Deep Diving INSTRUCTOR MANUAL PUBLISHED BY.

Transcription

1 Deep Diving INSTRUCTOR MANUAL PUBLISHED BY All rights reserved throughout the world. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1st Edition Copyright 1991 Concept Systems International GmbH Revised 02/1997, 09/1999, 08/2003 2nd Edition Copyright 1996 Concept Systems International GmbH 3rd Edition Copyright 2004 Concept Systems International GmbH 4th Edition Copyright 2009 Concept Systems International GmbH ISBN-13: REORDER #2518DD-E

2 Contents PREPARE THEM FOR THE JOURNEY Welcome....ii How To Teach This Program....ii Record Keeping... iii Marketing Specialty Classes....v Rewards for Experience.... vi About SSI.... vi CLASS 1: ACADEMIC SESSION Objective... C1-1 Materials.... C1-1 Introduction.... C1-2 Presentation.... C1-2 Section 1: Your Total Diving System & Deep Diving... C1-3 Section 2: Planning Your Deep Dive.... C1-3 Section 3: Your Deep Dive.... C1-4 Section 4: Potential Hazards of Your Deep Dive... C1-4 Section 5: Your Repetitive Deep Diving.... C1-5 Summary... C1-5 Final Exam (optional).... C1-5 Class Discussion Questions & Answers... C1-6 Instructor Answer Key.... C1-7 CLASS 2: POOL SESSION ( OPTIONAL) Objective... P2-1 Materials.... P2-2 Deep Diving Pool Session.... P2-2 Deep Diving Pool Exercises.... P2-3 Deep Diving Pool Evaluation.... P2-6 Record Keeping... P2-6 CLASS 3: OPEN WATER 1 Objective... OW3-1 Materials.... OW3-2 Deep Diving Open Water 1 - Orientation..... OW3-3 Deep Diving Open Water 1 - Exercises.... OW3-4 Deep Diving Open Water 1 - Evaluation.... OW3-7 Record Keeping... OW3-7 CLASS 4: OPEN WATER 2 Objective... OW4-1 Materials.... OW4-2 Deep Diving Open Water 2 - Orientation.... OW4-2 Deep Diving Open Water 2 - Exercises.... OW4-3 Deep Diving Open Water 2 - Evaluation.... OW4-6 Record Keeping... OW4-6

3 CLASS 5: OPEN WATER 3 Objective... OW5-1 Materials.... OW5-2 Deep Diving Open Water 3 - Orientation.... OW5-3 Deep Diving Open Water 3 - Exercises.... OW5-4 Deep Diving Open Water 3 - Evaluation.... OW5-7 Record Keeping... OW5-7 APPENDIX Metric Air Consumption Calculations... A-3

4

5 Preface Each section of the student manual includes several unique icons to highlight information or add information that relates to the text near it. In some cases, these icons point out information directly associated with the section objectives, while in other cases, the icon indicates a continuing education opportunity. While these icons are designed to help students learn and retain information, they also provide you with an easy reference to important information to share with your students. Pearl Pearl the oyster is found throughout the text to point out information that we believe is key to a new diver s success. The pearls of wisdom that our oyster friend highlights are designed to help divers meet section objectives, assist in answering study guide questions and may be used in your group discussions. Continuing Education At Scuba Schools International, we believe that one of the keys to achieving and maintaining success as a diver is taking the next step via continuing education. To reinforce that belief, we have put a Continuing Education icon next to topics that correspond to continuing education opportunities available to your students. It is important for you, as the instructor to reinforce these opportunities. Environment SSI has always supported and promoted environmental awareness and believes that care for the environment should be a standard part of diver education from start to finish. For these reasons, an environmental icon has been included to highlight important environmental issues as they relate to divers and the underwater world. Topics that you will find the environmental icon next to include the importance of buoyancy control, reef appreciation and conservation, and using equipment in an environmentally friendly way. Equipment Owning quality equipment is critical to the development of committed divers. This icon is placed throughout your instructor outline to highlight areas in training where you can reinforce the need for divers to own a Total Diving System..

6 INTERNATIONAL CONVERSION PAGE The following examples were used in this manual for the conversion of various Metric and Imperial values. To keep the material simple, these units have been replaced with commonly used values for both the Metric and Imperial systems and therefore may not reflect an exact conversion. DIMENSION METRIC IMPERIAL Depth 3 m 10 ft 10 m 33 ft 20 m 66 ft Altitude 300 m 1000 ft 700 m 2000 ft 1000 m 3000 ft Weight 6 kg 12 lbs 8 kg 16 lbs 10 kg 20 lbs Pressure 1 bar 1 ATA 200 bar 3000 psi 100 bar 1500 psi 50 bar 500 psi Cylinder Size 10 l 65 cu ft 12 l 80 cu ft 15 l 100 cu ft METRIC KEY C = Celsius m = meters km = kilometer kg = kilogram l = liter msw = meters of sea water mfw = meters of fresh water IMPERIAL KEY F = Fahrenheit ft = feet mi = mile lbs = pounds cu ft = cubic feet atm = atmospheres psi = pounds per square inch fsw = feet of sea water ffw = feet of fresh water METRIC CALCULATION BASIS Pressure Increase in Water 1 bar per 10,0 msw, 1 bar per 10,2 mfw (meters of fresh water; exact; 10,197 m) METRIC CALCULATION BASIS Weight of Water 1 l of sea water = 1,025 kg (Based on Average Salinity 3,5% at 20 C) 1 l of fresh water = 1,000 kg IMPERIAL CALCULATION BASIS Pressure Increase in Water 1 ATA per 33 fsw, 1 ATA per 34 ffw IMPERIAL CALCULATION BASIS Weight of Water 1 gallon of sea water = 8.55 lbs, 1 gallon of fresh water = 8.35 lbs For the exact conversion from Metric to Imperial or vice versa use the following conversion values: 1 atm = 1 ATA = 1,013 bar = 14.7 psi 1 bar = 100,000 N/m 2 = 100,000 pascal = psi C= ( F -32) 1.8, F = [( C 9) / 5] m = 3.28 ft, 1 ft = 0,305 m 1 kg = 2.2 lbs, 1 lbs = 0,453 kg 1 km =0.621 mi, 1 mi=1,609 km 1 l (liter) = gallons, 1 gallon=3,785 liters

7 Bereit Prepare für Them ein neues for the Abenteuer Journey

8 ii DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Welcome As an SSI Dive Professional your goal while teaching eep Diving is to teach students the fundamentals of diving at greater depths, so they can be more comfortable and safer. You can customize the program for local diving conditions, and tailor it to certain types of situations. This course is designed to be taught in one classroom presentation, one pool session, and three open water sessions. Deep Diving is a very serious topic and therefore the program is more intense by one additional open water session than other specialty programs. The pool class is primarily a familiarization session. The course can be taught by any current and insured SSI Deep Diving Specialty Instructor. THE MOST STRIKING BENEFITS FOR DIVERS TAKING THE DEEP DIVING SPECIALTY ARE: Explore some of the most beautiful dive sites of the world beyond 20 meters (66 feet).. Learn how to plan and complete your deep diving adventures safely. Discover the important role of air consumption calculations and computers in deep diving. HOW TO TEACH THIS PROGRAM When teaching any SSI program it is important to focus on the four key ingredients of becoming a successful diver. The SSI Diver Diamond was initially introduced to divers during their open water training. Be sure to reinforce the same philosophy during this specialty course. Proper Knowledge As in all of SSI training programs, knowledge is power and replaces fears and fantasies with correct information. As the SSI Dive Professional you will teach divers the specific knowledge related to the Deep Diving Specialty. Proper Skills Repetition is the mother of all skills. As the SSI Dive Professional, you will teach the specific skills and techniques needed to go diving at greater depths. Proper Equipment The safest way for students to dive is in their own personally-fitted, high-quality Total Diving System. Proper Experience Gaining the knowledge, skills and equipment for successful deep dives is only one part of the journey. Going diving is the only way students can gain the actual experience needed to feel completely comfortable and confident diving in these types of advanced conditions.

9 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL iii Diver Responsibility The Deep Diving specialty kit includes a manual and DVD. All SSI Specialty programs are designed to be home study. The diver should watch the DVD, read the manual and answer all of the section review questions. Answers should be transferred to the answer sheets in the back of the manual. Instructors Responsibility Diver Diamond Dialogues and Workshops For your students to become divers, and not just learn to dive, classes should be taught using the Diver Diamond Dialogue and Workshop approach. Each workshop is designed to help facilitate a dialogue between you and your students. Your role as an educator is to teach safe scuba and create need. Using this method allows you to focus the course on the four ingredients of the Diver Diamond found in their student manual proper knowledge, proper skills, proper equipment and proper experience, as well as how each relates to the specific Specialty program. The most important thing to remember is that people don t sign up for classes because they want to go back to school or listen to you lecture! What they want is for their training to be informative, adventurous and fun! The Diamond Dialogues and Workshops are designed to transform each academic session into a group discussion or field trip. Example; during field trips, use the showroom floor (interactive classroom) to let the students teach you what they have learned and how the equipment is related to their safety and enjoyment in the underwater world. This is a fun way for students to gain knowledge and for you to teach. It s important that you use these Diamond Dialogues and Workshops to create and discuss real-word diving scenarios involving the specific equipment, equipment configuration and usage. Note to Instructor: The Deep Diving Specialty Course requires your highest level of professionalism and skill as a diving instructor. When conducting this Diamond Dialogue, it is vital your students understand the relationship between physics, physiology, the Total Diving System and the skills necessary to deep dive safely. Their experiences during this course are critical to their safety as certified deep divers. SSI PEGs (Presentation Enhancement Guides) The Specialty Instructor PEG s are used as a consistent way to visually cover the vital and important information for each section of the student manual. Use this tool during your Academic Review Session to ensure that all objectives are met. RECORD KEEPING Collect and review all student answers for the review questions and put in the student s training record. Answers for the review questions can be found in this guide. Before any diver enters the water, the Statement of Understanding, Waiver/Release form, medical release, and personal information section must be completed and signed. After each session, be sure to sign off the log book.

10 iv DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Instructor Note: Minimizing liability and following SSI Standards means showing the Risk Awareness III DVD before all SSI Specialties. Medical: As long as you are using the new SSI Student Training Record and the medical is current, no new medical has to be filled out. Otherwise, you need a new medical. Waivers: To cover you in the unlikely event of an incident, have all students sign an activity waiver for pool, open water and store sponsored trips. Note: You should consider additional open water sessions if the divers want to descend to depths of feet / metres, especially if you are training inexperienced divers.

11 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL v MARKETING SPECIALTY CLASSES There are a variety of specialty courses for your students to choose from. Encourage them to continue their education to reach new levels of experience. Keep Them Involved! Advanced Adventurer. If the student isn t sure which specialties to try, have them sign up for an Advanced Adventurer course! They will be able to take 5 dives and try 5 different specialties. Their dives also count towards their rating if they choose to continue their training in any of the specialty areas covered. SSI Master Diver Pathway. Keep your students excited about diving by leading them down the Master Diver Pathway. Before they become a Master Diver there are milestones students can reach. Be sure to reward them each time they achieve a new milestone! MILESTONE 1: SPECIALTY DIVER (2 Specialties + 12 Dives) MILESTONE 2: ADVANCED OPEN WATER DIVER (Specialty Diver Rating + 2 more specialties + 12 more dives) MILESTONE 3: MASTER DIVER (Advanced Open Water Diver Rating + 1 more specialty* + 26 more dives) *Note: If not already taken, Diver Stress & Rescue is required. Available Specialties. There is something for everyone! Adaptive Scuba Diving Boat Diving Computer Diving Deep Diving Digital Underwater Photography Diver Stress & Rescue Dry Suit Diving Emergency Training First Aid & CPR Emergency Oxygen AED Bloodborne Pathogens Enriched Air Nitrox Equipment Techniques Navigation Night & Limited Visibility Diving Perfect Buoyancy Science of Diving Search & Recovery Technical Extended Range Advanced Nitrox Technical Foundations Decompression Procedures Advanced Decompression Normoxic Trimix Waves, Tides & Currents Wreck Diving

12 vi DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL REWARDS FOR EXPERIENCE Another way to keep your students diving is to reward them for their diving adventures. When divers take a specific number of specialties and continue their pursuit of dives they can earn higher levels of diver ratings. SSI Ratings are the only ratings in the industry that combine training and experience requirements, proving SSI Ratings are truly earned. There is no better way to keep a diver involved than to reward them for their accomplishments. ABOUT SSI Scuba Schools International grew out of the passion of a few avid divers who were intent on making it possible for anyone to learn to scuba dive. SSI provides education materials, dive training and scuba certification for divers, dive instructors, dive centers and dive resorts around the world. Since 1970, SSI has expanded to 27 International Offices, doing business in 110 countries with training materials in 25 languages representing over 2,400 dive centers and resorts. SSI Certification Cards are welcomed all over the planet, wherever you choose to dive. Scuba Schools International is clearly a name you can trust in the diving community and we attribute that success to uncompromising standards and a focus on quality not quantity. Involvement As well as being an industry leader, SSI is also a founding member of the industry s standards body in the USA and abroad in the USA, it s the RSTC (Recreational Scuba Training Council) and in Europe, it s the WRSTC and the EU (European Standards EN for divers and for scuba instructors).

13 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C1-1 Contents OBJECTIVE MATERIALS Student Instructor INTRODUCTION Welcome Personal Introductions Paperwork Course Overview Pool Session (optional) PRESENTATION Deep Diving Student Manual Deep Diving PEGs Correct and Discuss Review Questions Review: Your Total Diving System & Deep Diving Planning Your Deep Dive Your Deep Dive Potential Hazards of Your Deep Dive Your Repetitive Deep Diving DIVER DIAMOND DIALOGUES AND WORKSHOPS SUMMARY FINAL EXAM (OPTIONAL) CLASS DISCUSSION Questions & Answers INSTRUCTOR ANSWER KEY Class 1: Deep Diving Academic Session I. OBJECTIVE. Upon completion of the course, students should have a fundamental understanding of: planning a deep dive and the necessary equipment and techniques required to dive at depth safely. The goal of this course is to educate recreational divers on the unique challenges of deep diving. Emphasis should remain on standard SSI recreational diving practices, such as staying within a personal comfort zone and observing the Doppler no-decompression limits. II. MATERIALS A. Student 1. Pen or Pencil 2. Notebook 3. SSI Deep Diving Manual 4. SSI Total DiveLog B. Instructor 1. SSI Deep Diving Manual and DVD 2. Deep Diving Instructor Manual 3. Deep Diving PEGs 4. SSI Student Training Record 5. Medical History forms 6. Release of Liability

14 C1-2 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL 7. Assumption of Risk forms 8. Risk Awareness DVD, Part 3 9. Examples of slates III. INTRODUCTION A. Welcome. The beginning of the academic session is extremely important. Try to establish a mood of fun and enthusiasm. Help break the ice and put everyone at ease. B. Personal Introductions C. Paperwork D. Course Overview E. Pool Session (optional) IV. PRESENTATION A. Deep Diving Student Manual B. Deep Diving Presentation Enhancement Guides (PEGs) C. Correct and Discuss Review Questions. SSI Deep Diving Manual and DVD, Sections 1-5. D. Review. Use your instructor PEGs to enhance the review, as well as to confirm that all vital information has been discussed and all objectives have been met.

15 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C Section 1: Your Total Diving System & Deep Diving Objective Understand how to prepare your Total Diving System for Deep Diving. Be able to list any special equipment that is needed for Deep Diving. Know what surface equipment is needed for Deep Diving. Key Points a. Scuba Equipment The Total Diving System b. Special Equipment c. The SSI Equipment Service Program d. Surface Support Deep Diving Diamond Dialogue 1. Being properly equipped and properly prepared is key to safely enjoying a deep dive. Deep Diving Workshop 1. With your SSI Dive Center, in the interactive classroom identify and discuss the special equipment needed for deep diving. e. Section 1 Review Questions 2. Section 2: Planning Your Deep Dive Objective Understand Deep Diving limits. Be able to list how Deep Diving differs from other types of specialty diving. Understand the importance of planning to the Deep Diving process. Key Points a. Deep Diving Limits b. Deep Dive Planning c. Altitude and Diving d. Section 2 Review Questions

16 C1-4 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL 3. Section 3: Your Deep Dive Objective List the steps needed to properly plan a deep dive. List the steps for properly executing a deep dive. Key Points a. Pre-Entry Procedures b. Descent Procedures c. Deep Diving Procedures d. Ascent Procedures e. Section 3 Review Questions 4. Section 4: Potential Hazards of Your Deep Dive Objective Understand the hazards of deep diving.. Know how to minimize the hazards of deep diving. Be able to list the steps to manage an accident. Key Points a. Potential Hazards b. Diving Maladies c. Accident Management

17 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C Section 5: Your Repetitive Deep Diving Objective Understand repetitive diving with dive tables. Understand repetitive diving with computers. Understand the difference between decompression diving and recreational diving. Key Points a. Repetitive Diving with the Dive Computers b. Decompression Diving Deep Diving Diamond Dialogue 2. Deep diving is exciting and mysterious. Diving deep requires many important safety considerations and excellent mental preparation. There are 5 primary areas to be considered when deep diving. Identifying and discussing each of these considerations will help you plan your deep dives safely. Deep Diving Workshop 2. With your SSI Dive Center discuss the 5 primary considerations of deep diving below and relate the appropriate subcomponents of the Total Diving System to each. Focus on how each Sub Component contributes to your safety and comfort. Descent Procedure Decompression Sickness Nitrogen Narcosis CO 2 Excess Ascent Procedure c. Section 5 Review Questions V. SUMMARY. Restate the key points about each topica. VI. FINAL EXAM (OPTIONAL). A grade of 80% or higher is required for passing.

18 C1-6 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Class Discussion Questions & Answers 1. How is SCR used in a dive plan? Determine if air supply is sufficient for the planned dive Make sure buddies have compatible air consumption rates Monitor comfort from dive to dive 2. What are some of the key elements of a complete deep dive plan? Objective Surface consumption rate and minimum psi (bar) Maximum depth and bottom time Knowledge of environmental conditions Proper, well-maintained equipment Buddy communications 3. What should be done to avoid problems with DCS? Dive within the Doppler limits Always make a 3-5 minute safety stop at 15 feet (5 metres) Drink plenty of water Do not push the table or computer limits Make no-decompression dives 4. What are some important deep diving skills? Descents Ascents Neutral buoyancy 5. Why is decompression diving not recommended for recreational divers? Increased exposure to DCS Very little room for error Requires a great deal of diving experience

19 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C1-7 INSTRUCTOR ANSWER KEY SSI Deep Diving Manual Review Questions SECTION 1 SEE DEEP DIVING MANUAL, PAGE 1. Deep diving requires a top-quality, high-performance that will perform well at any depth. Answer: Air Delivery System A first-stage is designed to maintain excellent breathing performance all the way down to very low cylinder pressure. Answer: Balanced The most accurate analog gauges at depth are the oil-filled, the gas-filled, and the. Answer: bourdon tube Equipment manufacturers claim that gauges are more accurate than analog gauges and the only maintenance they require is new batteries. Answer: digital 5. The benefit of a diving computer is that it increases your by giving you for all the time you spend at shallower depths. Answer: bottom time; credit When deep diving, one member of the dive group should always be left on the. This person can assist in entries and exits, radio for help, or offer aid to divers who need help on the surface. Answer: surface When deep diving, it is a good idea to have an extra cylinder with two second-stages tied off at to a separate, or to the Ascent line. Answer: 15 feet (5 metres); safety line An accident management plan includes having the necessary equipment available, but it also includes having the proper, and access to emergency. Answer: training, medical personnel 1-15

20 C1-8 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL INSTRUCTOR ANSWER KEY SSI Deep Diving Manual Review Questions SECTION 2 SEE DEEP DIVING MANUAL, PAGE 1. Those who have graduated from a deep diving course have found their diving skills have greatly improved, especially their control and rate. Answer: buoyancy; breathing Your deep diving limits are based not only on the environment, but also on your personal level, level, and level. Answer: experience; comfort; skill The 100 to 130 foot (30-40 metres) depth limits are recommended only for those divers who are and. Answer: experienced; qualified The maximum limit of 130 feet (40 metres) is not an arbitrary number; it was derived through research. Answer: Doppler ultrasound By knowing what your breathing rate is at the surface, you can calculate how long your cylinder of air will last at a. Answer: certain depth When planning a deep dive, you should buddy up with a diver who has an similar to yours and who is using the same volume cylinder. Answer: SCR When we speak of, we are referring to the elapsed time, starting from when you begin your descent, until the time you begin a direct Ascent to the surface. Answer: bottom time A minimum surface interval of is required in order to be reasonably assured a diver will remain symptom free upon Ascent to altitude in a commercial jet airliner (altitude up to 8000 feet/2438 metres). Answer: 18 hours High altitude diving requires using a special set of and / or a diving computer that takes into consideration the pressure at higher altitude. Answer: dive tables 2-12

21 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C1-9 INSTRUCTOR ANSWER KEY SSI Deep Diving Manual Review Questions SECTION 3 SEE DEEP DIVING MANUAL, PAGE 1. All deep dives should be planned within the - limits. Answer: Doppler no-decompression For deep diving, you will need to start slightly and take other factors into consideration such as buoyancy, because the buoyancy of a cylinder can vary drastically from when it is full, to when it is low. Answer: negative; cylinder Your descent rate should not exceed your comfort level, or a maximum rate of per minute. Answer: 75 feet (22.5 metres) Continuous adjustments to your BC at depth may lead to buoyancy control. Answer: unstable If you are diving in limited visibility or in an unfamiliar area, a is handy to help find the Ascent line. Answer: compass There is a formula you can use to help ensure that you will have an adequate air supply for your Ascent: for every 10 feet (3 metres) you must ascend, reserve of air. Answer: 100 pounds (7 bars) A 30 foot-per-minute (9 metres) Ascent rate means that you will ascend 10 feet (3 metres) every seconds. Answer: You can also make an Ascent using a wall, kelp, or the slope of a beach so you have both a, and something to grab onto if you begin ascending out of control. Answer: visual reference point 3-10

22 C1-10 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL INSTRUCTOR ANSWER KEY SSI Deep Diving Manual Review Questions SECTION 4 SEE DEEP DIVING MANUAL, PAGE 1. can cause dizziness or disorientation, and if the diver continues to descend, eventual unconsciousness. Answer: Nitrogen narcosis 4-1, The effects of may be minimized by staying in good physical condition, eating a well-balanced diet, getting plenty of rest, and maintaining a schedule. Answer: narcosis; regular exercise is generally caused by unintentionally hyperventilating through shallow, rapid breathing while scuba diving. Answer: Carbon dioxide excess When deep diving, DCS is usually caused by at depth, or an improper Ascent rate. Answer: staying too long To minimize the risk of decompression sickness, always adhere to the limits. Do not make decompression dives, and be conservative when making multi-day, multilevel, dives. Answer: Doppler; repetitive The signs and symptoms of an usually appear during or immediately after surfacing and may resemble those of a stroke. Answer: air embolism works in several ways to help the injured diver, and is probably the most important aspect of treatment, other than recompression. Answer: Oxygen The second step in the accident process is to contact immediately. Answer: emergency medical services 4-11

23 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C1-11 INSTRUCTOR ANSWER KEY SSI Deep Diving Manual Review Questions SECTION 5 SEE DEEP DIVING MANUAL, PAGE 1. The U.S. Navy tables were based on the assumption that the bubbles will stay in solution as long as the of nitrogen is not reduced by more than. This research does not take into account the, which is why the Doppler limits have been added to the SSI dive tables. Answer: partial pressure; half; silent bubbles 5-1, diving is defined as a dive that exceeds the no-decompression limits of the U.S. Navy Dive Tables. Answer: Decompression Should you exceed the no-decompression time limits by less than 5 minutes on any dive, it is recommended that you ascend normally to 15 feet (5 metres) and stop for at least. Answer: 10 minutes are highly recommended for divers who intend to participate in repetitive, deep diving. Answer: Dive computers It is recommended that computer users take a or prior to using their computers. Answer: Specialty Course; orientation session The recreational diving community does not advocate the practice of decompression diving, thus it is considered. Answer: technical diving 5-7

24

25 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL P2-1 Contents OBJECTIVE MATERIALS Student Instructor DEEP DIVING POOL SESSION Introduction Equipment DEEP DIVING POOL EXERCISES Equipment Check Weighting Buoyancy Skills Review Emergency Skills Review SMB Deployment Surface Consumption Rate (SCR) DEEP DIVING POOL EVALUATION Exercises Discussion RECORD KEEPING SSI Total DiveLog SSI Student Training Record Class 2: Deep Diving Pool (optional) I. OBJECTIVE. This class is completely optional. It is offered as a suggestion to prepare divers better for the open water class sessions, which saves time and improves results. There are several basic skills from open water classes that are extremely important to deep divers, such as emergency skills and navigation. Since the divers should already know how to perform these skills, the objective is simply to review and refine them. Buoyancy is critical when deep diving and is directly related to proper weighting. The objective is to practice buoyancy and (try to) determine weighting in preparation for the open water sessions. Finally, Surface Consumption Rate is an important part of deep dive planning. The diver s rate can be estimated in the pool and used in the open water session. Since the real training happens in the open water, the overall objective of the optional pool session is not to teach new skills, but to avoid problems in the open water and increase comfort. If these exercises are not performed in the pool, they should be done prior to the exercises in Open Water One, especially the Surface Consumption Rate (SCR).

26 P2-2 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL II. MATERIALS A. Student 1. Personal Items: swim suit and towel 2. Total Diving System 3. Dive Computer 4. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 5. Recommended Equipment: exposure suits for weighting exercises 6. SSI Total DiveLog B. Instructor 1. SSI Deep Diving Instructor Manual 2. SSI Student Training Record 3. SSI Professional DiveLog 4. Personal Items: swim suit and towel 5. Total Diving System 6. Extra Set of Student Equipment (recommended) III. DEEP DIVING POOL SESSION A. Introduction 1. Briefly outline the skills you will be covering. B. Equipment 1. Compasses 2. Slates 3. Exposure suits

27 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL P2-3 IV. DEEP DIVING POOL EXERCISES. Below is a list of skills that would be appropriate to cover in a pool setting, but not all of these skills have to be performed. You should decide which ones to practice based on the needs of the divers and the objectives for this class. The exercises are mostly repeated from the Open Water Diver course, because there are important skills divers need to perform satisfactorily prior to deep diving open water training. Spending time refining their skills is beneficial to both the divers and you, because you will have fewer problems in the open water, resulting in more capable divers in less time. A. Equipment Check. Equipment that fits and works well contributes as much, if not more, as skill and ability to a successful dive. To avoid problems during the open water session, and to promote awareness and proper attitude, have the divers check their equipment before the pool dive. Make sure they pay particular attention to fit and adjustment. Offer constructive suggestions on streamlining their equipment and making it more comfortable. For example, putting alternate air sources and instrument consoles into retaining devices (such as mouthpiece holders, straps, or clips) helps prevent water drag and reduces the chance of catching them on marine life. B. Weighting. Most divers have no idea how much weight they really need. If anything, they use too much, which is both unsafe and uncomfortable. Even though it may not be accurate for open water purposes, have the divers check for proper weighting so they can dive in the pool with neutral buoyancy. This does several things. It shows divers the correct method for determining the amount of weight needed, demonstrates how important it is, and allows them to experience diving with the proper amount of weight. To check for proper weighting, divers should enter the water with full equipment, ideally with the exposure suits they will wear in the open water. After letting all air from their BC, they should float at eye-level with a full breath from the second-stage regulator, and hover just beneath the surface when they exhale. To descend, they may have to exhale completely and push themselves gently below the surface but they should not sink quickly. If weighted properly, they should use the BC very little during the dive for buoyancy compensation. Another valuable exercise is checking weight at the end of the dive with only 500 psi (35 bar) in the cylinder. A nearly empty cylinder can change a diver s buoyancy, and they should know how to adjust for it. At the end of the class, have the divers purge the air from their cylinders down to 500 psi (35 bar). If they are using aluminum 80 cubic foot (2264 litre) cylinders, they should experience slightly positive buoyancy, even with no air in the BC. If this is the case, 1-2 pounds (.9 kilos) more should offset the problem. If it is not the case, then they may be about the correct weight.

28 P2-4 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL C. Buoyancy Skills Review. Every diver practiced this skill in their Open Water Diver course, but few mastered it, so going back to basics is appropriate. Buoyancy control and Ascents are major contributors to safe, fun deep diving. Since these skills are related, in that performing a good Ascent depends on good buoyancy control, it makes sense to practice these together. D. Emergency Skills Review. After the divers have brushed up on buoyancy skills, they should practice some emergency skills. As with the buoyancy skills, emergency skills were learned in the Open Water Diver course, but (hopefully) were never used beyond that. In deep water, divers need to react quickly and decisively to emergency situations, so some remedial training would be very beneficial for most divers. 1. Air Sharing (Alternate Air Source) 2. Air Sharing Ascent 3. Emergency Buoyant Ascent or Emergency Swimming Ascent E. SMB Deployment. The SMB Deployment is a very important skill because the mastery is mandatory on a lot of charter boats all over the world, if you want to enjoy wonderful Drift Dives. In most cases, this will be the first time your students have had the opportunity to work with a Surface marker Buoy (SMB) in the water. Start by explaining how a SMB works, its benefits and limitations. Be sure to reinforce that you have to be very careful when operating the SMB to make sure you do not get hooked up in the rope. Demonstrate the proper attachment to BCD, preparing the SMB as well as the proper filling procedures by using your Alternative Air Source. Have each buddy team practice the SMB deployment several times so each student can get comfortable with the correct procedures. We encourage you to use an open SMB without valves to make it easy in the beginning. In addition to that the SMB should be equipped with a Reel and minimum 15 feet (5m) of line. The exercise should take place while hovering in 10feet (3m) or in 15feet (5m) depth. It is absolutely important that the diver does not get lifted up in an uncontrolled way by the buoyancy of the SMB and that he/she does not get entangled in the line. 1. The diver should prepare the SMB for deployment. 2. Next, the diver makes sure not to get entangled in the line. 3. The diver should fill the SMB with enough air to put a slight strain on the line and recheck all attachments to ensure their security. 4. Next, the diver should add a little more air and let the SMB Ascent to the surface.

29 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL P During the Ascent the diver should maintain control of the line be letting it run in reachable distance. 6. When the SMB reaches the surface, the diver should tighten the rope and continue the safety stop at an adequate depth. 7. When reaching the surface the diver should pack the SMB and the line adequately to exit the water afterwards. F. Surface Consumption Rate (SCR). After going through all the exercises, it is a good time to check the diver s SCR. Because they are a little tired, they will probably get a more accurate reflection of true breathing rate. The SCR will be used for the open water session s dive planning exercises. If it is not done in the pool, SCR should be measured prior to the first open water deep dive. To measure SCR, have the divers swim in 10 feet (3 metres) of water for five minutes. Record everyone s cylinder pressure prior to the exercise. So they have something useful to do during the time, have them practice with the compass (see below). After surfacing, record everyone s ending cylinder pressure. Use the following calculation to determine SCR: (PSI + bottom time) x 33* Depth + 33* PSI consumed per minute at = surface, or at one atmosphere * Use 33 in salt water; 34 in fresh water Note: The metric SCR formula can be found in the appendix. This is also a good time to use the SSI Calcuslate with the students. Show them how easily it works, and doubles as an underwater slate. Towards the end of the class, monitor the diver s air pressure closely so you can conduct the weighting exercise with 500 psi (35 bar). However, pay attention that no one runs out of air.

30 P2-6 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL V. DEEP DIVING POOL EVALUATION A. Exercises. After the divers get out of the water, immediately go over what happened during the class. Make notes of exercises that may need more work during the open water session (not in the training record). Cover the following points: 1. What exercises were performed and why they were important. 2. The key things the divers should have learned from performing the exercises and how they apply to deep diving. 3. Particular exercises the divers had difficulty with, if any, and how they could improve. B. Discussion. After discussing the exercises, go over how the class went overall. Make notes of problems that may reoccur in the open water. Cover the following points: 1. The objective of the session. 2. How the session will help them in the open water. Encourage the divers to ask questions and make observations. Putting what they learned into their own words reinforces the learning and allows you to correct any inconsistencies. VI. RECORD KEEPING A. SSI Total DiveLog. If a pool session is completed, it should be recorded on the Specialty Diver Tab in the SSI DiveLog. B. SSI Student Training Record. Complete the appropriate sections in the training record. Have each diver sign and date the training record, and then you sign as well.

31 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW3-1 Contents OBJECTIVE MATERIALS Student Instructor DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 1 - ORIENTATION Deep Diving Briefing Overview of Exercises Equipment Water Conditions DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 1 - EXERCISES Dive Planning Equipment Check Weighting (optional) Controlled Descent Adjustment Buoyancy Control Navigation (optional) Ascent SMB Deployment Safety Stop DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 1 - EVALUATION RECORD KEEPING SSI Total DiveLog SSI Student Training Record SSI Professional Dive Log Class 3: Deep Diving Open Water 1 Depth Range 60 to 80 feet (18 to 24 metres) I. OBJECTIVE. The objective of Open Water One is for each diver to plan, prepare and experience a deep dive. Teaching proper planning and preparation are the primary focuses of this dive, while experiencing the depth is secondary. In other words, showing them how to get ready for the dive is more important than taking divers beyond 100 feet (30 metres) to get narced, which is unnecessary and unsafe in the initial stages of training. Because depth is relative to the water conditions and the divers, there is no specific depth requirement on dive one. This is why the focus is on planning and preparing thoroughly for the deep dive and on executing the plan well, rather than obtaining some depth goal. Divers should receive valuable training they can use on many dives beyond the course, regardless of depth. Regarding the depth of the class dive, it should be deep enough to impart the feeling of having gone deep, without jeopardizing the divers. Under normal conditions, this will be within the 80 foot (24 metres) range because many recreational divers have learned to stop at 60 feet (18 metres). However, if the visibility is very limited, the objective could be attained in water which is not much deeper than 60 feet (18 metres).

32 OW3-2 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL II. MATERIALS A. Student 1. Total Diving System 2. Recommended Equipment: Slate 3. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 4. Compass, Slate 5. Depth Gauge or Dive Computer 6. SSI Total DiveLog B. Instructor 1. Total Diving System 2. SSI Student Training Record 3. Various Compasses and Slates 4. Descent/Ascent Line (recommended) 5. Deep Diving Instructor Manual 6. Safety Stop Cylinder and Line 7. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 8. Accident Management Plan 9. Oxygen Unit/First Aid Kit 10. Extra Set of Student Equipment (recommended)

33 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW3-3 III. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 1 - ORIENTATION A. Deep Diving Briefing B. Overview of Exercises C. Equipment. Give an orientation on the equipment that will be used during the class, to make sure all divers are familiar with it and know its location and purpose. This would include: 1. Slates / SSI Calcuslate 2. Support Personnel 3. Descent/Ascent Lines (recommended) 4. Safety Cylinders 5. Surface Marker (optional) 6. Oxygen 7. First Aid Kit 8. Radio/Communications (optional) 9. Accident Management Plan D. Water Conditions 1. Surf 2. Current 3. Water Temperature 4. Visibility 5. Depth 6. Interesting Marine Life, Underwater Formations and Sights

34 OW3-4 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL IV. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 1 - EXERCISES A. Dive Planning. Since planning is vital to a successful deep dive, and probably more involved and detailed than most divers are used to, help the buddy teams make dive plans based on the pre-dive briefing. The objective is to coach them through this plan, but to have them make their own on the next dive. Have them copy the plan on a slate. Make sure they adequately address each of the following topics: 1. Goal of Dive (objective) 2. Surface Consumption Rates 3. Minimum Air Limits 4. Maximum Depth and Bottom Time 5. Environmental Conditions 6. Equipment 7. Communications 8. Entry and Exit Procedures 9. Descent and Ascent Procedures 10. Hazardous Situations a. Lost buddy b. Out of air c. Narcosis B. Equipment Check. After planning the dive, everyone should focus on their equipment. All buddy teams should check each other s equipment thoroughly. Also, it is a good time to check and set up all special equipment. 1. All required scuba equipment is available and functioning properly 2. Check surface support personnel 3. Tie off safety cylinders 4. Set surface markers C. Weighting (optional). After entering the water, divers should check their weight just as it was done in the pool session, if possible, because it is so important to have the correct weight. Depending on how the dive is conducted, it may not be time consuming or difficult to do, especially if a charter boat is being used. Dive Con Specialists, the boat crew or other qualified assistants can help speed the process by taking care of separate buddy teams. If you are diving from shore or a small private boat, this exercise may not be feasible.

35 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW3-5 D. Controlled Descent on a Line. Divers should descent in buddy teams on a rope, and you should stay closest to the least capable buddy team. Emphasize good descent techniques, such as staying together, controlling buoyancy, monitoring gauges and watching the rate of descent. E. Adjustment. After reaching the target depth, stop the class and allow everyone to tighten their weight belts, adjust to the depth and get comfortable before starting the deep dive exercises. Take note of those who are cold or are struggling with a piece of equipment. Look for obvious signs of stress and take care of problems. F. Buoyancy Control. When everyone is comfortable, check their buoyancy, because proper buoyancy is a sign of a comfortable diver. Uncomfortable divers may experience problems later in the dive. Watch for divers with lots of air in their BC; they are over-weighted. People who are uncoordinated may simply be poor divers. Before continuing the dive, make sure everyone is neutrally buoyant and comfortable to your satisfaction. G. Navigation (optional). Depending on the conditions of Open Water Dive One, a compass run may be appropriate. Instructor control is the determining factor. Depth, visibility and diver ability are three of the key considerations. You may plan the exercise but cancel it when you arrive at the bottom. Ultimately, if you are not comfortable with this exercise for any reason, do not conduct it. If you determine you want to conduct a compass run, a simple reciprocal course is adequate. Do not send buddy teams very far or over very deep water. A method that works with small groups is to take the group together, where one buddy team leads the out portion and the other leads the back portion. Including general orientation in the planning phase is another way of incorporating navigation into the Deep Diving Specialty. Rather than sending them on a compass course, you can ask them the location of the boat, the shore and other landmarks to see how well oriented they are. H. Ascent. When the maximum bottom time arrives or when someone reaches the minimum air pressure, gather the group and prepare for ascent. Divers should ascend in buddy teams, and you should stay close to the least capable team. Emphasize good ascent techniques, such as staying together, controlling buoyancy, monitoring gauges, and watching the ascent rate.

36 OW3-6 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL I. SMB Deployment. The SMB Deployment is a very important skill because the mastery is mandatory on a lot of charter boats all over the world, if you want to enjoy wonderful Drift Dives. In most cases, this will be the first time your students have had the opportunity to work with a Surface marker Buoy (SMB) in the water. Start by explaining how a SMB works, its benefits and limitations. Be sure to reinforce that you have to be very careful when operating the SMB to make sure you do not get hooked up in the rope. Demonstrate the proper attachment to BCD, preparing the SMB as well as the proper filling procedures by using your Alternative Air Source. Have each buddy team practice the SMB deployment several times so each student can get comfortable with the correct procedures. We encourage you to use an open SMB without valves to make it easy in the beginning. In addition to that the SMB should be equipped with a Reel and minimum 15 feet (5m) of line. The exercise should take place while hovering in 10feet (3m) or in 15feet (5m) depth. It is absolutely important that the diver does not get lifted up in an uncontrolled way by the buoyancy of the SMB and that he/she does not get entangled in the line. 1. The diver should prepare the SMB for deployment. 2. Next, the diver makes sure not to get entangled in the line. 3. The diver should fill the SMB with enough air to put a slight strain on the line and recheck all attachments to ensure their security. 4. Next, the diver should add a little more air and let the SMB ascent to the surface. 5. During the ascent the diver should maintain control of the line be letting it run in reachable distance. 6. When the SMB reaches the surface, the diver should tighten the rope and continue the safety stop at an adequate depth. 7. When reaching the surface the diver should pack the SMB and the line adequately to exit the water afterwards. J. Safety Stop. When the depth of 15 feet (5 metres) is reached, stop for a minimum 3-5 minutes. This is when having a line really pays off because group control is much easier and divers are not affected by environmental conditions such as currents. The best safety stop devices for groups are drop bars, which allow several people to stop at a constant depth comfortably. As an optional exercise, to be done in ideal conditions with capable divers, have them practice using the safety cylinder during the safety stop. Again this should not be done in rough conditions or with divers with whom you feel uncomfortable.

37 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW3-7 In limited visibility, control is very important, even with certified divers. Never enter the water with more people than you can take care of. This is the advantage of holding the optional pool class you will have some idea of the diver s skills prior to the open water. V. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 1 - EVALUATION A. Discussion. After the dive, discuss how the dive went and what each student can do to improve. VI. RECORD KEEPING A. SSI Total DiveLog. Have each diver fill in the appropriate log page. You will sign each one. This is extremely important, as logged dives count toward gaining the Advanced Open Water Diver and Master Diver ratings. B. SSI Student Training Record. Fill in the appropriate sections in the folder with each diver s signature, date and your signature and comments. C. SSI Professional DiveLog. After completing all open water training and record keeping requirements, Specialty Course students are worth one ExperiencePoint each for academic/pool and open water dives. ODiN will count those points automatically when you order the Specialty Course C-card. Experience Points count toward Century, Gold 500, Platinum 1000 and Platinum Pro 5000 Instructor recognition ratings.

38

39 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW4-1 Contents OBJECTIVE MATERIALS Student Instructor DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 2 - ORIENTATION Deep Diving Briefing Overview of Exercises Equipment Water Conditions DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 2 - EXERCISES Dive Planning Equipment Check Controlled Descent Adjustment Buoyancy Control Navigation (optional) Ascent SMB Deployment Safety Stop DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 2 - EVALUATION RECORD KEEPING SSI Total DiveLog Class 4: Deep Diving Open Water 2 Depth Range 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 metres) I. OBJECTIVE. For Open Water Session Two, the primary objective is to apply the training from Session One. In Session One, the main emphasis was on planning and preparation, in which you were the leader in all phases. In Session Two, have the divers perform the same basic exercises, but transfer the primary responsibilities to them. You take secondary responsibility and ultimately make sure nobody forgets anything, but allow the divers to utilize the training under your supervision. In this way, the divers apply the training under controlled conditions in preparation for diving on their own after the course. Concerning depth, the objective is for divers to experience water deeper than the first session so they gain experience. In ideal conditions, that depth can be around the 100 foot (30 metres) range. In very limited visibility, that depth could be conducted close to 80 feet (24 metres). SSI Student Training Record SSI Professional DiveLog

40 OW4-2 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL II. MATERIALS A. Student 1. Total Diving System 2. Recommended Equipment: slate, depth gauge, timing device or dive computer 3. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 4. SSI Total DiveLog B. Instructor 1. Total Diving System 2. SSI Student Training Record 3. Deep Diving Instructor Manual 4. Compass and Slate 5. Descent/Ascent Line (recommended) 6. Safety Stop Cylinder and Line 7. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 8. Oxygen Unit / First Aid Kit 9. Extra Set of Student Equipment (recommended) III. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 2 - ORIENTATION A. Deep Diving Briefing B. Overview of Exercises C. Equipment. Give an orientation on the equipment that will be used during the class, to make sure all divers are familiar with it. This would include: 1. Slates 2. Support Personnel 3. Descent/Ascent Lines (recommended) 4. Safety Cylinders 5. Surface Marker (optional) 6. Oxygen

41 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW First Aid Kit 8. Radio/Communications (optional) 9. Accident Management Plan D. Water Conditions 1. Surf 2. Current 3. Water Temperature 4. Visibility 5. Interesting Marine Life, Underwater Formations, Sights IV. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 2 - EXERCISES. Since the second dive should be deeper than the first, allow for a safe, comfortable surface interval if you are diving on the same day. Do not push the Doppler limits, and plan a no-decompression dive. A. Dive Planning. Allow the divers to make their own dive plan this time, which they should write on a slate. Check to see they adequately address each of the following topics: 1. Goal of Dive (objective) 2. Surface Consumption Rates 3. Residual nitrogen and safe surface interval for a repetitive no-decompression dive 4. Minimum Air Limits 5. Maximum Depth and Bottom Time 6. Environmental Conditions 7. Equipment 8. Communications 9. Entry and Exit Procedures 10. Descent and Ascent Procedures 11. Hazardous Situations a. Lost buddy b. Out of air c. Narcosis

42 OW4-4 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL B. Equipment Check. After planning the dive, everyone should focus on their equipment. All buddy teams should check each other s equipment thoroughly. Also, it is a good time to check and set up all special equipment. 1. Check that all required scuba equipment is available and functioning 2. Check surface support personnel 3. Set descent/ascent lines 4. Tie off safety cylinders 5. Set surface markers C. Controlled Descent. Die Studenten tauchen in Buddy-Teams ab. Sie selbst sollten beim schwächsten Team bleiben. Betonen Sie die Wichtigkeit korrekter Controlled Descent wie Partnerkontakt, Kontrolle der Tarierung und Instrumente, sowie EContentsen der Abstiegsgeschwindigkeit. D. Adjustment. After reaching the target depth, stop the class and allow everyone to tighten their weight belts, adjust to the depth and get comfortable before starting the deep dive exercises. Take note of those who are cold or are struggling with a piece of equipment. Look for obvious signs of stress and take care of problems. E. Buoyancy Control. When everyone is comfortable, check their buoyancy, because proper buoyancy is a sign of a comfortable diver. Uncomfortable divers may experience problems later in the dive. Watch for divers with lots of air in their BC; they are over-weighted. People who are uncoordinated may simply be poor divers. Before continuing the dive, make sure everyone is neutrally buoyant and comfortable to your satisfaction. F. Navigation (optional). Depending on the conditions of Open Water Dive One, a compass run may be appropriate. Instructor control is the determining factor. Depth, visibility and diver ability are three of the key considerations. You may plan the exercise but cancel it when you arrive at the bottom. Ultimately, if you are not comfortable with this exercise for any reason, do not conduct it. If you determine you want to conduct a compass run, a simple reciprocal course is adequate. Do not send buddy teams very far or over very deep water. A method that works with small groups is to take the group together, where one buddy team leads the out portion and another leads the back portion. Including general orientation in the planning phase is another way of incorporating navigation into the Deep Diving Specialty. Rather than sending them on a compass course, you can ask them the location of the boat, the shore and other landmarks.

43 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW4-5 G. Ascent. When the maximum bottom time arrives or when someone reaches the minimum air pressure, gather the group and prepare for ascent. Divers should ascend in buddy teams, and you should stay close to the least capable team. Emphasize good ascent techniques, such as staying together, controlling buoyancy, monitoring gauges, and watching the ascent rate. H. SMB Deployment. The SMB Deployment is a very important skill because the mastery is mandatory on a lot of charter boats all over the world, if you want to enjoy wonderful Drift Dives. In most cases, this will be the first time your students have had the opportunity to work with a Surface marker Buoy (SMB) in the water. Start by explaining how a SMB works, its benefits and limitations. Be sure to reinforce that you have to be very careful when operating the SMB to make sure you do not get hooked up in the rope. Demonstrate the proper attachment to BCD, preparing the SMB as well as the proper filling procedures by using your Alternative Air Source. Have each buddy team practice the SMB deployment several times so each student can get comfortable with the correct procedures. We encourage you to use an open SMB without valves to make it easy in the beginning. In addition to that the SMB should be equipped with a Reel and minimum 15 feet (5m) of line. The exercise should take place while hovering in 10feet (3m) or in 15feet (5m) depth. It is absolutely important that the diver does not get lifted up in an uncontrolled way by the buoyancy of the SMB and that he/she does not get entangled in the line. I. Safety Stop. When the depth of 15 feet (5 metres) is reached, stop for a minimum of 3-5 minutes. This is when having a line really pays off because group control is much easier and divers are not affected by environmental conditions such as currents. The best safety stop devices for groups are the drop bars, which allow several people to stop at a constant depth comfortably. As an optional exercise, to be done in ideal conditions with capable divers, have them practice using the safety cylinder during the safety stop. Again this should not be done in rough conditions or with divers with whom you feel uncomfortable. In limited visibility, control is very important, even with certified divers. Never enter the water with more people than you can take care of.

44 OW4-6 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL V. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 2 - EVALUATION A. Discussion. Let the divers know where they did well and where they need more work. This will help determine skill and comfort level. VI. RECORD KEEPING A. SSI Total DiveLog. Have each diver fill in the appropriate log page. You will sign each one. This is extremely important, as logged dives count toward gaining the Advanced Open Water Diver and Master Diver ratings. B. SSI Student Training Record. Fill in the appropriate sections in the folder with each diver s signature, date and your signature and comments. C. SSI Professional DiveLog. After completing all open water training and record keeping requirements, Specialty Course students are worth one ExperiencePoint each for academic/pool and open water dives. ODiN will count those points automatically when you order the Specialty Course C-card. Experience Points count toward Century, Gold 500, Platinum 1000 and Platinum Pro 5000 Instructor recognition ratings.

45 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW5-1 Contents OBJECTIVE MATERIALS Student Instructor DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 3 - ORIENTATION Deep Diving Briefing Overview of Exercises Equipment Water Conditions DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 3 - EXERCISES Dive Planning Equipment Check Descent Adjustment Buoyancy Control Navigation (optional) Ascent SMB Deployment Safety Stop Class 5: Deep Diving Open Water 3 Depth Range 100 to 130 feet (30 to 40 metres) I. OBJECTIVE. For Open Water Session Three, the primary objective is to apply the training from the previous two Sessions. In Session Three, the main emphasis is on conducting a Deep Dive in the 100 to 130 feet range.you take secondary responsibility and ultimately make sure nobody forgets anything, but allow the divers to utilize the training under your supervision. In this way, the divers apply the training under controlled conditions in preparation for diving on their own after the course. Concerning depth, the objective is for divers to experience water deeper than the first two sessions so they gain experience. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 3 - EVALUATION RECORD KEEPING SSI Total DiveLog SSI Student Training Record SSI Professional DiveLog Graduation Ceremony

46 OW5-2 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL II. MATERIALS A. Student 1. Total Diving System 2. Recommended Equipment: slate, depth gauge, timing device or dive computer 3. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 4. SSI Total DiveLog B. Instructor 1. Total Diving System 2. SSI Student Training Record 3. Deep Diving Instructor Manual 4. Compass and Slate 5. Descent/Ascent Line (recommended) 6. Safety Stop Cylinder and Line 7. Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) 8. Oxygen Unit / First Aid Kit 9. Extra Set of Student Equipment (recommended)

47 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW5-3 III. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 3 - ORIENTATION A. Deep Diving Briefing B. Overview of Exercises C. Equipment. Give an orientation on the equipment that will be used during the class, to make sure all divers are familiar with it. This would include: 1. Slates 2. Support Personnel 3. Descent/Ascent Lines (recommended) 4. Safety Cylinders 5. Surface Marker (optional) 6. Oxygen 7. First Aid Kit 8. Radio/Communications (optional) 9. Accident Management Plan D. Water Conditions 1. Surf 2. Current 3. Water Temperature 4. Visibility 5. Interesting Marine Life, Underwater Formations, Sights

48 OW5-4 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL IV. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER - EXERCISES. Since the third dive should be deeper than the first two, allow for a safe, comfortable surface interval if you are diving on the same day. However it is recommended to perform the Deep Dives on two different diving days. Do not push the No-Decompression limits, and plan a nodecompression dive. There are no special exercises on that dive because students should gain experience on perfroming deep dives independently and safely. Please have them consider the following areas on that dive. A. Dive Planning. Allow the divers to make their own dive plan this time, which they should write on a slate. Check to see they adequately address each of the following topics: 1. Goal of Dive (objective) 2. Surface Consumption Rates 3. Residual nitrogen and safe surface interval for a repetitive no-decompression dive 4. Minimum Air Limits 5. Maximum Depth and Bottom Time 6. Environmental Conditions 7. Equipment 8. Communications 9. Entry and Exit Procedures 10. Descent and Ascent Procedures 11. Hazardous Situations a. Lost buddy b. Out of air c. Narcosis B. Equipment Check. After planning the dive, everyone should focus on their equipment. All buddy teams should check each other s equipment thoroughly. Also, it is a good time to check and set up all special equipment. 1. Check that all required scuba equipment is available and functioning properly 2. Check surface support personnel 3. Set descent/ascent lines 4. Tie off safety cylinders 5. Set surface markers

49 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW5-5 C. Descent. Divers should descend free or with a visual reference depending on the conditions in buddy teams, and you should stay closest to the least capable buddy team. Emphasize good descent techniques, such as staying together, controlling buoyancy, monitoring gauges and watching the rate of descent. D. Adjustment. After reaching the target depth, stop the class and allow everyone to tighten their weight belts, adjust to the depth and get comfortable before starting the deep dive exercises. Take note of those who are cold or are struggling with a piece of equipment. Look for obvious signs of stress and take care of problems. E. Buoyancy Control. When everyone is comfortable, check their buoyancy, because proper buoyancy is a sign of a comfortable diver. Uncomfortable divers may experience problems later in the dive. Watch for divers with lots of air in their BC; they are over-weighted. People who are uncoordinated may simply be poor divers. Before continuing the dive, make sure everyone is neutrally buoyant and comfortable to your satisfaction. F. Navigation (optional). Depending on the conditions of Open Water Dive One, a compass run may be appropriate. Instructor control is the determining factor. Depth, visibility and diver ability are three of the key considerations. You may plan the exercise but cancel it when you arrive at the bottom. Ultimately, if you are not comfortable with this exercise for any reason, do not conduct it. If you determine you want to conduct a compass run, a simple reciprocal course is adequate. Do not send buddy teams very far or over very deep water. A method that works with small groups is to take the group together, where one buddy team leads the out portion and another leads the back portion. Including general orientation in the planning phase is another way of incorporating navigation into the Deep Diving Specialty. Rather than sending them on a compass course, you can ask them the location of the boat, the shore and other landmarks. G. Ascent. When the maximum bottom time arrives or when someone reaches the minimum air pressure, gather the group and prepare for ascent. Divers should ascend in buddy teams, and you should stay close to the least capable team. Emphasize good ascent techniques, such as staying together, controlling buoyancy, monitoring gauges, and watching the ascent rate.

50 OW5-6 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL H. SMB Deployment. DThe SMB Deployment is a very important skill because the mastery is mandatory on a lot of charter boats all over the world, if you want to enjoy wonderful Drift Dives. In most cases, this will be the first time your students have had the opportunity to work with a Surface marker Buoy (SMB) in the water. Start by explaining how a SMB works, its benefits and limitations. Be sure to reinforce that you have to be very careful when operating the SMB to make sure you do not get hooked up in the rope. Demonstrate the proper attachment to BCD, preparing the SMB as well as the proper filling procedures by using your Alternative Air Source. Have each buddy team practice the SMB deployment several times so each student can get comfortable with the correct procedures. We encourage you to use an open SMB without valves to make it easy in the beginning. In addition to that the SMB should be equipped with a Reel and minimum 15 feet (5m) of line. The exercise should take place while hovering in 10feet (3m) or in 15feet (5m) depth. It is absolutely important that the diver does not get lifted up in an uncontrolled way by the buoyancy of the SMB and that he/she does not get entangled in the line. I. Safety Stop. When the depth of 15 feet (5 metres) is reached, stop for a minimum of 3-5 minutes. This is when having a line really pays off because group control is much easier and divers are not affected by environmental conditions such as currents. The best safety stop devices for groups are the drop bars, which allow several people to stop at a constant depth comfortably. As an optional exercise, to be done in ideal conditions with capable divers, have them practice using the safety cylinder during the safety stop. Again this should not be done in rough conditions or with divers with whom you feel uncomfortable. In limited visibility, control is very important, even with certified divers. Never enter the water with more people than you can take care of.

51 DEEP DIVING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL OW5-7 V. DEEP DIVING OPEN WATER 3 - EVALUATION A. Discussion. Let the divers know where they did well and where they need more work. This will help determine skill and comfort level. If a diver did not complete the deep diving, for whatever reason, they did not complete the course. They should be given another opportunity to complete the remaining exercises, or be given individual attention. This could be done that night, if time permits, or another night. But do not pass any diver you do not feel comfortable with. VI. RECORD KEEPING A. SSI Total DiveLog. Have each diver fill in the appropriate log page. You will sign each one. This is extremely important, as logged dives count toward gaining the Advanced Open Water Diver and Master Diver ratings. B. SSI Student Training Record. Fill in the appropriate sections in the folder with each diver s signature, date and your signature and comments. C. SSI Professional DiveLog. After completing all open water training and record keeping requirements, Specialty Course students are worth one ExperiencePoint each for academic/pool and open water dives. ODiN will count those points automatically when you order the Specialty Course C-card. Experience Points count toward Century, Gold 500, Platinum 1000 and Platinum Pro 5000 Instructor recognition ratings. D. Graduation Ceremony. Now is the time to reward them with their diploma and Deep Diving Specialty Card. Remember, Open Water training should be an event not a chore make them proud.

52

53 Appendix Metric Air Consumption Calculations...A-3