Case studies will be used to illustrate the application of hazard risks encountered in the University

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3 Case studies will be used to illustrate the application of hazard risks encountered in the University 3

4 DSO = Department Safety officer thosewho write up the hazard risk register. 4

5 The legal responsibilities are described in S:30. Only two options are given eliminate or minimize. We will expand that shortly. S:36 to 40 extend the duty to staff, contractors, volunteers (workers), visitors and students (other people) and physical world of plant, structures and substances. Intellectual or stakeholder involvement contributing to the physical world is captured in supply chain duties: of design, supply, install, commission etc. The duties must be delivered by Massey staff as workers for Massey. 5

6 Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of a good occupational health and safety management plan. They help to: Create awareness of hazards and risks. Identify who may be at risk (employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc). Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done. Prevent injuries or illnesses when done at the design or planning stage. Prioritize hazards and control measures Tē tōia, tē haumatia.mp3 Nothing can be achieved without a plan, workforce and way of doing things. E toia, e hoematua 6

7 The online hazard system will be used to produce a matrix for Council to meet their duties as Officers. In this section, due diligence includes taking reasonable steps (b) to gain an understanding of the nature of the operations of the University and generally of the hazards and risks associated with those operations; and (c) to ensure that the University has available for use, and uses, appropriate resources and processes to eliminate or minimise risks to health and safety from the work carried out The 2D matrix will display each Department and what hazards they have against a preset taxonomy. Colour is used to display the priority assigned to the hazard risk while n/a, green low, orange medium, and red high risk activity. Black is reserved for where a Department has a hazard risk which is not on the register recent examples have been: research diving, student violence. 7

8 Hazard means a situation or thing that has the potential to harm a person. Hazards at work may include: noisy machinery, a moving forklift, chemicals, electricity, working at heights, a repetitive job, bullying and violence at the workplace. In NZ: hazard includes a person s behaviour where that behaviour has the potential to cause death, injury, or illness to a person (whether or not that behaviour results from physical or mental fatigue, drugs, alcohol, traumatic shock, or another temporary condition that affects a person s behaviour) 8

9 The definition is significant, it means that which is, or was, at a particular time, reasonably able to be done in relation to ensuring health and safety, taking into account and weighing up all relevant matters, including (a) the likelihood of the hazard or the risk concerned occurring; and (b) the degree of harm that might result from the hazard or risk; and (c) what the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about (i) the hazard or risk; and (ii) ways of eliminating or minimising the risk; and (d) the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimise the risk; And (e) after assessing the extent of the risk and the available ways of eliminating or minimising the risk, the cost associated with available ways of eliminating or minimising the risk, including whether the cost is grossly disproportionate to the risk. 9

10 identify hazards find out what could cause harm the HSAW regulation make this a statutorily requirementr:5 assess risks if necessary understand the nature of the harm that could be caused by the hazard, how serious the harm could be and the likelihood of it happening. if you can t eliminate apply control risks implement the most effective control measure that is reasonably practicable in the circumstances review control measures to ensure they are working as planned. Each of the steps is addressed in more detail 10

11 WHERE people work campus, off campus, field work WHAT people USE apparatus, materials, substances WHAT people DO tasks and how you do them WORK DESIGN supervision, workload, capacity, psycho social environment You must consult with: WORKERS OTHERS who have the same duty. There is a penalty: 20K for individual, 100K for Uni 11

12 The above hazards are commonly found in the university. To assist with the hazard risk management process templates have been built into the on line system. However, if you a putting in a new denovo process that is unique internationally, then you will need to develop your own risks by evaluating: WHERE people work, WHAT people USE, WHAT people DO, and the WORK DESIGN 12

13 NEW course, paper, delivery method, apparatus, premises, student numbers. REDESIGN reviews, work practices, processes, cost saving, efficiency changes. INFORMATION changes to the risk, controls, loss frequency, regulatory requirements. CONCERNS from workers, managers, or elected representatives Some examples: You double the number of dissection in a lab where the ventilation system is only just coping. A review of results in large number of ACC claims due to body stressing. The Regulator requires insitu asbestos to be inspected 5 yearly. The elected rep raises concerns that not all staff have e identities when an online system is proposed. 13

14 The risk matrix considers two aspects: The CONSEQUENCE how bad could things have been And LIKELIHOOD is this some that occur all the time or is it rare The risk matrix is the same as used in the University risk register In the online system the consequence and likelihood are selectable the system will determine the risk. NOTE in NZ health and safety you cant use the dimension of frequency of exposure 14

15 There are some situations when you will need to CHANGE the ASSESSMENT health and safety hazard risks. These are: If there is UNCERTAINTY eg if synthesising a new substance a precautionary approach is recommended until the new substance properties are evaluated. If hazards INTERACT eg a floor finishing contractor is using a flammable substance and another contractor shows up to finish off some welding, or as temporary measure you store some unstable substances in fridge that is unreliable. If a CONTROL MEASURE CHANGES eg a lighting strike removes the fire monitoring system on a building that has overnight hot processes. If required by REGULATION eg entry in confined space, research diving, live electrical work 15

16 The level 2 control can be used in combination Selection of the control is governed by reasonable practicable 16

17 Key words The PCBU is Massey must one of more of the following for a, b,c,d 17

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19 Realigning the transport highway around the farm option is potentially short term as further amalgamation may occur in future, and is prohibitive expenses Don t amalgamate farm and run as two small independent farms, Defeats the objective and potential closes farms due to inefficiency 19

20 Substitution is act of serving in place of another (Oxford). The substitution options that reduce the risk would be to would be to say replace the at grade (same level) crossing intersection by using: a truck to move cows/staff across the highway, or provide another system for getting the vehicles across the farm. Both not practical Isolate is place apart or alone, free from combination (Oxford) Isolation would be say place the highway in a tunnel or flyover so intersection at same level cannot occur. This would allow the farm to operate a unity farm and essentially the highway would not exist other to access the farm. The cost of enclosing or elevation of a highway are such, is not reasonably practicable. Preventing any person from coming into contact with the hazard Prevention is to hinder or stop (Oxford). In our example we need to assume the cows are hazard to vehicles. Options to achieve this are: Stop or hinder intersection by fencing off the highway and providing a discrete crossing point (or points) as either under or over pass. The cost of under or overpass is say $300,000 plus farm track realignment to suit the discrete crossing point location. Farm staff are to use pass rather than crow fly routes. Engineering controls are defined by the regulation as meaning a control measure that is physical in nature; and includes a mechanical device or process. Options to achieve this are: A controlled same level crossing using traffic lights. The net present value might be $50,000. There would be delay to the vehicle transport system during crossings and the farm would have to supervise and batch animals for crossing purposes. Additionally there are cost of environmental controls from stock effluent that would need mitigation, such as washing road after each crossing, mats, or seal protection/wash say net present value $50,000. The traffic delay may make this unsuitable for busy highways. 20

21 Administrative controls Administrative controls are defined by regulation as meaning a method of work, process, or procedure designed to minimise risk; but does not include an engineering control; or the use of personal protective equipment. Options to achieve this are: Allow animal and people crossing when highway is least used. Requires holding animals to say night crossing with loss of animal feed conversion and grazing efficiency. Risk is not minimized in that intersection with hazard is not reduced if highway has constant high use, or in inclement weather with reduced visibility. Issues of traffic delay and effluent control would remain. Warning lighting would be required. Personal protective equipment Not available for cows/farm staff vehicle intersection hazard. 21

22 In our worked example the best source of information is Best Practice Guidelines for Stock Crossings which is written for Councils to establish bylaws. The best practice guideline is a quantitative guide which uses average seasonal dairy cattle crossings and average daily traffic to determine stock movement permits. Cattle crossings may be permitted, conditional, or restricted. CONSULTATION is essential In the worked example the farmer, the local authority, and roading authority also have duties. You may also need data on traffic volumes, animal movements and animal value in order to decide which option is best. 22

23 Select the appropriate control Highest level of protection Available in our example some options are not practicable Suitable (ieworks for you) Cost cannot be used as a reason for doing nothing or relying on behavioural change. If two options give the same level of protection you can select the cheaper one. Our example has options, the choice will depend variables given in previous slide 23

24 Control measures have to be supported with Work procedures Training instruction and information Supervision In our example if an underpass is put in their needs to be instruction to use it. People will prefer to use the shortest route, especially if they perceived the risk is low egat night 24

25 REVIEW IS REQUIRED If incidents are occurring: the new online accident reporting system will allow managers visibility of the events in their span of control area under their control. In addition drill down analysis can be requested through health and safety (or will occur if your result indicate a need +/ one std deviation of uni average). Incidents that warrant investigation or are reportable indicate a need for review, which should occur as part of the investigation. Exposure is identified through health monitoring eg disease of illness occurs, or OEL is exceded. When change in the workplace occurs changes can be to work environment (eg building or ventilation, place of work, system of work, a process, or a procedure. When new hazard or risk introduced Consultation indicates review is needed If an elected H&S representative requests it At least annually (A Massey requirement) 25

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27 In syndicates of say 5 6 do one assessment 27

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32 In summary our journey has canvased 1. Why do H&S risk assessment legal, moral, and Council need it 2. Identification of H&S risks 3. H&S Risk assessment 2D matrix and confounding factors 4. Controlling H&S risk eliminate, minimise has some 7 options in it Used a worked example to illustrate 5. Review of H&S risk controls especially when processes change or data indicates controls are not working. Questions? Evaluation complete please 32