Light Search and Rescue Operations. CERT Basic Training Unit 5

Transcription

1 Light Search and Rescue Operations Unit 5

2 Light Search and Rescue Operations Training Washington Disasters Basic Search & Rescue Operations Windshield Survey City Plan and Volunteer Organization Communication in a disaster radio procedures Emergency Preparedness Website

3 Disasters that can effect our area. Disasters are relatively unexpected, emergency personnel may be overwhelmed, lives, health, and the environment are endangered. Disasters consist of Natural, Manmade, Technological. Natural: Earthquakes, winter storms, landslides, Seiche, tsunamis, volcanoes, flooding, (pandemics), power outages. Manmade: Terrorist attacks, hazardous material spills, large scale accidents, etc. Technological 2

4 Cascadia earthquake An Earthquake is a sudden slipping or movement of a portion of the Earth s crust, caused by a sudden release of stresses, usually less than 25 miles below the surface. Subduction Zone (Cascadia) - (Juan de Fuca Plate diving under the North American Plate) Mega Quakes (like Chile) happens approx. every 300 years. Last one struck in 1700 Deep (Juan de Fuca Plate) Happens every years (1949, 1965, 2001) Crustal Faults (Seattle Fault Zone ) (900 AD, 1872)

5 South Whidbey Island Fault Zone Active faults in the Puget Lowland Seattle Fault Zone Tacoma Fault Zone???? Puget Sound has thousands of small quakes every year! (< M3)?

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7 BE PREPARED TO TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF, YOUR FAMILY FOR 7 DAYS Prepare before a disaster: 7 days (House Kit, Car Kit, Work Kit) Know where your water shut off is, how to turn off your gas, circuit box and most of all Know your neighbors! Mercer Island Take safety precautions during a disaster. Drop/ Cover/ Hold Take care of yourself, family, home and Pets. Dress for safety: Heavy soled shoes, leather gloves, hard hat, flashlight. If you smell gas shut off gas. (make sure you have a wrench, know how and where the meter is at) Turn off electrical at circuit box Shut off water at main house valve or at main valve at street Call out of state contact to check on family members if phone systems are disrupted locally. Tune into KIRO radio station (KIRO 710AM) or MIHS Radio station 88.9FM or 94.5FM with battery operated radio for info. Check on neighbors to see if OK If willing, volunteer at your city to assist those in need. ( EOC Phone Number) if you are off Island, have you planned for someone to take care of your kids/ family if you can t get back on the Island? Kit in your house, car, workplace? Wrench on gas meter? Know how to turn off your utilities, water? Fire Extinguishers in house? Smoke detectors working? Currently One shelter site, the community center at Mercer View 8236 SE 24 th (Goal for 2012 south end shelter) Faith community may assist with additional warming / cooling areas signs will be posted at intersections for further information. Search & Rescue Team Leads: Joel Ohringer / Abraham Dunn / Tine Rogers / Andrea Pirzio-Biroli /

8 Mercer Island Volunteers 230 active Volunteers Volunteers contacted for activation. Volunteers meet at City Hall Court Room for check in. Volunteer will receive badge (if don t already have one) Lime green vest and be placed into teams below: Medical Mortuary services Search & Rescue Sheltering Food Services Mental Health Child Care Senior Care Animal Shelter Well Operations Damage Assess & Windshield Survey HAM Radio Resource acquisition and tracking Transportation Administration

9 Incident Essentials Priorities in any disaster Life Safety Property Environment Medical Tagging Black / white tape Red tape Yellow tape Green tape Dead critical injured OK Building Operational Status Red Yellow Green No Entrance to Structure - Critical Limited Entrance - Critical Functional Normal Operations Structure OK 8

10 Search and Rescue Consists of three separate operations Sizeup: Using 9-step, continual model Search: Locating victims and documenting Rescue: Extricating victims 5-9

11 Deciding to Attempt Rescue Decision based on three factors The risks involved for the rescuer Greatest good for the greatest number Resources and manpower available 5-10

12 Goals of Search and Rescue Rescue greatest number in shortest amount of time Get walking wounded out first Rescue lightly trapped victims next Keep the rescuer safe 5-11

13 Effective Search and Rescue Depends on: Effective sizeup Rescuer safety Victim safety 5-12

14 Unit Objectives Identify sizeup requirements Describe most common search techniques Use safe techniques for debris removal Use safe techniques for victim extrication Describe ways to protect rescuers 5-13

15 Unit Topics Safety During Search and Rescue Operations Conducting Interior and Exterior Searches Conducting Rescue Operations 5-14

16 CERT Sizeup 1. Gather Facts 2. Assess Damage 3. Consider Probabilities 4. Assess Your Situation 5. Establish Priorities 6. Make Decisions 7. Develop Plan of Action 8. Take Action 9. Evaluate Progress REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A CONTINUAL PROCESS 5-15

17 Sizeup: Step 1 Gather Facts Time of event and day of the week Construction type/terrain Occupancy Weather Hazards 5-16

18 Sizeup: Step 2 Assess and Communicate Damage The CERT mission changes if: Damage is light Damage is moderate Damage is heavy 5-17

19 Light Damage Superficial Broken windows Superficial cracks or breaks in wall surface Minor damage to the interior contents Safe to enter and remain 5-18

20 Moderate Damage Visible signs of damage Decorative work damaged or fallen Many visible cracks or breaks in wall Major damage to interior contents Building still on foundation Enter only to save lives 5-19

21 Heavy Damage Partial or total collapse Tilting Obvious structural instability Building off foundation Do not enter a building with heavy damage under any circumstances 5-20

22 Sizeup: Step 3 Consider Probabilities How stable is the situation? What else could go wrong? What does it mean for the search and rescue? 5-21

23 Sizeup: Step 4 Assess Your Situation Is the situation safe enough to continue? What risks will rescuers face? What resources are needed? What resources are available? 5-22

24 Rescue Resources Personnel Firefighters Police Nurse, M.D. Contractor Tools Crowbars Auto jacks Chainsaws Equipment 5-23

25 Sizeup: Step 5 Establish Priorities What should be done? In what order? How to rescue the greatest number in the shortest amount of time? 5-24

26 Sizeup: Step 6 Keep in mind: Make Decisions Safety of CERT members Life safety for victims and others Protection of the environment Protection of property 5-25

27 Sizeup: Step 7 Develop Plan of Action Focus operation on established priorities and decisions Provide for documentation to give to responding agencies Provide for documentation to become part of CERT records 5-26

28 Sizeup: Step 8 Take Action Based on plan developed during Step

29 Sizeup: Step 9 Evaluate Progress Most critical step Monitor plan s effectiveness and safety REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A CONTINUAL PROCESS 5-28

30 Specific Safety Considerations Make rescuer safety primary concern Use a buddy system Be alert for hazards Use safety equipment Rotate teams 5-29

31 Structural Voids X X X X Pancake Void If you see collapsed floors or walls, get out! X X X Lean-to Void V Void X = Voids 5-30

32 Individual Voids Spaces where victims may seek protection Bathtubs Underneath desks Inside cabinets Under/next to beds Inside closets 5-31

33 Search Markings Upon entering search area: Make a slash Enter info Date Time In Time Out Upon leaving search area: Complete X Enter info CERT I.D. Victims Areas Searched 5-32

34 Search Markings What information do you mark? Date Time In Time Out CERT I.D. Areas Searched Victims 5-33

35 Search Markings Example: CERT-23 2/15/08 In: 1430 Out: 1515 FL 1-2 searched Stairs to FL-3 unsafe 2L Moved to CERT-23 med ops 5-34

36 Search Methodology Call out to victims, If anyone can hear my voice, come here Ask any victims who do respond for more information about the building or others who may be trapped Victims might be in shock or confused 5-35

37 Search Methodology Bottom-up/topdown for a multistory building Right wall/left wall for a single floor Stop frequently to listen 5-36

38 Search Methodology Stop frequently to listen for: Tapping Movement Voices 5-37

39 Search Methodology Triangulation allows rescuers to view a location from several perspectives 5-38

40 Search Methodology Keep records of rescued victims and of those who remain trapped or are dead Report information to emergency services personnel 5-39

41 Exterior Search Set up a grid search Set distance between searchers according to visibility and debris Overlap patterns for full coverage Search in as straight a line as possible Mark areas that have been searched 5-40

42 Rescue Operations Remove objects and debris to free victims and create safe rescue environment Triage victims Remove victims Remove debris 5-41

43 Creating a Safe Environment Maintain rescuer safety Triage in lightly and moderately damaged buildings Evacuate victims as quickly as possible 5-42

44 Precautions to Minimize Risk Know your limitations Follow safety procedures Remove debris by: Leveraging Cribbing 5-43

45 Proper Lifting Procedures Back straight Bend knees Keep load close to body Push up with legs 5-44

46 Leveraging and Cribbing For heavy lifting Performed in tandem Helps extricate victims Various materials and objects may be used 5-45

47 Two Types of Removal Self removal or assist Lifts and drags 5-46

48 Which Extrication Method? General stability of the immediate environment Number of rescuers available Strength and ability of the rescuers Condition of victim 5-47

49 One-Person Arm Carry Lift around victim s back and under knees Lift victim by keeping your own back straight and lifting with legs 5-48

50 Pack-Strap Carry 5-49

51 Two-Person Carry 5-50

52 Chair Carry 5-51

53 Blanket Carry 5-52

54 Log Rolling 5-53

55 Blanket Drag 5-54

56 Light Search & Rescue Unit Summary UNIT SUMMARY Search and rescue consists of three different activities that must be planned carefully and practiced in advance. The decision to attempt a rescue should be based on: The risks involved. Achievement of the overall goal of doing the greatest good for the greatest number. The objectives of search and rescue are to: Maintain rescuer safety at all times. Rescue the greatest number of people in the shortest amount of time. Rescue the lightly trapped victims first. CERTs are restricted to light search and rescue. Their mission when dealing with heavily damaged structures or situations that are clearly unsafe (e.g., rising or swiftly-moving water) is to warn others. Search and rescue sizeup follows the same process as does sizeup for other CERT operations. Sizeup continues throughout search and rescue efforts and provides information about how to proceed. Should sizeup indicate that evacuation is necessary, the CERT mission is to ensure safety and organization during the evacuation. When the decision to begin search operations is made, CERT searchers must: Employ appropriate search techniques. Locate potential victims. 55

57 Light Search & Rescue Unit Summary Unit Summary (Cont.) Locating victims means completing a size up of the building interior to identify areas of entrapment, then conducting a search that: Is systematic and thorough. Avoids unnecessary duplication of effort. Documents results. Rescue involves three main functions: Creating a safe environment Triaging or stabilizing victims Removing victims based on the sizeup Rescue operations hinge on maintaining rescuer safety, which requires CERT members to recognize their own limitations. CERT members should never attempt anything that exceeds their limitations at that point in time. Leveraging and cribbing may be used to remove debris and give access to trapped victims. Victims can be removed in a number of ways, depending on: Their condition. The number of rescuers available. The strength and ability of the rescuers. The stability of the environment. If the building s condition allows, victims with suspected head or spine injury should be stabilized on some type of backboard before being removed. If possible, these removals should be deferred to trained EMS personnel. 56

58 RADIO PROCEDURES Channel 1 Maintenance Channel 2 Emergency Operations (channel designated for volunteers) Channel 3 MI Schools Channel 4 Direct in EOC The aim of the operator should be to get the message through with complete accuracy and minimum delay, so that the least possible time is spent occupying the frequency. Radio traffic is restricted to official messages and emergency traffic only. Radio traffic (conversation) should be kept as brief as possible (4 to 5 words 2-3 seconds). Break up long conversations with the word break so that people know you are continuing but allows for emergency traffic to interrupt. Call signs/names It is essential that everyone know who is talking to whom on the air. The call sign of the person transmitting is always used BEFORE that of the person you are trying to contact. EOC to Inspector Cole SAR 1 to EOC Wait for the person you are calling to respond EOC to SAR 1 go ahead SAR 1 to EOC I am at Islander Middle School with 2 trapped students minor injuries Give location first, than incident. EOC will respond with either further questions for you or a received which means she has received your message. Update EOC if situation changes. You may have someone interrupt your transmission with Break Emergency if they have emergency traffic that needs to get through when two people are attempting to talk at the same time it comes across garbled and fuzzy on the air., so let the emergency traffic have the air. Listen before you call Someone else may be using the air. Speak Clearly Use your normal voice and do not speak fast you will just have to repeat yourself. Hold the microphone close to your mouth but at right angles and talk across the face of the microphone. This reduces distortion and wind noise. Think before you speak Know what you are going to say before you press the microphone button. Divide your message into natural phrases instead of individual words so that it flows smoothly. Prompt replies When called, reply immediately to not do so causes the transmitter to have to resend the message wasting valuable time and space on the air.

59 Good Samaritan Law Legal protection with conditions: Work within scope of assigned duties Not under the influence of drugs/alcohol Valid drivers license and insurance Follow laws (traffic, etc.)

60 RCW Liability for property damage, bodily injury, death Immunity Assumption by state Indemnification Immunity from liability for covered volunteers. (1) There shall be no liability on the part of anyone including any person, partnership, corporation, the state of Washington or any political subdivision thereof who owns or maintains any building or premises which have been designated by a local organization for emergency management as a shelter from destructive operations or attacks by enemies of the United States for any injuries sustained by any person while in or upon said building or premises, as a result of the condition of said building or premises or as a result of any act or omission, or in any way arising from the designation of such premises as a shelter, when such person has entered or gone upon or into said building or premises for the purpose of seeking refuge therein during destructive operations or attacks by enemies of the United States or during tests ordered by lawful authority, except for an act of willful negligence by such owner or occupant or his servants, agents, or employees. (2) All legal liability for damage to property or injury or death to persons (except an emergency worker, regularly enrolled and acting as such), caused by acts done or attempted during or while traveling to or from an emergency or disaster, search and rescue, or training or exercise authorized by the department in preparation for an emergency or disaster or search and rescue, under the color of this chapter in a bona fide attempt to comply therewith, except as provided in subsections (3), (4), and (5) of this section regarding covered volunteer emergency workers, shall be the obligation of the state of Washington. Suits may be instituted and maintained against the state for the enforcement of such liability, or for the indemnification of persons appointed and regularly enrolled as emergency workers while actually engaged in emergency management duties, or as members of any agency of the state or political subdivision thereof engaged in emergency management activity, or their dependents, for damage done to their private property, or for any judgment against them for acts done in good faith in compliance with this chapter: PROVIDED, That the foregoing shall not be construed to result in indemnification in any case of willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith on the part of any agent of emergency management: PROVIDED, That should the United States or any agency thereof, in accordance with any federal statute, rule or regulation, provide for the payment of damages to property and/or for death or injury as provided for in this section, then and in that event there shall be no liability or obligation whatsoever upon the part of the state of Washington for any such damage, death, or injury for which the United States government assumes liability. (3) No act or omission by a covered volunteer emergency worker while engaged in a covered activity shall impose any liability for civil damages resulting from such an act or omission upon: (a) The covered volunteer emergency worker; (b) The supervisor or supervisors of the covered volunteer emergency worker; (c) Any facility or their officers or employees; (d) The employer of the covered volunteer emergency worker; (e) The owner of the property or vehicle where the act or omission may have occurred during the covered activity; (f) Any local organization that registered the covered volunteer emergency worker; and (g) The state or any state or local governmental entity. (4) The immunity in subsection (3) of this section applies only when the covered volunteer emergency worker was engaged in a covered activity: (a) Within the scope of his or her assigned duties; (b) Under the direction of a local emergency management organization or the department, or a local law enforcement agency for search and rescue; and (c) The act or omission does not constitute gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. (5) For purposes of this section: (a) "Covered volunteer emergency worker" means an emergency worker as defined in RCW who (i) is not receiving or expecting compensation as an emergency worker from the state or local government, or (ii) is not a state or local government employee unless on leave without pay status. (b) "Covered activity" means: (i) Providing assistance or transportation authorized by the department during an emergency or disaster or search and rescue as defined in RCW , whether such assistance or transportation is provided at the scene of the emergency or disaster or search and rescue, at an alternative care site, at a hospital, or while in route to or from such sites or between sites; or (ii) Participating in training or exercise authorized by the department in preparation for an emergency or disaster or search and rescue. (6) Any requirement for a license to practice any professional, mechanical or other skill shall not apply to any authorized emergency worker who shall, in the course of performing his duties as such, practice such professional, mechanical or other skill during an emergency described in this chapter. (7) The provisions of this section shall not affect the right of any person to receive benefits to which he would otherwise be entitled under this chapter, or under the workers compensation law or under any pension or retirement law, nor the right of any such person to receive any benefits or compensation under any act of congress.

61 Legal Coverage for Emergency Workers WAC Personal responsibilities of emergency workers. (1) Emergency workers shall be responsible to certify to the authorized officials registering them and using their services that they are aware of and will comply with all applicable responsibilities and requirements set forth in these rules. (a) Emergency workers have the responsibility to notify the on-scene authorized official if they have been using any medical prescription or other drug that has the potential to render them impaired, unfit, or unable to carry out their emergency assignment. (b) Participation by emergency workers in any mission, training event, or other authorized activity while under the influence of or while using narcotics or any illegal controlled substance is prohibited. (c) Participation by emergency workers in any mission, training event, or other authorized activity while under the influence of alcohol is prohibited. (d) Emergency workers participating in any mission, training event, or other authorized activity shall possess a valid operator's license if they are assigned to operate vehicles, vessels, or aircraft during the mission unless specifically directed otherwise by an authorized official in accordance with RCW All emergency workers driving vehicles to or from a mission must possess a valid driver's license and required insurance. (e) Use of private vehicles, vessels, boats, or aircraft by emergency workers in any mission, training event, or other authorized activity without liability insurance required by chapter RCW is prohibited unless specifically directed otherwise by an authorized official in accordance with RCW (f) Emergency workers shall adhere to all applicable traffic regulations during any mission, training event, or other authorized activity. This provision does not apply to individuals who have completed the emergency vehicle operator course or the emergency vehicle accident prevention course and who are duly authorized under state law to use special driving skills and equipment and who do so at the direction of an authorized official. (2) Emergency workers have the responsibility to comply with all other requirements as determined by the authorized official using their services. (3) When reporting to the scene, emergency workers have the responsibility to inform the on-scene authorized official whether they are mentally and physically fit for their assigned duties. Emergency workers reporting as not fit for currently assigned duties may request a less demanding assignment that is appropriate to their current capabilities. (4) Emergency workers have the responsibility to check in with the appropriate on-scene official and to complete all required recordkeeping and reporting. 60

62 Mercer Island Volunteer Training Community Emergency Response Teams CERT Training with Mercer Island Additions or Volunteer Training Schedule Saturday March 17, 2012 *Basic Disaster Prep Council Chambers Saturday April 14, 2012 Well operation Well site th Saturday May 19, 2012 * CERT Org./ Communications Council Chambers Saturday June 16, 2012 *Disaster First Aid Council Chambers Saturday July 21, 2012 Damage Assessment Council Chambers Saturday August 18, 2012 *Search & Rescue North Fire Station Saturday October 20, 2012 *Fire Suppression Training Council Chambers Saturday November 17, 2012 *Disaster Mental Health Council Chambers Saturday December 15, 2012 *Terrorism Response Training Council Chambers Saturday January 19, 2013 *Final Test / Graduation Council Chambers February 2013 Red Cross Shelter Class * Denotes Class needed for CERT Certification, other classes are optional and specific to MI.

63 NIMS Compliance Required to be NIMS compliant to obtain a Volunteer Badge Print and keep a copy of your certificate when you complete the test. FEMA does not keep records of who takes these classes. Links to Online Classes: IS-700.A NIMs Introduction IS-100.b

64 Vest Color Codes Command Staff PIO Royal Blue Liaison Light Blue Section Chiefs YYeel lll llooww Section Staff Tan Volunteer Neon Green Outside Reps Orange Evaluators Black CITY OF MERCER ISLAND EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Duties Chart Emergency Preparedness Officer Incident Commander Vol. Liaison Elected Officials Appropriate funds/ assists PIO with visiting officials/ provides staff assistance when requested Public Info. Officer Safety Officer / Legal Operations (Do Stuff) Planning (Plan Stuff) Logistics (Get Stuff) Administration (Track Stuff) Police Protect lives Warning Communications Traffic Control Fire ER Medical Services Search and Rescue HazMat Mortuary DSG Hazard Mitigation Damage Assessment Windshield Survey Info Analysis / Planning Situation Reports Charts Weather Significant Events Finance Payroll Timesheets Supply Procurement Resources Unit/Inventory Claims/ Comp Recovery Ops EOC food support Parks and Rec Mass Care Shelter Transportation Support HR Personnel /EW tracking Employee Notification Registration EOC food support City Clerk / DSG / Finance Phone bank/ data entry Maintenance Transportation Systems Utilities Facilities Recovery OPS Demobilization Youth and Family Mass Care/Shelter Support Food support for shelter Donation & Distribution IT Computer data tracking 09/01/2008 Updated

65 Mercer Island Emergency Phone Numbers Call only if you need an immediate response from police, fire or medics. Utility Companies Puget Sound Energy (24 hr): Seattle City Light: (24 hr Outage Hotline) or Police Mercer Island (24 hrs): Fire and EMS Mercer Island: (business hours) (24 hrs) Roads, Transportation and Traffic Travel Information: 511 Mercer Island Maintenance: Washington State Patrol: Vehicle Collision Report Health and Human Services Public Health: Washington Poison Center (24 hr): Crisis Clinic: Washington Information Network: 211 Public Health Duty Officer City of Mercer Island main number / Emergency Operation Center mercergov.org/emergencyprep Other Services King County Flood Warning Information Line (recorded flood phase information): King County Flood Warning Center (staffed only during a flood event): American Red Cross serving King County: or Regional Animal Services: Illegal Dumping: Online Reporting