical Name: Model Rocket Igniter 1.2 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS / IDENTITY INFORMATION: Q2G2 Igniters consist of a two-conductor lead wire coated with up to 50 milligrams of flammable material which consists primarily of carbon black, carbon fibers, ammonium or potassium perchlorate (NH4CI04 or KCL04) and aluminum dispersed in a nitrocellulose-based binder. 1.3 PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Physical State: Appearance and Odor: Boiling Point: Specific Gravity: Solid 3-8 long metal wires with black coating on one end with a slight to none odor. Decomposes Coating Averages.06-lb./cubic inch 1.4 FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE HAZARD DATA Auto ignition Temp: Extinguishing Media: Explosion: Approx. 550 Deg. F Water only None anticipated Special Fire Procedure: Fire action: Water - protect against toxic fumes Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: None End of Section 1.4 Page 1 of 3

123 1.5 Quest Aerospace MSDS: Quest Q2G2 Igniter Conditions to Avoid: Incompatibility (Material to Avoid): Hazardous Decomposition or By-products: Heat Acids Oxides of carbon, hydrogen chloride gas 1.6 HEALTH HAZARD DATA Effects of Overexposure: Acute: Chronic: None Known None Known Overexposure: Inhalation: Ingestion: Eyes: Ammonium and potassium perchlorate is a mild irritant to the skin, eyes mucous membranes and the digestive tract. Skin: Ammonium and potassium perchlorate is a mild irritant to the skin, eyes mucous membranes and the digestive tract. No information available Ammonium and potassium perchlorate is a mild irritant to the skin, eyes mucous membranes and the digestive tract. 1.7 EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES Ingestion: Inhalation: Skin Contact: Eye Contact: Note to Physician: If swallowed, induce vomiting. Call a physician. Avoid breathing fumes. For mild exhaust burns use a first aid burn ointment. For severe burns see a physician immediately. Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call a physician. Chemical of exposure is ammonium or potassium perchlorate, a mild gastric irritant. 1.8 REACTIVITY DATA Conditions to Avoid: Incompatibility: Hazardous Decomposition Products: Heat (coating auto ignites at approx. 550 Deg. F). Acids Oxides of carbon, hydrogen chloride gas End of Section 1.8 Page 2 of 3

124 Quest Aerospace MSDS: Quest Q2G2 Igniter 1.9 Spills: Waste Disposal Method: Return live igniters to manufacturer. Dispose of spent igniters in inert trash. 2.0 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Ventilation Requirements: None. Do not use igniters indoors. Specific Personal Protective Equipment: Respiratory: None. Avoid breathing exhaust fumes. Other Handling and Storage Requirements: Store igniters away from sources of heat and highly flammable materials. End of Section 2.0 End of Material Safety Data Sheet Rev. 11/2009

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130 STRUST +SSPR 6PK GLS LOBSTER RED Page 1 of 5 Material Safety Data Sheet Section 1 - Chemical Product / Company Information 24 Hour Assistance: Rust-Oleum Corp. Product Name: Identification Number: STRUST +SSPR 6PK GLS LOBSTER RED Product Use/Class: Topcoat/Aerosol Supplier: Rust-Oleum Corporation 11 Hawthorn Parkway Vernon Hills, IL USA Preparer: Regulatory Department Revision Date: 12/20/2011 Manufacturer: Rust-Oleum Corporation 11 Hawthorn Parkway Vernon Hills, IL USA Section 2 - Composition / Information On Ingredients Chemical Name CAS Number Weight % Less Than ACGIH TLV-TWA ACGIH TLV-STEL OSHA PEL-TWA OSHA PEL CEILING Acetone ppm 750 ppm 1000 ppm N.E. Liquefied Petroleum Gas N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. Xylene ppm 150 ppm 100 ppm N.E. n-butyl Acetate ppm 200 ppm 150 ppm N.E. Ethylbenzene ppm 125 ppm 100 ppm N.E. Propylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. Section 3 - Hazards Identification *** Emergency Overview ***: Harmful if inhaled. May affect the brain or nervous system causing dizziness, headache or nausea. Contents Under Pressure. Vapors may cause flash fire or explosion. Harmful if swallowed. Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Effects Of Overexposure - Eye Contact: Causes eye irritation. Effects Of Overexposure - Skin Contact: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause skin irritation. Substance may cause slight skin irritation. Effects Of Overexposure - Inhalation: High vapor concentrations are irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Avoid breathing vapors or mists. Harmful if inhaled. High gas, vapor, mist or dust concentrations may be harmful if inhaled. Effects Of Overexposure - Ingestion: Aspiration hazard if swallowed; can enter lungs and cause damage. Substance may be harmful if swallowed. Effects Of Overexposure - Chronic Hazards: IARC lists Ethylbenzene as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). May cause central nervous system disorder (e.g., narcosis involving a loss of coordination, weakness, fatigue, mental confusion, and blurred vision) and/or damage. Reports have associated repeated and prolonged

131 STRUST +SSPR 6PK GLS LOBSTER RED Page 2 of 5 occupational overexposure to solvents with permanent brain and nervous system damage. Overexposure to xylene in laboratory animals has been associated with liver abnormalities, kidney, lung, spleen, eye and blood damage as well as reproductive disorders. Effects in humans, due to chronic overexposure, have included liver, cardiac abnormalities and nervous system damage. Primary Route(s) Of Entry: Skin Contact, Skin Absorption, Inhalation, Ingestion, Eye Contact Section 4 - First Aid Measures First Aid - Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes holding eyelids open. Get medical attention. Do NOT allow rubbing of eyes or keeping eyes closed. First Aid - Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists. First Aid - Inhalation: If you experience difficulty in breathing, leave the area to obtain fresh air. If continued difficulty is experienced, get medical assistance immediately. First Aid - Ingestion: Aspiration hazard: Do not induce vomiting or give anything by mouth because this material can enter the lungs and cause severe lung damage. Get immediate medical attention. Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Flash Point: -156 F (Setaflash) Extinguishing Media: Film Forming Foam, Carbon Dioxide, Dry Chemical, Dry Sand, Water Fog Unusual Fire And Explosion Hazards: Perforation of the pressurized container may cause bursting of the can. Isolate from heat, electrical equipment, sparks and open flame. FLASH POINT IS LESS THAN 20. F. - EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR! Water spray may be ineffective. Closed containers may explode when exposed to extreme heat. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors can travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Keep containers tightly closed. Special Firefighting Procedures: Evacuate area and fight fire from a safe distance. Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Steps To Be Taken If Material Is Released Or Spilled: Contain spilled liquid with sand or earth. DO NOT use combustible materials such as sawdust. Remove all sources of ignition, ventilate area and remove with inert absorbent and non-sparking tools. Dispose of according to local, state (provincial) and federal regulations. Do not incinerate closed containers. Section 7 - Handling And Storage Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash hands before eating. Use only in a well -ventilated area. Follow all MSDS/label precautions even after container is emptied because it may retain product residues. Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Storage: Contents under pressure. Do not expose to heat or store above 120 F. Keep containers tightly closed. Isolate from heat, electrical equipment, sparks and open flame. Do not store above 120 F. Store large quantities in buildings designed and protected for storage of NFPA Class I flammable liquids. Section 8 - Exposure Controls / Personal Protection

132 STRUST +SSPR 6PK GLS LOBSTER RED Page 3 of 5 Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. Use explosion-proof ventilation equipment. Prevent build -up of vapors by opening all doors and windows to achieve cross-ventilation. Respiratory Protection: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA and ANSI Z88.2 requirements must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use. A NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge or canister may be permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits. Protection provided by air purifying respirators is limited. Use a positive pressure air supplied respirator if there is any potential for an uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known, or in any other circumstances where air purifying respirators may not provide adequate protection. Skin Protection: Nitrile or Neoprene gloves may afford adequate skin protection. Use impervious gloves to prevent skin contact and absorption of this material through the skin. Eye Protection: Use safety eyewear designed to protect against splash of liquids. Other protective equipment: Refer to safety supervisor or industrial hygienist for further information regarding personal protective equipment and its application. Hygienic Practices: Wash thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking. Section 9 - Physical And Chemical Properties Vapor Density: Heavier than Air Odor: Solvent Like Appearance: Aerosolized Mist Evaporation Rate: Faster than Ether Solubility in H2O: Slight Freeze Point: N.D. Specific Gravity: ph: N.A. Physical State: Liquid (See section 16 for abbreviation legend) Section 10 - Stability And Reactivity Conditions To Avoid: Avoid temperatures above 120 F. Avoid all possible sources of ignition. Incompatibility: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong alkalies. Hazardous Decomposition: When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. By open flame, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur under normal conditions. Stability: This product is stable under normal storage conditions. Section 11 - Toxicological Information Chemical Name LD50 LC50 Acetone 5800 mg/kg (Rat) mg/m3 (Rat, 8Hr) Liquefied Petroleum Gas N.E. N.E. Xylene 4300 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) 5000 ppm (Rat, Inhalation, 4Hr)

133 STRUST +SSPR 6PK GLS LOBSTER RED Page 4 of 5 n-butyl Acetate mg/kg (Rat, Oral) 2000 ppm (Rat, Inhalation, 4 Hr) Ethylbenzene 3500 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) N.E. Propylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 2200 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) N.E. Section 12 - Ecological Information Ecological Information: Product is a mixture of listed components. Section 13 - Disposal Information Disposal Information: Dispose of material in accordance to local, state and federal regulations and ordinances. Do not allow to enter storm drains or sewer systems. Section 14 - Transportation Information Domestic (USDOT) International (IMDG) Air (IATA) Proper Shipping Name: Consumer Commodity Aerosols Aerosols Hazard Class: ORM-D UN Number: N.A. UN1950 UN1950 Packing Group: N.A. N.A. N.A. Limited Quantity: No Yes Yes Section 15 - Regulatory Information CERCLA - SARA Hazard Category This product has been reviewed according to the EPA "Hazard Categories" promulgated under Sections 311and 312 of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA Title III) and is considered, under applicable definitions, to meet the following categories: IMMEDIATE HEALTH HAZARD, CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD, FIRE HAZARD, PRESSURIZED GAS HAZARD SARA Section 313: Listed below are the substances (if any) contained in this product that are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR part 372: Chemical Name CAS Number Xylene Ethylbenzene Toxic Substances Control Act: Listed below are the substances (if any) contained in this product that are subject to the reporting requirements of TSCA 12(B) if exported from the United States: International Regulations: As follows - CANADIAN WHMIS:

134 STRUST +SSPR 6PK GLS LOBSTER RED Page 5 of 5 This MSDS has been prepared in compliance with Controlled Product Regulations except for the use of the 16 headings. CANADIAN WHMIS CLASS: AB5 D2A Section 16 - Other Information HMIS Ratings: Health: 2* Flammability: 4 Physical Hazard: 0 Personal Protection: X NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 4 Instability: 0 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, g/l: 499 REASON FOR REVISION: Regulatory Update Legend: N.A. - Not Applicable, N.E. - Not Established, N.D. - Not Determined Rust-Oleum Corporation believes, to the best of its knowledge, information and belief, the information contained herein to be accurate and reliable as of the date of this material safety data sheet. However, because the conditions of handling, use, and storage of these materials are beyond our control, we assume no responsibility or liability for personal injury or property damage incurred by the use of these materials. Rust-Oleum Corporation makes no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy or reliability of the data or results obtained from their use. All materials may present unknown hazards and should be used with caution. The information and recommendations in this material safety data sheet are offered for the users consideration and examination. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the final suitability of this information and to comply with all applicable international, federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

135 STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Page 1 of 6 Material Safety Data Sheet Section 1 - Chemical Product / Company Information 24 Hour Assistance: Rust-Oleum Corp. Product Name: Identification Number: STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Product Use/Class: Primer/Aerosol Supplier: Rust -Oleum Corporation 11 Hawthorn Parkway Vernon Hills, IL USA Preparer: Regulatory Department Revision Date: 09/27/2011 Manufacturer: Rust-Oleum Corporation 11 Hawthorn Parkway Vernon Hills, IL USA Section 2 - Composition / Information On Ingredients Chemical Name CAS Number Weight % Less Than ACGIH TLV-TWA ACGIH TLV-STEL OSHA PEL-TWA OSHA PEL CEILING Liquefied Petroleum Gas N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. Magnesium Silicate mg/m3 N.E. 0.1 mg/m3 (Respirable) N.E. Acetone ppm 750 ppm 1000 ppm N.E. Xylene ppm 150 ppm 100 ppm N.E. Aliphatic Hydrocarbon ppm N.E. 100 ppm N.E. Mineral Spirits ppm N.E. 100 ppm N.E. n-butyl Acetate ppm 200 ppm 150 ppm N.E. Titanium Dioxide mg/m3 N.E. 15 mg/m3 (Total Dust) N.E. Aromatic Petroleum Distillates N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. Ethylbenzene ppm 125 ppm 100 ppm N.E. Section 3 - Hazards Identification *** Emergency Overview ***: Contents Under Pressure. Harmful if inhaled. May affect the brain or nervous system causing dizziness, headache or nausea. Vapors may cause flash fire or explosion. Harmful if swallowed. Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Effects Of Overexposure - Eye Contact: Causes eye irritation. Effects Of Overexposure - Skin Contact: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause skin irritation. Substance may cause slight skin irritation. Effects Of Overexposure - Inhalation: High vapor concentrations are irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Avoid breathing vapors or mists. High gas, vapor, mist or dust concentrations may be harmful if inhaled. Harmful if inhaled. Effects Of Overexposure - Ingestion: Aspiration hazard if swallowed; can enter lungs and cause damage. Substance may be harmful if swallowed.

136 STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Page 2 of 6 Effects Of Overexposure - Chronic Hazards: IARC lists Ethylbenzene as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). Contains Titanium Dioxide. Titanium Dioxide is listed as a Group 2B-"Possibly carcinogenic to humans" by IARC. Significant exposure is not anticipated during brush application or drying. Risk of overexposure depends on duration and level of exposure to dust from repeated sanding of surfaces or spray mist and the actual concentration of Titanium Dioxide in the formula. May cause central nervous system disorder (e.g., narcosis involving a loss of coordination, weakness, fatigue, mental confusion, and blurred vision) and/or damage. Reports have associated repeated and prolonged occupational overexposure to solvents with permanent brain and nervous system damage. Overexposure to xylene in laboratory animals has been associated with liver abnormalities, kidney, lung, spleen, eye and blood damage as well as reproductive disorders. Effects in humans, due to chronic overexposure, have included liver, cardiac abnormalities and nervous system damage. Primary Route(s) Of Entry: Skin Contact, Skin Absorption, Inhalation, Ingestion, Eye Contact Section 4 - First Aid Measures First Aid - Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes holding eyelids open. Get medical attention. Do NOT allow rubbing of eyes or keeping eyes closed. First Aid - Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists. First Aid - Inhalation: If you experience difficulty in breathing, leave the area to obtain fresh air. If continued difficulty is experienced, get medical assistance immediately. First Aid - Ingestion: Aspiration hazard: Do not induce vomiting or give anything by mouth because this material can enter the lungs and cause severe lung damage. Get immediate medical attention. Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Flash Point: -156 F (Setaflash) Extinguishing Media: Film Forming Foam, Carbon Dioxide, Dry Chemical, Dry Sand, Water Fog Unusual Fire And Explosion Hazards: FLASH POINT IS LESS THAN 20. F. - EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR! Perforation of the pressurized container may cause bursting of the can. Isolate from heat, electrical equipment, sparks and open flame. Keep containers tightly closed. Water spray may be ineffective. Closed containers may explode when exposed to extreme heat. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors can travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Special Firefighting Procedures: Evacuate area and fight fire from a safe distance. Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Steps To Be Taken If Material Is Released Or Spilled: Contain spilled liquid with sand or earth. DO NOT use combustible materials such as sawdust. Remove all sources of ignition, ventilate area and remove with inert absorbent and non-sparking tools. Dispose of according to local, state (provincial) and federal regulations. Do not incinerate closed containers. Section 7 - Handling And Storage Handling: Follow all MSDS/label precautions even after container is emptied because it may retain product residues. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash hands before eating.

137 STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Page 3 of 6 Storage: Do not store above 120 F. Store large quantities in buildings designed and protected for storage of NFPA Class I flammable liquids. Contents under pressure. Do not expose to heat or store above 120 F. Keep containers tightly closed. Isolate from heat, electrical equipment, sparks and open flame. Section 8 - Exposure Controls / Personal Protection Engineering Controls: Prevent build-up of vapors by opening all doors and windows to achieve cross -ventilation. Use explosion-proof ventilation equipment. Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. Respiratory Protection: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA and ANSI Z88.2 requirements must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use. A NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge or canister may be permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits. Protection provided by air purifying respirators is limited. Use a positive pressure air supplied respirator if there is any potential for an uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known, or in any other circumstances where air purifying respirators may not provide adequate protection. Skin Protection: Nitrile or Neoprene gloves may afford adequate skin protection. Use impervious gloves to prevent skin contact and absorption of this material through the skin. Eye Protection: Use safety eyewear designed to protect against splash of liquids. Other protective equipment: Refer to safety supervisor or industrial hygienist for further information regarding personal protective equipment and its application. Hygienic Practices: Wash thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking. Section 9 - Physical And Chemical Properties Vapor Density: Heavier than Air Odor: Solvent Like Appearance: Aerosolized Mist Evaporation Rate: Faster than Ether Solubility in H2O: Slight Freeze Point: N.D. Specific Gravity: ph: N.A. Physical State: Liquid (See section 16 for abbreviation legend) Section 10 - Stability And Reactivity Conditions To Avoid: Avoid temperatures above 120 F. Avoid all possible sources of ignition. Incompatibility: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong alkalies. Hazardous Decomposition: By open flame, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur under normal conditions. Stability: This product is stable under normal storage conditions.

138 STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Page 4 of 6 Section 11 - Toxicological Information Chemical Name LD50 LC50 Liquefied Petroleum Gas N.E. N.E. Magnesium Silicate N.E. TCLo: 11 mg/m3 (Inhalation) Acetone 5800 mg/kg (Rat) mg/m3 (Rat, 8Hr) Xylene 4300 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) 5000 ppm (Rat, Inhalation, 4Hr) Aliphatic Hydrocarbon >5000 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) N.E. Mineral Spirits >5000 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) >1400 ppm (Rat, Inhalation, 4Hr) n-butyl Acetate mg/kg (Rat, Oral) 2000 ppm (Rat, Inhalation, 4 Hr) Titanium Dioxide >7500 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) N.E. Aromatic Petroleum Distillates 4900 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) N.E. Ethylbenzene 3500 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) N.E. Section 12 - Ecological Information Ecological Information: Product is a mixture of listed components. Section 13 - Disposal Information Disposal Information: Dispose of material in accordance to local, state and federal regulations and ordinances. Do not allow to enter storm drains or sewer systems. Section 14 - Transportation Information Domestic (USDOT) International (IMDG) Air (IATA) Proper Shipping Name: Consumer Commodity Aerosols Aerosols Hazard Class: ORM-D UN Number: N.A. UN1950 UN1950 Packing Group: N.A. N.A. N.A. Limited Quantity: No Yes Yes Section 15 - Regulatory Information CERCLA - SARA Hazard Category This product has been reviewed according to the EPA "Hazard Categories" promulgated under Sections 311and 312 of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA Title III) and is considered, under applicable definitions, to meet the following categories: IMMEDIATE HEALTH HAZARD, CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD, FIRE HAZARD, PRESSURIZED GAS HAZARD SARA Section 313: Listed below are the substances (if any) contained in this product that are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR part 372: Chemical Name CAS Number Xylene Aromatic Petroleum Distillates

139 STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Page 5 of 6 Ethylbenzene Toxic Substances Control Act: Listed below are the substances (if any) contained in this product that are subject to the reporting requirements of TSCA 12(B) if exported from the United States: U.S. State Regulations: As follows - New Jersey Right-to-Know: The following materials are non-hazardous, but are among the top five components in this product. Chemical Name Alkyd Resin CAS Number PROPRIETARY Pennsylvania Right-to-Know: The following non-hazardous ingredients are present in the product at greater than 3%. Chemical Name Alkyd Resin CAS Number PROPRIETARY International Regulations: As follows - CANADIAN WHMIS: This MSDS has been prepared in compliance with Controlled Product Regulations except for the use of the 16 headings. CANADIAN WHMIS CLASS: AB5 D2A D2B Section 16 - Other Information HMIS Ratings: Health: 2* Flammability: 4 Physical Hazard: 0 Personal Protection: X NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 4 Instability: 0 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, g/l: 539 REASON FOR REVISION: Regulatory Update Legend: N.A. - Not Applicable, N.E. - Not Established, N.D. - Not Determined Rust-Oleum Corporation believes, to the best of its knowledge, information and belief, the information contained herein to be accurate and reliable as of the date of this material safety data sheet. However, because the conditions of handling, use, and storage of these materials are beyond our control, we assume no responsibility or liability for personal injury or property damage incurred by the use of these materials. Rust-Oleum Corporation makes no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy or reliability of the data or results obtained from

140 STRUST +SSPR 6PK FLAT LT GRAY AUTO PRIME Page 6 of 6 their use. All materials may present unknown hazards and should be used with caution. The information and recommendations in this material safety data sheet are offered for the users consideration and examination. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the final suitability of this information and to comply with all applicable international, federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

141 Ascent Battery Supply, LLC 925 Walnut Ridge Drive Hartland, Wisconsin Material Safety Data Sheet Alkaline (Manganese Dioxide) The information and recommendations below are believed to be accurate at the date of preparation. Ascent Battery Supply makes no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information and we assume no liability resulting from its use. This MSDS provides guidelines for safe use and handling of the product. It does not and cannot advise all possible situations. Your specific use of this product should be evaluated to determine if additional precautions must be taken. Emergency Distributed By: Ascent Battery Supply, LLC 925 Walnut Ridge Drive Address: Hartland, Wisconsin Revision Date: 10/07 SECTION 1 IDENTITY Product Name Common Synonyms DOT Description Chemical Name Manganese Dioxide Battery Alkaline Dry Battery Manganese Dioxide; Primary Battery SECTION 2 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Number INFOTRAC (800) Overseas Emergency Number INFOTRAC (352) (Collect) Chemical Name CAS No. Percentage % Manganese Dioxide Zinc Graphite Potassium Hydroxide Stainless Steel N/A 12 Plastic N/A 2 SECTION 3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Boiling Point NA Melting Point NA Vapor Pressure NA Vapor Density NA Specific Gravity NA Percent Volatile By Volume NA Solubility in Water NA Reactivity in Water NA Appearance and Odor Geometric, solid object Evaporation Rate NA Flash Point NA Flammable Limits in Air % by Volume Extinguisher Media Use Water, foam or dry Auto-Ignition Temperature powder NA NA Special Fire Fighting Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards Wear self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid inhalation of hazardous decomposition products. Cells may rupture when exposed to excessive heat. This could result in the release of flammable or corrosive materials

142 SECTION 4 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Stable or Unstable Stable Conditions to Avoid Electrical shorting the cell. Incompatibility NA (Materials to Avoid) Hazardous NA Decomposition Products Hazardous Polymerization Will Not Occur SECTION 5 HEALTH HAZARDS Threshold Limit Value Signs and Symptoms of Exposure Medical Conditions Generally Caused by Exposure Routes of Entry NA None (In fire or rupture situation see section 2 and section 4.) Chemicals may cause burns to skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and mucous membranes. Skin, Eyes, Swallowing Emergency and First Manganese Dioxide Chemicals Aid Procedures for 1. Inhalation Get fresh air. If symptoms persist seek medical attention 2. Eyes and Skin If a cell ruptures, flush with copious quatities of flowing lukewarm water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Get immediate medical attention for eyes. Wash skin with soap and water. 4. Ingestion Ingestion of battery chemicals can be harmful. Call The National Battery Ingestion Hotline ( ) 24 hours a day, for procedures treating ingestion of chemicals. Do not induce vomiting. SECTION 6 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Respiratory Protection NA Ventilation NA Local Exhaust NA Gloves Wear gloves if cell Safety Glasses ruptures, is corroded or leaking chemicals. Other Protective NA Equipment Mechanical NA (General) Always wear safety glasses when working with batteries and cells. SECTION 7 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS SPILL AND LEAKAGE PROCEDURES Precautions to be Taken when Handling and Storing Other Precautions Steps to be Taken if chemicals are spilled Waste Disposal Transportation Store in dry place. Storing unpacked cells together could result in cells shorting and heating to the point of rupturing. If packaging materials are not available place masking taped on positive and negatives ends of the cells. If cells are leaking or rupture, prevent skin and eye contact and collect all released material in a plastic lined metal container. Manganese Dioxide (Alkaline) batteries have no hazardous waste characteristics and can be landfilled. These are considered to be "Dry Batteries" and are not considered a "Hazardous Material" per U.S. DOT (Department of Transportation) regulations or "dangerous goods" per IATA (International Air Transport Associtation) regulations

143 Ascent Battery Supply, LLC 925 Walnut Ridge Drive Hartland, Wisconsin Material Safety Data Sheet Lithium Polymer The information and recommendations below are believed to be accurate at the date of preparation. Ascent Battery Supply makes no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information and we assume no liability resulting from its use. This MSDS provides guidelines for safe use and handling of the product. It does not and cannot advise all possible situations. Your specific use of this product should be evaluated to determine if additional precautions must be taken. Emergency Distributed By Address Revision Date Ascent Battery Supply, LLC Ascent Battery Supply 925 Walnut Ridge Drive Hartland, Wisconsin April/2011 SECTION 1 IDENTITY Product Name Common Synonyms DOT Description Chemical Name Rayovac Lithium Polymer Battery Li-Poly, Li-Polymer Dry Battery Lithiated Cobalt Oxide SECTION 2 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Number INFOTRAC (800) Overseas Emergency Number INFOTRAC (352) (Collect) Chemical Name CAS No. Percentage % Lithium Cobalt Oxide Carbon n/a Aluminum Nickel n/a Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) n/a 0-5 Aluminum Packing Foil n/a 5-15 Copper Organic Solvents n/a SECTION 3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Boiling Point NA Melting Point NA Vapor Pressure NA Vapor Density NA Specific Gravity NA Percent Volatile By Volume NA Solubility in Water NA Reactivity in Water NA Appearance and Odor Geometric, solid object Evaporation Rate NA Flash Point NA Flammable Limits in Air % NA by Volume Extinguisher Media CO2, Dry chemical. Auto-Ignition Temperature NA Special Fire Fighting Procedures Use a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus if batteries are involved in a fire. Full protective clothing is necessary. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards Cells or batteries may flame or leak potentially hazardous organic vapors if exposed to excessive heat or fire. Damaged or opened cells or batteries can result in rapid heating and the release of flammable vapors. Vapors may be heavier than air and may travel along the ground or be moved by ventilation to an ignition source and flash back. Possible formation of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphorous oxides during fire. LiPF6 salt contained in the electrolyte releases hydrogen fluoride (HF) in contact with water. During water application, caution is advised as burning pieces of flammable particles may be ejected from the fire

144 SECTION 4 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Stable or Unstable Stable Conditions to Avoid Heat above 70 C or incinerate. Do not deform, mutilate, crush, pierce, or disassemble. Do not short circuit or expose to humid conditions. Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Hazardous Decomposition Products NA Corrosive/Irritant Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is produced in case of reaction of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) with water. Combustible vapors and formation of Hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphorous oxides during fire.. SECTION 5 HEALTH HAZARDS Threshold Limit Value Signs and Symptoms of Exposure NA Following cell overheating due to external source or due to improper use, electrolyte leakage or battery container rupture may occur and release inner component/material in the environment. Electrolyte solution contained in the battery causes ocular tissue and skin irritation. Ingestion of electrolyte solution causes tissue damage to throat and gastro/respiratory tract. Contents of a leaking or ruptured battery can cause respiratory tract, mucus, membrane irritation and edema. Medical Conditions Generally Caused by Exposure Routes of Entry The materials contained in this battery may only represent a hazard if the integrity of the battery is compromised or if the battery is physically or electrically abused. Acute exposure: Electrolyte may irritate skin and eyes. Skin, eyes, swallowing, and inhalation Emergency and First Aid Procedures for 1. Inhalation Get fresh air. If symptoms persist seek medical attention 2. Eyes and Skin If a cell ruptures, flush with copious quatities of flowing lukewarm water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Get immediate medical attention for eyes. Wash skin with soap and water. 4. Ingestion Ingestion of battery chemicals can be harmful. Call The National Battery Ingestion Hotline ( ) 24 hours a day, for procedures treating ingestion of chemicals. Do not induce vomiting. SECTION 6 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Respiratory Protection In case of battery rupture, use self-contained full-face respiratory equipment Ventilation N/A Local Exhaust NA Mechanical (General) NA Gloves Use Viton rubber gloves if Safety Glasses handling a leaking or ruptured battery Other Protective Equipment Wear safety goggles or glasses with side shields if handling a leaking or ruptured battery. Use self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid breathing irritant fumes. Wear protective clothing and equipment to prevent body contact with electrolyte solution. SECTION 7 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS SPILL AND LEAKAGE PROCEDURES Precautions to be Taken when Handling and Storing Other Precautions Batteries are designed to be recharged. However, improperly charging a cell or battery may cause the cell or battery to flame. Use only approved chargers and procedures. Never disassemble a battery or bypass any safety device. Should a battery unintentionally be crushed, thus releasing its contents, rubber gloves must be used to handle all battery components. Avoid inhalation of any vapors that may be emitted. Do not store batteries above 60 C or below -32 C. Store batteries in a cool (below 21 C (70 F)), dry area that is subject to little temperature change. Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life. Battery exposure to temperatures in excess of 130 C will result in the battery

145 Steps to be Taken if chemicals are spilled Waste Disposal venting flammable liquid and gases. Do not store batteries in a manner that allows terminals to short circuit. If cells are leaking or rupture, prevent skin and eye contact and collect all released material in a plastic lined metal container. Personal protective equipment for damaged batteries should include chemical resistant gloves and safety glasses. To prevent short circuit, batteries should be completely discharged prior to disposal, terminals taped and/or capped. When completely discharged it is not considered hazardous. This product does not contain any materials listed by the United States EPA as requiring specific waste disposal requirements. These are exempted from the hazardous waste disposal standards under Universal Waste Regulations. Disposal of large quantities of Lithium Ion batteries or cells may be subject to Local, State or Federal / Provincial regulations. Consult your Local, State and Federal / Provincial regulations regarding disposal of these batteries. SECTION 8 TRANSPORTATION AND REGULATORY INFORMATION Shipping and Transportation 1) Product is shipped as: Ground (DOT) Non-Hazardous by ground UN3090 Air (IATA/ICAO) Lithium ion Batteries Not restricted UN3090 Sea (IMDG) Lithium ion Batteries Not restricted (2) Special shipping information. These batteries have been tested to Section 38.3 of UN Manual of Test and Criteria. It is below the limits set by the 2010 IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations 51st edition Packing Instruction 965 Section II is applied. And they are out of scope for Special Provision A154. Also the consignment complies with the current edition 51st 2010 of the IATA regulation 1) Section II of Packing Instruction - PI965 for Lithium Ion Batteries (UN3480) 2) UN manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, sub-section 38.3 (withstanding a 1.2m drop (test); 3) Watt-hour rating is not more than 100 Wh which shown on the batteries 4) Labeled with a lithium battery handling label 5) Package permissible gross weight has been observed (Cargo Aircraft is 10kg Gross) Regulatory Information The transport of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries is regulated by various bodies (IATA, IMO, ADR, US-DOT) that follow the United Nations "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, 13th Revised edition Ref. ST/SG/AC.10/1 Rev. 13". Depending on their lithium metal equivalent weight content, design, and ability to pass safety tests defined by the UN in the "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Good - Manual of Tests and Criteria - 3rd Revised edition Ref. ST/SG/AC.10/11 Rev.3 Amendment 1 «Lithium Batteries»", the lithium-ion cells and the battery packs may or may not be assigned to the UN N 3090 Class-9, that is restricted for transport. Individual lithium-ion cells and battery packs with respectively less than 1.5 and 8 grams of equivalent lithium metal content that pass the UN-defined safety tests, are not restricted for transport (1.0 Ah of declared nominal capacity = 0.3 gram of Li equivalent weight content). Other Information The information contained herein is furnished without warranty of any kind. Users should consider this data only as a supplement to other information gathered by them and must make independent determinations of the suitability and completeness of information from all sources to assure proper use and disposal of these materials and the safety and health of employees and customers

146 SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) According to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 Page 1/9 Printing Date 08/14/2014 Version number 7 Reviewed on 08/14/2014 * 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Trade name: 1544 Soldering Flux Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Soldering Flux Professional use of solder 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet This Safety Data Sheet has been updated in accordance with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS). Manufacturer/Supplier: Kester Inc. 800 West Thorndale Ave. Itasca, IL Tel (630) Kester Components Pte Ltd 500 Chai Chee Lane Singapore Tel: Information department: Product Compliance: EHS_Kester@kester.com 1.4 Emergency telephone number: CHEMTREC 24-Hour Emergency Response Telephone Number : (800) CHEMTREC 24-Hour Emergency Response (Outside US & Canada) Telephone Number : (703) * 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 GHS02 Flame Flam. Liq. 2 H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor. GHS08 Health hazard Resp. Sens. 1 H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. Acute Tox. 4 Acute Tox. 4 Eye Irrit. 2A Skin Sens. 1 STOT SE 3 GHS07 H302 Harmful if swallowed. H332 Harmful if inhaled. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness. 2.2 Label elements Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 The product is classified and labeled according to the CLP regulation. Hazard pictograms GHS02 GHS07 GHS08 (Contd. on page 2) USA